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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 6, No. 81 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 6,
Issue 81,
1890,
Page 49-60
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摘要:
Issued 14/4/1890. P -R0 C E E D I N G S OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 81.. Session 1890-91. April 3rd, 1890. Dr. Hugo Muller, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. James Robert Appleyard, University College, Dundee ; William Henry Blake, 31, Norfolk Street, Sunderland ; George Caird, 20, Springfield, Dundee; S. Sydney Monckton Copeman, M.A., M.B. Cantab. 134, Pork Road, S.E. ; Andrew Fairgreve, Sydney, New South Wales ; G. K. Findlay, Hawthorn Cottage, Francis Road, Edgbaston, Birming- ham ; George German, Junior, Huntingdon House, Ashby de-la-Zouch ; John Archyll Jones, 3, Jedburgh Street, Middlesbrongh ; Oliver Kirk, Science Schools, South Kensington ; Robert Waller Oddy, Watarhouse, Toad Lane, Rochdale.The following papers were read :-24. “ Note on the hydrosulphides.” By S. E. Linder and Harold Picton. The authors find that freshly precipitated metallic sulphides almost always contain hydrogen sulphide : that they are, in fact, hydrosul- phides, or the remnants of hydrosulphides ; and that if, instead of adopting the usual plan of passing gas through the solution, the metallic salt be allowed to run slowly into a solution of hydrogen sulphide in water, in absence of too large an excess of acid, a solution is obtained which can in most cases be freed from dissolved hydrogen sulphide by a current of hydrogen, although this to some extent depends on the character of the acid liberated from the salt. The solutions so obtained are readily precipitated by the addition of metallic salts, a fact long made use of in washing a sulphide such as that of tin, in which case the addition of sodium chloride to the water is always advised.A large number of experiments on the formation and properties of the metallic hydrosulphides have been made, and, although the work is not yet completed, itlis thought to be desirable to indicate generally, and with the aid of two typical examples, the character of the results obtained. To prepare the higher hydrosulphides, it is found to be necessary to avoid the presence of acid. An unexpected method of accomplish-ing this has presented itself in certain cases: in that of mercury, for example. If carefully washed mercuric sulphide be treated with hydrogen snlphide and water, it dissolves to a clear brown solution from which uncombined hydrogen sulphide may be removed by a current of hydrogen.Another method which it is hopi?d will be generally applicable is the treatment of the metallic hydroxides with hydrogen sulphide. Precipi tntion with sodium hydrosulphide or ammoniiim hydrosulphide may be resorted to in some cases. By what-ever method they are prepared, the hydrosulphides are probably in all cases compounds of high molecular weight. The effect of acids on their formation and constitution is of much interest, as these apparently cause a molecular condensation and increase of complexity, which becomes more marked as the acids become more powerful.Variation in temperature does not appear to exercise any important influence. The sulphur in the hydrosulphide has been determined as sulphate after oxidation with chlorine, great care having been taken to avoid the precipitation of sulphur during the formation of the sulphide ; to make assurance on this matter doubly sure, the authors have in some cases heated the carefully washed sulphate in a current of hydrogen freed from every trace of hydrogen sulpEide, the hydrogen sulphide lost on heating being absorbed by potash and oxidised. This method is of special importance as affording confirmation when the combined hydrogen sulphide, as in the case of mercury, is very small in amount. Copper.-On treating copper hydrate suspended in water with hydrogen sulphide, the hydrosulphide 7CuS*H2Sis rapidly formed, and if left for some days in a tightly stoppered vessel dissolves to a, clear brown solution.The effect is the same whether time be given for the solution to form or not. Three results differing from the mean by only about 0.07 in the percentage of sulphur gave as a mean 36.69 per cent. of sulphur, the amount calculated for 7CuS*H2Sbeing 36.59 per cent. In order to prevent the liberation of sulphuric acid during the interaction, sodic acetate was added to the copper sulphate, and the solution formed by adding the mixture to water saturated with 51 hydrogen sulphide was precipitated with ammonic chloride : 2 mole-cular proportions of acetic acid were present for each molecular pro-portion of CuS.In this case the acetic acid acts in presence of excess of hydrogen sulphide, and has but little effect in breaking down the hydrosulphide. The percentage of sulphur found was 36.00 ; that calculated for SCuS*H,S is 35.96 per cent. In two experiments ir, which some acetic acid was present at start- ing a precipitate was gradually deposited, which was filtered off without adding salt ; great difficulty was experienced in effecting filtration owing to the fine state of division of the sulphide. Slightly higher numbers were obtained, probably owing to the deposition of some sulphur, but they serve to indicate that the salt does not alter the composition of the precipitate ; the percentages of sulphur found were (1) 36.13, (2) 36-28.In another case, after adding sodic acetate, the excess of hydrogen sulphide was expelled from the solution of the hydrosulphide by hydrogen. The acetic acid was thus allowed to act upon the solution unsaturated with hydric sulphide. The percentage of sulphur found was 34.67 and 34.56; that calculated for 22 CuS-H2Sis 34.61. In this case the excess of sulphur is very small, and it is impossible to assign a formula ; it is noticeable that' a great molecular condensa- tion has taken place. In presence of hydrogen chloride, till further loss of sulphuretted hydrogen occurs. All the filtrations were conducted in an atmosphere of hydrogen. JIemci-y.--Solutions of two similar quantities of mercuric chloride were taken; after boiling to expel air, one was rim into boiled water containing hydrogen sulphide placed in a Drechsel's bottle, access of air being prevented b7 a current of the gas: the mixture was pre-cipitated by hydrogen chloride.The other, after dilution with boiled water, was made acid and precipitated by liydrogen sulphide. Both ~recipitates were washed with boiled water, then mixed with boiled water in a Drechsel bottle, and hydrogen sulphide was passed into the liquid till clear solutions were formed. A current of hydrogen was then passed through both, the one being cooled with ice, till they were free from hydrogen sulphide. The amount of barium sulphate obtained from A was 0-8910, from B 0.8916 ; the amount afforded by the same weight of mercuric sulphide is 0 86375.The mean per-centage of sulphur found was 14.166; a compound of the formula SlHgSH?S would contain 14.171 per cent. Ia presence of hydrogen chloride a further molecular condensation takes place, the quantity of attached hydrogen sulphide becoming appa- rently halved ; it is of course impossible to assign an exact formula to a, product of so high a molecular weight, but the concordaiice of the results 52 and its very remarkable stability would make it probable that the compound is a definite one. It withstood extraction with carbon disulphide, and the prolonged washing which this entailed. It did not lose its hydrogen sulphide in ‘LUCUO, and after drying in vacuo it required to be heat,ed for about 16 hours at 105”in a current of hydrogen before all the hydrogen sulphide was removed.The dryness of the hydrosulphide seems to greatly influence the rapidity with which it loses hydrogen sulphide. 25. “Researches on tlie germination of some of the Graminete.” Part I. By Horace T. Brown, F.R.S., and G. Harris Morris, Ph.D. This investigation was undertaken with the view of throwing some light upon the complex metabolic processes which take place during the germination of seeds. The authors during the progress of the inquiry have examined and experimented with the seeds of a great number of the grasses, but this, the first part of their paper, is con- fined almost entirely to a consideration of the changes which take place in barZey during the early periods of its growth.The paper is divided into 21 sections, the heads of which are as follows :-(1.) Introduction. (2.) Structure of a grain of barley. (3.) The visible changes which occur in the embryo and endosperm during germination. (4.) The relation of the embryo to the endosperm. (5.) Development of excised embryos upon foreign endosperms. (6.) The endosperm to be regarded as a storehouse of dead reserve material ; no residue of vitality recognisable in its cells. (7.) Culti-vation of excised embryos upon water. (8.) Cultivation of excised embryos upon nutrient solutions. (9.) Growth of excised embryos upon starch, and proof that an amylo-hydrolyst (diastase) is secreted by the growing embryo. (lo.) The secretion of diastase is localised in the “absorptive epithelium." (11.) The secretion of diastase is increased by the presence of a small quantity of acid.(12.) The secretion of diastase not stimulated by the presence of starch. (13.) The secretion of diastase is inhibited by a readily assimilable carbohydrate. (14.) The existence of a cellulose-dissolvig enzyme (cyto-hydrolyst) in the germinating seeds of the grasses. (1.5.) The cyto-hydrolyst, like diastase, is secreted by the “ absorptive epithe- lium.’’ (16.) The two varieties of diastase, their genesis and distri- bution in the resting and germinating seed. (17.) Distribution of diastase in the germinating seed. (18.) The “ mother-substance ” of the “ diastase of secretion ” is principally derived from the endosperm.(19.) Action of ‘‘ diastase of secretion ” upon nngelatinised starch. (20.) A consideration of the origin of the hydrolytic enzymes of ger- 53 minatecl grain. (21.) The form in which the reserve starch after transformation enters the growing embryo, and the metabolic changes which it there undergoes. In recording the visible changes which occur in the seed during germination, it is shown that a disintegration and dissolution of the cell-walls of the endosperm always precede any attack upon the cell contents. This breaking down of the cell-wall is shown in a sub-sequent portion of the paper to depend on tbe production during germination of a special cellulose-dissolving or “ cyto-hydroly tic enzyme,” which, like diastase, is soluble.The action of this enzyme on the cell-walls of some kinds of vegetable parenchyma is very energetic. The physiological importance of this cyto-hydrolyst is very great, for, owing to the non-diffusible nature of the amylo-hydro- lytic eiizyme, diastase, the previous breaking down of the cell-wall is R necessary prelude to the dissolution of the contained starch-granules. The authors show that the appearance of the cyto- and amylo- hydrolysts is due to a specialised secretory function of the layer of columnar epithelium which covers the outer surface of the scutelluul. It has hitherto been considered that the function of this epithelium was exclusively that of an absorptive tissue : its absorptive as compared with its secretory functions are, however, of quite secondary importance.The natural food material, starch, does not appear to have any special power of stimulating the cells of the epitheliuin to increased secretion of a diastase, but, the flow both of diastase and of the cyto- hydrolytic enzyme from these cells is affected in a very remarkable manner by the presence of certain carbohydrates. Providing the carbohydrate is one which is readily assimilable by the embryo, such as cane-sugar or maltose, secretion of ferment is checked OY even entirely inhibited. No such inhibitory action is, however, produ c(,d by such substances as mannitol and milk-sugar, which are entirely without nutritive value. The authors’ experiments in this direction point to the secretion of the smylo-hydrolytic and cyto-hydrolytic enzymes as being to some extent sturucition phmzowterin. The power of secretion possessed by the epithelium is in some way or other so adapted to the requirements of the young plant as to be only exer- cised when the supply of tissue-forming carbon compounds begins to fail. The histological changes which take place in the cells of the epithelium during secretion are very similar to those which have been observed in certain secretory cells of the alimentary tract of animals, and in the secretory cells of some of the insectivorous plants.The authors corifirrn the important generalisation of Sachs that the relation of the embryo to the endosperm is that of parasite to Iiost, and they have availed themselves of this relation by cultivating 54 the embryo upon suitable media after separating it from its endo- sperm, and in this way they have obtained information with regard to the secretory powers of the embryo, and the chemical modifications of its absorbed nutriment, which it woiild have been impossible to obtain by any other means.The results of cultivating excised embryos upon various nutrient solutions, more especially of the carbohydrates, are recorded, and it' is shown that whilstl cane-sugar, invert-sugar, dextrose, Izevulose, maltose, raffinose, galactose and glycerol have all more or less nutrient value, milk-sugar and mannitol do not in any way contribute to the growth of tissue in the young plant. Of all substances tried, cane-sugar has by far the greatest nutritive powel..Maltose, althouglz the natural food of the embryo when attached to its endosperm, is decidedly inferior in this respect to cane-sugar. This, at a later point in the paper, is shown to be due to the fact that maltose, directly it is absorbed by the growing embryo, becomes transformed into cane-sugar by the living cells, and i1i this form is passed from cell to cell. When cane-sugar is supplied ready formed to the young plantlet, there is manifestly a saving of energy to the living cell, which receives its nutriment in ti form in which it is directly avail- able for its requirements. An examination of the sugars produced during the germination. and of their mode of distribution in the grain, have convinced the authors that the transformed starch of the endosperm is absorbed bp the embryo in tbe form of maltose, and that the seat of production of the cane-sugar which germinated gi-ain contains is the tissnes of the embryo itself.The authors are continuing their work upon the gcrminatioii of the grasses, and are applying the methods described in this first part of their paper to an elucidation of the chemical changes which the other reserve materials, especially the proteids, undergo in their passage from the endosperm, and of the agencies which are at work in bringing abont these transformations. Mr. THISELTOSDYERsaid that chemists, perhaps, would hardly realise what delicacy of manipulation was required in carrjing out experiments such as had been instituted by the authors of the paper ; it was a fortunate circumstance that the morphology of the seed in grasses allows of anatomical separation of the elements.Botanists had already made some progress in localising enzymes : thus Professoi-Marshall Ward liad shown that the enzyme which effects the libera- tion of the colouring iiiatter from the gluco-ide in Persian berries is 55 located in the raphe ; and it had long been known that emulsin was not distributed throughout the bitter almond. After referring to the distinction between animals and plants, he said that the plant was similar to the seed, the bud corresponding to the embryo and the woody shoot to the endosperm. Baranetzky had shown that a diastase is omnipresent in plants; and there could be little doubt that it would be found t,hat an enzyme capable of att>acking cellulose WRS equally so.Professor MARSHALLWARD pointed out that in the seeds of the Graminez, Cyperaceae and other families of plants there is a peculiar layer of cells, from one to three or more deep, surrounding the stai-cby endosperm, and distinguished from the latter by containing no starch but relatively large quantities of proteids : this layer belongs to the endosperm, but as the seed ripens the cells store special proteids instead of the starch-grains which predominate in the other endosperm cells. In t,he oat t,here is such a, layer, one cell deep, and it has been shown that, during germination, the dissolution of the starch and the cell-walls of the starch-containing cells begins near the surface of this layer, which itself persists, and the cells of which take up food and undergo changes so like those of excreting cells that it was concluded that they excrete the diastatic enzyme.Hnberlandt declares that when starch-grains are placed in contact with a piece of this layer kept moist and at proper temperatures, the grains even of the resistent potato-starch are corroded as on germination ; whereas control experiments, where all conditions are the same except the presence of the cells of the proteid layer, showed no such corrosion. Professor Ward then remarked that the authors’ suggestion that more than one enzyme may be excreted according to the nutrition of the cells, and their proof that a cellulose-dissolving enzyme exists in barley, is borne: out by various recent researches and by Wortmann’s observations on the behaviour of bacteria in a mixture of starch and proteids.Wortmann proved that so long as the bacteria were fed with proteids, they refused to excrete the diastatic euzyme which they produce in abundance when only carbohydrates are at their disposal. The speaker concluded by drawing attention to several other cases where such a proteid Jayer exists-e.g., in the seeds of buckwheat and in the tubers of some potatoes-and remarked on the importance of clearing up this matter, and on the steps towards accomplishing that end attained by the excellent work of the authors of the present paper.Professor GREEKsaid that in the case of the date stone his observations led him to believe that the enzyme was independent of the endosperm, and that probably it was located in the epithelial layer. But in castor oil seeds not only the embryo but aiso the endosperm cells appeared to be possessed of vitality, the fatty matter in the latter undergoing change even when not subject to the action of the embryo ; probably the enzyme was present in the form of an rnzymogen, as extlractsof the seeds were rendered active by acids. Dr. LAUDERBRuN'roN said that it was highly remarkable that in a comparatively highly organised plsiit the conditions of the embryo was so very similar to that of the embryo in animals : the embryo in both cases appeared to be purely parasit'ic. In the mammalian embryo proteids are taken up from without, and it is generally itssumed that they are assiniilated without undergoing much cbange, but this was by no means certain.Referring to tlie presence in malt of an enzyme capable of affecting cellulose, he said there was a form of indigestion in which people could not digest cellulose: was it possible to separate the enzyme in question in large quantities ? Dr. ARMSTRONGremarked that many of tlie results brought forivnrd wcre highly suggestive from a chemical point of view. The authors came to the conclusion that maltose, which on (8 prior; grounds might be regarded as the natural nutriment of a plant, was inferior to cane- sagar, and that in the plant maltose was converted into cane-sugar. Dextrose, according to their observations, did not undergo conversion into cane-sugar, but it gave invert-sugar: that is to say, it became partially converted into levulose, but these constituents of cane-sugar were apparently incapable of interacting.It was known from Emil Pischer's experiments that dextrose could be converted into laevulose, itnd that maltose was an etlieric compound of the acetal tjpe, formed from two molecules of dextrose, oiie of which acted as aldehyde, the other as alcohol ; it was conceivable that if the " dextrose residue " in maltose underwent a change comparable with that which is involved in the conversion of dextrose into lievulose, a compound would be obtained which, if not identical with cane-sugar, would, perhaps, be easily convertible into cane-sugar by hydration and subsequent' dehy- dration : it is scarcely probable that the keto-group-or its equivalent -of lcevulose is preserved iu cane-sugar, but if this group were to become C(OH), and one of the liydrosyls were to be separated together with an atom of hydrogen of a hydroxyl-group in the other dextrose residue, a more stable etheric compound might result, the properties of which, probably, would be snch as are characteristic of cane-sugar.The authors had spoken of the maltose becoming iucoi*- pomted with the protoplasm, from which the cane-sugar was then elaborated ; perhaps the effect was comparable with that exercised by phenylhydrazine in dFectiiig the conversion of dextrose into lx?~-ulose through the agency of the osazone.57 Dr. Armstrong then took except,ionto the terms amylolytic, proteo- lytic, $c., as applied to so-called ferments, pointing out that, whereas the terms electrolysis and hydrolysis implied splitting up by means of electricity and water, amylolytic was intended to suggest the splitting up of starch, proteolytic the splitting of proteids. He suggested several expressions less open to objection. Mr. HERON,referring to the author's conclusion that maltose was not resolved into dextrose during germination, asked how, if this were the case, it was possible to account for the presence of dextrose in malt ; he was of opinion that maize diastase did hydrolyse maltose.Mr. HORACE said that although, as Mr. Thiselton Dyer had BROWN pointed out, diastasa was ubiquitous in plants, that developed during germination appeared to differ in important particulars from ordinary diastase. He had beeti unsuccessful in isolating an enzyme capable of attacking cellulose from the date stone. Their experiments did not favour the conclusion that the cellulose layer had any marked diastatic power. He might point out that Professor Marshall Ward had been led to a conclusion similar to their own in the case of the cyto-hydrolytic enzyme which he had studied, viz., that its secretion was a starvation phenomenon. All their experiments to determine whether the enzyme existed in the endosperm as an enzymogen had been futile.In preparing the cyto-hydrolytic enzyme from malt, it was necessary to use air-dried malt, as it was destroyed by heating. In his experience there was no marked excess of dextrose in malt. 26. "The formation of indene-derivatives from dibromalpha-naphthol." By R. Meldola, B.R.S., and F. Hughes. On adding dibrom-a-naphthol to strong nitric acid (1.42 sp. p.), an oily liquid is first formed, which subsequently solidifies to a mass of crystals, pi-obably consisting of an additive product. If cold fuming nitric acid be used (1.5 1sp. gr.), the dibrom-a-naphthol at once dissolves without any evolution of gas, acd on pouring the acid solution into water an ochreous precipitate is produced, which when purified forms small ochreous scales melting at 127-1.28".The sub-stance is regarded by the aiithors as ni-brom-a-indone, ,co-\. ... .a C,H, HCH.. B. 'CBr .....-1 This compound is converted by the action of aniline into an anilide crystallising in bright red scales melting at 190". This anilide is acid in character, dissolving in hot aqueous or cold alcoholic soda with a, violet colour. The authors consider the formula of the anilide to be C,H,<?'oH)>C:N*C,H,. By boiling CBr -with dilute alkali, the anilide is converted into the bromhydroxy- indone, C,H,< C(OH)>CO. This latter forms dull orange needles ICBr -melting at 191". During the decomposition of the anilide, a strong odour of phenyl isocyanide is evolved.The barium salt of the bromhydroxyindone forms orange needles of the formula (C,H4Rr0,),Ba,7H,0. The aniline salt forms red scales melting at 169", and decomposing at 172". Other derivatives of the brom-indone, viz,, the benzylamide (m. p. 154") and P-aapht,hylsmide (m. p. about 151") have been prepared. The authors propose to continue the investigation of these indene-derivatires. 27. 'I The action of chlorhydric acid on manganese dioxide. Manganese tetrachloride." By H. M. Vernon. In 1821, Forchammer showed that when the oxides of manganese MnO,, Mn,O, and Mn,04 are dissolved in chlorhydric acid, a dark brown solution is formed, which affords a precipitate consisting of a mixture of oxides of manganese when added to a large quantity of water.W. W. Fisher (Chem. Xoc. Trans., 1878, 409) showed that this brown solution contained a higher chloride of maiiganese, probably the tetrachloride; but S. U. Pickering (Chem. SOC.Trans., 1879, 654) subsequently contended that this higher chloride was Mn,Cl,, his arguments being that when manganese dioxide is dis- solved in chlorhydric acid and the solution is poured into water, the amount of dioxide in the precipitate is never more than about 47 per cent. of the amount originally used. According to this observer, when the dioxide is dissolved in chlorhydric acid, manganese sesqui- chloride is formed, two atomic proportions of chlorine being liberated ; when, however, the dissolution of the dioxide is performed in the presence of manganous chloride, the amount of dioxide recovered on preripitation by water is largely increased, this increase being in a greater proportion up to the addition of one molecule of MnCI2, and, hence, it would seem to show that this chloride combines with the two atoms of chlorine set free on the dissolution of the dioxide in the acid to form another molecule of Mn,Cl,.In the present paper, the author shows that when manganese di-oxide is dissolved in chlorhydric acid even at ordinary temperatures, of the total amount of chlorine which on Pickering's supposition should be evolved almost immediately, less than half is evolved even in the coume of five hours ; at -18" chlorine is evolved much more slowly, and at -26" C. only 0.35 per cent.of the available chlorine was found 59 to be evolved when air was drawn through the solution during two hours. That this could not be due to the formation in the solution of a solid chlorine hydrate would appear to follow from the observation that no such substance was formed when pure chlorhydric acid was saturated with chlorine at -26" C. It must, therefore, be supposed that the original product of the action of chlorhydric acid on man- ganese dioxide is the tetrachloride, and that no chlorine is at first formed. In order to ascertain whether, when the tetrachloride of manganese decomposes, an intermediate chloride such as Mn2C16 is formed, weighed quantities of the dioxide were introduced into the bulb of a, Victor Meyer's apparatus surrounded by a bath of water at tempera- tures varying from 38" C.to 63" C., and known volumes of chlor- hydric acid were poured in ; tlie volume of air expelled by the chlorine was measured at half-minute intervals. When the results thus obtniried were represented. in the form of curves of which the ordinates represented the volumes of ga8 evolved and the abscissa the time, it was found that the curves were perfectly regular ; this could not be the case if an intermediate chloride such as Mn,C16, more stable than the original tetrachloride, were formed in the soln- tion. The curves expressing the rate of evolution of chlorine from solutions of BtnzO3 and Mn301 in chlorhydric acid were also perfectly regular, which shows that in the one case no chloride such as Mn,Cl, intermediate between Mn,CI, and Mn3Cl, was formed, and in the ot,her case that no chloride such as n/In4Cllo intermediate between Mn,Cl, and MnCI, was formed.These curves, therefore, show that on dis- solving any of the oxides of manganese: MnO,, Mn,O, and Mn,04, the only higher chloride formed is MnC1,. It was also found, contrary to Pickering's statement, that the amount of MnOz recovered on precipitating the solution was not always under but always over 50 per cent. at ordinary temperatures, the amount recovered being increased by performing the dissolution of the dioxide in chlorhydric acid saturated with chlorine. The fact that the addition of MnC1, to the solution increases the amount of MnOz recovered is only what we should expect, just as Wurts found that PCI, dissociated to a less extent when vapoiised in PCI, vapour.SPECIAL MEETING, MAY 8th. Fellows who desire to exhibit objects at the Special Meeting in May are requested to communicate forthwith with the Secretaries, in order to give time for the preparation of a descriptive list of the exhibits. 60 At the next meeting, on April 17th, there will be a ballot for the following candida5es :-1. Barker, Joseph, 8, St. James’s Street, S.W. 3. Beck, Charles Ridgeway, 181, High Street, Burton-on-Trent. 3. Corrio David, Nobel’s Explosives Go., Polinont Station, Scotland. 4. Dixon, William, 3, Belle Vue Park, Suaderlsnd. 5. Ellis, Thornas Flower, Widmore, Bromley, Kent.6. Hambly, E’rederick John, 13, Osborne Place, Tlundee, N.B. 7. Holburn, Andrew Cowan, B.Sc., C.E., 10, West Garden Street, Glasgow. 8. Holloway, Charles Terry, 188, Lewisham High Road, S.E. 9. Laycock, Wilhm Frederick, PhD., 2: Park Street, Dewsbury. 10. Lea, Arthur Sheridan, Caius College, Cambridge. 11. Lescher, Herman, G 1, Egerton Gardens, S. Kensington. 12. MacArthur, John Stewart, 46, Melville Street, Pollokshields. 13. Mosenthal, Henry de, 220, Winchester House, Old Broad Street, E.C. 14. Miiller, George, Ph.B., 125, Mercer Street, Jersey City, N. Jersey, U.S.A. 15. Neville, E. H., M.A. Cambridge, Sidney College, Cambridge. 16. Picton, Harold, SO, Regent’s Park Road, N.W. 17.Scott, Ernest George, Mayer Hall, Behington, near Birken-head. 18. Sibun, James, 2, Lax Terrace, Norton, Stockt’on-on-Tees. 19. Smith, Alexander, 4, West Castle Road, Edinburgh. 20. Shuttlewood, Willis Brewin, Hong Kong. 21. Stone, Frederick Richard M., 64, Thomas Street, Merthyr. 22. Walker, James S. H., 304,Morningside Road, Edinburgh. The following papers will be read :-‘‘ Phosphorous oxide.” By Professor Thorpe, F.R.S., and Mr. A. E. Tutton. “ The action of chlorine on water in tho light, and on the action of light on certain chlorine acids ;” “ the action of light on phosphorus, and on some of the properties of amorphous phosphorus ;” “note on the explosion of hydrogen snlphide and of the vapour of carbon bisulphide admixed with air or oxygen.” By Professor A. Pedler. HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTER8 Ih’ OPUih’AfiY TO HER MAJESTY, ST. YARTIX’S LANE.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8900600049
出版商:RSC
年代:1890
数据来源: RSC
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