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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 6, No. 77 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 6,
Issue 77,
1890,
Page 7-18
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摘要:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 77. Session 1889-90. February 6th, 1890. Dr. W. J. Russell, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Certificates were read for thct first time in favour of Messrs. Percival Babington, Elmfield, Rotherham, Yorks ;Richard Berncastel, 38, Ventnor Villas, Brighton ; William Burton, 18, Victoria Street, Basford, Stoke-on-Trent; John Dennant, Lyndhurst Crescent, Glenferrie, Melbourne; Frank Gosling, Waldegrave Road, Teddington ; John Charles Jackson, 51, Wellington Road, St. John's Wood, N.W. ; Alfred E. Macintyre, Saint John, N.B., Canada ; Ira Moore, Sutton Crosshills vi& Keighley ; John Myles, Butterburn Park, Hamilton. The following were elected Fellows of the Society :-Edward Whitley Allsom, James Munro Taylor Anderson, Frederick Graham Ansell, George Frederick Brindley, Sydney Hoare Collins, John B.Coppock, Thomas Southall Dymond, Alexander Charles Farquharson, Cuthbert Chapman Gibbes, James Grant, William Winson Haldane Gee, B.Sc., P. J. Hartog, Joseph H. Heywood, Arthur Hutchinson, Robert Law, James Guthrie Mactaggart, -Arthur Hotham McConnell, Hugh Marshall, Francis Herbert Mason, William Samuel Newman, Edgar Philip Perman, B.Sc., Edward Russell, William Charles Sayers, Saville Shaw, Harry Wood Smith, B.Sc., Henry Heron Smith, John Stokes, John Wade, James Walker, Sydney Russell Wells, B.Sc. The following papers were read :-4." Observations on nitrous anhj-dride and nitrogen peroxide." By Professor Ramsay, Ph.D., F.R.S. The author recommends as the best method of preparing pure nitrogen peroxide that the deep blue-green liquid, supposed to be 8 a, mixture of this oxide and nitrous anhydride, which is obtained by condensing the products of the interaction of arsenious oxide and nitric acid, be added to a solution of nitric anhydride in nitric and phosphoric acids, prepared by adding phosphoric anhydride to well cooled nitric acid; after agitating the mixture, the upper layer is decanted and distilled.He assumes that the two oxides interact thus : N,Os + N203= N204. The melting point of the peroxide was found to be 10*14", in agree- ment with Deville and Troost's statement. The depression in the freez- ing point caused by one part of chloroform in 100 parts of the peroxide was 0*35", and by one part of chlorobenzene 0.37": the molecular depression is therefore 41.The heat of fusion (W) of the peroxide, calculated from this number and the observed fusing point, by Van't Hoff's formula w = -,0*02T2 where T is the freezing point of the solvent in absolutet degreos and t the molecular depression, is 33.7 cals. ; a direct deter- mination gave 32.3. To determine the molecular weight of nitrous anhydride, a known weight of nitric oxide was passed into the peroxide and the depres- sion of the freezing point determined ; assuming that an amount of nitrous anhydride equivalent to the nitric oxide was formed, the results gave the values 80.9, 92.7 and 81.0, instead of 74, the value corresponding to the formula N203. The author was unsuccessful in freezing nitrous anhydride even at -90" by means of liquefied nitrous oxide.It was found to be soluble in this liquid, and it was further observed that as evaporation took place nitric oxide gas was given off together with the nitrous oxide: it would therefore appear that N,03is unstable, even at the very low temperature at which nitrous oxide is liquid. I)ISCUSSION. Referring to Professor Ramsay's determination of the heat of fusion of nitrogen peroxide, Mr. PICKERINGsaid that observations on substances which exercise an appreciable influence on each other cannot be sa,fely used in deducing the heat of fusion. Thus, in the case of mixtures of water and sulphuric acid, solutions containing 29*5,18*5,8.6,1*0and 0.07 per cent.of acid gave respectively the values 37.4, 38.3,79.9, 74.9 and 56.3 as the heat of fusion of water, instead of 79.6. In strong solutions the lowering of the freezing point is always abnormally great ; in such solutions, according to the theory of osmotic pressure, khe dissolved molecules, being more subject to each other's attraction, should exercise less attraction on the mole- 9 cules of the solvent, and these latter, therefore, should coalesce more readily to form a solid. Mr. GROVESremarked that sulphuric acid might be used in pre- ference to phosphoric anhydride in preparing pure nitrogen peroxide : the liquid product obtained by warming arsenious oxide with a mixture of two parts nitric and one of sulphuric acid might be freed from the small proportion of nitrous anhydride which it contained by treatment with sulphuric and a little nitric acid, and on then dis- tilling, pure nitrogen peroxide was obtained.Mr. WYNNEinquired whether Professor Ramsay had examined the action of nitric oxide on nitric anhydride: it had been stated that the interaction was between N,O, and N205,but nitric oxide alone should have the same effect. Professor RAMSAY, reply, said that the method of preparingin nitrogen peroxide described by Mr. Groves gave good results, but was less economical than his own. He had not examined the action of nitric oxide on nitric anhydride. 5. “Note on the law of the freezing points of solutions,” By S.U. Pickering. According to views explained in a previous communication (these Proceedings, lSS9), the author considers the lowering of the freezing point of a solvent to be attributable to three actions, which he dis- tinguishes as mechanical, physical and chemical. He has now suc- ceeded in reducing the values for these actions into one equation which gives the total lowering of the the freezing point, to,to be -____ K + 167 2/(K -167)2-668 KZ + H ~ ACto = 2 9 where 1 is the heat capacity of the limiting hydrate (that is, the hydrate from which no amount of cooling could make water crystallise out) ; H the heat absorbed in the decomposition of the hydrate (or hydrates) constituting the solution taken into the next lower one ; A the maximum number of water molecules which could be crystal- lised out by excessive cooling ; C the heat capacity of water.The author applies a small correction to Person’s so-called absolute zero, -160°, based on a combination of Person’s with Regnault’s values for the heat capacity of ice, and gets -167”, a value which he finds gives results in his calculations of the freezing points agreeing with those found even more closely than --,60” did. K represents the “mechanical ” lowering, this being equal to %lG7WL,in which n is the 300 10 number of foreign (fundamental) molecules (of sulphuric acid in the case taken) to 100 H20,and m the number of fundamental molecules constituting the active molecule of the solvent ; in the case of water, qn is generally 3.In his former communication the author stated that the triple molecules of water began to simplify when sulphuric acid solutions of 30 per cent. strength were reached, being resolved into simple or H20molecules when the strength reached about 38 per cent. The above equation shows that this simplification must occur. As the strength of the solution increases, I(becomes bigger, and a point is Kl + Hreached where the value of 668 7is bigger than (K -167)’, SO that the contents of the surd are negative, and there will be no freezing point possible under these conditions. This occurs at 34 per cent.: and the only way in which water could be frozen out of solutions of greater strength (as is the case) is by the reduction of the magnitude of K by the simplification of the 3E20molecules, that is, by the reduction of the value for m.Proceeding with this reduced value for K, another point (37.95 per cent.) is soon reached where the freezing out of water would become impossible, even under these new conditions, and, as the H20molecules could simplify no further, it must cease absolutely ; as a matter of fact it does so : the crystallisation of water ceasing at about 38.2 per cent., while that of the tetrahydrate begins. 6. “The action of chromium oxychloride on nitrobenzene.” ByG. G. Henderson, B.Sc., M.A., and J. M. Campbell, B.Sc. These substances interact, suddenly, and with great violence, even at the ordinary temperature, and no definite products are obtained.When a 50 per cent. solution of chromium oxychloride in dry chloro-form is heated on the water-bath with a similar solution of nitroben- zene, hydrogen chloride is evolved and a brown powder slowly separates. After it has been washed with chloro€orm and dried, this powder has the composition CGH,(NO2)2CrOzC1 : it rapidly takes up moisture, and when thrown into water is decomposed with evolu- tion of much heat, chromic chloride and chromic acid going into solution and nitrobenzene separating out, but the authors have failed to obtain the nitroyuinone described by Etard. On using nitroben-zene containing nitrotoluene it was found, however, that a, brown compound was produced which, when decomposed by water, gave nitrobenzene and, in smaller quantity, paranitrobenzoic acid ; the latter substance has properties very similar to those attributed to ni- troquinone, and it is suggested that atard may have mistaken one for the ohher.7. " Studies on the constitution of the tri-derivatives of naphtha- lene. No. 1. The constitution of betanaphthol- and betanaphthyl- nminedisulphonic acids R and G. Naphthalenemetadisulphonic acid." By Henry E. Armstrong and W. P. Wynne. The study of the tri-derivatives of naphthalene is of importance from many points of view, both technical and theoreticsl; several are largely used in the preparation of azo-dyes, and it is necessary that their constitut-ion should be known in order that the dependence of colour and tinctorial properties on structure may be determined; and especially is this the case, as all are not equally valuable-betanaphtholdisulphonic acid G (Gelb), like the "Bayer " modification of betanaphtholmonosulphonic acid, interacting but slowly with diazo-salts ; while the corresponding betanaphthyl- aminedisulphonic acid, like the "Badische " modification of beta-naphthylaminemonosulphonic acid, is incapable of forming azo-dyes with the majority of diazo-salts. Moreover, having characterised all the dichloronaphthalenes by con- verting them into sulphonic acids, the authors were anxious also to determine the exact coiirse of the change on sulphonation, especially as isomeric changes were noticed in several instances (cf.these Pro-ceedings, 1889, 52, l20), it being probable that much light would thus be thrown on the laws which govern substitution in the na!phthalene series; and from this same point of view, the corn-parative study of the influence exercised by radicles such as C1, OH and NH, on the formation of disulphonic acids appeared likely to afford results of considerable interest.In the case of the dichloronaphthalenes, which serve :is reference compounds for di-derivatives of naphthalene, the a8uthors7 previous work has shown how much is to be learnt by carefully characterising the several isomerides (cf. these Proceedings, 1888, 104); and in the case of the trichloronaphthalenes, no fewer than fourteen of which are possible, which will ultimately serve as reference com-pounds for tri-derivatives of naphthalene, it is still more necessary to characterise each compound, owing to the close similarity which obtains between many of the isqmerides: no fewer than four; for example, melt at nearly the same temperature, about 90-92".The study of the betanaphtholdisulphonic acids was commenced by one of the authors in 1880 (Chern. SOC.Journ., 1881,139). Results were obtained which led to the belief that both were derivatives of the Schaefer monosulphonic acid, but at that time no methods were available by which any final determigation of their constitution could be effected. Subsequently attention was directed to the correspond- ing amido-disulphonic acids when these became procurable. About 12 three years ago a liberal supply of the betanaphthylaminedisulphonic acid R, in the form of acid sodium salt, was obtained from the Actiengesellschaft fur Anilinfabrikation, through the kindness of Dr.Martius. In the spring of 1888, the authors became awaore of the results since published by Duisberg and Pfitzingcr (Ber., 1889, 396), and arranged with Dr. Duisberg to carry on the investigation. Constitution of the betanaphthylaminedisulphonic acid R.-Duisberg and Pfitzinger inferred that this acid was derived from the a-naphthalenedisulphonicacid of Ebert and Merz, as the disulphonic acid obtained from it on displacing the NIX,-group by v. Baeyer's hydrazine process gave the di hydroxynaphthalene corresponding to the a-acid on fusion with potash.Although perfectly satisfied with this proof, the authors have thought it desirable to amplify the evidence in order to meet the possible objection that isomeric change may occur during the fusion, as in the case of benzene-derivatives. They find on directly comparing the disulphonic acid with the Ebert and Merz a-acid, that the two behave alike ; the sulphochloride derived fi-om the amido-acid crystallising from benzene in large prisms which gradually become opaque, fusing at 158", and yielding the dichloronaphthalene melting at 114"on distillation with PC1,. By the Sandmeyer method the amido-acid may be converted into a chlorodisulphonic acid, the chloride of which crystallises in radiate groups of spear-like needles, melting at 165"; on distillation with PCI, this yields a corresponding trichloronaphthalene, which crystal- lises from alcohol in small spherical aggregates of minute scales or flat needles melting at 90-91". Taking into account the previous determination of the constitution of the Ebert and Merz a-acid (cj.these Proceedings, 1888, 48), the constitution of the amidodisulphonic acid R and of the corresponding trichloronaphthalene is expressed by the formulae :-/\/\NH~ Afi c1 JJ\)S Trichloronaphthalene.c1O\h Betanaphthylamine-disulphonic acid R. M. p. 90-91'. Constitution of betanaphthylrcminedisulphonic acid G.-A quantity of this acid was first procured horn the Actiengesellschaft fur Anilin-fabrikation ; we have to thank the Farbenfabriken vormals F. Bayer and Co.for a subsequent larger supply. On converting it into nnphthalenedisulphonic acid by the hydrazine method, a new acid was obtained. The barium salt, Cl0H6(SOs),Ba,4Hz0, is very soluble in water, and has not been obtained in any definite crystalline form ;it retains 1iHzO at 270°, above which temperature it decomposes. 13 The potassium salt, C,H6( SO3K),,2H,0,is very soluble, but crystal- lises well in small prisms. The sodium salt is very soluble, and has not been obtained in a form fit for analysis. The chloride, &H6(sO,cl),, crystakes from benzene in prisms, from acetic acid in prismatic needles, and from petroleum spirit in small needles ; it melts at 137", and on distillation with PC1, yields a dichloro-naphthalene melting at 61.5", convertible by sulphonation, &c., into a sulphochloride melting at 147".The acid is therefore the meta-disulphonic acid of naphthalene. The relative position of the sulphonic radicles being thus determined, their position relatively to the P-NH, radicle may be inferred from the facts that the hydroxy- G-acid is obtained as direct sulphonation-product of the Bayer modi- fication of betanaphtholsulphonic acid, and that it yields the isomeric Schaefer acid when reduced by sodium amalgam; the authors first became acquainted with the latter fact from Dr. Caro, and have verified it in the course of an experimental examination of the behaviour of substituted naphthalenesulphonic acids generally on reduction: the details of this work will be given later on, but it may be here stated that, although the sulphonic acids are usually reducible to naphthalene in the manner first pointed out by Otto in the case of naphthalene-a-sulphonic acid, the 6-sulphonic derivatives are far less readily affected ; the NH, radicle also exercises a special protecting influence in many cases. Superposing the various results, the con-stitution of the G-acids is shown to be as follows :-s S /\/\I I I+\/v8 Metadisulphonicacid./-OH(NH,)(I I/\/Bqer (or Badische) acid. Schaefer (or Bronner)acid. S Is\A/Hydroxy(amid0)-disulphonic acid G. The G-acid is convertible by Sandmeyer's method into a chlorodi-sulphonic acid the chloride of which crystallises from benzene in long radiate needles, melting at 170"; this is converted by PCl, into a tri-chloronaphthalene which cry stallises in very slender needles melting at 113",identical with that obtained by Al6n (Bw.Referate, 1884,437) from an a-nitro-acid prepared by nitrating the chloride of the P-disnl- phonic acid of Ebert and Merz.This result confirms the conclusion above arrived at, as of the three possible formulae of Ah's acid :- 2 : 3' 1 : 3' 1:3 S S /\A /\/\ S = S03H. Ill I I Iss\/\/ \/\/ (S03H)2. . . . . Armstrong (Chern. SOC.Jowrm., Ebert and Merz Ebert and Merz Armstrong and Wynne Armstrong and 1886,231) ; Wynne.1871, 1'73; Ber., 1882, 205) ; (Ber.,1876, 592) (Ber., 18'76, 592) (C.8.PTOC., Armstrong and Wynne (C.S. Armstrong (C. S.Proc., Proc., 1886, 231 ; 1887, 42). 1889,lO).Ewer and Pick, Ewer and Pick, G.P. 41934 G.P. 45229 (SOJ2Ba . . . . -t-4H?O, granules consisting + BH,O,long, broad + H20, " crust,s " + 4H20, granules con--t-4H20, no definite of microscopic needles needles sisting of microscopic form. Granular, very CI needles soluble. Ip (S03K)2 . . . . . + 2H20, in prismatic needles. , + 2H20,in needles Needles . . . . . . . . . . + H20, granules. con-+ 2H20, small pris- sisting of microscopic matic forms. Very needles soluble. (S03Na)2 . . . . + 2H20, glistening scales , , , , + 6H,O, in lustrous + H,O, crystalline + '7H20, long, broad Very soluble in water. needles aggregates needles (SO,Cl), . . . . , Needles which become opaque. Prisms which be-Needles. ill. p.= Aggregatesof small needler Prisms or prismatic M. p. = 183" come opaque. M. 216' M. p. = 127" needles, M. p. = p. = 158' 137" Cl2 . . . . . * . . . . Needles. M. p. = 107".. ,, .. Scales. M. p. = Flat needles. M. p. Needles. M. p. = 48". , Needles. M. p. = 114' = 136" 61%". 15 I1 and I11 are excluded by the fact that the trichloronaphthalene corresponding to I11 melts at 90-91" (vide supra), and that corre- sponding to I1 aiso at about the same temperature (,$. these Pro-ceedings, 1889, 52). The results now obtained show that, as in the case of the Bayer and Badische monosulphonic acids, the action of diazo-salts on the G-disulphonic acids is either retarded or prevented by the " protecting influence " exercised by an a-1'-sulphonic group.The properties of the fire known naphthalenedisulphonic acids are summarised in the appended table. The authors wish it to be understood that they entirely resewe the investigation of the metadisulphonic acid and of its derivatives ;this being the third acid of the series of which they have first investigated the preparation and properties, they believe they me justified in claiming this privilege. 8. " Studies on the constitution of tri-derivatives of naphthalene. No. 2. a-Amido-1 : 3'-naphthalenedisulphonic acid." By Henry E. Armstrong and W. P. Wynne. The 1 : 3'-naphthalene-ap-disulphonic acid first described by the authors (these Proceedings, 1886, 231 ; 1889, 10) has acquired con- siderable interest and technical import>ance on account of the peculiar behaviour of the amido- and corresponding h ydroxy-acid prepared from it and the dye-stuffs which the amido-acid affords (cj. Bernth-sen, Ber., 1889, 3327).This amido-acid has been patented by the Actiengesellschaft fur Anilinfabrikation, in whose laboratory it was first prepared by M. Andresen (cf. Schultz, Ber., 1890, 77) by nitrat- ing our acid and reducing the nitro-derivative. We were naturally interested in determining the constitution of the amido-acid, and soon after it became known were favoured with a supply of material by the Actiengesellschaft fur Anilinfabrikation. Technically, it has become known as a-naphthylamine-E-disulphonicacid ; but it appears very undesirable to perpetuate the confusion in nomenclature which reigns supreme in the case of the a-naphthylemine-acids by adopting and continuing this name.We first satisfied ourselves that the amido-acid had been prepared from our ap-disulphonic acid by reducing it by the hydrazine method ; the acid obtained gave a sulphochloride melting at 127", and a diohloronapthalene melting at 48". 16 The corresponding chlorodisul phonic acid was then prepared by Sandmeyer's method : the disulphochloride of this acid crystallises from petroleum spirit in tufts of very slender needles melting at 110"; on distillation with PCl,, it is converted into a trichloronaphthalene which appears to be dimorphous, crystallising from alcohol either in long, slender needles melting at 87O, or in large, flat prisms melting at 90".As the amido-acid is known to yield a-naphthylamine when deprived of its sulphonic groups, there are only three formube which can be assigned to it :-I. 11. 111. Formula I is precluded, as the corresponding trichloronapthalene melts at 78" (these Proceedings, 1889, 49) ; formula I1 is likewise precluded, as the corresponding trichloronap hthalene (vide in fra) melts at 66" and 56" ; formula I11therefore expresses the constitution of the acid. This result confirms and is confirmed by the conclusions arrived at by Bernthsen, who finds that the corresponding hydroxy- acid exhibits the behaviour of the 1: 1'-hydroxy-sulphonic acid, readily yielding a naphthalene -sulphonelactone-sulphonic acid.Although slightly longer than the name proposed by Bernthsen, this latter appears to us to be preferable. The present tendency to con-struct a name on rational principles, so as to express the nature of the substance designated, and then to deprive it of all meaning by elision of the significant syllable, is most irrational ; the term suZphone-Zactone is expressive, and not inelegant ; Erdmann's term, sultone, conveys no meaning to the uninstructed ear. 9. " Studies on the constitution of the tri-derivatives of naphtha-lene. No. 3. Alphanaphthylaminedisulphonic acid Dahl No. 111. The constitution of naphthol-yellow S." By Henry E. Armstrong and W. P. Wynne. It is well-known that when alphanaphthol is sulphonated by excess of sulphuric acid, it is readily converted into acids capable of yielding naphthol-yellow S, a most valuable dye-stuff, the sulphonic acid of dinitroalphanaphthol, on treatment with nitric acid ; although it is known that the yellow is a heteronucleal derivative and that the sulphonic group is in a /+position, inasmuch as it, yields 1 : 2 : 4-sulphophthalic acid on oxidation (cf.Grzebe and RBe, Ohem. Xoc. Tram., 1886, 522), the position of this group has not hitherto been 17 determined. With the object of ascertaining the constitution of the yellow, the authors have examined the alphanaphthyleminedisnlphonic acid No. 111, prepared by sulphonating naphthionic acid with 35 per cent. anhydrosulphuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 30°, described in the German patenii No.41,957, 1886, of Dahl and Go., this acid being very readily converted into the yellow by diazotisiiig and then heating with nitric acid. Through the kindness of Dr. Caro, a considerable quantity of this acid was obtained from the Badische Anilin und Sodafabrik. When reduced by the hydrazine method, the Dahl No. I11 acid is found to yield the authors' 1:3'-naphthalenedisulphonicacid ; the sulphochloride actually prepared from the acid melted at 127"' and the corresponding dichloronaphthalene at 49". Taking into acconnt the fact that naphthol-yellow S is a heteronncleal P-sulphonic deriva- tive, this result is alone sufficient to determine the constitution of the yellow and of the amido-acid, thus- 1 :3' naphthalene-Dinitro-alpha-nahl acid disulphonic acid.naphthol. No. 111. OH Naphthol-yehow5. The chlorodisulphonic acid prepared from the Dahl acid yields a snlphochloride very soluble in benzene, from which it crystallises in small prisms ; it separates from petroleum spirit in rosettes of Bmall, apparently rectangular prisms melting at 107". The corresponding trichloronaphthalene affords a remarkable case of dimorphism : it is sparingly soluble in hot alcohol, from which it crystallises in slender needles melting at 66"; if the melting point be redetermined as soon as solidification has taken place, it is found to be 56", but if determined after a longer interval 66", as in the first instance. This trichloronaphthalene should be identical with that prepared by Widman from dichloronaphthalene-P-sulphonic chloride, which the authors have shown to be a derivative of 1:4-dichloronaphthalene (cf.these Proceedings, 1888, 106), but Widman's product is said to melt at 56' ; the authors find, however, on preparing it according to Widman's direction, that it also melts at 66" or 56". By nitrating 18 1:3’-q-dichloronaphthaleneCleve obtained a nitrodichloronaphthalene yielding a trichloronaphalene melting at 65”; the autbor’s observa- tions show that this is in reality identical with the Widman trichloro- naphthalene, and therefore that the behaviour of 1: 3’-dichloro-naphthalene on nitration is perfectly ‘‘ normal,” and strictly compar- able with that of both a-and /3-monochloronaphthalene. By sulphonating 1:4-chloronaphthalenesulphonicacid in the form of potassium salt by means of the theoretical proportion of sulphuric anhydride employed as 20 per cent.anhydrosulphuric acid at, loo”, the authors have obtained a chlorodisnlphonic acid identical with that prepared from the Dahl amido-acid : showing that the a-chloro-, a-amido-and a-hydroxy-monosulphonic compounds behave similarly on further sulphonation ;but it remains to be ascertained whether the series of changes leading up to the production of the final stable compounds is identical in the several cases. ADDITIONS TO TRE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Travaux de la Station Agronomique de l’acole d’agriculture de Grignon, par P. P. Deherain. Paris 1889. From the Author.Death in the Pot ; a Treatise on Adulterations of Food and Culinary Poisons, and Methods of Detecting them, by F. Accnm. London. From Hy. Bassett, Esq. 11. By Purchase. Cherrlie der menschlichen Nahrungs-und Genuss-mittel, von J. Konig. 3te Aufl. Band I. Berlin 1889. Trait6 de Chimie g6n6rale, par P. Schutzenberger. Tome VI. Paris 1890. Handbnch der chemischen Technologie, von R. v. Wagner. 13te Aufl. neu bearbeibet Ton F. Fischer. Leipzig 1889. Lehrbuch der gerichtlichen Chemie, von G. Baumert. Erste Abtheilung. Braunschweig 1889. At the next meeting, on February 20th, the following papers will be read:- The behaviour of the more stable oxides at high temperatures. By G.H. Bailey, D.Sc., and W. B. Hopkins. The influence of different oxides on the decomposition of potas-sium chlorate. By G. J. Fowler, M.Sc., and J. Grant. Note on ammonium hypochlorite. By C. F. Cross aud E. J. Bevan. HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN’S ZANE.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8900600007
出版商:RSC
年代:1890
数据来源: RSC
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