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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 19, No. 264 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 19,
Issue 264,
1903,
Page 81-118
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摘要:
Issued 9/4/03 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. VOl. 19. No.264. March 25th, 1903. Annual General Meeting. Professor J. EMERSON Sc.D., F.R.X., President, in the Chair.REYNOLDS, Dr. L. T. Thorne and Dr. K. J. P. Orton wereappointed Scrutators, and the ballot was opened for the election of Officers and Council for the ensuing year. The President then presented the following Report on the state of the Society during the past twelve months : REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. The Council have the satisfaction of announcing that the numerical strength of the Society which, on March %thy 1902, was 2416, is now 24'71, the highest number yet reached. Since the last Annual General Meeting, 130 Fellows have been elected and 6 have been reinstated by the Council, making a gross total of 2552.Of these, 27 have been removed for non-payment of two subscriptions, 33 have withdrawn, 82 and 21 havc died, making 55 the net increase in the number of Fellows. By the death of Professor J. Wislicenus, F.E.S., the number of Foreign Fellows has been reduced to 31. The following Fellows have withdrawn : A. Abbott. R. H. C. Gompertz. J. Robinson. C. Armitage. H. W. Gough. w. 12ussell. W. P. Ashe. J. P. Jenkins. S. P. Sadtler. C. R. Blackett. T.Judge. J. Spilsbury. H. V. Buttfield. J. Lunt, T.C. Squance. A. W. Clayden. W. B. Mason. R. W. Steel. A. H. Downes. C. K. Millard. D. R. Steunrt. J. Dunn. J. L. Notter. W. Taylor. 1,.Ehrmann. T. H. Page. A. Thomson. G. Evans. W. Pullinger. Rev. W.Watson. E. I. G. Gill. J. C. Quinn. C. W. T. Woods. The following Fellows have died : Sir F. A. Abel, Bart., Dr. J. H. Gladstone, Sir W. C. Robert.;-P.R.S. F.R.S. Austen, K.C.B., Dr. C. M. Aikman. G. Griffith. F.R.S. F. B. Benger. Prof. J. J. Hururmel. Dr. E.Schunck,F.R.S. C. R. Blackett. R. Jack son. J. Sim. Prof. G. Bischof. W. I. Macadam. W. H. Stauger. Dr. E. Domtrquy. J. Moss. E. Truman. W. C. Porsyth. J. Kobbins. isl, Zingler.. T.E. Gee. The scientific work of the Society during the past session abundantly testifies to its continued activity. Since the last Annual Geneid Meeting, 1st)scientific communications have been made to the Society, 118 of which have already been published in the l'rwm~ctiows,and abstracts of all have appeared in the Proceedings.The %"s~~ctio?~sfor 1902 contains 160memoirs occupying 1604 pages, whilst the volume for the preceding year contains 146 memoirs which occupy 1411 pages. In addition, the volume for 1902 contains the Kaoult Hernorial Lecture. The Jour?~dfor 1902 contains also 3854 abstracts of papers pub- lished mainly in foreign journals, which extend to 1564 pages. Thcse abstracts may be classified as follow5 :- 83 Part I. No. of Pages. Abstracts. @rganic Chemistry ................................ 852 1632 Part 11. General and Physical Chemistry ............... 409 Inorganic Chemistry .............................. 428 Mineralogical Chernis try ........................ 154 Physiological Chemistry., ........................ 421 Chemistry of Vegetable Physiology and Agri- culture ..........................................281 Analytical Chemistry .............................. 529 712 2222 - Total in Parts I and I1 .................. 1564 3854 The Council desires to offer the congratulations of the Society to Professor G. D. Liveing, F.R.S., and to Mr. J. G. Hepburn, who this year reach the Fiftieth Anniversary of their election as Fellows. The Society has to lament the death of one distinguished Foreign Fellow, Professor J. Wislicenus, F.R.S., and of twenty-one Fellows, amongst whom are two P;tst Presidents, Sir F. Abel, Bart., F.R.S., and Dr. J. H. Gladstone, F.R.S., who had been Fellows for the long period of fifty-five years ;other notable names are those of Sir W.C. Roberts-Austen, K.C.B., F.R.S., Professor J. J. Hummel, and Dr. E. Schunck, F.R.S. Obituary notices of these mill appear in the Journal. The Raoult Memorial Lecture mas delivered before a large audience in the Theatre of the Royal Institution (the use of which was kindly granted for the occasion by the Managers) on March 26th, 1902, by Professor J. H. van’t Hoff, F.R.S. The Council are glad to be able to announce that Professor W. H. Perkin, F.R.S., has undertaken to deliver the Wislicenus Memorial Lecture towards the end of the present year. The Society, in conjunction with the Royal Society and the other Scientific Societies having rooms in Burlington House, arranged for the decoration and illumination of the Building on the occasion of the Coronation of the King.The plan of holding the Ordinary Meetings of the Society alternately on Wednesdays, at 5.30 p.m., and on Thursdays,at 8 p.m., which was tried for the first time last session, proved so satisfactory that the Council determined to continue the practice during the present 84 session. Both sets of meetings have been equally well attended, and the meetings held on Wednesdays appear, in particular, to suit the convenience of Fellows resident at a distance from London. The Joint International Committee on Atomic Weights, on which the Society is represented by Professor Thorpe, has issued its first Report. This report, which includes a new table of atomic weights, has been printed in full, both in the Journal and the Proceedings.The Society having been invited by the Organising Committee of the Fifth International Congress of Applied Chemistry to co-operate with other societies in this country in securing a proper representa- tion of English chemisiry, the Council, in June last, appointed a com-mittee to take action in the matter, and have nominated, as its Delegates to represent the Society at the meeting of the Congress in Berlin in June next, the following Fellows : Professor W. A. Tilden, Professor W. R. Dunstan, Professor W. H. Perkin, and Dr. A. Scott. A petition has been addressed to the Council requesting them to consider the desirability of limiting the period of service of the Honorary Secretaries and of the Foreign Secretary. The Council having fully considered the matter, passed, nem.eon., a resolution stating that whilst the tenure of office should not be indefinitely extended, it was not expedient to fix a definite term of years to the tenure of these offices. The rapid growth of the Library rendered it imperative that additional accommodation for its extension should be obtained at once. This has been accomplished by utilising for that purpose some of the rooms of the basement, and plans are at present under consideration by which storage accommodation there for the less used books may allow of the normal growth of the Library for another ten or twelve years without its being unduly cramped. This, along with the constantly increasing amount of work entailed by the continuous growth and prosperity of the Society, rendered necessary the rearrange- ment of the duties of the Staff.After careful consideration, the Council decided to separate the duties of Assistant Secretary from those of the Librarian and Curator, Mr. Steele retaining the latter, whilst Mr. 8.E. Carr has been appointed Assistant Secretary. A complete card catalogue of the Library has now been made, and the new Catalogue, arranged both according to authors and subjects, was issued at the beginning of the present year at the price of half-a-crown. The Library continues to be increasingly used by the Fellows. 925 books were borrowed during the year as against 873 in the previous year.The additions to the Library comprised 64 books, 338 volumes of periodicals, and 23 pamphlets, the corresponding numbers of which in the year before were 153, 441, and 33 re-spectively. Of the books, 48 have been presented to the Society. Grants amounting in all to S230 have beenmade from the Research Fund. The Council here desires to place on record its high appreciation of the conspicuous services of Professor Dunstan, who now retires from the post of Honorary Secretary which he has held withsuchadvantage to the Society, and who, for the last ten years, has given unsparingly both his time and his energy to the promotion of its highest interests. As one of the Vice-presidents, the Council hope to have him among them for some time to come.Another material change in the administrative officers of the Society comes into force with the nomination of the Treasurer, Professor Tilden, to the highest office in the Society, that of President. The Council acknowledges with gratitude the skill and foresight with which, for the last four years, he has controlled the tinances of the Society, and it is largely owing to bia management, as well as to the ever increasing prosperity of the Society, that the Council has been able to introduce several important reforms and rearrangements. These are alluded to elsewhere in this report, and it is hoped that they will greatly increase the usefulness of the Society. Professor W. P. Wynne found it necessary, to che great regret of the Council, to resign the post of Editor of the Journal which he has held for the last four years with such credit to the Society, but kindly consented to act as Editor until the end of 1902, when he was succeeded by Dr.G. T. Morgan, who, in addition to editing the ,Jozb"nal,now edits the Pmceedings of the Society. REPORT OF TKE TREASURER. The Treasurer, in presenting the balance sheet for the year, stated that the net income was 36212 5s. Id., whilst the expenses bad been 25384 18s., leaving a surplus of 2827 7s. Id., which was about one hundred pounds less than the surplus income in 1902. This was due to several causes, namely, the increase of nearly 3380in the cost of the Journal and Proceedings,the additions to the item of salaries and wages, and the expenses on account of the Collective Index.Whilst, there- fore, the present surplus is satisfactory in that it exceeds the amount paid into the account in the form of compositions and admission fees, all these three forms of expenditure will still require careful watching. Three yeara ago, at the end of his first year as Treasurer, he made an appeal to authors of papers with reference to the preparation of copy for the printers, arid he could not help thinking that in the near future more stringent regulations in regard both to the state of the manuscript and the dimensions of papers would have to be imposed with the object of keeping the cost of printing within the means at the disposal of the Society. The Abstracts of foreign and other journals are now indispensable, but, notwithstanding the care exercised by the Sub-Editor, to whom the Society is greatly indebted, and the very moderate remuneration of the excellent body of Abstractors, the cost of their preparation is very heavy.The amount which will appear in the next balance sheet under the heads of salaries and wages will be somewhat larger, inasmuch as the increase will represent that for an entire year instead of only half a year as on the present occasion. The total cost of the last two volumes of the General Index was S-1740, whilst the expenditure on the volume which is in course of preparation has, up to the present, been 2,204. The greater part of the cost is therefore still to be met..On the other hand, the Library Catalogue is now completed, and for some years there need be no further expense in that form, although additional accommodation for the books will have to be provided im- mediately at an outlay which will probably approach $200. The following tabular statement contains the chief items of income and expenditure during the past four years. The figures represent pounds, the shillings and pence being omitted. It will be seen that whilst the income of the Society is increasing the expenses are growing at nearly the same rate. 1900. 2901. 1909. 1903. Compositions ......... 110 282 168 299 Admission Fees ...... 468 464 652 520 Subscriptions ......... 35 10 3544 3712 395 7 Sale of Journals ......781 aao 835 888 Dividends ............ 444 464 476 506 Net Income ......... 5371 5668 5844 6212 Assets .................. 16710 17156 17807 1 a446 Expenses .............. 4993 4932 4913 5384 Surplus ............... 377 736 930 a27 The Treasurer recalled with satisfaction the sale of Consols pre-viously held by the Society in his first year of office. A serious loss mas thus avoided, and, by the reinvestment of the proceeds, a slight addition was secured to the income of the Society. The estimated values of the securities are all slightly less than at this time last year, but the further investment in May last in 2,1200 of Leeds Corporation Stock now brings the Assets of the Society to 6he respectable figure of $18,446 178.3d. The TREASURER, in concluding, proposed a vote of thanks to the Auditors, which was acknowledged by Dr. L. T. THORNE. Professor DEWARproposed a vote of thanks to the Treasurer, Secretaries, and Council. The motion was seconded by Professor and unanimously adopted. Professor DUNSTANW. H. PERKIN, re-sponded. The PRESIDENTthen delivered his address, in which he called attention to the publication of some recent reports on progress in chemical research, and urged the publication of similar digests, He mentioned that this year would see the centenary of Dalton’s state- ment of his atomic theory, which rose, as Nernst truly said, “by R single effort of modern science, like a phcenix from the ashes of the old Greek philosophy.’’ He urged the study of ‘‘comparative chemistry ” of inorganic compounds.There were few inquiries of greater interest than those involving inorganic isomerism, which was now either completely ignored or only slightly mentioned, Poly-merisrn, or molecular condensation, was well known to exist in many inorganic compounds, as in the oxides of nitrogen, vanadium, niobium, and tantalum. Silicon showed a great analogy to carbon, and it was highly probable that some of the native silicates were benzenoid com- binations of 6Si0,. The more familiar cases of isomerism were the nitrites and sulphites, and isomerism had also been observed in the thiosulphates and the salts of the phosphorous acids. Attention was directed to some cobalt, platinum, and molybdenum compounds which showed this peculiarity.Another analogy between carbon and inorganic compounds was the curious and interesting catalytic action, referred to by Bredig under the title of “inorganic ferments.” Colloid platinum solutions acted on many substances in the same way and under similar laws as enzymes. The whole subject was little known, but it suggested that the brcader study of inorganic chemistry, especially in the light of our knowledge of the “organic ” division of the science, was well worthy of much greater attention than it had received of late. Dr. RUSSELL,in moving the adoption of the report, proposed a vote of thanks to the President, coupled with a request that he mould allow his address to be printed in the Transactiotzs.Professor THORPEseconded the motion, which was carried by ac- clamation. After the President had returned thanks, the Scrutators presented their report to the President, when he declared the following to have been duly elected as Officers and Council for the ensuing session :- 88 President : W. A. Tilden, D.Sc., F.R.S. Vice-Presidents who have $Zed the oflce of Preesident : H. E. Arm-strong, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S.; A. Crum Brown, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S.; Sir W. Crookes, F.R.S. ; James Dewar, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. ; A. Vernon Harcourt, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S. ;H. Muller, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S.; W. Odling, M.A., M.B., F.R.S.; W. H. Perkin, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S. ; J. Emerson Reynolds, Sc.D., M.D., F.R.S. ; Sir H.E. Roscoe, LL.D., F.R.S.; W. J. Russell, Ph.D., F.R.S.; T. E. Thorpe, C.B., TLD., F.R.S.; A. W. Williamson, LL.D., F.R.S. ]'ice-Presidents : Wyndham R. Dunstan, M.A., F.R.S. ; P. F. Frank-land, LL.D., F.R.S. ; David Howard ; Herbert McLeod, F.R.S. ; Raphael Meldola, F.R.S. ; H. A. Miers, D.Sc., F.R.S. Secretaries: A. Scott, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. ; W. 9. Wynne, D.Sc., F.R.S. Foreign Xecretccrg : Sir W. Ramsay, K.C.B., LL.D., F.R.S. Treasurer:Horace T. Brown, LL.D., F.R.S. Other Members of Council : J. J. Dobbie, M.A., D.Sc. ;Augustus E. Dixon, M.D. ; M. 0. Forster, Ph.D., D.Sc. ; A. Harden, D.Sc., Ph.D. ; J. T. Hewitt, MA., D.Sc.; C. A. Kohn, Ph.D., B.Sc.; J. E. Marsh, M.A. ; E. J. Mills, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S. ; S. U. Pickering, M.A., F.R..S.; S. Ruhemann, M.A., Ph.D. ; J. A. Voelcker, Ph.D. ; James Walker, D.Sc., F.R.S. ANNIVERSARY DINNER. The Anniversary Dinner of the Society took place at the Whitehall Rooms on Wednesday, March 25th, at 7 p.m., when the folIowing Fellows and their guests dined together :-Abney, Sir W., K.C.B., F.R.S. Brown, Mr. 8. Adie, MP. R.. H. Brown, Dr. H. T., F.R.S., Treaszcvev-Alldred, Mr. C. H. EZect. Baker, Mr. H. B., F.R.S. Carr, Mr. S. E., Assistant Secretary. Barlet, Mr. S. Chapman, Mr. A. C. Bauernian, Prof. H. Chattaway, Dr. F. D. Beadle, Mr. C. Chaytor, Mr. A. H. Bennett, Mr. J. H. Clapp, Mr. R. R. Bewsher, Mr. S. Connith, Mr. 3. Bowley, Mr. J. J. Cooper, Mr. A. Boys, Prof. C. V., F.R.S. Brabrook, Mr. E. W., C.B. Dickins, Mr. F.V., C.B. Brough, Mr. B. H. Divers, Prof. , F. R. S. Dodds, Mr. J. M. Dowson, Dr. W. Dunstan, Prof. W. It., P.R.S., Hon. S'ecretary and Vice-President-Elect. Dyer, Dr. H. Eastick, Mr. C. E. Epps, Mr. J., jun. Fairley, Mr. T., President of the Society of Pzcbl ic A nalysts.Fenton, Mr. H. J. H., F.B.S. Fletcher, Mr. L., F.R.S. Forster, Dr. M. 0. Glazebrook, Dr. R. T., F.R.S. Presided of the Physical Society.Gordon, Mr. J. G. Goulding, Mr. E. Gowland, Prof. W. Greenaway, Mr. A. J., Sub-Editor. Hall, Mr. E. B. Hall, Mr. S. Harden, Dr. A. Hartley, Mr. H. Hartley, Mr. H. B. Harvey, Mr. E. W. Harvey, Dr. J. S. Henry, Dr. T. A. Hewitt, Dr. J. T. Hill, Mr. A. Croft. Hill, Mr. C. A. Hills, Mr. W. Holloway, Mr.G. T. Howard, Nr. D., President of thc:Institiite of Cheinisty.Howie, Mr. W. L. Jones, Mr, H. 0, Jowett, Dr. H. A. D. Judd, Prof. J. W., C.B., F.R.S. Kelvin, Lord, G.C.V.O., 0. M., Presi-dent of the Royal Society of &'din-burgh.Kempe, Mr. A. B., F.B.S., Yreaszwer of the Royal Society.Knowles, Mr. J. Larmor, Prof. J., h'eeretary of the &oyct I Society.Le Rossignol, Mr. A. C. Le Sueur, Dr. H. R. Lewkowitsch, Dr. J. Lock, Mr. C. Louis, Mr. D. A. Lowry, Dr. T. 31. Lunge, Prof. G., Ph.D. McCormick, Rev. Canon, D.D. MacEwan, Mr. P. Mackenzie, Capt. N. F. MacMahon, Major P. A,, R.A., F.R.S. Marr, Mr. J. E., F.R.S. Marsh, Mr. J. E. Martin, Mr. N. H. Martineau, Mr. W. Matthews, Dr. F. E. Maxwell, Rt.Hon. Sir H., M.P., F.B.S. Messel, Dr. R. Miers, Prof. H. A,, F.R.S. Minsscn, Mr. B. Moody, Dr. G. T. Morgan, Dr. G. T., Editor. Morning Post. Muller, Dr. H., F.R.S. Murphy, iXr. A. J. Newsholme, blr. G. T. W., PresideiLt of the Pharmacevticicl Society.Nicholson, Mr, F. G. Orton, Dr. K. J. P. Page, Mr. F. J. M. Pam. Mr. A. Perkin, Mr. A. G. Perkin, Dr. W. H.. H.R.S. Perkin; Prof. W. H., F.R.S. Philip, Dr. Ping, Mr. W. Pizey, Mr. J. H. Power, Dr. P. E. Press Association. Pritchard, Prof. W. Mamsay, Sir W., K. C. B., F.R.S., ForeignSecretary.Rawson, Mr. C. Reynolds, Prof. J. E., F. R.S., President. Richardson, Mr. 0. W. Ruhemann, Dr. S. Russell, Mr. J. B. Russell, Mr. T. H. Russell, Dr. W. J., F.R.S.Schack-Sommer, Dr. G. Scott, Dr. A., F.R.S., Hon. Secretary.Smith, Mr. L. Standurd, The. Stecle, Mr. R., Librccrian. Stevenson, Dr. T. Strouts, Jhlr. E. M. Sullivan, Dr. Washingto~i.Swinburne, Mr. J., President of the IN-stitution of Electrical Engineers. Taylor, Mr. R. W. Cooke. Thiselton-Dyer, Sir W. T., K.C.M G.,F.R.S., Director of the Royal Gar-dens, Kew. Thomson, Prof. J. M., F.R.S. Thorpe, Prof. T. E., C.B., F.R.S., Foreign Secretary of the Royalsocizty.Tidy, Mr. H. L. Tilden, Prof. W. A,, F.R.S., Treasurer and President-Elect. 90 Ti-mes, The. Wallis, Mr. 1’. E. Tyrer, Mr. T. Webb, Mr. C. C. J. Williamson, Blr. S.Voelcker, Dr. J. A. Wynne, Prof. MT. P., F.R.S., Hmt. Wade, Dr. J. Sbcrctnry-Elect.The following toasts were proposed :-By THE PRESIDENT. 1. His Most Gracious Majesty the King. 2. Her Majesty the Queen Alexandra, their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, and the other Members of the Royal Family. By Professor T. E. THORPE,C.B., F.X.S., E’oreign Seciqetary of the Boyd Society. 3. The Houses of Legislature, coupled with the names OF the Rt. Hon. LORDKELVIN,G.C.V.O., O.M., President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and the Rt. Hon. Sir HERBERT MAXWELL,Bart., M.P., F.R.S. By Sir W. T. THISELTON-DYER, K.C.M.G., F.R.S., Di~ecto~ the Royal Gardens, Kew.of 4. Prosperity to the Chemical Society. By Professor W. A. TLLDEY,D.Xc., E.R.S., President-E’lect of the Chemical Society. 5.The Guests, coupled with the names of Ah. A. B. KEMPE, Treasurer of tlbe Royal Society, Mr. JAMESSWINBURNE, President of the Institution of E’iech-ical Engineem, and Professor GEORGELUNGE,The Polytechnicurn, Zurich. THE PRESIDENT,in proposing the loyal toasts, said that when the Fellows of the Chemical Society last dined together they were mourn-ing the loss of their great and venerable Queen, and were engaged in a sanguinary war. To-day they were in happier circumstances ; the war cloud had disappeared, and that other cloud of suffering through which the King had to pass after his Accession was now but a memory. They might therefore now rejoice and join with new mean-ing in the old cry of ‘‘ Long live the King.” Professor THORPE,in proposing the toast of the Houses of Legis-lature, said that the theme offered many tempting possibilities. All would admit that both Houses showed an intelligent appreciation of the important part science plays in the conduct of human affairs nowada,ys, and in directing human development, even to the extent of preserving the national existence of the people for whom these Houses have to legislate.Now, the House of Lords is singularly fortunate in that it possesses three at least of the most distinguished representatives, not only of British science, but of the science of the whole world-Lord Lister, Lord Rayleigh, and last, but not least, Lord Kelvin, whom we have the honour and pleasure of welcoming here to-night. It was a circumstance unique in the history of any legislative assembly that there should be at one time three men of such world- wide prominence in the councils of any nation.In France such a thing bes not happen ; nor even in Germany, so often held up to us as an example of what should be in the relations of the State to science. The House of Commons is not so rich in scientific orna-ments. It is true that she possesses in the person of the Secretary of the Royal Society, the Member for the University of Londog, a man who is a host in himself. As for Sir Herbert .Maxwell, like Lord Kelvin, he is no stranger within our gates. His position as a literary man is well known to all. It does not seem to matter to him whether he is chronicling the achievements of some great master in the art of war or of some great master in the art of painting.On history, biography, fiction, natural history, his busy pen has leFt its mark. He is known in yet another sphere of action to several who are here to-night, and who have had the honour and pleasure of sitting under him on certain departmental committees in which, as a member of the Legislature, he has taken a leading part. Although all may not have seen the results of these inquiries from the same point of view, all are agreed in tendering to Sir Herbert Maxwell their appreciation of his urbanity, courhesy, impartiality, and, knowledge of procedure, In responding for the House of Lords, LORDKELVINpointed out the blood-relationship which exists between the peerage and modern chemistry, for was not the Hon. Robert Boyle ‘‘the father of modern chemistry and brother of the Earl of Cork 1 ” But without straining this relationship too far, there was much in modern science which linked it to the peerage.We have the Marquis of Worcester with his steam-engine, Baron Napier and his logarithms, the Hon. Robert Boyle, Cavendish who added so enormously to our knowledge of electricity and chemistry, and who obtained argon as a bubble the size of a pin's head by burning the nitrogen of the air with oxygen, Lord Rayleigh, who has made litres and litres of argon, Lord Salisbury, Lord Blythswood, and Lord Lister. But it was not only because the House of Lords contained many scientific men, but because, as Professor Thorpe had remarked, it was a working and a useful part of the Legislature of the British Empire, that he had to thank them for the toast, As for himself, he would like to say that all his life he had tried to be a chemist.Physical chemistry and chemical physics make up the whole of science outside of biology, at the present day. A great deal has been heard of physical chemistry. With some modification of its fundamentals, it had come to stay. We must now all be chemists, for chemistry is the science of the whole of matter. Gravitation has shown us great things at great distances. Cavendish pushed down the law of gravitation to small distances, but now we must go on down to infinitely smaller distances in connec- tion with chemical affinity, which Cauchy supposed could act at distances infinitesimal with regard to the wave-length of light.The physicist must bow to the chemist to investigate these things. The largest part of physical science is chemistry, and the chemistry of the future is the whole of physical science. SIRHERBERT in replying for the House of Commons, said MAXWELL, that in spite of all the kindliness infused into his allusions to the House of Commons, Professor Thorpe had given the impression that the atmosphere of the House of Lords was a purer and a loftier one. And SO it is, but is that independent of the fact that so many of those who sit there have passed through the purgatoryof the Lower House 1 Such are Lord Blythswood, Lord Avebury, better known as Sir John Lubbock, and many others.When the connection between science and the Legislature was mentioned, he feared lest the proposer of the toast was going to contrast what was done in this country for science with what was done in other countries. At the present time, for example, he was chairman of a departmental committee to inquire into the administration of the meteorological grant, which amounts to S15,OOO. In the United States the grant for a similar purpose is a quarter of a million, Although all the members of the committee appointed by the Privy Council to inquire into the working and amendment of the Pharmacy Acts did not put the same construction on the evidence brought before them, each was ready to give to every other full credit for the faithful discharge of duty according to his lights. Had the report depended on himself alone, he would have felt serious misgivings, especially after many letters he had received from members of a very important profession, but he was much indebted to the Chemical Society for the aid rendered to him by its ex-President, 93 Professor Thorpe, its President-elect, Professor Tilden, and Dr.Stevenson. When it is considered how largely the use of poisonous substances has increased in agriculture, horticulture, and various other industries, he thought they were justified in coming to the conclusion that some relaxation of the restrictions imposed by the Pharmacy Act of 1868 had become urgent. SIRW. T. THISELTON-DYER said that it was with great pleasure that he proposed the toast of “Prosperity to the Chemical Society,” especially as he had to couple with it the names of two great friends of his, those of the President, Professor Emerson Reynolds, and the Honorary Secretary, Professor Dunstan.To the former he owed much for introducing him many years ago to the society of the scientific men of the Irish capital, who were bound together by a camaraderie unknown in Loudon. He understood that the President during the tenure of his office had travelled something like sixteen thousand miles in the performance of his duties. The Senior Secretary, whose scientific work he so highly appreciated, gives up his office after a decade spent in the service of the Society, and leaves work much more congenial to him to devote his energies to the task of co-ordinating the Imperial Institute into something useful to the Empire, in which he would have the heartyco-operation of Kew.There must be something in the science of chemistry which for its own sake can call forth such enthusiasm and energy. When the Society meets acentury hence, he could conceive that they mould look back on the chemistry of the present time much as the transcendental mathematician looks on the arithmetic of the Board school. Thechemistry of to-day is probably only the expression of a partimlar view of material structure-a mere calculus which may be dispensed with. The dream of his old teacher, Sir Benjamin Brodie, may yet be realised, and we may not only be able to say what compounds are possible, but be able to predict their properties, their structure, their form.But what is to be said with regard to life? Lord Kelvin long ago suggested that it came from the stars. After some work with which Professor Dewar had kindly associated his name, he had no hesitation in saying that he could see no difficulty in protoplasm passing through stellar space even though it could not be reduced to chemical laws. The PRESIDENTsaid he rose with very mingled feelings to respond. He did not know that he could claim that chemists as a body were particularly modest, but he thought that he might justly claim that the Society which was represented here to-night did admirable work and did it well.There was no harm in proclaiming that the Society was prosperous ;its Fellows numbered 2171, and its income has reached the respectable sum of 26200, which has enabled it to print a very large amount of work contributed by its Fellows, many of whom, in addition 94 it has been able to aid in a material way in the prosecution of their researches. They had always the certainty that truth acquired for its own sake would become of ultimate value to the human race. Now nothing contributes so much to the success of work in any depart- ment of human knowledge as a good working hypothesis. It is therefore interesting to note that they were in a measure celebrating the Centenary of the promulgation of the Atomic Theory.That great inspiration of Dalton’s with regard to the discrete nature of matter seems to have been first made known in a tentative form to a select audience of nine persons. Now the whole world is the audience of the philosopher. It was invented to explain the chemical laws then known, and had exercised a most profound influence on the progress of science. lt was the germ of that molecular theory of matter which pervades all chemistry and physics at the present time. Physicists seemed to expect them to think that all light and leading flows through them and many considered that Dalton’s theory has had its day, but he agreed with Lord Kelvin that it had a long day yet. PROFESSOR expressed the great gratification it had been to DUNSTAN him to be officially connected for the last ten years with the Society, which continues to grow from year to year, and reflects not only the progress of English chemistry, but of the science of chemistry throughout the world.One circumstance he would always recall with the greatest pleasure, and that was the harmonious way in which the officers had always worked together in promoting the best interests of the Society. All acknowledge how much chemistry owes to Germany, and here to-night is to be seen, for the first time by the Society, the bust of Liebig, to whom, both as a discoverer and as a teacher, our science is indebted so much. This gift, which will soon adorn the rooms of the Society, they owed to the generosity of Dr. Messel. The PRESIDENT-ELECT,Professor TILDEN, said that the pleasttn t duty of proposing the health of their guests, had been assigned to him. Beside those whom they had had the pleasure of hearing, he might men- tion that they had with them the Director of the National Physical Laboratory, who was, also, most appropriately President of the Physical Society, the President of the Pharmaceutical Society, and the Presi- dent of the Institute of Chemistry.He could assure the last named that although at one time it was feared that the Institute of Chemistry might interfere with the progress of the Chemical Society, he could assure its President that the Chemicsl Society looked with friendly eyes on its efforts to raise the qualifications of professional chemists, and to inculcate among its members those professional feelings with which every well-organised profession ought to be animated.A secret which he had reserved for himself had been let out by Professor Dunstan. The bust of Liebig which they saw was said to 95 be a faithful representation of the great master to whom the science of chemistry owed so much, and who was well-known in England forty- five years ago. Has he come back, like the statue of the commander in Don Jwm, to remind us of our misdoings? For in 1837 Liebig wrote that he had been staying for a long time in England and had not learned much. He thought that could an opinion be obtained from him now it would be very different, for since that time vast revolutions had taken place.In this country we are always a little late in starting, but when we do start we do our work thoroughly; and he thought that the activity, energy, enthusiasm, and quality of the work done by the Society was not surpassed by any other society on the face of the globe. He had been instructed to couple with this toast the names of Mr. Kempe, Treasurer of the Royal Society, and that of his old friend and pupil, Mr. Swinburne, President of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. He might say that with regard to the Royal Society the Chemical Society looks towards it much as a daughter looks towards her mother even after she has left the parental roof. The acquisition of the three magic letters F.R.S. is still the ambition of all the young chemists of England, an ambition which has a very healthy influence as an incentive to the pursuit of scientific work.He hoped it would always be reserved as a prize for the successful worker, and awarded solely for additions to knowledge. Circumstances tempted him to ask them to join with this toast yet another well-known name, that of one of the Fellows of the Society, whose appearances are so rare that he comes almost with the prestige of a, Foreign Member. All used to look upon Professor Lunge as an Englishman, but whatever he is now he trusted that he retained some kindly thoughts of by-gone days spent in England. There were two reasons, Mr. KEMPEt,hought, why he had been asked to respond to this toast-one because he mas the senior officer of the Royal Society present, and the other because he represented the law; but he was not on that account going to give them a speech of double length.To-night they had been brought together by the forces of chemical affinity, but soon the forces of dissociation must come into play ; still, he ventured to hope that soon again the pro-cesses of synthesis would be re-established. Mr. SWINBURNEsaid that it was very pleasant to have his old master, Professor Tilden, propose his name as one of their guests to-night. If, as a boy, he had ever any chemical microbes in him, it was by Pro-fessor Tilden that they had been fostered. Although all knew how unsafe it was to differ from Lord Kelvin on any point, he was going to claim chemical science as a small branch of that domain of science which he had the honour to represent, because the Encyclopcedicc Britannica says, and therefore it must be so, that all chemical action 96 is but electrolysis.The foundations of chemistry have, on the whole, been more secure than those of most other sciences during these troublous times. Chemists did not suffer so much as electricians did, for they used to have one fluid, then two fluids, and now no fluid. They had to master a new theory almost every week or two. If there was one piece of advice he might be allowed to give, it would be to stick fast to their atoms and molecules. PROFESSOR said that he had been greeted by the President- LUNGE elect as a guest, and in one sense he was so. He had the honour of being elected a Fellow of the Society thirty-five years ago, but had never been able until that day to be present at a single meeting. When he was elected he resided in the far north, and his visits to London were few and far between, and now that he was in Zurich they were naturally still more rare, yet he never came to London without looking to see whether he could not attend a meeting of the Society.Now to-day he had been able to attend the Annual General Meeting, nud had hoped to be formally admitted a Fellow. He found, however, that that was against the Bye-laws, for it was only at Ordinary Scientific Meetings that Fellows could be admitted. He was therefore just where he was before, and so far entitled to be con-sidered as a guest.Since the freedom of Zurich had been conferred upon him he had become a citizen of Switzerland, but he always felt himself to be what Professor Tildea called him-an English chemist. Whatever he had done he owed to his twelve years of English training, so he owed a debt of gratitude to this country, and he was glad to have this opportunity of saying so and of thanking them for the kind way in which he had been received. Thursday, April 2nd, 1903. Professor W. A. TILDEN,D.Sc., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. T. E. Wallis, R. C. Farmer, and H. W. Bywaters were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : William Godsell Burghard, 180, High Holborn, W.C.Edwin Jesse Fairhall, 29, Winsham Grove, S.W. Norbert Van Law, 69, Calais Road, Burton-on-Trent. Henry Wolff Levy, Chancery Lane, Melbourne. Alfred Ernest Moore, B. A., B.Sc., St. John’s College, Battersea, S.W. 97 George M. Norman, B.Sc., 5, Watford Villas, Battersea Park, 8.W. George Harry Parry, The Level, Brierley Hill, Staffordshire. James C. Smith, B.Sc., 57, Great Ormond Street, W.C. Of the following papers, those marked * were read : "51. The dioximes of camphorqninone, and other derivatives of isonitrosocamphor." By M. 0. Forster. The dioximes of camphorquinone, three of which were described by Manasse (Bey., 1893, 26,243), have been obtained in purer condition, and the series of four completed. The following table summarises the chief characteristics of these substances : [.lo in Precipitate with C.C.of absolute[.Iu in 2 percent.sodium hydr-alcohol at 20" alcohol. sodium oxide and ferrous required to dis-hydroxide. sulphate. solve 1 gram. a-Dioxime ... 201" -63.6" -98-3" Chocolate 40 I8-Dioxime ... 248 -24 '1 Chocolate 590 y-Dioxime .. . 135 + 22.4 +12'6 None 1 '0 8-Dioxime ... 199 +75-5 +83.6 Chocolate 12'4 The peroxide of the dioximes, C,,H1,02N,, obtained by oxidising them with potassium hypobromite, melts at 1445O, and when reduced with zinc and acetic acid, yields the a-dioxime. The anhydride of isonit rosocamphor, C2,H2,0,N2, prepared by heating together the potassium and benzoyl derivatives of isonitroso- camphor in benzene, is also formed when benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, or acetic anhydride acts on the dry alkali derivatives.It melts at 1874 becoming transformed into the anhydride of a-camphornitrilic acid ; a 2 per cent. solution in chloro- form has [a], + 141.7'. Two isomeric compounds, C,,.H,,O,N,, melting at 136-1 37' and 152' respectively, are produced by the action of m-nitrobenzoyl chloride on an alkaline solution of isonitrosocamphor. As in the case of the benzoyl derivatives, the substance of lower melting point is yellow, whilst the other is colourless. On hydrolysis, the former gives rise to a new modification of isonitrosocamphor, C,,H,,O,N ;this compound, which is still under investigation, melts at 114' and passes into the known isomeride between that temperature and 152'.DISCUSSION. Dr. ARMSTRONGpointed out that if Dr. Borster's discovery of a yellow benzoylisonitrosocamphor were taken into account, together with Miss Whiteley's recent important observations on the colour of oximic compounds, the absence of colour from isonitrosocauiphor and the dioxirnes could only be explained-if they were regarded as true oximic compounds-on the assumption that they were polymerised molecules ;but he was of opinion that it was premature, at present, to accept the explanation afforded by the Hantzsch-Werner hypothesis of the isomerism subsisting among the dioximes. On various grounds, he held this hypothesis to be open to grave question. Even the structure of camphorquinone appeared to be by no means placed beyond doubt.Dr. SILBERRADasked whether the benzoylation of camphorisoimide had been tried in perfectly dry pyridine in place OF the alkaline solntion used in the Schotten-Baumann reaction, and stated that this modification had proved very useful in the benzoylation of compounds which undergo immediate hydrolysis in contact with water. Dr. LOWRYsaid that if the labile form of isonitrosocamphor were regarded as an isooxime, the isomerism described by Dr. Forst'er would correspond closely with that of the norrn,al and pseudo-nitro-camphors, RS is shown by the formulfe : C<YO" -+ C,H,,<FH"'2w3,4<I 0 t-COUO The formation of a colourless benzoate might then be regarded as being due, in each case, to the benzoylation of the labile form with an accompanying isomeric change of the Beckmann type : Dr. FOHSTERstated that the molecular weight of the new isonitroso- camphor had not been determined, but that as soon as the necessary material had been accumulated the general behaviour of the substance would be more closely studied ;Dr.Silberrad's suggestion relating to camphorisoimide would be adopted. 99 "52. (( Reversibility of enzyme or ferment-action." By A. C. Hill It has been shown previously that the hydrolysis of maltose to glucose by yeast extract in concentrated solution is incomplete, the phenomena being due to polymerisation of the glucose by a reversible procoss, and a point of equilibrium is approached which varies with the concentration of the total sugar.In further publications, it mar also pointed out that the polymerisation of glucose resulted in the forma- tion of isomeric sugars, and somewhat different results were obtained when Taka-diashase and the pancreatic ferments respectively were used instead of yeast extract. In every case, it was possible, by diluting solutions of the synthetical products, to hydrolyse these compounds back to glucose by the enzyme used in their synthesis. Further, it had been found that the synthetical products of the action with yeast extract are hydrolysed by Taka-diastase, and those of the action with Taka-diastase by yeast extract. When the products of the synthetical change obtained by the use of yeast ferment, whilst still mixed with unchanged glucose, are fer- mented with #, Marxianus, only this hexose is fermented ; but when a yeast containing maltase is employed, ,z part also of the synthetical product is fermented.Again, if the synthetical products in dilute solution are submitted to the hydrolytic action of yeast extract and then treated with 8. Marxianus, the whole is fermented. The supr that is not fermented either by S. Mas.n.iccnus or by yeasts containing maltase has been separated and proves to be a new biose, which is called revertose. The other sugar, which is fermented by all yeasts containing maltase but not by S. Mcwxianus,is believed to be maltose, for although it has not been obtained pure, yet on fractionating mix- tures of this sugar with revertose, specimens have been obtained in which the former sugar preponderates and of which the optical and other properties approach those of maltose.Its osazone crystallises in plates, whilst the corresponding derivative of revertose separates in needles. Revertose is formed in larger quantity, and the equilibrium point of glucose revertose is more favourable to the synthetical change than the equilibrium point of maltose glucose, which favours the hydrolytic reaction. The products of the synthetical change with Taka-diastase are equally fermentable in part by all maltase-containing yeasts and, as previously indicated (Proc., 1901, 17, 184) are readily rehydrolysed by the same ferments in dilute solution, These products have not been separated.Since the first paper on this subject (T~cons.,1898, 73, 634), further observations of a similar nature have been made by the author and others, and the number of ferments for which a reversible action has been noted has become extended. These results warrant the adoption of the hypothesis that all ferment actions are reversible. DISCUSSION. Mr. A. R. LINGsaid that recent experiments on the action of various hydrolytic enzymes on polysaccharides had shown that hydrolysis was invariably accompanied by a reversed or synthetical action, Dr. Hill being the first to notice that this reversion occurred when a concen-trated solution of d-glucose is submitted to the action of yeast-maltase.In conjunction with Mr. B. F. Davis, he had obtained evidence that a certain amount of reversion occurred at a certain stage in the reaction between malt diastase and 3 per cent. starch paste. The use of the term ‘‘ reversion ” was, however, scarcely justifiable, tts in no case had reversion led to the regeneration of the original carbohydrate, the products being iso-sugars, as had been shown in certain instances by E. Fischer and E. F. Armstrong. As it mas extremely unlikely that the same product. mas obtained from R given carbohydrate by the use of different enzymes, the name ‘‘revertose” seemed too general for any specific compound obtained in this way. Dr. E. F. ARMSTRONGremarked that the important question to be decided with reference to the synthetical action of enzymes was vhether the sugar synthesised mas identical or not with that normally hydrolysed by the enzyme, and expressed the view that, at present, the experimental evidence tends to prove that the spnthesised biose and the hydrolysed biose bear the same relation to one another as do the a-and P-methyl glucosides.He thought that the portion of the material fermented by yeast was more likely glucose than maltose, and did not consider the evidence sufficient to establish the in-dividuality of revertose as distinct from the isomaltose proved by Emmerling to be formed by the action of maltase on glucose. Mr. J. L. BAKERinquired whether any derivatives of revertose other than the phenylosazone had been prepared as, for example, the acetyl and benzoyl compounds.Was the evidence of the identity of revertose based solely on the physical constants and the osazone 1 In reply, Dr. CROFTHILLstated that revertose was obtained in white, crystalline, very hygroscopic crusts by dehydrating the vitreous mass in which it first separates from its alcoholic solution. It still contained a little ash, but the osazone was obtained quite pure. Revertosazone is readily distinguished from Fischer’s isomaltosazone by the fact that it is optically inactive, whereas Fischer’s isomalt- osazone was dextrorotatory. 101 The fermentation experiments with maltase-containing yeasts on the one hand, and with 8. Hmwialzus on the other were conducted on parallel lines, analyses being made at every step.The difference in the two cases could only be explained by the fact that in the former case a part of the synthetical product was fermented. The view put forward by one school of chemists in Germany, that the action of ferments was not truly reversible, but that the substance synthesised is always different from the substance hydrolysed, is untenable, for in every case the synthesised substance can again be hydrolysed by the ferment which produces it. He considered it likely that conditions of equilibrium may favour such a practical outcome, and the synthetical process in the organism may have such a relationship to the analytical process, but, theoretically, each component of the process is reversible in the strictest chemical sense. “53 “Discoloured rain.” By E.Gc.Clayton. The rain which fell for some hours on Sunday, February 22nd, 1903, in all counties south of the Tbames, and elsewhere, as at Clare in Suffolk, Oswestry in Salop, and on the Continent, as at Bochum in Westphalia, was turbid and discoloured, soiled window glass to an unusual extent, and left, on exposed surfaces, a greyish-brown or terra-cottacoloured deposit. The wind prevailing at the time was very high, and generally westerly or south-westerly. It has been suggested that the deposit was of volcanic origin, and probably due to the West Indian eruptions. The following results were obtained with a specimen of the rain collected by Mr. R. Pound at Ashbury, near Shrivenham, Berkshire.Chentical Examination.-After five days, the water remained opal- escent and yielded an extremely fine, light brownish-red sediment : Parts in Parts in 10 0,000. 1,000,000. Dissolved solids Ammonia (free and (dried at 150°) ... 25.1 saline) ............... 0.95 Dissolved solids Ammonia (on boiling (after ignition) ,.. 21.1 with alkaline per- (6) Suspended matter ... 23.6 manganate) ......... 0.15 Chlorine ............... 2.0 The residue (a), after evaporation, blackened on ignition with an odour of burning wood, and, on further heating, the carbon soon dis-appeared. The inorganic matter was mainly calcium carbonate ; alkaline chlorides and iron compounds being also present. 102 The suspended matter, which contained a mere trace of carbonate, was almost insoluble in dilute acids, but decomposed on warming with moderately concentrated sulphuric acid ; its chief components were silica (67.5 per cent.), alumina and ferric oxide (14.1 per cent.), and volatile matter (12.4 per cent.).The separated silica was perfectly white, and the volatile matter principally of organic origin. The great differences between this specimen and ordinary rain water, especially as regards the proportions of chlorine, dissolved solids, and suspended substance, are sufficiently obvious. Biologicccl Exurnination.-One C.C. of the water, by plate-cultivation on nutrient gelatin at 20-22', yielded, by the fourth day, 420 bacterial colonies.OF these, 19 were non-liquefying, iridescent expan- sions of irregular outline, having the characters of Bncillus$uorescem non-liquefaciens ;the rest, which were sharply-outlined, circular, pearly dots, resembled Bacillus lipuefaciens, and began to liquefy the gelatin on the third day. After incubation for 24 hours at 38O, 1 C.C. of the water showed, in 5 days, only 33 bacterial colonies (Bacillus subtilis 2). Miwoscopical Exccnainution of the Sediment.-The particles, which ranged in size from 0.001 to 0405 mm., were yellow or brown, resembling those of clay. This similarity was noticed by Professor Bonney in a recently published letter describing some specimens of the deposit which he had received. In the sediment now under dis-cussion, there were no vitreous, and very few angular, particles: between crossed Nicols prisms, the field was faintly illuminated.No pollen granules could be distinguished (although these appear to have been observed at Denchworth, Berkshire). The analysis, however, clearly indicates that some organic matter was present, both in soln- tion and also in suspension in an exceedingly fine state of division. The results show that this rain was charged with wind-borne dust, which in the specimen examined was a marly and ferruginous clay, mixed with organic refuse, perhaps of animal, as well as vegetable, origin; the calcareous matter had mainly dissolved in the water, which contained carbon dioxide, whilst the argillaceous and siliceous portions were carried in suspension, This composition is just such as might be expected in dust blown irom the Jurassic and Cretaceous drift of Wessex roads and lanes. It is, therefore, not necessary to assume that the dust was conveyed either from remote regions or across the sea, and there are good grounds for suppos-ing that, if a series of analyses had been made of the rain and sediment from different places, the figures would have reflected in some degree the local characteristics of the soils and subsoils of areas situated at a distance of a few miles, or even less, immediately to the westor south-west of those places.In n marly district, the ratio of 103 calcareous matter to clay and silica would be high; where loam pre- vailed, fine siliceous sand would predominate ; further west, felspar crystals and ferro-magnesian minerals would abound, possibly with less organic matter ; from highly cultivated tracts, pollen granules might arise, and so on.Ashbury is situated partly on the Upper Greensand and partly on the chalk, and in the vicinity there are extensive areas of clay and chalk. An analysis by Mr. R. A. Earp (iliaitwe, 1903, 6’7,414) of matter deposited by the rain, which fell on the same day at Buckfastleigh, Devon, showed that the sediment there contained less silica and more organic matter than the deposit examined by the author. DISCUSSION. Dr. H. R. MILLsaid that he was investigating the fall of dust on February 28nd from a meteorological point of view in conjunction with Mr.Lempfert of the Meteorological Office, and Mr. Clayton’s theory of the local origin of the dust would be tested before long by the examination of fifty specimens obtained from rainfall observers and others in many parts of England and Wales and some places abroad, this work having been undertaken by the Geological Siirvey. The magnitude of the dust-fall made it difficult to accept this hypo- thesis without very strong proof. In the south of England and in Wales, the dust, which was remarkably uniform in appearance, had fallen either dry or in rain over a space of 300 miles from west to east and 200 miles from south to north, whilst traces had occurred at intervals over the whole area of the British Isles from Scilly to Shet- land.The fact that similar dust was observed on the same day over the greater part of the Channel Isles, Belgium, and Holland, and at many places in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, as well as in the North Atlantic, whilst dust-storms prevailed off the coast of Africa, made a common origin seem very probable, and perhaps this mas a case of far-travelled, wind-borne dust. 54. “The absorption spectra of nitric acid in various states of concentration.” By W. IT. Hartley. Photographs have been obtained of the spectra of nitric acid in eight different states of concentration, varying from 89.6 per cent. of HNO, (sp. gr. 1.490 at 15’) to 20.31 per cent. (sp. gr. 1.127 at 15”). Acid of sp. gr. 1,490 transmits a very short spectrum, which is greatly lengthened by dilution. The acid of sp.gr. 1.432 (72.57 per cent.) trans- mits a longer spectrum than the 20.31 per cent. solution, but this is -shortened on dilution ; in like manner, weaker acids down to that of sp. gr. 1.127 behave in the same way, but here the dilute solution trans- mits a spectrum nearly as long as the strong acid. From this point on- wards, an absorption band makes its appearance. If water acted simply as a diluent, dilution would cause an increase in the length of the trans- mitted spectra which would be proportional to the quantity of water added. There is evidently some chemical action between the water and the acid, but this action with acid of sp. gr. 1.490 is different from that with acid of sp.gr. 1.432 or any less concentrated acid. Hence it is probable that in strong nitric acid, the molecule is either polymerised to n(HN0,) or resolved into a compound of the nature of N,05,H,0. The acid of sp. gr. 1,490 might be represented either as a mixture, N,O,,H,O + H,NO,, or as a compound, H,N,O,,H,O. The weaker solutions of the acid probably contain hydrates. Evidence is afforded that the strong acid contains two different substances, one of which acts on caustic lime whilst the other does not. 55. ‘‘Salts of an isomeric mercaptoid form of thioallophanic acid, and a new synthesis of alkyl iminothiocarbamates.” By A. E. Dixon. By heating ethyl chlorocarbonate with phenylthiourea on the water-bath in presence of benzene, carbon dioxide was expelled and a yellow syrup formed, the latter being the hydrochloride of Bertram’s (Bey., 1892,!25,55) ethyl iminophenylthiocarbamate, NPh:C(NH,)*SEt or NHPh-C(NH)*SEt: -NHPh*C(NH)*SH+ EtO*COCl = CO, + NHPh*C(NH)*SEt,HCl.With methyl chlorocarbonate, under like conditions, the hydrochloride of methyl iminophenylthiocarbamate was obtained. p-Tolylthiourea and methyl chlorocarbonate yielded the hydrochlor-ide of methyl imilno-p-tolyZthiocur6umute,NH(C,H,)*C(NH)*SMe,HCl, in long, white prisms melting at 154-155”; the corresponding base could only be obtained as an oil. From o-tolylthiourea, by heating with methyl chlorocarbonate, a syrupy hydrochloride was produced ; the corresponding free base, liberated by the cautious addition of alkali, crystallised from light petroleum in white lozenges melting at 101-102*.Methyl iminoallylthiocarbamate, NH(C,H,)*C(NH)*SMe, was not pre- cipitated by alkali from the aqueous solution of its hydrochloride ; the picrate formed yellow, hair-like needles melting at 149-150° (corr.). Thiocarbanilide, when heated with ethyl chlorocarbonate, affords a carbethoxy-derivative melting at 95O, which is non-basic and appears to have the constitution NHPh*CS*NPh*CO,Et (8eide1, J. p’. Chem., 105 1885, 32, 262); the methyl homologue crystallises from alGohol in white needles melting at 105'. Experiments conducted in the cold led to results entirely different from those just mentioned ; thus, methyl chlorocarbonate, when allowed to remain in contact with finely-powdered, monosubstituted thioureas, gradually reacted, without evolution of gas, to form addi-tive products ;these substances, which dissolved freely in water, yield- ing very acid solutions, proved to be hydrochlorides.By neutralising with alkali, or even by prolonged boiling of their aqueous solutions, the acid could be readily withdrawn, thereby leaving crystalline solids, sparingly soluble in water and melting, with decomposition, at relatively high temperatures. The following compounds of this class are described : IVethyl phenylthio- $-ullophanute, NHPh-C(NH)*S CO, Me, brilliant prisms, m. p. 166-167O (corr.) ; methyl p-tolylthio-$-allophccnute, NH(C7H,)*C(NH)*S*C0,Rle,flattened, white prisms, m. p. 175-176" (corr.) ; methyl o-tolylthio-$-allophanate, colourless prisms, m.p. 175-1 76" (corr.). Thiourea itself also affords, with chlorocarbonates, two distinct classes of derivatives. Ethyl thio-$-ullophanate, NH,*C(NH)*S*CO,Et, is formed when thiourea and ethyl chlorocarbonate are very cautiously warmed in presence of benzene or, preferably, absolute alcohol, or by adding carbonyl chloride, in toluene, to thiourea suspended in absolute alcohol ; its hydrochloride forms beautiful, transparent octahedra melting at 116-1 17" with effervescence, due to the escape of carbon dioxide; the fusion product, a viscid syrup which appears to be iden- tical with that obtained by heating thiourea with the chlorocarbonate, is the hydrochloride of ethyl iminothiocarbamate, NH,*C(NH)*SEt.Methyl thio-$-alZophanate, like the ethyl homologue, is readily soluble in water ;its hydrochloride forms a white, crystalline powder, which melts at 89-90° with effervescence and is thus converted into rnethgl iminothiocaybamate hydrochloride, NH,*C(NH)*SMe,HCl;this product, when obtained by heating thiourea and methyl chlorocarbonate in presence of benzene, separates as an oil, which subsequently changes to a crystalline solid melting at 59-60O. Both this and the corre-sponding ethyl derivative give mercaptan with cold alkali hydroxides, and yellow precipitates with alkaline lead and silver salts; the thio-$- allophanic compounds, on the other hand, yield no mercaptan with alkali, and are simply desulphurised by treatment with the metallic salts.106 56. Derivatives of 0-aminoberizophenone and p-aminobenzo- phenone." By F.D.Chattaway. Considerable quantities of o-aminobenzophenone and y-aminobenzo- phenone having been prepared in an investigation of the transforma- tion of dibenzanilide into these substances (this vol., 57), a number of their nitrogen halogen derivatives have been studied. These are formed by the action of aqueous hypochlorous or hypobromoes acid on the acylaminobenzophenones dissolved in alcohol, but in order to obtain products that can be crystallised it is necessary to work at a low tem- perature and to guard carefully against any liberation of free halogen. The nitrogen halogen derivative can be extracted with chloroform and recrystallised from light petroleum or a mixture of this and the pre- ceding solvent.Acetyl-o-clzloroaiizinobenxoplbenone,Ph*CO*C6H,*NC1Ac, colourless, flattened prisms with domed ends, m. p. 102' ; acet?/Z-o-bi.ontoccmi?ao-benaophenone, Ph*CO*C,H,*NBrAc, short, transparent, yellow prisms, m. p. 121";p-ropionyl-o-chloroawainobenzophenofie,Ph* CO*C6H,*NCl*COEt, cliisters of colourless, flattened prisms, m. p. 107' ;propionyl-o-bromo-ainirnobenxoiulzenone, clusters of yellow plates, m. p. 90' ;benxoyl-o-chloro-aminobenxophenone, Ph*CO*CGH,-NC1*COPh,colourless, rhombic plates, m. p. 95'. Acetyl-p-cldoi-ourninobenaophenone,groups of colourless, slender, flat- tened plates, m. p. 124' ; acetyl-p-bi*omoaminobenxophenone,groups of pale yellow, six-sided plates, rn.p.151'; prolYion?lZ-p-urninobenxo~?~enone, colourless, elongated plates, m. p. 139' ;propionyl-p-c~~Zo~~o~m~~~oben~o-p?benone, colourless, flattened prisms, m .p. 129'; yropion?/l-p-bromoa.nzino-benxophenone, Ph*CO*C,H,*NBr*COEt, pale yellow plates, m. p. 123" ; be.l~xoyl-p-chloi.oa~~ainoben~o~~eno~e,cliisters of colourless plates, m. p. 107' ; beiaxogl-p-bvornoacminobenxophenone, clusters of yellow, rhombic plates, m. p. 93'. The transformation which occurs when these substituted nitrogeii chlorides and bromides are heated above their melting points is accompanied by considerable decomposition, and dark, impiire products are obtained. When the compounds are dissolved in acetic acid and warmed, the halogen passes from the nitrogen into the ring in the usual manner.57. "Action of caustic alkalis on cinnamic acid dibromide and its esters." By J. J. Sudborough and K. J. Thompson. Good yields of a-bromocinnamic and a-bromoallocinnamic acids may be obtained under suitable conditions by the action of caustic alkalis on 107 cinnamic acid dibromide and its esteias. The relative amounts of the two acids produced depend mainly on the employment either of the acid dibromide or of an ester, and, to a less extent, on the alkali and the solvent; the yield of a-bromo-acid (m. p. 131‘) is always greater when an ester is employed. In no case has it been found possible to obtain only the normal product, namely, a-bromoccllocinnamic acid.The two acids are readily separated by the aid of their barium salts. A bye-product often obtained is o-bromocinnamene, CHPh:CHBr, and this appears to be a primary decomposition product of the acid di- bromide, and is therefore not obtained indirectly from one or the other of the a-bromo-acids, as stated by Barish. The addition of bromine to ethyl cinnamate and the transformation of the cello-acid into the a-bromo-acid have also been studied. ‘I58. The composition of Caro’s acid.” By T.S. Price. Armstrong and Lowry (Yroc. Roy. SOC.,1902, 70, 94) have shown that, in dilute solution, Caro’s acid is to be represented either by the formula H2B204,assuming that the acid is dibasic, or by H,SO, if the compound is regarded as monobasic.Since this conclusion is opposed to the results formerly obkained by the author (Ber., 1902, 35, 292), a new series of experiments on the increase of acidity has been under- taken, ad the revised data now agree with the results of these investigators, although the method employed in the author’s experi- ments was less accurate. The increase in acidity was formerly estimated by means of barium hydroxide solution, but Caro’s acid, when neutralised by this alkali, is decomposed, 1 mol. of H,S,O, giving rise to 2 mols. of H,SO,, so that the actual increase is twice the calculated quantity, If sodium hydroxide is employed, the acid is not decomposed, and the normal increase in acidity is indicated. This difference in the behaviour of the two alkalis is also suggested by a determination of the ratio of iodine equivalent to increase in acidity, the mean values found being 4.74 and 2.75 for sodium hydr- oxide and barium hydroxide respectively. The deviation from the corresponding theoretical numbers (5.18 and 2.59) is probably due to experimental errors.108 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. Mulder, Genardus Jonnnes. Bijdragen tot de geschicdenis van het scheikundig gebonden water (being Beycle stuk, dewZe dsel of 8cheikundige verhandelingen en ondemoekingen). Rotterdam 1864. From Prof. Tilden, F.R.S. Holleman, Arnold Frederick. A text-book of inorganic chemistry, rendered into English with the cooperation of the author by Hermon C. Cooper. ill. New York and London 1902. From the Publishers.Armsby, Henry Prentiss. The principles of animal nutrition with special reference to the nutrition of farm animals. New York and London 1903. From the Publishers. Chemical Technology or Chemistry in its applications to arts and manufactures, with which is incorporated Richardson and Watts' Chemical Technology. Edited by Charles Edward Groves and William Thorp. Vol. 111. Gas lighting, by Charles Hunt. ill. London 1900. From the Publishers. Chemical Technology or Chemistry in its applications to arts and manufactures, with which is incorporated Richardson and Watts' Chemical Technology. Vol. IV. Edited by William Joseph Dibdin. Electric lighting, by A. G. Cooke, Photometry by William Joseph Dibdin. ill. London 1903. From the Publishers.Sprengel, Hermann. The discovery of picric acid (Melinite, Lyddite) ('as a powerful explosive " and OF cumulative detonation with its bearing on wet guncotton. Second edition. London 1903. From the Author. Hoff, Henricus Jacobus van't. Vorlesungen uber theoretische und physikalische chemie. Zweites Heft. Die chemische Statik. 2nd ed. ill. Braunschweig 1903. From the Author. 11. By Purchase. Buchner, Eduard, Buchner, Hans, and Hahn, Martin. Die Zymase-garung, Untersuchungen uber den Inhalt der Hefezellen und die biologische Seite des Carungsproblems. Munchen 1903. Lassar-Cohn, -. Arbeitsmethoden fur organisch-chemische Laboratorien, ein Handbuch fur Chemiker, Mediziner, und Pharma- zeuten. 3rd ed. Hamburg 1902. Vogl, August Emil.Die wichtigsten vegetabilischen Nahrungs- und Genuss-mittel, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der mikro- 109 skopischen Untersuch iiug auF ihre E :h thei t, i hre Yerunreinigungen und Verfalschungen. ill. Berlin 1899. Friihling, Robert, Anleitung zur Untersuchung der fur die Zucker- industrie in betracht kommenden Rohmaterialien, Produkte, Neben- produkte, und Hilfssubstanzen. 6th edition. ill. pp. xxi-505. Braunsch weig 1903. Lindner, Paul. Atlas der mikroskopischen Grundlagen der Garungskunde mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der biologischen Betriebskontrolle. 111 Tafeln mit 418 Einzelbildern. Berlin 1903. Borchers, Wilhelm. Das neue Institut fur Metallhuttenwesen und Elektrometallurgie an der koniglichen technischen Hochschule xu Aachen (Abschnitt.Elektrische Messinstrumente). Halle 1903. Borchers, Wilhelm. Elektro-Metallurgie des Nickels. ill. (being part of Bd. VI. Monographien uber angewandte Elektrochemie. Halle 1903. Roesler, Leonhard. Mittheilungen iiber die Arbeiten der K.K. chemisch-physiologischen Versuchs-station fur Wein- und Ostbau zu Klosterneuburg bei Wien bis Ende Juli 1902. Heft. VI. ill. Wien u. Leipzig 1902. Glasgow. Corporation Water Works. Reports on the supply of water to the city. 1853-1855. At the next ordinary meeting, on Wednesday, April 22nd, at 5.30 p.m., tbere will be a ballot for the election of Fellows, and the following papers will be communicated : “The velocity and mechanism of the reaction between potassium ferricyanide and potassium iodide in neutral aqueous soluticn.” By F.Q. Donnan and R. de Rossignol. “ A microscopic method of determining molecular weights.” By G. Barger.‘‘Note on the spectrum of pilocarpine nitrate.” By W. N. Hartley.‘<Isomeric change of dipropionanilide into propionyl-p-aminopropio-phenone.” By F. D. Chattawsy. 110 CER,TI.FICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. ‘IN.B.-The names of those who sign from General Knowledge ” are printed in italics. The following Candidates have been proposed for election. A ballot will be held on Wednesday, April 22nd, 1903. Adshead, Henry Guest, Heysham, Wimbledon Park, Wimbledon. Analytical Chemist. Analytical Chemist and Assayer. Four years assistant to Mr. Leo Taylor, F.I.C., Public Analyst.Pour years chief assistant to Mr. J. P. Norman, F.C.S. Gas Examiner under the London County Council. John P. Norman. J. H. Coste. Charles Watson. Otto Hehner. Frank Clowes. H. Izoycd Dawson. R. Grimwood. Arthur J. Xtarey. Alton, William Lester St. John, Dungarvan, Putney Heath, S.W. Chemical Student. Associate of the Institute of Chemistry. Student at University College, Gower Street, W.C. I desire the publications of the Society. William Ramsay. Edward C. Cyril Baly. J. Norman Collie. Norris W. Travers. F. G. Donnan. Atkinson, Harford Montgomery, 32, Bagnall Road, Milton, Staffordshire. Chemist to the British Aluminium Co., Ltd. (Milton Works). Studied Chemistry at University College, Aberystwyth, and graduated 111 B.Sc., London Univ.Worked for two years at Gottingen Univ. under Prof. Wallach, and gained the Dr. degree with a Thesis entitled “ Beitrlige zur Kenntniss der Oxaline.” Worked for the British Aluminium Co. at Lame and Milton. Arthur W. Warrington. Edgar Neumann. H. Lloyd Snape. J. Alan Murray. J. J. Sudborough. H. I-’. Belt. Bibby, R. Gordon, New College, Oxford. Studying Chemistry for Final Honour Schools, Oxford, and proposing to read for the Bar. William Odling. J. E. Marsh. W. W. Fisher. H. L. Bowman. John Watts. Henry A. Miers. Y. H. Veley. A. F. Walden. Blackshaw,George Neville, Agricultural College, Aspabria, Cum berland. Lecturer in Chemistry. Graduate (B.Sc.) of the University of Wales.Since Jauuary, 1902, Lecturer in General and Agricultural Chemistry at the Agricultural College, Aspatria, Cumberland. Alexander Lauder. John Frank Blackshaw, John Golding. Chapman Jones. M. J. h‘. Bunstan. Calvert, Harry Thornton, West Riding of Yorkshire Rivers Board. Chief Chemical Assistant to West Riding of Yorkshire Kivers Board. Joint author of various papers in Proc. and Trans. Chem. Soc., 1896, 1898, 1900, 1901. Author of I‘ Die Dielectricitatsconstante des Wasserstoffsuperoxyds ” (Annalen der Physik, 1900, 4, I, p. 483) ; (‘Die Alkalisalze des Hydroperoxyds ” (Zeitschr. f. &is. Chenz., 38, 5, 1901, p. 513), &c. Late 1851 Exhibition Scholar (189s-1901). Late Demonstrator in Chemistry at the Yorkshire College, Leeds.B.Sc. (Vict.) Hons. in Chemistry. Ph.D. (Leipzig University). A.I.C. Arthur Smithells. I. Patchett. J. B. Cohen. H. M. Dawson. A. TurnbulI. Thomas Fuidey. Gaudwell, Ben, 28, Wigfull Road, Sheffield Student. B.A .(London), 1895. Have been Schoolmaster (secondary). 112 At present studying Chemistry at University Collego, Sheffield. Am desirous of obtaining the publications of the Society. W. Carleton Williams. Percy P. Phillips. George Young. Ernest Wit6am. William H. Oates. S. Irwin Crookes. Divine, Thomas, 11, Spencer Place, Roundhay Road, Leeds. Medical Practitioner. M.B., C.M. (Glasgow). Student of Chemistry, Glasgow University, and at Yorkshire College, Leeds. Interested in Public Health, and desirous of keeping in touch with Chemical Investigation.T. Stratford Logan. H. D. Dakin. H. M. Dawson. J. B. Leathes. R.H. Adem Plimmes-. Eastwood,Arthur William, Newton College, S. Devon. B.A. (Camb.). Teacher of Chemistry at above College. Desirous of obtaining the literature of the Society. F. W. Dootson. R. H. Adie. K. C. Browning. 1". B. Wood. H.A. Berry. Edgerton, John Percy, 39, White Hart Lane, Barnes, S.W. Analytical Chemist, Assayer, and Gas Examiner. I was Assistant for three years to Leo Taylor, Esq., F.I.C., Public Analyst and Assayer; for 1 year in the laboratory of the Sheffield United Gas Light Co.; for 34 years to W. C. Young, Esq., F.I.C., F.C.S., Public Analyst. I am Gas Examiner under the cLondon Council; to the Urban District Council of Sunbury-on-Thames, and to the Brentford Gas Co.John T. Sheard. J. H. Coste. John W. Heath. Vivian 13. Lewes. Robert N. Lennox. James D. Kettle. R. Grimwood. E.T.Shelbourn. Frank Clowes. Wm. Jno. Livingston. Fletcher, Alan, 132, Holland Road Kensington, W. Research Chemist. For three years student in Chemical Depart- 113 ment at Royal College of Science. Now Chemist in the laboratory of Messrs. Oppenheimer, Son, and Co. William A. Tilden. H. Burrows. W. Palmer Wynne. G.T. Morgan. M. 0. Forster. (2. S. Newth. Gough,Henry, c/o John Lovibond and Sons, Limited, Greenwich, S.E. Brewer and Analyst. Have obtained the Hons. Certificate and also the 1st Prize and Silver Medal of the City and Guilds for brewing.Have passed examinations in chemistry under the Board of Educa-tion. A student for three and a half years in the Brewing Depart- ment of the Manchester School of Technology. A former student in the Manchester Grammar School, William J. Pope. F. S. Sinnatt. Jas. Grant. S. J. Peachey. L. G. Radcliffe. Francis Jones. Howsam, George, School of Science, Art, and Technology, Peterborough. Lecturer in Chemistry, School of Science, Art, and Technology, Peterborough. Inter. B.Sc., London, First Division. Been for three pears in the Laboratory with the Public Analyst of Borough and County Soke of Peterborough. m7illiam Elborne. Chapman Jones. James C. Philip. John B. Coppock. W. Palmer Wy.nne. Jones, Alfred Owen, 18, Queen’s Gardens, Tetherdown, Muswell Hill. Student of Chemistry for three years at University College.Tuffnell Scholar. Am leaving College to take up a position a6 Works Chemist, and wish to keep informed as to the progress of Chemical Science. Edward C. Cyril Baly. Morris W. Travers. William Ramsay. J. Norman Collie. Samuel Smiles. Kerr, James Stewart, The Grove, Ladywood Road, Birmingham. Science Teacher. A.R.C.Sc. (London) in Chemistry. Formerly Science Teacher at Whitehead Road, Birmingham. Science Master, 114 Methodist; College, Belfast. Have done, and am doing, work on the bleaching of farinaceous foods. W. Palmer Wynne. G. T. Morgan. M. 0. Forster. J. C. Philip. Chapman Jones. Kirkby, William, Winster House, Thornfield Road, Heaton Moor, Stockport.Analytical Manufacturing Chemist. Lecturer in Pharmacognosy in the Owens College for eleven years. Joint author of ‘‘Arsenical Poisoning in Beer Drinkers.” Author of “ The Evolution of Artificial Min era1 Waters. ” Wyndham R. Dunstan. W. H. Perkin, jun. Harold B. Dixon. G. H. Bailey. W. A. Bone. Lock,John George Collcutt, 17, Bernera Street., Oxford Street, W. Engineering Chemist. In evening class two hours a week during six months studying Metallurgy at King’s College, and at present engaged at Metallurgical work. Desirous of obtaining best current chemical literature and use of Reference Library. A. K. Huntington. H. A. Thiersch. Arthur C. Claudet. Fmncis If. Caw. c. H. Desch.Pond,George Gilbert, State College, Pennsylvania, Professor of General Chemistry, Pennsylvania State College. Student at Amherst College, 1878-81 ;Student at the University of Goettin-gen, 1881-82 ; Instructor in Chemistry, Amherst College, 1883-88 ; Received degree M.A., Amherst ColIege, 1884; Student at the Uni-versity of Goettingen, 1 semestre, 1885; Professor of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State College, 1888; Received degree, Ph.D., Amherst College, 1889; Student at the University of Berlin, 1893-94; Dean of the School of Natural Science, The Pennsylvania State College, 1896.- Jas. Lewis Howe. F. P. Venable. Chas. Baskerville. Leonard P. Kinnicutt. Clifford Richardson. Pitt, Arthur Ernest, 66, Abbott Road, Bromley, E. Chemist. Studied Chernistxy and Allied Subjects for 6 years at 115 the East London Technical College under Professor J.T. Hewitt, being for some time his private assistant. Recipient OF two Special Grants from London County Council for Research Work. For 2* years Chemical Assistant to F. W. Mott, M.D., F.K.S., at the London County Asylum’s Pathological Laboratory at Claybury. At present Research Chemist in Messrs. W. J. Bush & Co.’s Laboratory, Hackney, E. Joint Author in the following communications : ‘‘ Phenetol azo-phenols ” (Proc, Citem. Xoc., June, 1897). ‘‘Ueber die Snlz-und IIydrat-Bildung der Azophenole ” (Ber. deut. Chem. Ges. Bd,, 31). ‘(The Condensation of Oxalic Acid and Resorcinol ” (Trans. Chem. Xoc., 1899). Edgar S.Barralet. de Bush. J. T. Hewitt. 0.J. Silberrad. J. McCwce. Pitt, Harold Russell, 8, Church Lane, Charlton, S.E. Chemist. Second Assistant Chemist and Metallurgist in Royal Laboratory Department, Woolwich Arsenal. In laboratory of H. H. Smith, Esq., F.T.C., for twelve years. Lecturer in Chemistry at Dartford Technical Institute. Assistant lecturer in Department of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Woolwich Polytechnic, under J. B. Farlie, Esq., F.C.S. Pupil of J. B. Farlie, Esq., F.C.S., in Rtoyd Arsenal and Polytechnic Science Schools. J. 13. Earlie. W. Lambert. R. J. Redding. W. Kellner. A. K. Muncley. W.H. Deering. T.H. Dodd. Porter, Robert James, 11, Arlington Street, Hu11. Schoolmaster. Successes : Board of Education, Honours Theor. Inorg.Chem. and Honours at Inter. Sc. (Lond.). But chiefly I wish to keep up to date in knowledge of recent work in all branches of Chemistry. Pras. A. Drake. Thomas Luxton. Thos. A. Nightscales. Arthur Brooke. W. H. Templeman. Robertson, Frederick, The Hewan, Bearsden, Glasgow. Analytical Chemist, 128, Wellington Street, Glnsgow. Formerly Assistant Chemist, Anderson’s Medical School, Glasgow. Lecturer 116 in Chemistry, Western Medical School, Glasgow. Analytical Chemist and Assayer. Edmund J. Mills. Thomas Gray. W. Shepperson. G. G. Henderson. James Robson. Robinson, Archibald Louis, 40, Trinity College, Dublin. Student. First Scholar in Experimental Science (Dub. Univ.). Senior Moderator and Large Gold Medallist in Experimental Science (Dub.Univ.). B.A. (Dub. Univ.). J. Emerson Reynolds. Wm. Cecil Ramsden. Emil A. Werner. Richcwd J. Moss. W. E.Adelzey. Room, Fitzroy Owen Jonathan, Marlow, Oxford Road, Bournemouth, and 49, Hill Street, May- fair, W. Electrical Engineer. Associate of Institution of Electrical Engineers. Passed Examination Advanced Chemistry, Science and Art Dept. Assistant Electrical Engineer, Corporation of Bournemouth. Am anxious to keep myself abreast of the modern developments of Physical Chemistry, particularly that bearing on Electricity, to obtain the Journal of the Society, and attend its meetings. Hugh Erat Harrison. S. Russell Wells. W. J. Cousins. M. 0. Forster. Frank E. Weston. Sawdon, Ernest William, B.Sc., 2, Esk Terrace, Whitby.Science Master in Friends’ School, Saffron Walden, Essex. Have been engaged in teaching since September, 1898. Bachelor of Science (Victoria), 1898. Educated Owens College (1895-1 898). Harold B. Dixon. D. L. Chapman. W. H. Perkin, jun. Norman Smith. E. D. Walrond. G. H. Bailey. W. A. Bone. Siddle, George. Middleton-One-Row, R.S.O. Analytical Chemist. 20 years’ experience in Analytical work in 117 Iron and Steel Works, Chemical and Smelting Works, and in Manufacturing Chemistry. J. E. Stead. G. H. Saniter. H. Frankland. C. V.Ridsdale. John Puttinson. Stevens, Montague White, 2, Richmond Place, Lillie Road, London, S.W. Assistant Chemist with Messrs. Stanger and Blount of Broadway, Westminster. 34 years as a Student at Royal College of Science, London, chiefly in Chemistry. A.R.C.Sc.in Chemistry (June, 1902), A.I.C. (Jan., 1903). William A. Tilden. G. T. Morgan. M. 0. Forster. H. Eurrows. Chapman Jones. J. C. Philip. W. Palmer Wynne. Stevenson,Henry Edward, 5, Turner’s Road, Bow, London. Chemist. For six pars a student; at the East London Tech. Coll., part of the time as private assistant to the Professor, Dr. Hewitt, For two years chemist in Messrs. G. Clark & Son’s Sugar Works. Now engaged as a research chemist in the laboratory of Messrs. W. J.Bush dt Go., Manufacturing Chemists, Hackney. Joint author of the following papers : (1) The Three Chlorobenzeneazosalicylic Acids (Tvans., J.C.X., 1896).(2) Ueber einige von Wroblewski’s Brompara- toluidin (Ber.,1898). (3) Die Einwirkung von a-Naphthylamin auf Bromtoluolazosalicylsaure (Ber.,[18981, 29). (4) Notiz iiber Azophenin (Ber., 1898). Edgar S. Barralet. de Bush. J. T. Hewitt. 0 J. Silberrad. J. McC1mae. Welsford, Gilels Hadden, 6, The Orchard, Blackheath, S.E. Advanced Student of Chemistry. Now working in the Research Laboratory, at the Central Technical College, South Kensington, under Prof. H. E. Armstrong. Henry E. Armstrong. T. Martin Lowry. Gerald T. Moody. Edward W. Lewis. William A. Davis. William Robertson. 118 Wilkinson, JamesBateq M.D., G.M., D.P.H., Town Hall, and 6, Edward Street, Oldham. Medical Officer of Health, Oldham County Borough. Superintendent to Oldham Sewa,ge Works.Consulting M.O.H., Hunts. County Council. Two years in laboratory of F. E. Dembski, B.,4., late Public Analyst, Stamford, St. Ives, and Huntingdon. Six months’ Laboratory Prac-tice, Owens College, Manchester. Director and Supt. of Chemical Laboratory at the Oldham Sewage Works for the past four years. James Robt. Kaye. Gilbert J,Fowler. Samuel Rideal. A. S. Wylie. TVilZiana. T.Ruvgess. Wood,William Francis John, Hazelhurst, Doncaster Road, Barnsley. Chemist and Manager of Glass Works. B.Sc. London (1st division), now studying for 1st class honours B.Sc., view to D.Sc., London, under F. W. Richardson, F.I.C., of Bradford. 1st class Honours in S. and A. Practical Chemistry. Qualified Lecturer under County Council in Technical Instruction Classes in Chemistry, Physics, and Geology.Have lectured 3 years and at present -am doing so undor Barnsley Technical Instruction Committee in Electricity. Chemist and Manager of Borough Flint Glass Works, Barnsley. Three years student of F. W. Richardson, F.I.C., in his laboratories, Bradford, and my services were acknowledged in certain Papers. One-on Sulphites, Sdphides, Sulphate~, and Thiosulphates in J.8,C. 1. F. W. Richardson. Thomas Pairley. G. W. Slatter. Avreed H. AZZen. H. E. Aykroyd. R.A. Burrell. Worden, Edward Chancey, Millburn, New Jersey, U.S,A. Chemist. Graduate in Chemistry and in Pharmacy, University of Michigan. Chemist at the Government experiment station, Geneva, New York, 1896-97. Chemist for Boston Artificial Leather Go., Celluloid Zapon Co., and Messrs.Richards and Co., 12 E.18th Street, New York City and Rlillburn, N.J. Albert B. Prescott. E. G. Love. Clifford Richardson. R. A. Woodcock. Peter A, Austen. R. CLAY AND SONS, LTD,, BREAD ST. JIILL EX. AND BUWCAY, SUFFOLB.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9031900081
出版商:RSC
年代:1903
数据来源: RSC
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