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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 28, No. 404 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 28,
Issue 404,
1912,
Page 181-211
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. VOl. 28. No.404. Thursday, Jme 20th, 1912, at 5.30 p.m., Dr. M. ONSLOW FORSTER,F.R.S., Vice-president, in the Chair. Messrs. Bertram Lambert, Edgar A. Rayner, and J. W. Patter-son were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs.: Edwin John Amies, B.Sc., 10, Salisbury Road, Thorge Hamlet, Norwich. William Llewelyn. Bailey, Central Buildings, Matlock. Edmund Arthur Buckle, Beech Villa, Guest Road, Prestwich, Manchester. Ridsdale Ellis, B.Sc., 20, Queen’s Square, Bloomsbury, W.C. Arthur James Hale, B.Sc., 53, Gowrie Road, Lavender Hill, S.W. Archie Haydon, 55, Grove Lane, Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey. Edward Hope, M.Sc., Lockingstoops, Lowton, Newton-le-Willows.Herbert Carr Roper, 42, Cavendish Place, Newcastle-on-Tyne. A Certificate has been authorised by the Council for presentation to ballot under Bye-law I (3) in favour of Mr. Francis Maxwell, 77, Lawrie Park Road, Sydenham, and Credit Foncier, Mauritius, 182 A Ballot for the election of Fellows was held, and the following were subsequently declared duly elected : Thomas Allcock. Max Henius, P1i.D. Raymond Theodore Fred Barnett, B. Sc. Harold Heron. Charles James Vinall Bews, B. Sc. Edmnnd Haworth Holden, M.Sc. Cyril Douglas Birks. Edward Lewis James. William Henry Bowater. Edwin Oliver .James. Harry Brindle. William Jewell. Alfred Varlow Campbell. Thomas John Keenan. Arthur Fred Campbell, M.Sc. Harold Eric Kuntzen. Bamacharan Chatterji, M.A.Harold McKee Lnngton, B. 9c. Frank Lothian Cheshire. James Leslie Auld Macdonald, R.Sc. Leslie Melville Clark. Nadirshaw Adarji Masaui, M.A., B.8c. Bhupati Nath Daa, M. .4.,B. Sc. Pe'rcival Edward Meaclou, B. A. Gerard Irvine Davys, B.A., M.D., Frederick Jaines Meister. B. Ch., D. P. H. Robert Charles Menzies. George Cruden Dieffenthaller. Sidney Morgan. Jatindra Mohan Dutta, M.A. George Ernest Pearson. Donald MacEachern Fergnsson. Eric, Keightley Rideal, B.A. Alfred George Ernest Foster. William Daveridge Hamil ton Shaw., Madanlal Jekisandas Gajjar, M. A. E. sc. Michael Franc% Gallogly, U. A. Anakal Chandra Sircar, M. A. Robert Glegg, B.Sc. William ThBvenaz, D. 6s Sc. Leonard Harding. Williain Leonard Thomas. Harold Hartley, M.Sc. Percy Wharton Waters. Henry Medley Hatherly. George Mason Williams. Of the following papers, those marked * were read : "160. The formation of neon as a, product of radioactive change." 64 By Sir William Ramsay, K.C.B. The discovery that there is one hundred and eighty-eight times as much neon in the radioactive gas from the King's Well at Bath as in atmospheric air led to a repetition of experiments made by the author Some years ago with Mr. Alexander Cameron, in which it was shown that when niton decomposes in presence of water, neon is one of the products. This conclusion has been questioned; the presence of neon has been ascribed to leakage of air into the apparatus; and Mr. Soddy has shown that it is possible to detect by the use of a spectroscope, the neon separated from 0.2 C.C.of air. The author has now proved that a leakage of at least 4 C.C. of air into the bulb, or during the processes of separation, would be necessary in order to account for the quantity of neon found; and as a proof that air had not leaked in, argon was tested for in the gases, and was found to be practically absent. It is remarkable that although the water of the King's Well is fairly radioactive, neither free hydrogen nor free oxygen were 183 present in the gases bubbling out of the water. It is diilicult to account for this, in face of the presence of a relatively large proportion of helium in the gases ;the proportion is seventy-three times that normally present in air.DISCUSSION. Prof. TRAVERSsaid that some years ago, when he and Sir William Ramsay were searching for unknown inactive gases, they visited the Cauterets in the South of France, and collected samples of gas from several of the springs. The inactive fractions of these gases showed only the spectra of argon and helium. They were not, however, subjected to fractionation; and later, when the methods of dealing with liquefied gases had been worked out, and neon had been discovered, the samples had been lost. "161. An analysis of the waters of the thermal springs of Bath." By Irvine Xasson and Sir William Ramsay, K.C.B. Analyses were given of the gases escaping from these waters; they consist of carbon dioxide (36.0 c.c.), nitrogen (954 c.c.), . argon (7.263 c.c.), neon (2.334 c.c.), and helium (0.297 c.c.) per litre.There is no hydrogen or oxygen present. There is 0.78 times as much argon, 158 times as-much neon, and 73 times as much helium as there is in atmospheric air. The gas also contained niton in a million litres, in equilibrium with 33.65 milligrams of radium. An analysis was also given of the dissolved solids; the chief constituent is calcium sulphate, and it may be noted that lithium, strontium, and bromine are also present. There is also a trace of dissolved radium. DISCUSSION. Mr. CHAPMANsaid that he gathered from the authors that the ratio of iron to lime was much larger in the recent than in the ancient deposits, and suggested that if that were the case it would appear to indicate that the water had undergone some appreciable change in respect of its mineral constituents.Sir W. RAMSAYreplied that the surface formation was oolitic; but the water came from an unknown depth, and the nature of the rock was unknown. The nearest known deposits of pitchblende were in Cornwall, about 150 miles to the south-west. He also pointed out that persons with a delicate sense of smell had told him that the water had a faint odour of bleaching powder. Mr. MASSONsaid that comparison with two other analyses made during the past iorty years showed that the composition of the mineral content of the water varied considerably. 184 *162. ‘‘The colortr intensity of copper Salts.” By Spencer Umfreville Pickering.The colour intensity of copper in solutions of inorganic salts is practically a constant (taken as unity), and is unaffected by dilu- tion. In cupri-compounds it is about 19 with the strongest solu- tions of which accurate measurements can be made, and generally diminishes on dilution, but is sometimes constant. These two values are explained as applying to bivalent and quadrivalent copper respectively, and the variation in colour intensity of all copper salts can be explained by their solutions containing the normal salt or the cupri ”-form of it (with quadrivalent copper) in varying proportions. Both these forms have been isolated and examined in the case of the glycerate and racemate. Such a view harmonises with the results of electrolysis, and with the coloration of iron and manganese when their valency is altered.DISCUSSION. Dr. P. W. ROBERTSONsaid that the work of Hantzsch and his collaborators had shown that the only trustworthy method of measuring the colour of a solution was to determine the absorption in different parts of the visible spectrum by means of a spectral photometer; to establish optical identity it was necessary also to show that the absorption curves coincided in the ultraviolet. Cases were known where solutions differing appreciably in tint (the eye being extremely sensitive in certain portions of the spectrum), nevertheless gave on measurement absorption-coefficients practically the same; thSs was caused by a slight shifting of an absorption band.Other cases were known where solutions which appeared similar to the eye gave at the edge of the spectrum absorption- coefficients widely different; this was due to the appearance of a band just within the visual region. Finally, there were cases where a solution whtch obeyed Beer’s Law, that is, which had an absorp- tion-coefficient remaining the same on dilution, had a totally different colour when diluted or when examined in thin layers ; this phenomenon was due to the existence of a flat band near the centre of the visible spectrum. These facts indicated that the direct vision method of comparing colour must be used with considerable caution. Mr. PICKERINGsaid that objections existed to the spectroscopic method (Sidgwick and Tizard, Trans., 1908, 93,195), as well as to the use of the tintometer.Sidgwick and Tizard’s results estab- lished the practical identity of the blue coloration, and its practical independence of dilution in the case of the sulphate, chloride, 185 bromide, and nitrate, but some solutions of copper salts were not blue at all. The independence of dilution in the case of the sulphate now appeared to be absolute. That Sidgwick and Tizard’s results were affected by some source of error was shown by the fact that they indicated in the case of the organic salts a much higher value at infinite dilution than that actually realised now with very weak solutions. The change of valency of the copper atom without oxidation was similar to that recognised as occurring in the case of the halogens nitrogen, oxygen, etc.The group C?(OH), would not necessarily confer strong acidic properties any more than in the case of other hydrates. jc163. Nitrites of the mercurialkyl- and mercurialkylaryl-ammonium series. Part 11.” By Prafulla Chandra Ray, Nilratan Dhar, and Tincowry De. From the measurements of their electric conductivities it is found that mercurihexsmethylenetetra-ammonium and mercuri- ethylenediammonium nitrites belong to the ammonium type as they behave like the alkali nitrites. *164. (I Studies of dynamic isomerism. Part XIII. Camphorcarb-oxylamide and camphorcarboxypiperidide. An illustration of Barlow and Pope’s hypothesis.” By Walter Hamis Glover and ThomasMartin Lowry.The preparation of these two substances was described in a pre-liminary note in 1910 (FToc.,26, 162). By the slow evaporation of solutions in ethyl acetate, well-formed crystals have now been prepared. The amide is monoasymmetric : a :b :c =1.4736 :1 :1.7683 or 0.7368 :1 :0.8841 ; /3 =61°2/. The piperidide is orthorhombic and hemihedral : a :b:c= 1.5032 :1:2.4320 or 0.7516 :1:1.2160. Whilst there is only an approximate morphotropic relationship between these two compounds, a remarkable agreement is found to exist between the parameters of the amide and those of the less stable form of Forster’s a-benzoylcamphor, thus : Valency Ec luivalence volume. parameters. C,oH,,O ‘CO-NH, ............... 68 3.62’1 :4’923 : 4.352 C,,H,,O‘CO~C,H, ............92 3-658 :4.960 : 5.071 The significance of these relationships was discussed. “165. u Studies of dynamic isomerism. Part XIV. Successive isomeric changes in camphorcarboxglamide and camphorcarb- oxypiperidide.” By Thomas Miartin Lowry and Walter Hamis Glover. Well-formed crystals of camphorcarboxylamide, whether sepa-rated from ethyl acetate or from benzene, are almost inactive when freshly dissolved in alcohol or in benzene, but increase rapidly in rotatory power to [a]5461=looo in alcohol and 70° in benzene. The initial solubility of these crystals in heptan; does not exceed 0.24 gram per 100 grams of solvent, as contrasted with 0’38 gram for the minute crystals which separate from light petroleum. By similar methods the initial solubility of the piperidide is reduced from 2-06 to 1.64 grams per 100 grams of heptane.Both substances give rise to inflected mutarotation curves. These are too complex to be accounted for by two successive unimolecular changes, and point to the existence of three or more isomeric changes involving four or more isomeric forms of each substance. *166. ‘(The continuous fractional distillation of water.” By William Robert Bousfield. In accurate work on the conductivities of dilute aqueous solutions it is recognised that the water employed should approximately have a conductivity which is represented by Kl,=l x 10-6. In a former paper (Trans.,1905, 87, 740) the author described an apparatus by means of which water of this order of purity could be produced by continuous fractional distillation irom “tap water,” that is to say, the ordinary town-water supply. There were now described two forms of apparatus, constructed on the same principles, but simplified, and more easily managed.The first of these presents great advantages as a still for every-day use, yielding about 30 litres of water a day (working day and night), two-thirds of which has a conductivity of about 0.8, the remainder being distilled water of ordinary character. The foregoing result is produced without the use of chemicals. If a strongly alkaline solution of potassium permanganate is supplied with the feed-water at the rate of about 10 drops a minute, water of a slightly lower conductivity can be continuously produced.The other apparatus, which may be referred to as the three-bottle apparatus, is suited for the continuous redistillation of water under diminished pressure. By 187 the use of this apparatus, water having a conductivity of 0.5 may be continuously produced by the redistillation of the ordinary product of the first still. 167. “Studies on certain aliphatic hgdroxy-acids.” By Henry John Horstman Fenton and William Arthur Reginald Wilks. The authors are continuing the study of the oxidation of various organic substances in presence of ferrous iron as catalyst, and of the properties and relationships of the products. An account was given of (1) the transformation of oxalacetic acid into dihydroxy- maleic acid, (2) the isolation of bromo-oxalacetic anhydride (or bromo-hydroxynialeic anhydride), (3) the tautomeric dihydroxy-maleic esters, (4) ‘‘alciehyclo-glyceric” acid, and (5) the products obtained by condensation of these substances, and others, with carbamide.168. Formation of seven- and eight-membered rings from 2 :2-di-6‘ tolyl.” By James Kenner. In continuation of the work already described, on ring-formation with the aid of derivatives of 2:2/-ditolyl, it has now been found that the behaviour of ow/-dibromo-2:2l-ditolyl towards diethyl malonate and tetraethyl ethanetetracarboxylate is similar to that of o-xylyleiie dibromide (compare Kenner and Turner, Trans., 1911, 99,2107). Dibensocycloheptadienedicarboxylic acid, Y6H,*CH.2>C(C02%c6H4*cH forms prism which melt at 205O, and decompose into carbon dioxide and dibenzocycloheptadienemonocarboxylic acid, m. p. 157-5O; the methyl ester of the latter acid is a highly refractive, viscous liquid, b. p. 288@/181mm., and gradually solidifies to radiate masses of thin plates. Tetraethyl dibensocyclooctadienetetracarboxylate forms rhombic crystals, m. p. iO8O. The reactions of these and other derivatives from 2 :2l-ditolyl are under investigation. 169. Contributions to the chemistry of the terpenes. Part XIII. The preparation of pure bornylene.” By George Gerald Henderson and William Caw. The best method of obtaining bornylene in quantity is to decom- pose methyl bornyl xanthate, which is easily prepared from borneol, 188 by heating to a temperature not exceeding 200°, but the product contains a certain proportion of an isomeric terpene (either cyclene or camphene), and hitherto no satisfactory process of removing this impurity has been described.It has now been found that crude bornylene can be completely purified by treatment, under suitable conditions, with a limited quantity of hydrogen peroxide, and that the yield of the pure hydrocarbon is at least 60 per cent. of the original material. 170. The interaction of bromine and the sulphides of P-naphthol.”‘I By Thomas Joseph Nolan and Samuel Smiles. The interaction of bromine and the stable and unstable sulphidcs of &naphthol was described.The former yields 2 :6-di-bromo-@-naphthol, whilst the iatter furnishes dibromonaphtha-sulphoniumquinone, in which the substitution is homonuclear. The latter compound was also obtained by bromination of the sulphonium-quinone. It was concluded that the situation of the thio- and hydroxyl group in either sulphide is the same, and that the stable sulphide behaves as a true derivative of @-naphthol, whilst in the unstable sulphide the naphthalene nucleus behaves similarly to that in the sulphonium-quinone. Whether this peculiar behaviour of the latter compound is due to preliminary oxidation to the quinone will be decided by future experiments. 171. “The absorption spectra of some substances containing two benzene nuclei.” By John Edward Purvis and Nial Patrick McCleland.A description was given of the absorption spectra of solutions of some hydrocarbons, ketones, amines, and ethers consisting of two benzene nuclei united by a chain of other groups. The mutual effect on one another of the two benzene nuclei and other oscillation centres in the molecule was discussed. The bands observed in the vapour of anisole at various tempera- tures and pressures were also described, and compared with the solution bands. 172. The influence of the constitution of tertiary bases on the rate 6‘ of formation of quatera ary ammonium salts.” (Preliminary note.) By Ebenezer Rees Thomas. Although some investigations have been carried out on the rate of combination of a few tertiary bases with various alkyl haloids, no accurate measurements have as yet been made of the rate of 189 formation of quaternary ammonium salts from tertiary aromatic amines of the type C6H,*NXY.It was considered of interest to investigate the effect which the nature of tho groups X and Y would have on the rate of such a reaction. KO“ heterospasis ” or any such effect as Clarke describes (Trans.,1910, 97, 416) was observed with carefully purified reagents. The reaction was carried out at 40° with N/lO-absolute aTcohol solution, the quaternary ammonium bromide being esti-mated gravimetrically as silver bromide. The rates <k x lo3 given in each case) for dimethylaniline (1*076), diethylaniline (0-094), methylethylaniline (0*660), methylallyl-aniline (0-324) with allyl bromide have been determined.The results led to a, study of dimethyl-o-tohidine (0.0573), dimethyl-m-toluidine (1*42),p-bromodimethylaniline (0’284), quino-line (0.0584), isoquinoline (0*450), pyridine (0*40), and 2-methyl- quinoline (0.0324). In some cases the reaction-velocity for benzyl bromide was also determined, and was in nearly every case related to that for allyl bromide in the ratio of about 6: 1. The effect of unsaturation of the attached groups on the residual affinities of the tervalent nitrogen atom has also been studied. The indications as to the influence of the strength of the base on its reactivity are not of a very definite nature, any such effect being in many cases completely masked by steric hindrance. The investigation is being continued and extended.173. An easily adjustable vapour thermostat,” By James Fletcher and Daniel Tyrer. The authors described a vapour-bath which can be maintained constant with very little trouble to 0*005O, and can be fixed at any desired point (say, between 30° and 130O) with the greatest ease. In principle it consists of a pure liquid boiling under a constant and adjustable pressure, which is controlled and maintained constant by a very eficient manostat. Practically any liquid of suitable boiling point may be used. The boiling liquid is contained in the flask A (see diagram). The vapour passes into the compartment B, which may be of any particular form suitable; B also contains a thermometer, as shown.The vapour is then condensed in C, and returns as liquid to the boiling liask A. The end of the condenser C‘ is connected, as shown, with an air reservoir D, of about 10-20 litres capacity (the larger the size of this reservoir the greater is the efficiency of the apparatus), and then to the manostat E. The manostat being the most important part of the apparatus may be described at some 190 Jength, and for the sake of clearness has been drawn in the diagram on a rather large scale. The tube F is attached to an efficient water-pump. The degree of exhaustion is first roughly adjusted by allowing air to enter by the side-tube and pinch-cock G. The mercury rises into the bulb I1 out of the reservoir Z until the level reaches the end of the tube J, when it stops and remains constant.If it passes this point it closes off the rest of the apparatus from the pump, and as air is entering through the sidetube G the pressure illcreases and the level of the mercury in the manostat, falls again. As soon as the end of the tube J becomes uncovered, the pump again comes into play and rapidly reduces =FJ,-____li--7 M I' II + III, ii I: the pressure, causing the mercury level to rise again. When equilibrium is reached the level of the niercury remains constant, and a continual current of air and mercury passes up the tube J into the compartment I., from whence the mercury falls back into the bulb H by the tube L, and the air passes off through the pump.It will be clear that the difference in the levels of the mercury in N and I represents the pressure in the apparatus, and the adjustment of this pressure is made by merely altering the height of the reservoir. For the proper working of the manostat it is necessary to have a large air supply to draw from; otherwise the mercury level in H rises and falls irregularly. This is the purpose of the air reservoir D. -4lthough the level of the mercury in H may fluctuate 191 slightly, the pressure recorded by the manometer M remains perfectly constant. In order to raise the temperature in 23, the mercury reservoir Z is raised, and to lower the temperature it is merely necessary to lower I. For the efficient working of the apparatus attention must be paid to the following details: The reservoir should be shallow, so that if the vessel A-partly fills with mercury, as sometimes happens, the difference in the mercury levels in H and Z is not appreciably altered.The end of the tube J should be a narrow slit not wider than 0.5 mm., and bent horizontally. The width of this slit ensures that the greatest possible variation in the pressure is 0.5 mm., although the actual variation need not exceed 0.1 mm. In order to accelerate the initial exhaustion of the apparatus the tap T is provided as a by-pass, which at all other times must be closed. The connecting tubes should be of wide bore, so that the pressure at all parts of the apparatus is absolutely the same. The boiling liquid used must be pure, and must boil quietly without bumping.It is found that bumping is prevented, however low the pressure, by placing in the flask A a layer of mercury as indicated. It is better to boil the liquid over a small free flame shielded from draughts. If the efficiency of the water-pump varies considerably, and if it is desired to have a very constant temperature, it is better to use two manostats connected together with an air reservoir and air inlet tube between them. The tern- peratme can, however, be maintained constant to about O*0lo with one manostat. Change of the atmospheric pressure affects the constancy of the temperature, and to a smaller extent change of the room tempera- ture owing to the alteration in the density of the mercury.These influences must be obviated by personal observation and adjust- ment. If rubber stoppers are used, an alcohol should be employed as the boiling liquid, but with ground-glass connexions lubricated with glycerol-dextrose mixture any liquid can be used. For tempera- tures ranging from 30° to 65O the authors recommend methyl alcohol, from 40° to 70° ethyl alcohol or benzene, and for higher temperatures toluene or xylene. In experiments made with a Beckmann thermometer in B and with a double manostat, it was found that for short periods of time the temperature remained constant to O*O0lo. For longer periods the variation is greater, but so long as the atmospheric pressure remains unchanged the temperature remains constant to about 0*005O.192 This form of thermostat has many advantages over the usual Iargs water-bath. It is more quickly adjustable, and need not be left going for long periods of time, as it is only a matter of a few minutes to start it again. 174. 4‘ Contributions to our knowledge of semicarbazones. Part 1. Semicarbazones of phenyl styryl ketone.” By Isidor Morris Heilbron and Forsgth James Wilson. The authors have extended their investigations, of which a pre- liminary account has appeared (Proc., 1911, 27, 325). They find that phenyl styryl ketone is apparently capable of yielding four semicarbazones, two white and two yellow, and adduce reasons for regarding these forms as stereoisomerides, The absorption spectra of the various modifications have been investigated, and the effect of ultra-violet light on the different forms bas also been studied.175. “The essential oil of ‘Nepal sassafras’ or ‘Nepal camphor’ tree.” By Samuel Shrowder Pickles. The essential oil from the wood of the Indian tree Cinnamomum gZanduZiferum, Meissn, has been examined and found to have the following general characters : Dii: 1’1033; a: -0°4” (in a 1-dcm. tube) ;saponification value, 2.8 ;saponification value after acetyla- tion, 7.0. The oil is pale yellow, and possesses an odour resembling safrole with, however, a suggestion of anise. The yield obtained from the dried ground wood by steam distillation was 4.16 per cent. The oil is soluble in half its volume of 90 per cent.alcohol, and in five volumes or more of 80 per cent. alcohol. An exhaustive examination showed the oil to consist mainly of safrole, myristicin, and elemicin. Other constituents, present in small quantities, are palmitic acid (m. p. 62.5O), esters of the lower fatty acids, and traces of phenols. 176. “ The addition of hydrocyanic acid to derivatives of glutaconic acid and itaconic acid.” (Preliminary note.) By Edward Hope. In extending the application of the method employed for the synthesis of P-methyltricarballylic acid (Tram., 1912, 101, 899), the author has investigated the addition of hydrogen cyanide to the following substances : ethyl itaconate, ethyl teraconate, ethyl glutaconate, ethyl ay-dicarbethoxyglutaconate, ethyl ay-dicarb-ethoxy-a-methylglutaconate, and ethyl y-cyano-aP-dimethylgluta-conate.193 In the case of ethyl itaconate the reaction proceeds quantitatively with the production of ethyl y-cyanopropane-afl-dicarboxylate, CO,Et~CH,~CH(CO,Etj~CH,~CN,which boils at 171°/ 18 mm., and on hydrolysis gives an almost quantitative yield of tricarballylic acid. In the cases of ethyl teraconate and ethyl glutaconate, no appreciable addition of hydrogen cyanide has yet been observed to occur. Ethyl ay-dicarbethoxyglutaconatgand ethyl ay-dicarbethoxy- a-methylglutaconate readily combine with the elements of hydrogen cyanide, yielding esters of very high boiling point which probably possess the constitutional lormuh (I) and (11)respectively : (CO,Et),* CH*CH(CN)*CH(CO,Et), (I.1.. (C0,E t),*CMe*C'H( CN)*CH(CO,Et), (11.) The ester (I) on hydrolysis gives a large yield of tricarballylic acid and (11) an equally good yield of the isomeric a-methyltricarb- allylic acids. Ethyl y-cyano-afl-dimethylglutaconate readily combines with hydrogen cyanide with the production of ethyl ybdi'cyanoisopen-taiaa-fib-dicarhosylate, CH,-C'H (C0,Et) @Me (CN) C'H(CN) CO,E t, a viscid oil boiling at 200-206*/20 mm. The general behaviour of these additive products and of others prepared by similar methods is under investigation, and it is hoped that these compounds will afford methods for preparing many hitherto unavailable substituted tricarballylic acids. 177. The possible limitation of molecular magnitude.'' By Holland Crompton.No upper limit is usually assigned to molecular magnitude. E. B'ischer has synthesised a polypeptide with the molecular weight 1212, and in the case of colloids molecular weights of the order 104, and even 105, are commonly spoken of. A difficulty arises,, however, in admitting that molecular weights can exceed a, certain value, unless the density increases as the molecular weight increases. For suppose that a compound can exist, such as a protein, with a density at 0" not much greater than that of water, and with a molecular weight of rather more than 30,000, the gram-molecule of such a compound at Oo would occupy about 30,000 C.C. The gram-molecule of a perfect gas under the standard conditions occupies only 22,400 c.c., and we should therefore have a solid compound, at Oo and under a pressure that cannot be less than one atmosphere, occupying a greater molecular volume than that of any gas.I94 That the molecules of liquids and solids should occupy greater volumes than those of gases under similar conditions, seems at first contrary to the usual conceptions of the gaseous, liquid, and solid states. It is true that at sufficiently low temperatures this condition must arise for all substances, but a simple calculation shows that for the majority of chemical compounds it would only occur at temperatures not far removed from the absolute zero. Two suggestions appear to be indicated. The first is that under the ordinary conditions there is an upper limit to molecular magni- tude, a.nd that for most substances, more especially colloids, the molecular weight cannot exceed a value of about 20,000.The second is that our ordinary kineto-molecular conceptions no longer apply when for a given temperature the molecular rpagnitude exceeds a certain critical value. The latter view seems most in keeping with our present knowledge, and perhaps serves to throw some light on the behaviour of colloids. 178. ''The products of the oxidation of chloroacenaphthene with chromic acid.'' By Holland Crompton and Wilhelmina Rebecca Smyth. Chloroacenaphthene was dissolved in about ten times its weight of boiling acetic acid, and then treated with from three to five times its weight of sodium dichromate.A vigorous reaction takes place, which is complete in about fifteen minutes. Three products are always formed, namely, chloroacenaphthenequinone,dichloro-diacenaphthylidenedione, and chloronaphthalene-1 :8-dicarboxylic acid. The smaller proportion of dichromate favours the production of the first two, the larger proportion that of the third product. The yields are aJmost theoretical. The reaction product after being well washed with water is first boiled with a 10 per cent. solution of sodium carbonate to remove the chloronaphthalene-1 :8-dicarb-oxylic acid, and then heated with a concentrated solution of potassium hydrogen sulphite to extract the quinone. The residue after washing and drying is finally crystallised from xylene.C?~Zoroacenap;lL1hemequil7one, C,,H,O,Cl, is obtained from the potassium hydrogen sulphite solution by boiling this with sulphuric acid. It crystallises from acetic acid in yellow needles melting at 216O (corr.). The crystalline potassium hydrogen sulphite compound has the composition C,,E5O,C1,KHSO3,2R,0. Tt gives a colourless dioxinze with hydroxylamine, this compound gradually blackening 011 liea,ting, but having no definite melting point. With phenyl- hydrazine it gives a brilliant red monohydrazone, melting at 174O (corr.). No dihydrazone was obtained. 195 co coDicAlorod.iacena~ittl~~l~~e~edio~e,C,,H,CI<~=~_)C,,H,Cl, crystallises in small, orange-red needles melting at 325O (corr.), It is very sparingly soluble in alcohol, chloroform, or acetic acid, but fairly so in boiling xylene, from which it can be crystallised.On reduction with hydriodic acid it gives chloroacenaphthene. Chloronaphthslene-1 :8-dicarboxylic acid has been already de-scribed (PToc.,1908, 24, 241), but the melting point of the anhydride is found to be higher than that previously given, and should be 213c (corr.). Salts of this acid were prepared and ana.1 ysed. 179. “The influence of colloids and fine suspensions on the solubility of gases in water. Part 11. Solubility of carbon dioxide and of hydrogen.” By Alexander Findlay and Bacchok Shen. In continuation of the work of Findlay and Creighton (Trans., 1910, 97, 536), the authors have determined the solubility of carbon dioxide in solutions of ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, barium chloride, ferrous ammonium sulphate, sucrose, chloral hydrate, methyl-orange, peptone, propeptone, and hzemo-globin ; and of hydrogen in solutions of dextrin, starch, gelatin, ferric hydroxide, and a suspension of metallic silver.It is found that the solubility of carbon dioxide in solutions of the salts mentioned above and in solutions of sucrose and chloral hydrate is in harmony with Henry’s law, so that the behaviour found in the case of these solutions is different from that met with in the case of colloidal solutions. In the solutions of peptone, propeptone, and hzemoglobin the solubility of carbon dioxide is greater than in water, but decreases as the pressure is increased.This behaviour is explained on the basis of chemical combination. The solubility of hydrogen in sohtions of dextrin, starch, gelatin, ferric hydroxide, and in a suspension of finely divided silver is, with the possible exception of the solutions of gelatin, in harmony with Henry’s law. 180. “The chemistry of the aconitic acids. Part I. The labile modificationof aconitic acid and the hydroxy-anhydro-acid.” By Norman Bland and Jocelyn Field Thorpe. The structure of the hydroxy-anhydro-acid mentioned in a pre-liminary communicstion (this vol., p. 131) has been found to be that represented by formula (I), since it passes into the normal 196 anhydro-acid (11) when heated above its melting point, and yields itaconic anhydride (111) when heated at a higher temperature : SH*CO,H -vH*CO,H RH2$!---GO -+ (!H*CO -+ 7-co C€€:C( OH)>' -CH*CO>O CH$O>O (1:) ' (11.1 (111.) 51.p. 135". M. p. 76". The hydroxy-anhydro-acid is converted into normal aconitic acid (IV)by- hydration-with water, but yields labile aconitic acid (V) when hydrated by strong alkali or by dilute alkali in the presence of casein : -FH*CO,H 8-C0,H 8H--CO,H FH*CO,H 4-c;----co -+ Y*CO,H -CH*CO,K CH: C(0H)>o CH2*CO2H (IV.) (V.) M. 1). 191". M. p. 173". Derivatives of the hydroxy-anhydro-acid and of the labile acid were described. 181. '(The action of bromine on cholesteryl benzoate." (Preliminary note.) By Charles Dor6e and Charles Stotesbury. It was observed by Obermiiller (Zeitsch.physiol. Chem., 1891, 15, 42) that cholesteryl benzoate, when treated in the cold with a solution of bromine in carbon disulphidc, did not give the expected cholesteryl benzoate dibromide, C,,H4,0Br,*C7H,0 ; instead, a monobromo-subshituted derivative, C27H440BrC7H,0, melting at 138O was obtained. The authors, in repeating this, find that during the bromination only a very slight evolution of hydrogen bromide takes place, and that the product contains two substances which differ in solubility and crystalline form. The more soluble one crystallises from acetone in needles melting at 139O, and appears to be identical with the' derivative mentioned above. The other is very characteristic, crystallising in large (fre- quently 1 cm. long), clear, hexagonal prisms melting at 168O.The yield of this substance is increased if chloroform is used as the solvent. Analysis agrees with the formula C,,H4,0Br,*C7H,0, and the investigation is being continued in order to ascertain whether this compound is the hitherto unknown benzoate dibromide. 182. (( A theory of fluorescence." By Edward Charles Cyril Baly and Rudolf Krulla. In every compound formed by virtue of primary valencies alone, the secondary valencies of the atoms are unsaturated Every such 197 atom must therefore form the centre of a field of force, but the independent existence of these fields must be metastable, and they must condense together with the escape of free energy. Such condensed systems of force lines can be opened by the influence of a solvent and of light.The opening up takes place in stages, each stage absorbing definite light waves. On the basis of this conception was put forward a theory of fluorescence, and experi- mental evidence was given in favour of it. Certain substances were shown in one solvent to emit fluorescent light of the same wave- length as they absorb in a second solvent. 183. (( Chemical reactivity and absorption spectra. Part I.’’ By Edward Charles Cyril Baly and Francis Owen Rice. The authors have considered the condensed force fields which must exist around ths molecules of a compound, with regard to the phenomena of flugrescence (preceding abstract). With refer- ence to the question of their chemical reactivity, it is evident that the reactivity of these closed systems must be vanishingly small, and that no molecules can enter into any chemical reaction until these systems have been opened up.There must be, therefore, at least two stages in any chemical reaction, one in which the closed system is opcned up, and the other in which the reaction proper takes place. These two stages have been observed in the sulphona- tion of the benzene ring by means of absorption spectra, and tho absorption curves show the stages in the sulphonation of anisole, 0-and p-nitroanisole, quinol dimethyl ether, and other substances. 184. ‘‘ The wet oxidation of metals. Part 11. The rusting of iron ’’ (continued). By Bertram Lambert. The work published by the author and a collaborator (Trans., 1910, 97, 2426) on the corrosion of commercial forms of iron has been eriticised by Friend (“The Corrosion of Iron and Steel,” p.65), “ T. M. L.” (Nature, 1911, p. 25), and “H. E. A.” (Science Progress, 1911, 642). It is suggested (1) that all traces of carbonic acid had probably not been removed from the apparatus used; (2) that there is a serious objection to the use of quartz vessels, since the quartz might dissolve to a sufficient extent to play the same part as is usually attributed to carbonic acid by the supporters of the acid theory of corrosion; (3) that water prepared by distillation from strong solutions of barium hydroxide probably contains traces of carbonic acid. The experiments have been repeated with additional precautions and refinements which have been devised to test the validity of these objections.The results of the experiments go to show that the objections have no foundation in fact, and that it may be considered as established beyond any reasonable doubt that com- mercial forms of iron will always undergo corrosion when exposed to the action of water and oxygen, even in the complete absence of carbonic acid or any other acid. An electrolytic theory of the corrosion of iron, based on the differences in. solution tension of different parts of the metal, was discussed. Some further properties of pure iron were described, in parti- cular its behaviour towards solution of copper salts. Pure iron can be exposed to the action of saturated solutions of copper sulphate or copper nitrate at the ordinary temperature without copper being deposited on the iron, but exposure to extremely dilute solutions of copper chloride will cause the immediate deposition of copper on the iron.185. Colouring matters of the flowers of the Cedrela toona.” By Arthur George Perkin. These flowers, which constitute an Indian dyestuff of minor importance, yield a minute amount of a red, crystalline colouring matter, C,,H,,O,, identical with the nycanthin obtained by Hill (Trams., 1907, 91, 1501) from the flowers of Nycanthes arbor tristis. This melts at 285-287O, and not 234-235O, as given by Hill, and in dyeing and other properties closely resembles, but is not identical with, the bixin of annatto (Bixa orellanu).The presence of quercetin contaminated with a trace of an allied colouring matter as glucosides, and of a sugar, C,,H,,O,,, have also been detected, and to the former the main dyeing properties of the flowers appear to be due. 186. The so-called manganese trioxide.” (Preliminary note.) By Frederick Russell Lankshear. Franke’s ‘‘pink gas ” (J. pr. Chem., 1887, [ii], 36, 31, 166; Thorpe and Hambly, Trans., 1888, 53,175) is conveniently prepared by allowing a 6 per cent. solution of potassium permanganate in con- centrated sulphuric acid to drop into a well-cooled mixture of 1 part of sodium hydrogen carbonate with 4 parts of anhydrous sodium carbonate. The evolved gases are led into a tube cooled in liquid air, where a pink solid mass soon forms.When the carbon dioxide has volatilised from this, an amorphous solid 199 remains, which usually melts at about -6O. It effervesces with sodium carbonate, is free from sulphuric acid, and dissolves quietly in water to form a brownish-red solution, which, however, soon deposits manganese dioxide, leaving permanganic acid in solution. The pink substance is also formed by the action of moist air on the invisible gas given off by the solutions of potassium perman- ganate in sulphuric acid. This gas has been aspirated through a tube cooled in liquid air, and found to be manganese heptoxide, Mn,O,. Determinations of the water in the “pink gas ” give a mean ratio of about 15 molecules of water to 1 of manganese compound.The ratio of oxygen to manganese has been measured in two ways: by measuring the volume of oxygen and the weight of manganese dioxide (estimated as Mn30,) given on heating the pink substance, and by measuring the permanganic acid and the manganese dioxide produced (Chatard’s process) when the pink gas is blown into water. The former measurement gave a ratio O/MnO, of 1-25 to 1; the latter 1.24 to 1. There is thus more oxygen in the substance than required by the formula MnO,, and less than that demanded by Mn,07. In view of the facts that much water is present, that solutions of permanganate in sulphuric acid give off manganese heptoxide which forms the pink gas ” with moist air, and that the ratio of oxygen lies nearer that required by permanganic than by manganic acid, it must be concluded that the manganese-containing constituent of .Franke‘s “ pink gas ” is merely hydrated permanganic acid with varying quantities of lower oxides or hydroxides, so that the existence of the oxide MnO, still requires demonstration.187. Co-ordination compounds of vanadium.” (Preliminary note.) By Gilbert T. Morgan and Henry Webster Moss. Anhydrous vanadium trichloride reacts with acetylacetone in the presence of some reagent for removing hydrogen chloride to give rise to two acetylacetonates. Vanadium teracetyluce tona te, V [ <:! EEt>CH]B, is produced either by treating vanadium trichloride and acetylacetone in alcoholic solution with the calculated quantity of sodium ethoxide, or by adding aqueous sodium carbonate to a mixture of the trichloride, acetylacetone, and chloroform, when the product dis- solves in the organic solvent, and crystallises therefrom in trans- parent, yellowish-brown plates or prisms.The compound separates from alcohol or from acetylacetone in reddish-brown prisms; it melts at 265-266”, and can be distilled without decomposition. 200 Vanadium oxybisacetylacetonute, VO [<Eigk>CH] , results 1 from the aerial oxidation of the preceding substance ;it crystallises from ether or alcohol in well-defined, hard, transparent, bluish-green plates and prisms, which decompose and char on heating. Compounds corresponding with the preceding acetylacetonates have been prepared from benzoylacetone and vanadium trichloride.The trichloride and pyridine combine either alone or in alcoholic solution to form a very soluble co-ordination compound dissolving in alcohol to an intensely purple solution. Ethylenediamine changes the green colour of alcoholic vanadium trichloride to a deep brown; the co-ordination product is very soluble. Methylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine, and benzylamine produce a similar colour change to brown in the green alcoholic solution of the trichloride ;the products of these interactions are under examination. Vanadium trichloride dissolves in liquid ammonia, the product being soluble in water. Although soluble in absolute alcohol to a green solution, anhy- drous vanadium chloride is insoluble in dry ether free from alcohol.The authors proposed to continue the investigation of co-ordina-tion compounds containing vanadium as the central element. 188. Substituted thiolazo-derivatives of benzene.” By John Jacob Fox and Frank George Pope. Benzeneasophten~7methylmercaptole, C,H,*N:N*C,H,-SMe, and b enzeneazophemy7eth?jtmercapfoZe have been prepared by the action qf the corresponding alkyl iodides on the potassium salts obtained by the hydrolysis of the xanthic ester derived from aminoazo-benzene. These substances resemble the corresponding ethers of benzeneazophenol, and yield hydrochlorides and hydrates. p-Nitrobensencazophenylmethglmercaptolewas obtained in small amount by the action of p-nitrobenzenediazonium chloride on phenyl mercaptan in alkaline solution, and subsequent treatment of the potassium salt of p-nitrobenzeneazophen ylmercapt an with methyl iodide. The band in the absorption spectrum of benzeneazophenylmethyl-mercaptole was found to occupy an intermediate position between the bands given by benzeneazophenetole and aminoazobenzene.201 EXTRAMEETINGOF THE SOCIETY. At an Extra Meeting of the Chemical Society held on Wednesday, June 26t12, 1912, at 8.30 p.m., Professor PERCYF. FRANKLAND, LL.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair, Sir WILLIAM TILDEN delivered the Cannizzaro Memorial Lecture. A vote of thanks to Sir WILLIAM TILDEN, proposed by Sir WILLIAM RAMSAY, THORPE,was supported seconded by Sir EDWARD by the PRESIDENT,and carried with acclamation.INTElRNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHEMICAL SOCIETIES. The following announcement of the Proceedings at the meeting of the International Association of Chemical Societies, held in Berlin in April, 1912, is made by order of the Council. FROM THE MINUTESOF THE SECONDEXTRACT MEETINGOF THE COUNCIL IN BERLIN, APRIL 11TH-l3TH, 1912. The following were present: As full members of Council : W. Ostwald, President, H. Wichelhaus, Vice-president, P. Jacobson, General Secretary, for the Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft ; A. W. Crossley, P. F. Frankland, W. Ramsay for the Chemical Society (London) ; A. BBhal, A. Haller, M. Hanriot for the Soci6t6 Chimique de France; Fr. Fichter, Ph. A. Guye, A. Werner for the Schweizer- ische Chemische Gesellschaft ; W.A. Noyes for the American Chemical Society; N. S. Kurnakow, L. A. Tschugaeff, P. J. Walden for the Russian Chemical Society. As members of Couiicil in an advisory capacity only : C'h. Marie for the Soci6t6 de Chimie-Physique, Paris; Fr. Auerbach for the Deutsche Bunsen Gesellschaft ; E. Cohen for the Nederlandsche Chemische Vereeniging ; H. Goldschmidt for the Polyteknisk Forenings Kemikergruppe (Christiania) ;E. Biilmann for the Kemisk Forening, Copen- hagen. During the course of the meeting the following members included in section (b), namely, Messrs. E. Cohen, H. Goldschmidt, and E. Biilmann, joined the Council as full members in consequence of a decision to confer upon their respective societies the right of repre-sentation on the Council.202 The following Members of Council, Messrs. Carrara (Societii Chimica Italiaiia), Day (American Chemical Society), Oglialoro (SOC. Chim. Ital.), Yaternb (SOC. Chim. Ital.), and Richards (Amer. Chem. Soc.), notified their inability to attend the meetings. The President of the Association, W. Ostwald, occupied the Chair. The Chairman presented a Report on the development of the Association during the first year of its existence from April, 1911, to April, 1912. The Association, which originally consisted only of three Societies [the Soci6tG Chimique de France, the Chemical Society (London), and the Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft], had grown considerably during the year-due, in part, to the qcceptance of invitations to join the Association, and in part to the granting by the Council of applications for admission-and the Association now incIuded representatives of almost all countries in which Chemical Societies exist.During the meeting several requests for admission into the Asso-ciation or for representation on the Council were granted. The membership of the Association at the close of the meeting may be seen from the following list of constituent Societies arranged in their order of admission : Number of Meinbers. *SociBtB Chimique de France (25 April, 1911) ... ... 1024 *The Chemical Society (London) (25 April, 1911) ... 3132 -EDeutsche Chemische Gesellschaft (25 April, 1911) ... 3352 Soci6tG.de Chimie-Physique (15 June, 1911) ... ... 202 Deutsche Bunsen Gesellschaft fur angewandte physikal- ische Chemie (19 June, 1911) ... ... ... 719 *Nederlandsche Chemische Vereeniging (14 July, 191 1) 502 *Schweizerische Chemische Gesellschaft (3 August, 191 1) 287 *American Chemical Society (6 October, 1911) ... 5603 "Russian Chemical Society (22 October, 1911) ... ... 399 *'Polyteknisk Forenings Kemikergruppe (Christiania) (27 October, 1911) ... ... ... ... ... 105 *Verein Osterreichischer Chemiker (28 October, 191 1) ... 972 *Societ'a Chimica Italiana (11 January, 1912) ... ... 648 *Kemisk Forening, Copeahagen (23 January, 1912) ... 137 Tokyo Chemical Society (18 March, 1912) ... ... 544 *SociBtB Espagnole de Physique et de Chimie (10 April, 1912) ...... ... ,.. ... ... ... ? Total about 18000 * The societies marked with an asterisk (as the representative societies of their respective countries) are each entitled to send three delegates to the Council (cf. Articles IV aud V of the Statutes). ‘(Suggestions for the Alteration and Amplification of the Statutes ” were next considered. After discussion, alterations of Articles IV, T, and XII, concerning the method of voting (a) on the admission of new Societies to the Association, (b) on alterations in the Statutes, and also a supplementary Article XIII, dealing with the case of a.n equality of votes, were unanimously carried. The ststutcs, as at present constituted, are given in Appendix I. The meeting next proceeded to coiisider the reports of the Committees on the following questions : (1) The Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, (2) The Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, (3) The Unification of Physical Constants.In accordance with the decision of the Council at its first meeting in Paris on the 25th and 26th of April, 1911, the Societies represented OR the Council had been requested to nominate commit- tees for the consideration of these questions. The following Societies had accordingly each appointed three committees, all of which, eighteen in number, had presented reports : Soci6t6 Chimique de France ; The Chemical Society (London) ; Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft ; Schweizerische Chemische Gesellschaf t ; American Chemical Society ; Russian Chemical Society.The discussion turned mainly on the methods of organisation in connexion with these questions, the consideration of the actual subject-matter being postponed until a later date. The meeting was called upon to decide as to whether the questions should continue to be dealt with by the national committees or whether the latter should be replaced by smaller international committees. The Council was of opinion that with regard to inorganic and organic nomenclature, the circumstances were different from those obtaining in the case of the unification of chemical and physical constants. The followiizg resolution concerning inorganic aQd organic chemical nomenclature was carried unanimously : “ The national Committees shall continue to exist for the present.Any Societies represented on the Council which have not as yet appointed committees shall proceed to do so forthwith.” “ The reports of the committees are to be submitted to a process of sifting before the next meeting of the Council. The method of sifting to be adopted is a matter for arrangement between the 204 officers of the Association and the committees’ representatives on the Council.” In order to avoid any confusion arising out of the premature adoption and publication by authors of nomenclature suggested by their respective national committees, the following resolution was unanimously carried by the Council : “The Council expresses the hope that the introduction of new suggestions for nomenclature in place of existing terms will be avoided as far as possible until the question of nomenclature has been formulated by the Association.Authors’ suggestions regard- ing nomenclature should be submitted to the existing committees foi their consideration.” Chemical Societies are to be requested to publish in their respec- tive journals this resolution, which is not meant to prejudice the publication of new suggestions when the necessity arises in conse-quence, for example, of the discovery of new types of compounds. The composition of the existing committees on inorganic and organic chemical nomenclature is given in Appendix 11. With regard to the third question, namely, the unification of physical chemical constants, it was pointed out, both in the reports of the committees and during the course of the discussion, that a considerable amount of work had already been done in that direc- tion by existing organisations, for example, the Deutsche Bunsen Gesellschaft, and the authors of “ Tables of Physical Chemical Con-stants,” It wits therefore generally considered that there was no further need for the existence of the various national committees appointed by the Council.Accordingly an international Commission was nominated, composed of those Members of the Council who by their activities were most directly concerned with this question, namely, Messrs. Carrara, Cohen, Day, Goldschmidt, Guye, Ostwald, Ramsay, Richards, and Walden. This Commission should, as far as possible, work in agreement with other existing organisations appointed for the same purpose.It was next announced by the President that the members ol the International Committee on Atomic Weights-Messrs. Clarke, Thorpe, Urbain, and Ostwald-had expressed a wish to become incorporated with the International Association. Prof. Ostwald was requested by the Council to ask the existing members of the International Committee on Atomic Weights to draft statutes for the future organisation of this committee, and to submit these to the Council of the Association at its next meeting. The Council next considered proposals for the further extension of the Association’s activity. Prof. Guye, who had pointed out the desirability of a uniform 205 abbreviation of titles of journals, was appointed by the Council to take preliminary steps for the attainment of this object.Prof. Ostwald brought forward arguments in favour of the unifi- cation of the size of printed scientific literature in accordance with tb.e views expressed in his pamphlet entitled, “Die Welt- formate ” (Ansbach, 1911). The Council thereupon unanimously expressed the hope that all Chemical Societies would issue their publications in the “Weltformat ” 16 x 22-6 cm. (these measure-ments referring to the cut copies), or in some form derived from this. The Couiicil furthermore unanimously resolved that the publications of the Association should be issued in this form (16 x 22.6 cm.). The suggestions by Prof.Ostwald concerning an international language called forth considerable discussion. The following suggestion was adopted unanimously : “The Council should appoint a committee to investigate the question of the mitigation of the difficulties arising from the existing multiplicity of languages employed in scientific literature.” Each Society represented on the Council is to nominate a delegate on this committee, the organisation of which was entrusted to the Swiss delegate. Finally, the Balance Sheet for the general expenses of the Asso- ciation during the past year was adopted; the sum spent amounted to 1200 mk. (&60), or about 6-7 pf. (approximately $8.) per member of all the constituent Societies. The next meeting of bhe Council will take place in England in the middle of September, 1913.Sir William Ramsay was elected President. The officers * of the Association are consequently the delegates of the Chemical Society (London), namely : Sir William Ramsay, London, President. Prof. Percy F. Frankland, Birmingham, Vice-president. Prof. Arthur W. Crossley, London, General Secretary. who remain in office until the end of the next meeting. W. Ostwald, President until April, 1912. H. Wichelhaus, P. Jacobson, Vice-president until April, 1912. General Secretary until April, 1912. * All communications should be addressed to : Prof, A. W. Crossley, Chemical Society, Burlington House, London, W. 206 APPENDIX I. E~TATUTES OF THE INTERNATIONALASSOCIATION OF CHEMICALSOCIETIES (according to the Resolutions of April 26,1911, and April 11, 1912).Art. I. I1 est fond6 une Association Internationale des Soci6t6s Chimiques. Art. 11. Le but de 1’Association est de former un lien entre les Soci6tes chimiques clu monde, pour s’occuper des questions ayant un int6r6t g6n6ral et international pour la Chimie. Art. 111. Toutes les SociGt6s chimiques peuvent faire partie de I’Association apr‘es un vote favorable du Conseil (comp. Art. IV). Le vote par correspondance est admis dans ce cilrs. Art. IV. L’Association est dirig6e par un Conseil form6 d’un certain nombre de membres. Chaque pays ne peut &re repr6- sent6 dans le Conseil que par une seule Societ6 chimique, qui designera trois representants.Art. V. Le Conseil actuel comprend les de‘le’gu6s des Soci6tes fondatrices, c’est-&-dire de la Soci6t6 chimique allemande (Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft), de la Soci6t6 chirnique anglaise (Chemical Society, London,) et de la Soci6t6 chimique frangaise (SociBt6 Chimique de France). La repr6sentation d’une autrei Soci6t6 dans le Conseil ne pourra 6tre d6cidee que par celui-ci, et ‘a la majorit6 des deux tiers des votants. Art. VI. Le Conseil fixe ‘a chaque r6uaion le lieu et 1’6poque de la procbaine session. Art. VII. Le Conseil nomme au debut de chaque session un President, qui est en mQme temps President de l’Associatian, et qui entrera en fonctions b la fin de la session. Art. VIII. Le Bureau est constitug par le Pr&ident, le Vice- President et le Secrgtaire GQn6ral qui sont les d616gu6s du m6me pays.Art. IX. Le Prgsident est charg6 de convoquer le Bureau. Celui-ci veille 2, l’exhcution des d6cisions prises par le Conseil; il fixe l’ordre du jour des Se’ances du Conseil et entretient des rela- tions entre les divers- SociBt6s. Le Pr6sident fait approuver les pro&-verbaux des sgances. Seul, le procgs-verbal de la derniGre s6ance put G tre approuv6 par correspondance. 207 Art. X. Les moyens d’action de 1’Association consistent : En nomination de Commissions chargees d’etudier les ques- tions qui leur seront soumises par le Conseil; En publication dans les journeaux des Societ6s affiliees ou en tout autre mode de publication qu’il conviendra au Conseil do choisir ; En confgrences ou CongrBs. Art.XI. Les frais g6n6raux seront support& par les SociBt4s affilikes au prorata du nombre de leurs membres. Toutes les depenses autres que les frais gen6raux ne seront imputables aux diverses SociBGs que sous reserve d’un engage- ment personnel de ces SociBt6s. Le Secretaire General soumettra 8 chaque session B l’appro-bation du Conseil le compte-rendu financier de l’exercice kcoul6. Art. XI. Toute modification aux status exigera la presence de la moitie au moins de la totalit6 des membres du Conseil. Les decisions seront prises b la majorit6 des deux tiers des membres votants. Art. XIII. Except6 les cas prevus par les articles V et XII, tout vote 6mis par le Conseii sera valable 2 la majorit6 absolue des votants.A 6galit6 de voix, celle du Pr6sident est prhpond6ranta APPENDIX 11. OF THE NATIONAL ONCOXPOSITION COMMITTEES NOMENCLATU~. I.--For Inorganic Chemical Nomenclature. Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft : R. Lorenz (Chairman), Eettenhofweg 136, Frankfurt a M. I(. A. Hofmann, Witzlebenstrasse 26, Charlottenburg. A. Rosenheim, Alsenstrasse 3, Berlin NW. Chemical Society, London : Sir William Ramsay (Chairman), 19 Chester Terrace, Regent’s Park, London, N.W. J. C. Cain, 24 Aylestone Avenue, Brondesbury Park, London, N.W. A. Harden, 2 Marlborough Road, Richmond (Surrey). Soci6t6 Chimique de France *: F. Bourion (Reporter), 21 rue Vauquelin, Paris. V. Auger, 25 rue Hurnboldt, Paris.* Measrs. A. BBhal, A. Haller, and M. Hanriot, the representatives of the Soci6td Chimiyue de France on the Council of the International Association, are members of all the committees appointed by. the Sociktd Chimique de France. 208 R. de Forcrand, Montpellier. M. Delgpine, 2 rue Alphonse-Daudet, Paris. P. Lebeau, 4 Avenue de I'Observatoire, Paris. E. Rengade, 10 rue Daguerre, Paris. G. Urbain, 69 Grande-Rue, B Bourg-la-Reine (Seine), Paris. Schweizerische Chemische Gesellschaft : A. Werner, Freie Strasse 111, Zurich. V. Kohlschiitter, Freie Strasse 3, Bern. American Chemical Society : J. L. Eowe (Chairman), Wash. and Lee Univ., Lexington, Va. Philip E. Browning, Kent. Chem. Lab., Yale University, New Haven, Ct. E.C. Franklin, Hygienic Laboratory, Washington, D.C. C. H. EIerty, Univ. of N. C., Chapel Hill, N.C. H. M. Patterson, Xenia, Ohio. Owen Shian, Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Penna., Phila., Pa. A. L. Voge, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Russian Chemical Society : N. Kurnakow, Berg-Institut, St. Petersburg. A. Gorboff, Chem. Laborat. of the Nicolai-Ingenieurakademie, St. Petersburg. L. Tschugaeff, Chem. Laborat. of the University, St. Peters- burg. 11.-For Organic Chemical Nomenclature. Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft : P. Jacobson (Chairman), Sigismundstr. 4,Berlin W. 10. C. Graebe, Westendstr. 28, Frankfurt a. M. R. Pschorr, Zumboldstr. 34, Berlin-Grunewald. R. Stelzner, Regensburger Str. 11, Berlin W. 50. J. Thiele, Goethestr., Chem.Institut, Strassburg i. Els. Chemical Society, London : W. P. Wynne (Chairman), The University, Sheffield. J. @. Cain, 24 Aylestone Avenue, Brondesbury Park, London, N.W. A. J. Greenaway, The Orchard, Chertsey, Surrey. F. S. Eipping, University College, Nottingham. 209 Soci6t6 Chimique de France * : I;. Maquenne (maiman), 19 rue Sdot, Paris. G. Bertrand, 26 rue Dutoit, Paris. E.-E. Blaise, Facult6 des Sciences, Paris. P. Freundler, 6 Place Denfert-Rochereau, Paris. V. Grignard, Nancy. R. Marquis, 10 rue Charles-Divry, Paris. Ch. Moureu, 17 rue Sufflot, Paris. M. Sommelet, 4 Avenue de I’Observatoire, Paris. A. Valeur, 73 Boulevard Montparnasse, Paris. Schweizerische Chemische Gesellachaf t : A. Pictet; Rue Bellot 13, Geneva.Fr. Fichter, Neubadstr. 35, Bble. American Chemical Society : M. T. Bogert (Chairman), Columbia University, New York. Ira Remsen, John Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. M. Gomberg, Univ. of Mich., Ann Arbor, Mich. C. S. Hudson, Bureau of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. T. B. Johnson, Yale University, New Haven, Ct. J. F. Norris, Simmons College, Boston, Mass. W. A. Noyes, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. J. B. Tingle, UcNaster Univ., Toronto, Canada. Russian Chemical Society : A. Faworsky, Chem. Lahorat. of the University, St. Petersburg. N. Zelinsky, Chem. Laborat. of the University, Moscow. W. Ipatiew, Artillerieakademie, St. Petersburg. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. [Field, F~ederick.] A chemical review.By a B. pp. 25. London 1863. (Reference.) From Sir William Tilden, F.R.S. Nenmann, Bernhard. Lehrbuch der chemischen Technologie und Metallurgie. Leipzig 1912. pp. xii+892. ill. M. IS.-. (Recd. 19/6/ 1 2.) From the Publisher : S. Hirzel. * See footnote on p. 207. 210 111. Pamphlets. Cross, Charlee B’rederick. Lectures on cellulose. pp. 52. London 1912. Egypt, Survey Depaytment. A report on the work of the Laboratories. By A. LUC&S. pp. 26. Cairo 1912. Gestewitz, Kurt. Beitrfge zur Konntniss der Verhaltens von Kohlenoxydblut zu gewissen fallenden A gentien. (From the Zeitsch. exp. Path. I’her., 1911, 9.) Herty, Chnrlts H. Per cent. tables for oil in cottonseed products. With method of analysis. pp. 50. North Carolina 1908.Hooper, David. The composition of Indian yams. (From the J. PTOC.Asiatic SOC.Bengul, 1911, 7.) Phosphorus in Indian foodstuffs. (From the J. Proc. Asiatic SOC.Bengul, 1911, 7.) Some Asiatic milk-products. (From the J. PYOC. Asiatic SOC.Bengul, 1911, 7.) India. Report on the progress of agriculture in India for 1910-11. pp. 85. Calcutta 1912. Ogilvie, James P. The determination oE sucrose (cane sugar) in cane molasses by the double polarization method, using invertase and acid as hydrolysts. (From the Int. Sugar J.,1912, 14.) Patta, Aldo, and Caccia, Fiero. Xu1 tetraioduro di para-amino-fenilarsenico. (From the Boll. Xoc. Med-Chir. Patsia, 1911.) Polenske, Ed. Beitrage zum Nachmeis der BenzoesSure in Nahrungs-und Genussmitteln.(From the Avbeit. Kaiserl. Gesund-heitsamte, 19 11, 38.) Rossi, G. Su una nuova combinazione dell’ exametilentetramina coll’acido ortoaraenico. (From the Giorn. E’arm. Chirn., 1911, 60.) Waidner, C. W.,and Burgess, G. K. On t,he constancy o€ the sulphur boiling point. (From the Bull. Bureau of Stnndurds, 1911, 7.) VACATION ARRAN#EMENTS. The Rooms of the Society will be dosed for redecoration through- out the month of August, during which period the annual revision of the Library will take pIace. Fellows are particularly requested to return all Library Books in their possession not later than Wednesday, July 31st. 211 LIST OF FELLOWS,1912. The List of Fellows for 1912 is now in active preparation, and changes of address received after July 31st cannot be included in it.In order that the new List may be as complete as possible, those Fellows whose degrees and Christian names do not appear in full are requested to communicate them to the Assistant Secretary. EIGHTH INTERNATLONAL CONGRESS OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY. IMPORTANT NOTICE. It does not appear to be generally understood that members of the Congress, even if not able to attend the meetings, are neverthe less entitled to a copy of the Proceedings, which it is intended by the Executive Committee shall be issued as promptly as possible. All chemists are therefore invited to join the Congress, whether they intend proceeding to America or not. Membership can be completed on making application, accompanied by the subscrip tion of &l,to Dr.3%.0. Forster, 84, Cornwall Gardens, London, S.W., before July 24th, after which date such communications should be made to Mr. William J. Matheson, 182, Front Street, New York City, 7J.S.A. BECQUEREL MEMORIAL LECTURE. The Becquerel Memorial Lecture will be delivered by Sir Oliver Lodge at the opening meeting of the next Session to be held on October 17th, 1912. Further details will be announced in due course. -_________ ~ _ _ R. CLAY AND SONS. LTD.. BRGNSI~IICFST., ST~MFORDST., Y.E., ASD BUNQAY, SCPFOLK.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9122800181
出版商:RSC
年代:1912
数据来源: RSC
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