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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 28, No. 399 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 28,
Issue 399,
1912,
Page 61-74
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[Issued 30/3/13 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. -Vol.28. No. 399. Thursday, March 21.4, 1912, at 8.30 p.m., Professor PERCYF. FRANKLAND, President, in the Chair. LL.D., F.R.S., Mr. W. J. S. Naunton was forma.lly admitted a Fellow of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. : Arthur Anderson Bones, 640, Schoeman Street, Pretoria, S. Africa. Raymond Edwin Crowther, Edenvale, Wigton Road, Carlisle. William Dallas, Burnbank Cottage, Mount Vernon, Glasgow. Archibald Knox, 18, Newhall Terrace, Greenhead, Glasgow. Edwin Charles Lacey, B. Sc., St. Julian's Lodge, West Norwood, S.E. Leslie Herbert Lampitt, &l.Sc., Bowyer Road, Saltley, Birming- ham. Robert John Milbourne, Muxton Lodge, Newport, Salop.George Walker, Stonehurst, Lancaster Road, Morecambe. Charles Reginald Wilkins, B.Sc., 40, Church Lane, Hornsey, N. A certificate has been authorised by the Council for presentation to ballot under Bye-law I (3) in favour of Mr. John Scott Thomson, C'rawford Street, Dunedin, N.Z. 62 Of the following papers, those marked * were read: “56. “ Syntheses of 3-oxy-(1)-thionaphthen.” By Archibald Moritz Hutchison and Samuel Smiles. It was shown that in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid and chlorosulphonic acid or other similar reagents, o-thiol- and o-dithio-benzoic acids with malonic acid or ethylacetoacetate yield S-oxy-( 1)-thionaphthen or derivatives thereof. Reasons were given for considering that this reaction is caused by the condensic tion of the sulphoxylic acid (Trans., 1911, 99, 640) with these methylene derivatives : C6H4<g%E +CH,R, = 2H20+C,H,<-S->C: R,.co It was also pointed out that other examples of this type of interaction are to be found in technical processes for preparing ‘I thioindigo.” “57.The behaviour of metallic alloys when heated in a vacuum.” By Clarence Richard Groves and Thomas Turner, The authors have heated a number of binary alloys in a porcelain boat under a pressure not exceeding 1 mm. of mercury. The boat was contained in a porcelain tube, and heated in an electric resist- ance furnace to temperatures ranging from 500° to 1200O. It is concluded that the alloys may be divided into five groups as follows: (1) The metals are not appreciably volatile when heated in a vacuum for a moderate time at or below 1200O.As examples of this class may be mentioned the alloys of copper with iron, aluminium, tin, or nickel. It may also be assumed that any mixtures of these four metals in any proportions would also be non-volatile. (2) The constituent metals are quantitatively separable. Thus the alloys of the copper-bismuth, copper-lead, and copper- zinc series all separate at the melting point of copper. The bismuth, lead, or zinc volatilise, whilst pure copper remains. Iron-zinc alloys can be quantitatively separated at 500O. (3) Am9 excess of the more volatile metal is removed, and Q chemical compound remains. The gold-zinc series yields AuZn ;the copper-antimony, Cu,Sb ; the gold-cadmium, AuCa ;and the magnesium-zinc, MgZn,.(4) The excess of the more volatile metal is removed, but the residue is not a chemical compound. 63 Thus in the copper-arsenic series the arsenic retained diminishes as the temperature rises. At 1200O the composition remains constant with about 20 per cent. of arsenic, which does not correspond with any simple atomic proportions. (5) Two (or more) metals may volat2ise together. Thus lead and zinc tend to pass over together. In the iron-zinc series also there is an increasing proportion of the iron carried over as the temperature rises from 500O. In the silver-zinc series, although separation is nearly quantitative at 700°, there is an increased loss of silver with higher temperatures.DISCUSSION. Dr. HODGKINSONinquired if the authors had observed any gas evolution during the process, although he doubted whether that would have been possible owing to the character of the vacuum which had to be maintained against a sealing-wax closure. His reason for asking was that recently he had melted some very pure electrolytic copper in a silica tube in a Sprengel vacuum, and the evolution of hydrogen had not ceased when the tube cracked after more than twelve hours’ heating. The globule of copper was found to be full of large bubbles when cut open after cooling. The total separation of zinc from copper in brass at llOOo in a vacuum appeared very extraordinary, as some eight or nine years ago he, with Major Howarth, R.A., had made brass of the composi- tion Cu,Zn by passing zinc vapour, with the aid of a stream of hydrogen, over copper heated to a little over 1000°. Other metals, such as platinum, nickel, and palladium, also retained definite amounts of zinc in similar circumstances.Dr. J. F. SPENCERpointed out that Professor Turner’s experi- ments indicated that alloys could be divided into pairs, depending on their behaviour on distillation, which were analogous to the various pairs of completely miscible liquids ;thus, for example, with some of the alloys a complete separation was possible, whilst with others one metal distilled away, leaving apparently a definite compound. This supposed compound corresponded exactly with the constant-boiling liquid mixture of minimum vapour pressure.Dr. Spencer asked the author if he had made any experiments to see if the. composition of the supposed compound was changed in any way, for example, by change in the pressure under which the distillation was carried out. Mr. EGERTONdrew attention to the construction of the electric resistance furnaces used by Professor Guntz in his work on the 64 preparation and distillation of metallic barium, and asked Professor Turner whether he had had trouble with the platinum at high temperatures. Another point which had interested him was the mention of the vapour pressure of metals at the ordinary tempera- ture; it was questionable whether a crystalline metal had any vapour pressure below a certain temperature. Mr.W. P. DREAPERsuggested that the results should be extended to 1300°, so that they could be compared with those recently obtained by Sir W. Crookes, where even iridium lost 7 per cent. of its weight on heating for twenty-two hours. If the iron-copper alloys were stable at that temperature, it would be an interesting fact. Professor TURXERsaid, in reply to Dr. Hodgkinson, that their experiments showed that the quantity of gas evolved with the relatively small quantities of alloys employed waa usually small. When any cmsiderable quantity of gas was evolved, they found that some was occluded in the tube, but practically the whole of this was evolved if the tube were cooled and re-heated.With a second cooling and re-heating, the residue of gas was very small indeed. Porcelain tubes were less permeable to gases at high temperatures than fused silica tubes. It was possible to make brass by heating bright copper in an exhausted glass tube containing zinc at a, temperature 50° below the melting point of zinc, or, say, 375O. The platinum in the resistance furnace was in the form of a spiral of thin sheet. It lasted well so long as the temperature did not exceed 1200°, but deteriorated rather rapidly with greater heat. No doubt if some of the alloys examined had been subjected to a higher temperature, different and very interesting results might have been obtained. He hoped someone would carry out such experiments. The separation of metals in a vacuum was usually eEected at the melting point of the less fusible metal, but in some cases, as in the zinc-iron series, the alloy was solid throughout the experiment.They had tried various substances for making the joints at thg cold ends of the porcelain tube, and had found ordinary red sealing-wau gave the most satisfactory results. "58. The oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen in presence of ozone."'6 By Thomas Martin Lowry. When air under the ordinary pressure is driven over a series of spark-gaps a product is obtained which gives an increased yield of nitrogen peroxide if mixeii with ozone. It is suggested that this product may contain a chemically active form of nitrogen. 65 DISCUsSION. Dr. FEILMANNremarked that it would be comparatively easy to test Dr.Lowry’s hypothesis on the formation of active nitrogen by passing pure nitrogen, free from oxygen, over a spark-gap, and then mixing it with ozonised air. Dr. ROBERTSONstated that in extending the spectroscopic method for t,he quantitative estimation of nitrogen peroxide to mixtures containing that gas in very low concentrations, he had found it advisable to make the parts of the apparatus of non-reactive sub- stances ;thus for strict quantitative work, observation tubes should be made of silica rather than of glass. *59. (‘Amethod of producing a steady thallium flame.” By Thomas Martin Lowry. Thallium chloride is vaporised by heating it gently in a silica bulb, and is carried into the flame by a current of oxygen.The oxygen is admitted to the bulb by a horizontal tube, and passes into the flame through a second tube, which terminates in a vertical jet. *60. (‘Electro-reductionof alkylnitrosoamides.” By Hilmar Johannes Backer. In continuation of previous researches on the electro-reduction of nitroarninecompounds to hydrazines (Diss., Leyden, 1911), the author has studied the reduction of alkylnitrosoamides of common organic acids, which has been unsuccessfully attempted by various investigators. It was shown that oxal~lbismethylnitrosoamide (m. p. 66O, decomp.) and succi?tyZbisnietiLyZnitroso~m~e(m. p. llOo, decomp.), when reduced in slightly acid solution with a tinned cathode, yield the corresponding hydrazides, which may be isolated as benzylidene derivatives.The above-mentioned nitrosoamides, especially that of oxalic acid, are unstable. Their decomposition by alkalis and organic bwes was described; in each case dimomethane is formed. *61. ‘(A model of an asymmetric carbon atom.” By William Edward GCarner. The author has constructed a model to illustrate the explanation, proposed by Werner Lehrbuch der Stereochemie,” 1904, 49), of (‘I the racemisatioii of OpticalIy active compounds. The asymmetric carbon atom is represented by a cube, which 66 is composed of four wooden blocks (2” x $11 x 12”). The blocks are placed vertically, and bolted in a horizontal direction, leaving a space of $1’ between the blocks (Fig. 1). The bolts are placed as near the centre of the model as possible.Fig. 3 gives a crosa-section, showing the manner in which the bolts are employed. Four iron rods are attached to the bolts in such a way that they can FfG 2FIG 3 move freely in a vertical direction. Each rod is connected to the two adjacent rods by thin cord, which passes through rings at the top and t.he bottom of the cube. The method by which this is accomplished may be seen by reference to the dia’gram (Fig. 2). This represents the top of the cube, but the arrangement of the cords which pass through the lower ring is similar to this if the model be viewed from underneath. With such a method of attachment, when one arm is vibrated in a vertical direction, all the others move in unison. If one is moved in an upwards direction, then the two adjacent rods will move downwards, whilst that in the opposite position will move upwards (Fig.4). Differently coloured balls are attached to the arms, and a model of the asymmetric carbon atom is obtained. If the balls are placed in the order shown in the diagram (Fig. 4), then the arrangement is that of an optically active compound, and if they occupy the vertices of a tetrahedron, the model now illustrates the van’t Hoff conception of the asymmetric molecule. The views of Werner may be illustrated by moving one of the balls up and down, thus causing the other balls t’o vibrate. This is taken to be the normal condition of the molecule. The application of some external strain, for example, application of heat, causes an increase in the amplitude of the vibration of the groups until all lie in one plane for a small intervai of time. This arrangement of the balls is not asymmetric, since a plane of symmetry can be drawn through the carbon atom.Once the balls are in this position there is an equal chance of their returning into their old arrange- ment or of passing into a new arrangement, which is the mirror image of the first; thus a ball, moving downwards, may continue its movement through the plane of racemisation, and vibrate about a new mean position. This change is similar to that which occurs in the so-called Walden inversion of optically active compounds. Sime the new form so produced is transformed with the same facility into the old form, the model gives a method of illustrating Werner’s view of racemisation.The difficulty with which cyclic compounds racemise may be illus- trated by tying two opposite arms together, and readjusting the lengths of the strings which control the movement of the arms. It is difficult to bring the other two arms into the plane containing the asymmetric carbon atom, since one of the balls must occupy a position within the ring. For a new arrangement to be formed this ball must pass through the ring, and this is presumably impos- sible if the group contains several atoms; thus the racemisation of a cyclic compound is practically impossible, unless it can take place through the formation of an intermediate compound.Whilst the model does not explain the Walden inversion, it is useful in dealing with this process. In the model, only the simplest case can be represented, namely, that in which the amplitude of the vibration of all groups is the same, but this will not interfere with its use for purposes of demonstration. Another application of the model is to illustrate a possible explanation of the effect of the solvent on the rotation of an optically active compound. The diminution of the rotation is thus represented by moving the arms nearer to the plane of racemisation, and imparting a motion to them in this new mean position. The model may be used similarly to demonstrate in accordance with the above theory the changes in the rotation of an active compound with temperature.The readjustment of the strings connecting‘ the arms will serve as a means of altering the valency directions, and so illustrate what may take place when one group is substituted by another. This will alter the direction of the plane of racemisation. The conversion of fumaric acid into maleic acid may be illustrated by employing two models, in which two adjacent bonds of each are united by short pieces of india-rubber tubing. The groups are then arranged so that the combined model represents either maleic or fumaric acid. If the groups attached to each carbon atom be made to vibrate with the same amplitude, the particular form will be retained; but if the groups attached to one carbon atom be made to pass the plane of raceinisation, then the other form is produced.“62. (‘Organic derivatives of arsenic and antimony.” (Preliminary note.) By Gilbert T.Morgan and Frances lK.(3. Micklethwait. The Grignard reaction carried out with benzyl chloride and antimony trichloride leads to the production of tribenzylstibine dichloride (ni. p. 105-108°), lustrous crystals, from alcohol ; this is hydrolysed to tribenzyZstibi/te oxide, which decomposes indefi- nitely at 240O. Other products of this condensation are being examined. Comparative experiments with arsenic trichloride and benzyl chloride have shown that the Grignard condensation leads to derivatives of quinquevalent arsenic, from which tribenzylarsine oxide has been obtained.Antimony trichloride has also been condensed under Grignard conditions with m-bromotoluene, p-dibromobenzene, p-iodonitro- benzene, 4-iodo-1:3-dinitrobenzene, and the three isomeric iodo- anilines. These experiments are being continued with the object of prepar-ing asymmetric organic derivatives of arsenic and antimony suit able for resolution into their optically active components. 63.’‘ isoErucic acid.” By Alexander Killen Macbeth and Alfred Walter Stewart. In the course of some investigations of absorption spectra, the authors had occasion to purify brassidic acid, two specimens of which were obtained from Schuchardt. This acid was recrystallised 69 about fifteen times from alcohol, and had a sharp melting point (60°), which remaiced unchanged by the repeated recrystallisations.On boiling it finally with animal charcoal, the melting point was found to fall to 57-57’Z0, and remained constant at this after further recrystallisations. The absorption spectrum of the substance was examined, and found to show slightly less general absorption than either erucic or brassidic acid. Similar results are obtained if crude brassidic is used instead of the purified sample. An examination of the substance shows that it is unsaturated, a6 it is easily brominated in aqueous suspension, yielding a bromine derivative (m. p. 46-46’6O). This substance appears to be the dibromide of isoerucic acid (m. p. 42--43O), for the dibromide of brassidic acid melts at 54O. isoErucic acid itself is stated to melt at 54-56O, so that it appears probable that the substance obtained as described above is isoerucic acid in a purer form than has hitherto been produced.The suggestion has been put forward in the case of oleic acid that the existence of the third isomeride is to be explained by assuming that in iso-oleic acid the double bond has been shifted into the a-position with regard to the carboxyl group. If the same idea is applied to isoerucic acid, we should expect to find its absorptive power to be greater than either that of brassidic or erucic acids, owing to the presence of a pair of conjugated double bonds in the molecule; but since it has actually less absorption than either of the other isomerides, this explanation of the isomerism cannot be applied to the present case.It is proposed to examine other cases of the kind with the view of determining whether the method is generally applicable to the preparation of these iso-forms. 64. ‘‘p-Hydroxystilbene and its derivatives.” By John Theodore Hewitt, William Lewcock, and Frank George Pope. The analogy existing between derivatives of azobenzene, benzyl- ideneaniline, and stilbene has been extended by the preparation of 4-hydroxystilbene and its 4’-nitro-derivative, and comparison of their absorption spectra in neutral and alkaline solution with those of stilbene and 4-nitrostilbene. The corresponding methoxy-corn- pounds have also been examined. 4-Eydroxystilbene is colourless, but shows a strong absorption band in the ultra-violet; a band which is partly in the visible region of the spectrum is shown by the 4’-nitro-derivative.Addition of alkali to the alcoholic solutions of both compounds causes the band to shift towards the red end of the spectrum, but the dis- placement is considerably greater in the case of nitrohydroxystilbene than in that of hydroxystilbene itself. 70 65. “The chemistry of the glutaconic acids. Part V. The esters of substituted glutaconic acids.” By Norman Bland and Jocelyn Field Thorpe. It wa.9 shown that the esters of substituted glutaconic acids having two negative groups attached to the same carbon atom yield enolic sodium derivatives which dissociate in water to an extent depending on the tendency for the hydrogen atom to pass back into the three-carbon system.The esters formed in this manner are the normal esters of type (I). The undissociated sodium compounds then yield the labile esters (type 11) when decomposed by caxbon dioxide : Rev *CO,Et R*g*CO,Et 2 FHC0,Et pC*CO,Et CO,Et* CH*CO,Et Type I. Type 11. (Normal ester.) (Labile ester. ) The esters of type I1 may exist in either their ketonic or enolic: forms : R .E*CO,Et R*E*CO,Et YH YK 9 C0,Et .CH*CO,Et C02Et C: C<OH OEt (Ketonic form.) (Enolic form.) and it was shown that the stability of these forms depends on the nature of R. Thus when R=methyl, the ketonic form is alone capable of existence in the free state; whereas when R=benzyl, an equili- brium mixture of the two desmotropic individuals is produced.When a methyl group occupies the &position and a benzyl group the a-position, tautomerism ceases to be apparent, and the ketonic and enolic forms become structurally distinct. 66. ‘‘ The viscosity of compounds containing tervalent nitrogen. Part I. The amines.” By Albert GCeorge Xussell, Ferdinand Bernard Thole, and Albert Ernest Dunstan. Forty-four amines have been examined in the pure state at 25O and 130°, also in amyl acetate and in hydrochloric acid solution. Viscosities have been expressed in terms of the quantity (q + 106)/ Mol. vol. The order of increasing viscosity is tertiary, secondary, primary. Substitution of an alkyl group for hydrogen lowers the molecular viscosity.Substitution of an acyl, phenyl, or benzyl group for 71 hydrogen increases the molecular viscosity. Substances with a very high value of K have correspondingly high viscosities. There is a. close parallelism between the association constant z and molecular viscosity. Meta-compounds have, in general, lower viscosities than ortho- or para-derivatives. Conjugation of unsatur-ated groupings increases viscosity, and acts in a similar way on K. 67. “The reciprocal influence of unsaturated centres and its effect on the general absorptive power of compounds.” By Alexander Killen Macbeth, Alfred Walter Stewart, and Robert Wright. From an examination of the absorption spectra of various stereo- isomerides, the authors find that if a molecule contains an unsatur- ated centre U,such as a carboxyl group, and a saturated cen€re S, such as an alkyl radicle, a variation in the relative spatial positions of 5‘ and 17 produces very little change in the general absorptive power of the molecule. On the other hand, if the molecule contains two unsaturated centres, a change in their relative spatial positions produces a marked alteration in the absorption spectrum; thus erucic and brassidic acids have very similar absorption spectra, whereas the spectra of maleic and fumaric acid differ very consider- ably from each other.From this the authors deduce that in order to alter the general absorptive power of a molecule it is necessary to change the relative positions of at least two unsaturated centres within the molecule. The action of two centres of unsaturation is also shown by a comparison of the absorption spectra of ammonium thiocyanate and thiocarbamide.In the former there is only one unsaturated centre, namely, the *CNS-group ;whilst in the latter there are two, namely, the amido-radicles. The latter compound has a much greater absorptive power than the former. 68. (‘Experiments on a yellow colouring matter from ergot.” By Albert Freeborn. It was shown that the three yellow colouring matters hitherto obtained from ergot (sclerocryst allin, ergochrysin, and secalonic acid) are in all probability identical, and have the composition C,,H,O,. Another substance, crystallising in pale yellow needles, of the composition C,H,,07, and melting at 338O, has now been obtained.It yields a tetraacetyl derivative, C23H20010,melting at 23lC, and does not contain methoxyl. On fusion with potassium hydroxide, an unidentified phenolic acid is formed, probably containing at least three phenolic hydroxyl groups. 69. ‘(The density of acetic acid. A correction.” By William Robert Bousfield and Thomas Martin Lowry. In the paper on acetic acid (Bousfield and Lowry, Trans., 1911, 99, 1439) the difference in the density of acetic acid for lo was given as 0.00123 instead of 0*00113. This does not affect the data given in t,he paper, but introduces errors of 0*0001to 0*0003in the reduction to 18O of the values given by other observers. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.I. Donations. Burgess, G. K., and Le Chatelier, H. The measurement of high temperatures. 3rd edition. New York 1913. pp. xviii +510. ill. $4 net. (Recd. 15/3/12.) From the Publishers :Messrs John Wiley Q Sons. Prescriber, The. A monthly journal dealing with therapeutics, pbarmacology and the newer remedies. Edited by Thomas Stephenson. Vole. 11.-V. Edinburgh 1908-1911, Annual subscription, 5/-, post free. (Rpference.) 11. By Purchase. Cohnheim, Otto. Chemie der Eiweisskorper. 3rd edition. Braun-schweig 1911. pp. xii+388. XI. 12.-(Recd. 14/3/12.) Fraenkel, Sigmund. Die A rzneimittel-Syntbese auf Grundlage der Beziehungen zwischen chetnischem Aufbau und Wirkung. 3rd edition. Berlin 1912. pp. viii+823. M. 24.-(Recd. 19/3/12.) Hoff, J.H. can’t. See Jorissen, W.P.,and Reicher, I;. Th. Jorissen, W. P., and Reicher, L. Th. J. H. van’t Hoff’s Amsterdamer Periode, 1877-1895. Helder 1912. pp, vi +106. M. 4.70. (Recd. 14/3/12.) Ostwald, Wilhelm. Outlines of general chemistry. Translated by F. IT.Taylor. 3rd edition. London 1912. pp. xvii+596. 17/-net. (Recd. 14/3/12.) Plotnikow, Johannes. Pbotocheniische Versuchstechnik. Leipzig 1912. pp. xv+371. ill. 31.11.-(Recd. 14/3/12.) Urbain, G. Introduction a l’etude de la Spectrochimie. Paris 1911. pp. iii +248. ill. 81-net. (Recd. 14/3/12.) VAN'T HOFF MEMORIAL. Subscriptions to the Van't Hoff Memorial Fund should be sent, to the Treasurer of the Society (Dr. Alexander Scott, F.R.S.). The sum already received amounts to 3260 1s.Od. OPTICAL CONVENTION. In connexion with the Optical Convention and Exhibition of Optical and Allied Industries to be held in the latter half of June, 1912, a Committee is to be formed for the purpose of establishing an effective co-operation between scientific men-the users of optical instruments-and British manufacturers of such instruments. Fellows of t'he Chemical Society who may be willing to assist this Committee by making known their special wants or their sugges- tions for the improvement in the design and construction of optical instruments and appliances in which they are interested, can obtain forms from the Honorary Secretaries on which to communicate with the Honorary Secretary of the Optical Convention. EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY.The Eighth International Congress of Applied Chemistry will be opened by the President of the United States at Washington on September 4th, 1912. Subsequent meetings will be held in New York from September 6th to 13th. During the week, members will be entertained, and, afterwards, visits will be made to factories and other places of interest in the United States and in parts of Canada. The attention of visitors to the Congress is particularly called to the following dates: May 15th, 1912: All who desire to take part in the Yellowstone Park Tour must have their notification in the hands of the American Committee. June lst, 1912: Reservations on the S.S. Cleveland and Phila-delphia remaining unsold at this date to members of the Congress will be disposed of as the Executive Committee may decide.June 15th, 1912: All persons desiring to take part in any tour apart from the Yellowstone Park Tour must have their notification in the hands of the American Committee. June 30th, 1912: All papers that authors expect to have printed and distributed at the time of the Congress must be in the hands of the American Committee. July 15th, 1912 : All memberships received after this date by the Ainerictin Committee are accepted on the condition that delivery of printed reports cannot be guaranteed to such members. Rules, and Announcement No. 3, containing general information, programme, details of excursions, etc., with forms of application for membership, may be obtained from Mr. C. G. Cresswell, Society of Chemical Industry, Palace Chambers, Westminster, S.W. Nembership tickets, price 6;l each, can be obtained from Dr. M. 0. Forster, F.R.S., Treasurer of the British Organising Committee, 84, Cornwall Gardens, S.W. The next Ordinary Scientific Meeting of the Society will be held on Thursday, April l&h, 1912, at 8.30 p.m. R. CLAY AND 60N8, LTD., BRUWLIWICK ST., STAMFORD ST., S.E., AND BUNQAY, SUWOLIi.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9122800061
出版商:RSC
年代:1912
数据来源: RSC
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