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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 22, No. 308 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 22,
Issue 308,
1906,
Page 93-124
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摘要:
PROCEEDINGS CHEMICAL SOCIETY. VOl. 22. No.308. Friday, 30th March, 1906. Annual General Meeting, Professor R.MELDOLA,F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Prof. J. J. SUDBOROUGH Rlr. J. L. BAKERwere appointedand Scrutators, and the Ballot was opened for the election of Officers and Council for the ensuing year. The President presented the Report of the Council on the progress of the Society during the Fast twelve months. The adoption of the Keport of the Council was proposed by Nr. R.J. FRISWELL,seconded 5y Dr. H. BRERETON and carried unanimously. BAKER, REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. THECouncil have the satisfaction of being able to report that the past year has been a prosperous one for the Society, the activity of which, as measured by the number of papers read and the number of Fellows on the list, has exceeded that of any previous year.On the 31st December, 1904, the number of Fellows was 2,711. During 1905, 164 Fellows were elected and 2 reinstated, thus making a gross total of 2,877. The Society has lost 25 Fellows by death, 28 have resigned, the election of 3 has become void, 1 has withdrawn, and 35 have been removed for ion-payment of Annual Subscriptions. The total number of Fellows, therefore, on the 31st December, 1905, was 2,785, showing an increase of 74 Qver the number for the previous year. l’lie iixiiies of the c1ece:wetl FeIIows, with the clntcs of their election, are : W. Ackroyd (1897). F. W. Harrold (1891). C. hI. Elades (1S85). F. RI. Mercer (1884).J. F. Braga (1881). M. Prassd (1903). G. B. Buckton (1852). A. B. Prescott (1876). J. L. Bullock (1842). W. T. Rickard (1845). C. F. Bnrnard (1849). R. Roose (1886). J. H. Calvert (1871). F. Shapley (1893). H. S. Carpenter (1875). C. W.Sutton (1884). J. Duncan (18G3). C. K.C. Tichborne (1863). H. S. Elworthy (1886). L. White (1862). J. Epps (1885). W. W.Will (1885). E. Graham (1S9.5). It. Yates (1874). W. H. Greenwood (18’73). The following Fellows have resigned : J. Eall. H. P. Harris. W. H. Martin. S. Burlet. J. €1. Hichens. J. Percival. G. E. P. Brocterick. S. Hill. IFT. S. Romntree. C. J. Brooks. A. Houston. T. Samuel. A. J. Carrier. C. Hunt. C. E. S. Sherratt. F. E. Catchpole. J. T. Johnson. W. J. Stainer. C. Childs.H. W. Kinnersley. G. R. Tmeedie. C. G. Cresswell. W.Lang. T. E. Vasey. J. Dennant. H. W. Lawrence. H. Goodier. F. H. Lescher. The small number of Fellows still living who were elected in the early days of the Society has been further reduced by the death of Mr. G. B. Buckton? who was elected in March, 1852, and of Mr. J. L. Bullock, elected in 1842. Since the close of 1905, the Society has had to lament the loss of Professor Hermann Johann Philipp Sprengel, who was elected in December, 1864. The number of Honorary and Foreign’ Members at the date of the last Annual General Meeting mas 35. No names have been added to the list since then, but the Society has sustained a loss in the death of Professor P. T. Cleve, who was elected in February, 1883, and who died on June 18th, 1905.The work of the deceased Honorary and Foreign Member is to be commemorated by a Memorial Lecture, the delivery of which has been undertaken by Professor T. E. Thorpe. During the year 1905, 233 scientific communications have been 95 made to the Society, 191 of which have been published already in tlic Transactiom, and abstracts of all hve appeared in the P~oceedings. The volume of Transactions for 1905 contains 1,936 pages, of which 1,818 are occupied by 184 memoirs, the remaining 118 pages being devoted to the Wislicenus Memorial Lecture, tho Obituary Notices, the Report of the Annual General Meeting, and the Presidential Address; the volume for the preceding year contains 175 memoirs, which occupy 1,715 pages.The Journal for 1905 contains also 4,356 abstracts of papers published mainly in foreign journals, which extend to 1,828 pages, whilst the abstracts for 1904 numbered 4,617, and occupied 1,920 pages. The abstracts for 1905 mny be classified as follows : Part I. No. of Pages. Abstracts. Organic Chemistry .......................... 956 1,727 Part 11. General and Physical Chemistry ............ 619 Inorganic Chemistry.. ......................... 562 Mineralogical Chemistry ..................... 71 Physiological Chemistry ..................... 467 Chemistry of Vegetable Physiology and Agriculture .............................. 295 Analytical Chemistry ........................ 615 872 2,629 Total in Parts I.and 11. .............. 1,828 4,356 In making comparison with the preceding year, it must be borne in mind that the 1904 volume contained the abstracts for thirteen months. Owing to the change in date of publication, no abstracts appeared between December lst, 1903, and January 31st, 1904, so that the number of the Journal published on the latter date contained practically the abstracts of two months (see Trans., 1905, 87, 539). The Council regrets to announce that Dr. Gt. T. Morgan has found it necessary to resign the post of Editor of the Society’s publications which he has occupied so creditably since the beginning of 1903. Although his resignation was received in September, 1905, Dr. Morgan kindly acted as Editor until the appointment of his successor, Dr.J. C. Gain. 96 The second part (Subject Index) of tht, Collective Index for the demcle 1593-1 902 was issued in December, 1905, to those Fellows who had made application for it in accohmce with the printed notices circulated with the monthly parts of the Journal subscquently to July, 1903, and the Council have pleasure in expressing tho high appreciation of the ceaseless energy displayed by the Indexer, Mrs. Margaret Dougal, on the completion of this valuable work. During the vacation of 1905, advantage was taken of the Doctorial Jubilee of Professor Adolph von Raeyer, and of the Professorial Jubilee of Professor Mendelbeff, to address letters of congratulation to these two distinguished Honorary and Foreign Members.In June, 1905, the Council decided that the Ordinary Meetings of the Society should be held during the ensuing Session on the first and third Thursdays of the month at 8.30p.m. The experiment of holding the meetings on Wednesday afternoons at 5.30 p.m., alternately with Thursday evenings at 8 p.m., had been in operation since January, 1902, and from the fact that the average attendance of Fellows at the afternoon meetings had undergone steady diminution during this period, whilst the number of Fellows attending the evening meetings had increased, it has been concluded that a majority of the Fellows who make a practice of attending the meetings find the evening more convenient than the afternoon. The Library has received an important addition by the generosity of Sir Henry E.Roscoe, who has presented to the Society a collection of 136 alchemical and early chemical works of great interest and value. An increase in the use of the Library is recorded, 1,108 books being borrowed during 1905, as against 1,057 in the previous year. Additions to the Library, excluding Sir Henry Roscoe’s donation, comprise 165 books, of which 58 were presented, 324 volumes of periodicals, and 48 pamphlets, as against 119 books, 296 volumes of periodicals, and 52 pamphlets last year. On the recommendation of the Library Committee the Council have made an addition to the Library Rules in the follow- ing terms : ‘‘No persons other than Fellows of the Society have the privilege of using the Library, except upon a written introduction from a Fellow, with whom rests the responsibility for all books consulted by the person introduced.Such introduction shall be valid for one occasion only.” Grants amounting in all to 3236 have been made during the year from the Research Fund, and 3222 15s. 3d. has been returned. Of the papers published in the Transactions during 1905, 24 mere con-tributed by authors to whom grants had been made from the Research Fund. In February of last year the Treasurer mas fortunate enough to be able to increase the invested capital of the Society by almost exactly 97 21,500 by the purchase of 21,983 Midland Railway 24 per cent. Pre- ference Stock for $1,499 14s. 5d. The income from all sources for the year 1905 exceeds that for 1904 by only 293 8s.4d., whilst the expenditure has been abnormally heavy, exceeding the total income by 2305 1s. 5d. This is due to the incidence of several very heavy accounts, one of which really belongs to several years, and that is the completion of the Decennial Index for the period 1893-1902, which has entailed the expenditure this year of no less than 2778 10s. 5d., or rather more than half the total cost. No further expenditure, however, on account of Decennial Indexes will be required for several years to come. As pointed out last year, the continual increase in the cost of the Journal and Proceedings is a source of much anxiety, and this year a further increase has to be recorded on both accounts, 3219 12s.7d. in the former and 235 18s. 2d. in the latter case, or a net increase over the cost of both in 1904 of $255 10s. 9d., and over that in 1903 of 3578 3s. 3d. The Council therefore trust that authors of papers will do their utmost to assist the Publication Com- mittee and the Treasurer in keeping down the cost of printing as far as possible. The publication of the Anizual Reports on the P?*ogi-essof Chenzist?y has necessarily added materially to the expenditure of the Society ; the cost of Volume I having entailed an expenditure of $445 19s. 6d., of which about 270 has been recovered by their sale. Another item of some magnitude, .$52 9s. 6d., is the cost of the printing and circulating of the Bye-laws, together with the changes proposed by the Council, which were submitted to an Extraordinary General Meeting of the Society on February 8th, 1905.The administrative expenses have been carefully kept in check, and whilst everything has been rnsintained in a state of thorough efficiency their amount is only 3827 16s. 5d., as against 2893 1s. Od. in 1904. The following facts with regard to the cost of the Decennial Indexes may be of interest. The total cost of Volume IV, 1893-1902 (Parts I and 11),exclusive of distribution amounts to 21,454 5s. 6d., of which the cost of printing was 2762 6s. Od. The cost of Volume 111, 1883-1892 (issued in one volume) was 21,280 2s. 7d., of which the printing accounted for 3585 19s. 7d. The cost of Volume IV was relatively considerably less than that of Volume 111,as the former extended to 454 sheets for the Authors' Index and 108 sheets for the Subject Index, or 153; sheets in all, whilst Volume 111only contained 102s sheets.Owing to the way in which the Annual Indexes are now prepared, it is hoped that when Volume V has to be undertaken, the relative cost will be still further reduced and that the chief cost wiJJ be that clue to the printing. 98 The Treasurer gave a statement as to the Society’s income and expenditure during the year 1905, and proposed a vote of thanks to the Auditors, which was seconded by Dr. BERNARDDYER and carried unanimously, acknowledgment being made by Dr. H. FORSTER MORLEY. A vote of thanks to the Treasurer, Secretaries, Foreign Secretary, and Council for their services during the past year was proposed by Dr. T.E. THORPE, seconded by Sir THOMAS andSTEVENSON, unanimously adopted. Sir WILLIAM responded.RAMSAY The PREsmEwr then delivered his Address, entitled “ The living organism as a chemical agency : A review of some of the problems of photosynthesis by growing plants.” E. ROSCOESir HENRY proposed a vote of thanks to the President, coupled with the request that he would allow his Address to be BROWNprinted in the Society’s Transccctions. Dr. HORACE seconded the motion, which was carried by acclamation, and acknowledged by the President.+ The Scrutators then presented their Report to the President, who declared the following to have been duly elected as Officers and Council for the ensuing year :-President : Raphael Meldola, F.R.S.Vice-Presidents who have filled the ofice of President : H. E. Arm-strong, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S.; A. Crum Brown, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S.; Sir William->Crookes,D.Sc., F.R.S. ; Sir James Dewar, RLA., LL.D., F.R.S. ;A. Vernon Harcourt, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S.; H. Muller, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S.; W. Odling,M.A., M.B., F.R.S. ; W. H. Perkin, Ph.D., LL.D., .F.R..S.; J. Emerson Reynolds, Sc.D., M.D., F.R.S.; Sir Henry E. Roscoe, LL.D., F.R.S. ; W. J. Russell, Ph.D., F.R.S. ; T. E. Thorpe, C.B., LL.T)., F.R.S.; W. A. Tilden, D.Sc., F.R.S. 1’ics-Pq.esidents .-Horace T. Brown, LL.D., F.R.S. ; Harold B. Dixon, M.A., F.R.S. ; Rudolph RXessel, Ph.D. ; W. H. Perkin, jun., Ph.D., F.R,S.; A.Smithells, B.Sc., F.R.S.; W. P. Wynne, D.Sc., F.R.S. Freccsurer : Alexander Scott, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. Secretaries: Ill. 0. Forster, D.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.S. ; A. W. Crossley, D.Yc., Ph.D. Roreign Secretcwy :Sir William Ramsay, K.C. B., L.L.D., P.K.S. ’rlie Acidrevs will a1q)earin the April iiumbcr of the Jounial. Ordinary $!embers of Council: Edward C. C. Baly; Bernard Dyer, D.Sc. ; WilIiam Gowland; Alfred D. Hall, M.A. ; H. A. D. Jowett, D.Sc. ; A. Lapworth, D.Sc. ; J. J3. Marsh, M.A. ; F. E. Matthews, Ph.D. ; G. T. Moody, D.Sc. ; A. G. Perkin, F.R.8. ; W. J. Sell, MA., F.R..S. ;John Wade, D.Sc. Thursday, April 5th, 1906, at S.30 p.m., Professor R. MELDOLA, F.K.S., President, in the Chair, The PRESIDENTannounced the donation by Mr.John Spiller of a Berzelius medal in selenium, which had been in the possession of the donor during the past fifty years. It was also stated that the Council had appointed the following Committees : Finance Committee.-X. G. Hooper, G. T. Noody, H. T. Brown, T. E. Thorpe, W. A. Tilden, and the Officers. House Conzmittee.-\V. R. Dunstan, 3. E. Eeynolds, W. J. Russell, J. M. Thomson, T. E. Thorpe, W. A. Tilclen, and the Officers. Library Committee.-E. C. C. Baly, B. H. Brough, F. D. Chattamay, B. Dyer, A. Harden, C. A. Keane, A. Lapworth, E. J.Mills, J. Millar Thomson (Chairman), J. A. Voelcker, J. Wade, the Editor, and the Officers. Publication Committee.-H. E. Armstrong, E. C. C. Baly, B. Dyer, E. J. Mills, W. A.Tilden, J. Wade, and the Officers. Research Fund Conintittee.-H. T. Brown, W. R. Dunstan, P. F. Frankland, A. D. Hall, G. Matthey, R. Blessel, H, Miiller, W. H. Perkin, jun., 8. P. U. Pickering, W. A. Tilden, and the Officers. Messrs. T. V. Barker and I. B. Hobsbaum were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs : Percy Corlett Austin, M.A., Queen’s College, Galway. Lionel John Drinkwater, 27, Stokenchurch Street, Fulham, S.W. Bernhard Flurscheim, Ph.D., Heatherlands, Fleet, Hants. Edgar Percy Hedley, 6, Royal Terrace West, Kingstown, Co. Dublin. Arthur Edmin Hill, 236, Willesden Lane, Brondesbury, N.W. Frederick Gowland Hopkins, MA., M.B., D.Sc., F.R.S., Staff ord Houge, Newnham, Cambridge.Thoinas Macdonald, North Prodingham, Driffielcl, Yorkshire. 100 Harold Lswaon Pendlebury, 4,Wentworth Street, Bolton. Percy George Penny more, Eskbnnk Iron and Steel Works, Lithgow, N.S.W. Walter Hansen Rawles, 81, Lemisham High Road, S.E. John Senior, Sizing Hill, Batley Cnrr, Demsbury. Emanuel George Stirimer, Park House, Margery Piirk Road, Forest Gate, E. Richard Lumley Treble, B.Sc., The School Lodge, Cranbrook, Kent. Robert Hutchison Turnbull, Nessrs. IlacAndrews S: Forbes Co., Smyrna, Turkey-in- A sia. Charles Wightman, 43, Portland Place, W. OF the following papers, those marked * were read : "67. An improved apparatus for measuring magnetic rotations and obtaining a powerful sodium light." By William Henry Perkin, sen.The author dealt with the advantages and disadvantages of the ordinary electro-magnet with pierced pole-pieces and also the long coil or helix as a means of obtaining a magnetic field suitable for the measurement of magnetic rotations, and the desirability of obtaining an apparatus which shall possess all the advantages without the dis- advantages of either of these systems. This has been effected by using a short but very powerful coil and a powerful electric current, The coil is cased with steel and has a three-inch gun-metal tube through the centre, the interior of this being the position of the magnetic field. The glass measuring tubes are supported in this tube in a metal trough which can be kept at any required temperature.Keference was also made to the measurement of the plane of polaris-ation and the difficulties which arise from the fact that the sodium flame is not purely monochromatic. This defect was especially felt when measuring large rotations and was successfully overcome by the use of a direct vision prism attached to the eye-piece or placed in the telescope of the analyser ; through this a distinct image of the half- shadow disc is observed; this disc is on the analyser in the apparatus used : the prismatic colours arising from the impurity of the sodium flame are seen on either side of the image. Lastly, a method of obtaining a powerful sodium light was described, which consists in employing a large Runsen burner with a fine tube up the centre which is supplied with oxygen.This burner, placed under a platinum boat containing sodium chloride, is heated by the ordinary flame, whicli keeps the sodium chloride in :t state of semi-fusion, whilst the interii:~l tlanie, produced by the oxygen pa.tssiilg up the siiiall tube, iinpinges 011 101 the side, and at the same time somewhat under the boat; this causes the sodium chloride to volatilise, and at the same time the part of the flame passing i~pthe side receives the sodium chloride vrtpour and gives a very intense, yellow light, which can be maintained for a long time. DISCUSSIOS. After referring to the fact that Dr. Perkin had this year been fifty years a Fellow of the Society, Professor ARMSTRONGexpressed the opinion that probably in days to come, when physicists understood sufficient chemistry to appreciate Dr.Perkin’s work on magnetic rotation, it would be regarded as of greater importance even than his discovery of the coal-tar colours. The PRESIDENT,in moving a vote of thanks to Yr. Perkin, con- gratulated him on having brought to its present state of perfection the bautiful method of exploring chemical constitution by an optical method which he had conceived twenty-five years ago, and which he had practically made his own. The apparatus described was unfor-tunately not an ordinary laboratory installation, and he was therefore afraid that Dr. Perkin was likely to bring more work upon himself, since the discoverers of new compounds would more and more have to depend on him for the determination of magnetic rotations when, as was certain to be the case, the value of the method became more widely recognised.The President reminded the meeting how largely the pages of the Transactions already bore testimony to the value of the method and to the courtesy of the author in placing his services at the disposal of investigators. *68. ‘‘The rusting of iron.” By Gerald Tattersall Moody. Contrary to the statement OF Dunstan, Jowett, and Goulding (Trcms., 1905, 8’7,1548), it is found thst when bright iron is left in contact with air and water, both of which have been completely freed from carbonic acid, the metal remains untarnished, whatever the duration of the exposure. No absorption of atmospheric oxygen by iron takes place in presence of water, provided that carbonic acid bas bean first removed from both air and water, but on admission of a small quantity of the gas, rapid oxidation of the metal and diminution in volume of the oxygen are observed.It is found, moreover, that the composition of iron rust is not fairly represented by the formula Fe,02(0H),, as stated by the fore- going investigators. An examination of a number of recently formed specimens shows that a large proportion of the iron is invariably present in the ferrous state, partly as oxide and partly as carbonate, 102 llie explanation OF rusting as a process involving the production of hydrogen peroxide, as advanced by Dunstan, is directly negatived by experimental evidence, which shows that atmospheric corrosion results first from the interaction of iron and carbonic acid, whereby ferrous salt is formed, and subsequently from the more or less complete oxida- tion of ferrous salt by oxygen.DISCUSSION. Prof. ARMSTRONG said that, having seen the work, he was able to testify to the extreme care and patience which Dr. Moody had devoted to the inquiry ;the experiments had been made without bias, solely with the object of ascertaining whether iron were oxidisable by water and oxygen alone. The result was beyond question. It was not creditable to chemists, however, that problems of such fundamental importance should have so long been neglected in favour of work of no particular value to anyone, and that it should still be possible to dispute on such questions.Notwithstanding all the talk about ions, we were still without any clear accepted doctrine as to the conditions which deter- mined the attack of oxygen on metals. Personally he had never been in doubt since he had realised that all such actions were essentially electrdytic-he had therefore felt unable to believe in the possibility of the interaction of iron, oxygen, and water taking place in the absence of an electrolyte-water not being an electrolyte. He had also never been able to accept the peroxide explanation; even sup- posing that rusting were inhibited by all substances which decomposed the peroxide, there was no reason to suppose that the destruction of the peroxide could in any way prevent the oxidation of the metal; some other explanation must be sought for th’e stoppage of action.Mr. A. R. LINGrecounted his experiences with an acid water, derived from the red sandstone of Somersetshire, which vigorously attacked iron, producing rust. This action was prevented by adding to the water 7 grains per gallon of lime, but an equivalent amount of sodium carbonate was without effect. Caustic alkalis in equivalent amount prevented rusting only so long as the water was kept out of contact with the atmosphere. Rusting occurred also in presence of alkali sulphites. Dr. GOULDINGpointed out that the hydrogen peroxide solutions employed in Dunstan, Jowett, and Goulding’s experiments did not contain free mineral acid, as Dr.Moody had stated, but were purified in all cases. The method usually adopted was to shake the solution thoroughly with barium carbonate, and afterwards to boil it under reduced pressure in order to eliminate carbon dioxide, Mr. W. A. DAVISreferred to the ;opinion expressed by Prof, 103 Dunstan and his colleagues in their pnper, that Yr. hfoody had “misread” the account given by Giorgis (G‘cmsettn,1891, 21, 510) of the action of hydrogen peroxide on magnesiuin. The tenor of this paper is to show that hydrogen peroxide when freed as far as possible from carbon dioxide attacks magnesium very much less readily than ordinary hydrogen peroxide containing carbon dioxide. Dr. Moody’s statement that (‘hydrogen peroxide when carefully freed from carbon dioxide is practically without action on magnesium,” is but a para-phrase of Giorgis’ own conclusion that pure magnesium ‘(i: ossidato in minima quantitd dall’ acqua ossigenata neutra.” Giorgis’ hydrogen peroxide was not strictly neutral, but very slightly acid (appenancida), R fact which perhaps accounts for there being any action at all.Dr. H. BORNSsaid that Dr. Moocly had certainly taken great pains to settle the problem definitively, but he should, however, have pre- vented the possibility of access of ozone, nitrogen compounds, sulphurous acid, &c., when finally admitting the air. Dr. Bloom, in reply, said that the method of purifying hydrogen peroxide, as detailed by Dr. Goulding, was obviously inadequate, since in removing one impurity others were introduced, He doubted if acid could be completely removed by such a process without decomposing the whole of the hydrogen peroxide in the solution. With regard to Dr.Borns’ remark, the arrangements for scrubbing the air were such that all acid constituents likely to attack iron were eliminated. *69. ‘;The estimation of carbon in soils.” By Alfred Daniel Hall, Norman Harry John Miller, and Wuma Marmu. Wet combustion with chromic acid has been frequently used for the estimation of carbon in soils, but, as Warington has pointed out, it always gives results too low by 10-20 per cent. This is due to the oxidation of the carbon compounds riot proceeding so far as carbon dioxide, and is shown by the authors to be obviated by the introduc- tion of a short length of red-hot copper oxide between the reacting flask and the alkali used for absorbing the carbon dioxide.The authors employ a Reiset tower for absorbing the carbon dioxide, which is then estimated by double titration, as suggested by Brown and Escombe. DISCUSSION. Dr. VOELCKERthought the process described would be a good one, and it had the advantage that both the carbonic acid and the organic carbon could be estimated in the one portion of soil. It would be interesting to know whether the authors had made a comparative test by Pettit and Schaub’s method (J.Amer. Chern. SOC.,1904, 26, 1640), which consisted in combustion with sodium peroxide. 104 70.(‘Electrolysis of salts of PP’-dimethylglutaric acid.’’ By James Walker and John Kerfoot Wood. Sodium ethyl /3P’-dimethylglutar;xte, when electrolysed in con-centrated aqueous solution, yields as chief product the diethyl ester of PPP‘@-tetramethylsubericacid. This ester, the corresponding acid, and some of its salts are described. Sodium PP’-dimethylglutarate under like conditions yields at the anode chiefly carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. There is formed simultaneously, however, a small quantity of a pentene, C5Hl0,which was proved to be unsymmetrical methylethylethylene. The formation of this compound can only be explained on the assumption of the migration of a methyl group. This affords an analogue to the production of ethyl isolauronolnte on the electrolysis of sodium ortho- ethylcamphorate.71. (‘Bromo-and hydroxy-derivatives of &3P’/Y-tetramethylsuberic acid,” By John Kerfoot Wood. Perkin and Thorpe (Trans., 1899, 75, 48) found that the bromo- esters of PP-dimethylglutaric acid, when heated with alcoholic potash, lose hydrogen bromide and are converted into the caronic acids. The author has investigated ths action of alcoholic potash on the bromo- derivatives of PPP’P’-tetramethylsuberic acid, the ester of which is the direct synthetical product obtained during the electrolysis of sodium ethyl PP-dimethylglutarate. The action iii this case is of a different nature from that investigated by Perkin and Thorpe ;no cyclic compounds were formed, the only products isolated being hydroxy-derivatives of PP/YP’-tetramethylsuberic acid.72. ‘‘Some new o-xylene derivatives.” By George Stallard. A new bromo-o-xylene (CH, :CH, : Br =1 :2 :3) is obtained by hydrolysis of a bromosulphonic acid obtained by Kelbe by brominating o-xylene-4-sulphonic acid. On sulphonation, it gives a mixture of two acids, one of which, the major product, has its substituents in the following positions : CH, :CH, :Br :SO,H = 1:2 :3 :6, as on debromination the o-xylene- 3-sulphonic acid is obtained from it. The substituents OC the other acid are present in the positions : CH, :CH, : Br :SO,H = 1 :2 :3 :4 or 1:2 :3 :5, as the compound is identical with Kelbe’s acid men-tioned above, and isomeric with the acid CH, : CH, :Br :SO,H= 1 : 2 :4 :5, obtained by Jacobsen by sulphonating 4-bromo-o-xylene.105 73. (( A new solvent for gold. Preliminary note.” By James Moir. The author finds that gold-leaf dissolves fairly readily when floated on an acid solution of ordinary thiocarbamide. The aGtion is rapid when a suitable oxidising agent is adtled : for example, when a solution of thiocarbimide is acidified and treated with a little ferric chloride, potassium dichromate, or hydrogen peroxide, the mixture dissolves gold-leaf after less than a minute’s shaking. The solution is not precipitated either by ferrous sulphate or by stannous chloride (except after long stnnding), whence iV follows that the gold is present in solution as part of a complex ion. The gold compound has been isolated in brilliant, colourless, six-sided lozenges, striated parallel to the longest axis, and is identical with a compound which the author has obtained by boiling a mixture of sodium aurichloride and thio-carbamide solutions. It is apparently different from the compound AuC1,2CI14N,S, described by Emerson Reynolds and by B.Rathke as being obtained in the reaction between aurichloride and thiocarbamide, since the mean OF four concordant analyses gave Au = 45.42, whereas AuCl,ZCK,N,S requires 51.24 per cent. Both Reynolds and Rathke give the theoretical value for gold in this compound as about 51.05, owing to the use of an incorrect value for the atomic weight of gold. 74. “The molecular condition in solution of ferrous oxalate.A correction.” By Samuel Edward Sheppard and Charles Edward Kenneth Mees. In a paper on this subject (I’l.ans., 1905, 8’7,lS9), the authors found for the dissociation-constant [Fe(C204).2/’~ -the value 0.81 at 20”. [C,O,”Abegg and Schafer working at 25’ find the value 0.37, a discrepancy too considerable to be due to the temperature difference. Professor Abegg, who has very kindly brought this circumstance to the authors’ notice, has also pointed out the cause of this discrepancy. This was due to ‘an error in the authors’ calculation, whereby in calculating the concentration of Fe(Cr04); the permanganate titre for C,O,“ was added. The correct calculation is as follows. The increase in the permanganate titre being 68.4 c.c., of this two-thirds are equal to 45.7 molecules of FeC,O, dissolved.These 45.7 mols. of FeC,O,, taking 45.7 mols. of C,O,” from the 197.8 mols. of C,O,” originally present, form 45.7 mols. of Fe(C,O,),” and leave 197% -45.7 = 153.1 mols. C,O,”, so that K= --45.7 - 0.30,152.1 106 From the accepted results with longer time of stirring, the recalcu- lated value for K is 0.39 at ZOO, in good agreement with Abegg and Schiifer’s value 0.37 at 25’ (Zeit. anorg. Chem., 1905, 45, 317). 75. Acetyl and benzoyl derivatives of phthalimide and phthalamic acid.” By Arthur Walsh Titherley and William Longton Hicks. Phthalic anhydride, like succinic anhydride (Tyans., 1904, 85, 1679), interacts with sodium benzamide, as well as sodium acetamide, yielding the corresponding acylphthalamic acids, CO,H* C,H,*CO*NH*COR.The latter readily undergo internal condensation on treatment with acetyl chloride, giving the acylphthalimides, C,H,<co>N*COR,co identical with products obtained by the acylation of phthalimide, namely, benzoylphthalimide by pyridine benzoylation and acetylphthalimide, which has already been described by Aschan (Ber., 1886, 18,1400), by heating phthalimide with acetic anhydride. Both acylphthalimides decompose on cautiously warming with aqueous scdium carbonate, the imide ring undergoing hydrolytic rupture with formation of the corresponding acylphthalamic acid, CO,H*CY,H,*CO*NH*COR.Aschan, on the other hand, stated that acetylphthalimide was hydrolysed with alkalis, giving phthalimide and acetic acid.The authors cannot confirm this observation, but show that when hydrolysis occurs it is preceded by rupture of the cyclic imido-grouping. Similar observations have been made by one of the authors (l’rccns., 1904, 85, 1686) in the case of benzoyl-succinimide, which on hydrolysis first yields benzoylsuccinamic acid, and finally succinic and benzoic acids and ammonia. 76. The dynamic isomerism of phloroglucinol.” By Edgar Percy Hedley. It is well known that alkalis a.nd acids affect the equilibrium existing between two isomerides in solution, and that the action of the alkali is to increase the oscillatory change in one direction, whilst the acid, on the other hand, decreases it. If phloroglucinol exists in solution in two forms-the enolic and ketonic modifications-then the position and persistency of the absorp- tion band ought to undergo modification in the presence of alkali, and ought, in fact, to be displaced towards the less refrangible end of the spectrum. On the other hand, in the presence of acid, the persistency of the band ought to be decreased and become more like that of 107 phloroglucinol trimethyl ether.These arguments mere fully borne out by experimental test. Lowry has pointed out that in some cases the solvent affects the equilibrium between dynamic isomerides. It was therefore thought advisable to examine whether in the case of phloroglucinol the solvent had any effect. Any non-ionising solvent mould be suitable, provided it transmitted the ultra-violet light to a sufficient extent.Accordingly ether, a good and diactinic solvent, was used, and was found to have no effect on the spectrum. The following conclusions were established : (1) that in neutral solutions phloroglucinol exists in both modifications, the enol being greatly in preponderance over the keto-form, and (2) that this equilibrium is undisturbed by the class of solvent. 77.4‘Studies in asymmetric synthesis. V. Asymmetric syntheses from I-bornyl pyruvate.” By Alexander McHenzie and Henry Wren. The authors have examined the reduction of I-bornyl pyruvate by aluminium amalgam, and find that an asymmetric synthesis of I-lactic acid may be accomplished in accordance with the scheme : CH,*CO*CO,H (inactive) -+ cH,-co*co,*c,,H~~(active) -3 CH3*6H(OH)*C02*CloHl;(active) -+ CH,~H(OH)-CO,H (active), The actions of magnesium ethyl iodide, magnesium isobutyl iodide, magnesium phenyl bromide, and magnesium a-naphthyl bromide respectively on I-bornyl pyruvate, and of magnesium isobutyl iodide and magnesium a-naphthyl bromide respectively on I-menthyl pyruvate, have been studied.The results obtained are contrasted with those recorded in a previous paper with the object of comparing the effect, first, of the active menthyl and bornyl groups, and, secondly, of the various alkyl (or aryl) halides used on the extent of the asymmetric syntheses of the resulting substituted glycollic acids. 78. “ 1-Methylcyclohexyliden e -(4)-ace tic acid.” By William Henry Perkin, jun., and William Jackson Pope, The current number of the Berichte (I906,39,1171) contains a paper by W. Markwald and R. Meth, in which these investigators describe the synthesis of an acid to which they assign the formula 108 and which they have resolved into active moaifications by fractional crystallisation of the cinchonine salts. During the last three years, the authors have been engaged in an attempt to prepare a substance which, while not containing an asymmetric carbon atom, is yet capable of existing in optically active modifications, and it is noteworthy that one of the substances selected for examination was methylcyclohexylideneacetic acid. Since, however, the method of preparation is quite different from that of Markwald and Meth, and the results obtained are not in agreement with theirs, the following prelimin~ry account of the authors' experiments is now put forward.Ethyl hexahydro-p-toluate is converted into Jbexahydro-p-tolyl-carbinol, CHMe<CHo.CH,CH2*CH2>CH*CH2*OH, by redwtion with sodium YY and alcohol. This curbinol distils at 197" and is readily converted into hexahydro-p-tolyl byomide (b. p. 135'/150 mm.) by the action of hydrobromic acid at 120'. When this bromide is heated with potassium cyanide and the product hydrolysed, it yields Jiexuhydyo-p- tolylacetic acid, C,,,<~~,2:~~:>CH*CH,.C02H, which melts at 73-74' and is readily acted on -by phosphorus pentachloride and bromine with formation of a-bromolhexahydro-p-tolylacetic mid (m.p. The ester of this bromo-acid is decomposed by boiling with diethyl- aniline with elimination of hydrogen bromide and formation of ethyZ methylcyclohexp?ideneucetrxte, which distils at 15S0/100 mm., and, on hydrolysis, yields the free acid, CHMe<~~:~~:>C:CHCo,H. The methylcyclohexylideneacetic acid thus bbtained crystallises from formic acid in glistening plates and melts at 70-71', whereas the acid described by Markwald and Meth, and to which these authors assign this constitution, melts sharply at 40-41'. The method of preparation seems to leave no doubt that the acid melting at 70-7 1" is methylcylohexylideneacetic acid, whilst the acid of melting point 40-41' described by Markmald and Neth is ~~ possibly tho isomeric acid, cHhTe<~:~~(<>C* CH,*CO,H.The fact that, when heated with strong caustic potash, it is decom- CH,.CH, >CO,posed into 4-methylcyclohexanone, CHMe<CH,,CH, and acetic acid is easily explained on this assumption. It is well known that an unsaturated acid which contains the double linking in the py-position is readily converted, by the action of strong caustic potash, into the corresponding ap-unsaturated acid, and 109 this isomeric change may have taken place in the case of Markwald and Meth’s acid prior to the decomposition into methyleyelohexanone and acetic acid. The authors are investigating this matter further, and are also engaged in a series of experiments with the object of resolving the acid melting at 70-7 lo into optically active modifications. 79.“Condensation of benzophenone chloride with a-and @-naphthols.” By George William Clough. By heating a-naphthol with benzophenone chloride, the author has prepared di-a-hydroxynaphthyldiphenylmethane,the acetyl and benzoyl derivatives of which have also been obtained. When benzophenone chloride was added to a boiling solution of @-naphthol in xylene, the product obtained was di-P-naphtboxy-diphenylmethane, which is hydrolysed by dilute sulphuric acid into @-naphthol and benzophenone. The action of sodium a-naphthoxide on benzophenone chloride resulted in the formation of the inner anhydride of a-naphthyl-diphenylcarbinol, and the same substance was also obtained by adding a-naphthol to a boiling solution of the ketone chloride in light petroleum.This compound is yellow and the quinonoid formula, c6H5>C=/-\-0,\-/-has been assigned to it. C,H5 /\\-/Sodium P-naphthoxide interacts with benzophenone chloride in a similar manner to form a red, crystalline substhce, to which the 0 I/ following formula is ascribed : ‘GH5>C=/-\C,H, \-/‘/\\-/Them coloured compounds are soluble in concentrated sulphuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids respectively, the a-compound giving violet and the P-compound green solutions in these acids. A condensation of benzophenone itself with a-naphthol has also been effected by heating these substances in the presence of zinc chloride and hydrogen chloride at 150-160°.The product obtained was a-oxydinaphthyldiphenylmethane,C(C6€€6)a<C10H6>0, the condensa- CH 10 6 tion resembling that of acetone with a-naphthol (Dianin, Abstr., 1893, i, 214). Its solution in concentrated sulphuric acid is yellow and exhibits a green fluorescence, 110 80. ‘(The constitution of cerulignone (cedriret). A preliminary note.” By James Moir. On the authority of Liebermann, Hofmann, and others, it has been accepted that ccerulignone is tetramethoxyldiphenoquinone : in addition, several strictly analogous substance? have been prepared and formulated by their discoverers as the corresponding tetra-chloro-, -bromo-, -amino-, and -hydroxy-deriva tives of diphenoquinone.Now diphenoquinone itself, 01/= /=‘\=O, has recently\_>==\=/been prepared by Willstatter and Kalb (Ber., 1905, 38, 1232), and the author finds that its properties are quite different from those of cedriret and its analogues, and that, in fact, diphenoquinone is a true para-quinone, whereas cedriret and its analogues do not possess any quinonoid property except colour. Their properties are : (1)complete inso1ubilit)g in organic solvents ;(2) metalloid lustre ;(3) decomposition on heating without melting or subliming ; (4) intense colorations- blue to crimson-with sulphuric acid ; (5) characteristic colour reactions with alkali ; (6) production of complex sulphonates of high molecular weight through the action of sodium sulphite. Such properties as these indicate molecular complexity and a polyquinonoid constitution.The author finds that the ‘‘diphenoquinhydrone ” of Willstatter and Kalb (Zoc. cit.) is the true parent substance of cedriret, since it possesses all the foregoing properties. Nevertheless, it is doubtful at present whether this substance is really a simple quinhydrone, that is, a direct additive product of diphenoquinone and diphenol ; some of its reactions indicate a larger molecular weight and higher percentage of oxygen than the formula C,,H,,O, requires. The substance described by Magatti as tetrabromodiphenoquinone (Ber., 1881, 13,226) has been studied more in detail. In the first place, it is quite :different from the true tetrabromodiphenoquinone, which the author has prepared by oxidising tetrabromodiphenol with lead peroxide, and which forms transparent, orange crystals, is soluble in many organic solvents, and otherwise resembles diphenoquinone. Magatti’s substance contains a lower percentage of bromine than is required by such a formula as C1,H402Br4, and Magatti’s analysis in support of this formda may be set aside as probably fictitious, since he has miscalculated the theoretical proportion of bromine and yet his analysis agrees with the assumed theoretical value.The compound gives, even in traces, a magnifikent crimson shade with sulphuric acid, and on digestion with alkali forms a derivative which closely resembles indigotine in colour and coppery lustre ; this can be also prepared 111 directly by careful oxidation of an alkaline solution of tetrabromo-diphenol with iodine or potassium ferricyanide. The orientation of the bromine atoms in tetrabromodiphenol has been settled to be as in the formula Br Br (3 :5 :3’ :5’-tetrabromo-4:4’-dipheiiol). since the sole product of the oxidation of its diacetate was 3 :5-dibromo-4-acetonylbenzoicacid. Finally, two new analogues of cedriret have been prepared by oxidising the compounds Br Br S0,K S03K HO/-\ /-\OH and /-\-/-\OH\-/-\-/ \-/ \-/c*3 CH, S03K S03K respectively ; the former has a green, graphite-like lustre and gives a maroon shade with sulphuric acid, whilst the latter, easily soluble in water, has a very dark indigo colour.81. A comparative crystallographic study of the perchlorates and permanganates of the alkalis and the ammonium radicle.” By Thomas Vipond Barker.The perchlorates of potassium, rubidium, cazhm, and ammonium form an isomorphous group similar to that of the permanganates of the same metals, which were investigated by Muthmann. The salts are orthorhombic and possess perfect cleavages parallel to the basal plane and the prism. All the constants of rubidium perchlorate determined are intermediate between those of potassium and caesium perchlorates ; ammonium perchlorate, again, lies very close to rubidium perchlorate, as does also thallium perchlorate according to Roscoe’s measurements. The series, therefore, resembles the isomorphous groups investigated by Tutton.On comparing the perchlorates with the per- manganates, it is found that the effect of replacing an atom of chlorine by one of manganese is much the same as that induced by the substitution of sulphur by selenium, say, in the sulphates of the same metals. The crystallographic evidence for placing manganese in the seventh group of the periodic classification, so far as such evidence goes, is therefore of the strongest possible kind. Five crops of isomorphous mixtures of potassium perchlorate and permanganate of varying composition were measured, In one crop 112 only, corresponding very closely to the formula K2(C10,)(Mn0,), were abnormal angles found, that is, angles the values of which lie outside those of the constituent salts; moreover, these angles were all in one zone, in which the faces were possibly vicinal.82. ‘‘ Contributions to the theory of isomorphism based on experi-ments on the regular growths of crystals of one substance upon those of another.” By Thomas Vipond Barker. The parallel growths of *:sodium nitrate on cleavage surfaces of calcite are independent of the locality or variety of the calcite so long as a good, fresh cleavage surface is obtainable. Regular growths of rhombohedra of the nitrate were also obtained upon certain other forms of calcite, for example, the prism, scalenohedron, a steep rhombo- hedron, and the rare prism (110) ; in all cases a pair of similar edges of the calcite and sodium nitrate are congruent. The effect of a mag-netic field on the orientation’ of the crystals was purely negative.No parallel or regular growths could be obtained on the other minerals of the calcite group-dolomite, calamine, chalybite, rhodocrosite, diallogite, and breunnerite-nor on barytocalcite. The failure of the latter minerals to induce a parallel deposition is probably not due to a difference of symmetry or of angle (or axial ratio), but to a dis-similarity of molecular volume, and hence of topic axes also. This view is strengthened by the discovery of parallel growths among the members of another and more numerous series of isostructural minerals and salts : potassium perchlorate and permanganate are de- posited (from aqueous solution) upon barytes, celestine, and anglesite in parallel position, whereas the perchlorates of rubidium, caesium, ammonium, and thallium and the permanganates of rubidium, caesium, and ammonium are not, Here, again, those salts which do form parallel growths are characterised by a closeness of molecular volume to those of the minerals on which they are deposited, while similarity of angle (or of axial ratios) is not sufficient to induce a parallel growth.If the above substances be arranged in order of topic axes, it is seen that potassium perchlorate and permanganate fall next to the three minerals mentioned. Since calcite and sodium nitrate resemble each other so closely in all their physical properties, and since calcite relieves supersaturation in a metastable solution of the nitrate, the conclusion is drawn that these isostructural substances are also to be regarded as isomorphous, although mixed crystals are not obtainable.Many unsuccessful attempts were made to obtain regular growths of other salts on other minerals, more especially of cubic salts on cubic minerals and potassium nitrate on aragonite ; but regular growths of 113 potassium bromide, iodide, and nitrate and sodiiim nitrate on mica, and of quinol on calcite, were obtained. All the perchlorates and permnriganntes mentioned yield parallel growths on each other, but it was found that pairs of isomorphous salts, the molecular volumes of which are almost identical, form zonal growths (" Schichtkrystnlle ") rather than parallel growths. 83. '' Constitution of salicin.Synthesis of pentamethyl salicin." By James Colquhoun Irvine and Robert Evstafieff Rose. Snlicin mas alkylated by means of the joint action of silver oxide and methyl iodide, with the production of pentamethyl salicin. The process was carried out in the first instance in methyl-alcoholic solution, and, after the alkylation had proceeded far enough, methyl iodide was used as solvent. The product crystallised in delicate needles (m. p. 62-64'), readily soluble in organic solvents and giving [a]? -52.15' in alcoholic solution. Emulsin was found to be without action on the compound, and even dilute mineral acids readily converted it into a resinous mass resembling saliretin. The hydrolysis was therefore carried out indirectly by prolonged heating at 100" of a solution of the substance in methyl alcohol containing 0.25 per cent..of hydrochloric acid. Tetramethyl glucose was thus produced and afterwards converted into the equi- librium mixture of a-and p-tetramethyl methylglucosides. The alkgl- ated glucosides were isolated and then hydrolysed to give tetramethyl glucose (m. p. 54-S6'). This reaction proves that salicin (and hence also helicin and populin) contains the same y-oxidic linking as the methylglucosides and sucrose. Further evidence on this point was obtained in the synthetical preparation of pentamethyl salicin. On heating saligenin and tetra-methyl glucose to 120' in benzene containing 0.25 per cent. of hydro-chloric acid, condensation took place with the formation of a mixture of saligenin tetramethyl glucosides and octamethyl glucosidoglucoside.After separation of the alkylated dissacchnride, the mixt lire was methylated by the silver oxide reaction and a compound, identical in every respect with the pentamethyl salicin prepared directly from the glucoside, was isolated from the product. 84. A product of the action of isoamyl nitrite on pyrogallol." By Arthur George Perkin and Alec Bowring Steven. When an alcoholic solution of pyrogallol is oxidised with acetic acid and isoamyl nitrite, a small quantity (1.3 per cent.) of pale salmon- coloured leaflets separate (m.p. 303"). The main bulk of this product is coloiirless, may be obtained t~sminute prisms melting at 206-208” tvith effervescence, and has the composition C,H,O,. With acetic acid and zinc dust it gives pyrogallol, with acetic anhydride and zinc dust triacetylpy~ogallol(m.p. 160-1 62’) ;its acetyl derivative, C,H,O,(C,W)7forms colourless leaflets (m. p. 283-285’), and also yields triacetyl- pyrogallol in a similar manner. The substance CGH,O, dissolves sparingly in boiling acetic acid and alcohol with some decomposition, and by means of boiling water yields purpurogallin, C,,H,O,. The re- action studied in detail with the crude substance (m. p. 203’) showed that in this way a compound C,,H,,07P (colourless prisms, m. p. 242---243”) and an orange-brown resin, both readily soluble in water, are also formed. Owing to the poor yield it has not been possible to study this product further, but it appears likely that it may consist of hydrozy-o-benxoquinone: 85.“A reaction of ellagic and flavellagic acids.” By Arthur George Perkin. When ellagic acid is heated at about 230’ with 100 per cent, sulphuric acid, it is oxidised with formation of a new compound which crystallises from pyridine in small, yellow, prismatic needles and is soluble in strong alkalis with a greenish-yellow tint, changing to blae on dilution. It appears to have the formula C1,H,O,, (found C =50.01; H =2~17)~ m. p.gives a hexacetgZ derivative [needles, Cl,Hlo(C2H30)~, 324-329O ; found C = 53-18 ; H = 3.32 ; C,,H,O,, =57-24], and dyes mordanted fabrics more readily than ellagic acid. PliLvellagic acid behaves similarly [found for Cl,H,Olo, C= 50.09 ; 2-08; and for C,,0,,(C,H,0)6. C =53-12 ; H =3.34 per cent.].86. ‘(Some thio-and dithio-carbamide derivatives of ethylene-aniline and the ethylenetoluidines.” By Oliver Charles Minty Davis. In the interaction of ethyleneaniline and the ethylenetoluidines with the thiocarbimides, several instances of steric hindrance were observed, the position of the substituent methyl group in the ethylenetoluidines and the tolylthiocarbimide having an important bearing both on the time of reaction and also on the nature of the product. One molecule of ethyleneaniline unites with two molecules of allyl-, 115 yhenyl-, o-tolyl-, or p-tolyl-t2iiocarbimi~eto form symmetrical dithio- carbamide derivatives, but with ?,2-tolylthiocal.bimide only 1 molecule of each unites to form an asymmetrical substituted thiocarbamide.Ethylene-o-toluidine reacts with difficulty to give asymmetrical derivatives with phenyl-, m tolyl-, and p-tolyl-thiocarbimides, whilst with allyl-and 0-tolyl-thiocarbimides the yield was exceedingly small. Ethylene-m-toluidine gives symmetrical derivatives with phenyl- and p-tolyl-thiocarbimides, but with allyl-, o-tolyl-, and m-tolyl- thiocarbimides asymmetrical derivatives result. Ethylene-p-t oluidine gives an asymmetrical derivative with nz-tolylthiocarbimide, but with other thiocarbimides symmetrical derivatives are formed. With the ethylenetoluidines, the ortho- and meta-positions therefore seem to modify the reactions, but with the thiocarbimides the meta- position only has this effect.The foregoing compounds interact with mercuric oxide in alcoholic solution when heated at about 140" in sealed tubes, oxygen replacing sulphur. The product from ethyleneaniline and phenylthiocarbimide appears to be identical with a compound synthesised from ethylene- aniline and phenylcarbirnide. At the next Ordinary Meeting, on Thursday, May 3rd, 1906, at 8.30 pm., there will be a ballot for the election of Fellows, and the following paper mill be read : ''The relation between absorption spectra and chemical constitu- tion. Part V. The isonitroso-compounds." By E. C. cf. Baly, E. G. Marsden, and A. W. Stewart. CERI!iFI[ChTES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.B.-The names of those who sign from (‘General Knowledge ” are printed in italics.The foliowing Candidates have been proposed for election. A bdlot will be held on Thursday, May 3rd, 1906. Barrett, Ernest, B.Sc., 56, Elswick Eoad, Lewisham, S.E. Schoolmaster. Three years’ study of Chemistry at University College, London, under Sir William Ittamsay. Took the B.Sc. degree of London University with 2nd class honours in Chemistry in Oct., 1905. Now engaged in research work under Dr. Lapworth at Gold- smiths’ College, New Cross. J. Norman Collie. Samuel Smiles. Edward C. Cyril Baly. Arthur Lapwort h. A? T.M. IVilsmore. Beckett, Richard Henry, Inval, Haslemere, Surrey. Professor of Chemistry, Nagpur, and Government Chemist to the Central Provinces, India.Obtained degree of B.Sc. (Lond.), with First Class Honours in Chemistry, Teaching Associate of the Royal College of Science in Chemistry. Two years assisted in teaching Chemistry in the laboratories of the Royal College of Science. William A. Tilden. Chapman Jones. 3%.0.Forster. James C. Philip. G. T. Morgan. Birt, Roderick Harold Capper, 54, Shooters Hill Road, Blackheath, S.E. Appointed to post as Science Master at Radley College from January next. B.A. (Oxon.), 2nd Class Final Honours, School of Chemistry, 1905. Wm. Odling. W. W. Fisher. H. E. Baker. I). H. Nagel. Allan F. Walden. Leonard G. Killby., Chamberlain, Percy Garratt, 3, Market Place, Rugby. Analytical Chemist. 2nd Class Natural Sciences Tripos, 1902 (Part I); Caius College, Cambridge, B.A., 1902, M.A., 1906.Studied &4nalytical Chemistry under Prof. Fresenius at Wiesbaden, 1902-1 903. M. M. Pattison Muir. R. S. Morrell. S. Ruhemann. G. Stallard. A. G. Chamberlain, Chrystall, Edwin Rodney, Forest Villa, Prince’s Road, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Student of Chemistry at University College for 24 years. William Ramsay. N. T. M. Wilsmore. Samuel Smiles. J. Norman Cctllie. Edward C. Cyril Baly. J. K. H. Inglis. Cooper, Herbert Reginald, Redington, Northwood, R.S.O. Student at University College. 34 years in Sir W.Ramsay’s Litboratory at University College, London. William Ramsay. N. T. M. Wilsinore. J. Normm Collie. Edward C. Cyril Baly. Samuel Smiles.Davidson, Charles, 37, Herriot St., Pollokshields, Glasgom. Analytical Chemist. Chief Chemist with Messrs. Alex. Cross and Sons, Ltd., Glasgow (Manufacturers of Vitriol, Chemical Fertilisers, &c.); author of papers on “Estimation of Nitric Nitrogen” and ‘‘Mechanical Calculation of Weight of Vitriol in Chambers” (in “Cheniical News ”) ; Member of Society of Chemical Industry. Alexander 31. Forrester. W. S. Curphey. Thomas Taylor. A. AI. Neilson. John IVm. Biggart. Dickson, William, BriLnksome, Bridge of Weir. Analytical Chemist. Two years as pupil and one as assistant with R. R. Tntlock and Thomson, Public Analysts ; 3 sessions under Profs. Henderson and Gray in Glasgow Technical College; 2 years in Public Works Laboratories ; at present engaged in chemical research (Pharmaceutical).Thomas Gray. K. ‘l!. ‘I’hotusou. (2. G. Henderson. James Mc Leocl. I<. 1:. Tatlock. flo,*ulioUCCIIUILI~ILB. 118 Duncan, Robert K., Present address : c/o Harper & Brothers, 45,Albemarle Street, W. Permanent address : University of Kansas, U.S,A. Professor of Chemistry, University of Kansas, U.S.A. Author of The New Knowledge and of several contributions to scientific journals. Graduate of the University of Toronto, with first-classhonours. Fellow of Clark University, Worcester, Nass., U.S.A. Professor in Wash- ington and Jefferson College. Just appointed Professor in the Univ. of Kansas. William Ramsay. F. N. A. Fleischmann. J. Norman Collie. G. Carey Foster. Edward C.Cyril Bccly. Feilmann, Ernest, 2A, Dartmouth Road, Brondesbury, London, N.W. Chemist. B.Sc. (Lond.), Ph.D., F.I.C. ; late 1851 Research Scholar. 10 months research chemist with Messrs. Levinstein, Ltd., Man-Chester. 4 years research chemist with “ The Clayton Aniline Co., Ltd.,” Nanchester. 1$years works chemist with Messrs. Brooke, Simpson, and Spiller, Ltd., London. Joint paper on “A Taint in Milk,” with J. Golding, J. SOC.Chem. Ind., 1905. Frank Clowes. Frank Evershed. C. F. Cross. E. T. Shelbourne. Edward Bevarn. Foucar, James- Louis, 20, St. John’s Park, Blackheath, London, S.E. Chemist. Bachelor of Science, London University, Honours in Chemistry, qualified for Honours in Experimental Physics snd Geology, an earnest dudent of science in general and of chemistry in particular.. Rudolph Messel.Bernard Dyer. Alfred Gordon Salamon. Alex. McKenzie. Otto Hehner. 0. Silbermd. H. F. C. Goltz. Foy,0. Bertram, 16, Burlington Road, Dublin. Prof. of Experimental Science, H.M. Training College for Teachers, Drumcondra, Dublin. Have been for ten years principal Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry, City of Dublin Technical Schools. Xxaminer in Chemistry to the Board of Intermediate Education and to the Department of Technical Instruction for Ireland for over five years. Author of : (‘Elements of Natural Philosophy,” edited by 119 T. A. Finlay, S.J.M.A., F.R.U.I. ; ‘l The Balance, its Construction and Use,” pamphlet issued by the Board of Technical Instruction, &c.Edmund M. Rich. Wm. J. Wren. A. O’Farrelly. J. HaLwthorne. Spdrwy Young. Gardner, Edward, 70, Parliament Hill Mansions, Highgate Road, N.’tV. Analytical Chemist and Metallurgist. I was educated at Tonbridge School and Finsbury Technical College. Since 1895, I have been with Messrs. Johnson and Matthey, Hatton Garden, as Chemist and Analyst. George Matthey. R. Meldola. John S. Sellon. C. H. Desch. Francis H. Carr. Garvey, Richard Godfrey Hamilton, 25, Park Mansions, Battersea. Mining Engineer. Mining Engineer engaged on water-softening and purifying, metallurgy and assaying. Four years student of Chemistry at Battersea Polytechnic. John Wilson. J. L. White. J. Hart-Smith. S. I. Crookes. H. W. Coupe-Annable.Hall, Richard John, ‘I Sandycroft,” Serpentine Ed., Egreniont, Liverpool. Science Teacher, Wallasey Grammar School and Technical Classes. BLSc., Honours School of Chemistry, Victoria University. A.I.C. (Branch D ”-Organic Chemistry). J. Parry Laws. Sydney 13. Stennitt. Rudolf Lessing . Herbert Henstock. J. W. Kynaston. Hills, James Stuart, 225, Oxford Street, W. Pharmaceutical and Analytical Chemist. Associate of the Insti- tute of Chemistry. Pharmaceutical Chemist. Salters’ Research Fellow (Chemistry), 1903-1905. Original work : l‘ Linin ” [J.C.S., 87, 3271, in conjunction with Prof. W. Palmer Wynne. W. Palmer Wynne. John M. Thomson. J. Norman Collie. Herbert Jackson. Arthur W. Crossley, 120 Lattey, William Tabor, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.Undergraduate. R. T. Lattey. L. C. F. Oldfield. H. E. Baker. H. 0. Jones. W. J. Sell. McCombie, Hamilton, The University, Eirmiiigham. Lecturer and Demonstrator in Cbemistry. M.A. (dberd.), A.R.C.Sc. (Lond.), A.I.C., B.Sc. (Lond.), Ph.D. (Strass.). F. R. Japp. James C. Philip. William A. Tilden. Percy F. Frankland. 33. 0. Forster. Alex. Findlay. G. T. Morgan. ChC6pVU6n Jones. Murray, Thomas Jenkins, The University, Birmingham. Lecturer and Demonslrator in Chemistry, University of Birming-ham. Ph.D. (Leipzig), formerly Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry at the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College. G. G. Henderson. Percy F. Frankland. Thomas Gray. Alex. Findlay. J.K. H. Inglis. Oliver, Edgar Gall, Chigwell School, Esses. Science Master. &I.A. (Cantab.). Foulidation Scholar and Yrizenian of Downing College, Cambridge. Now Science Master at Chig\wll, and am desirous of keeiJing in touch with Chemical Progress. H. Jackson. T. Luxton. Eustace Coddington. Charles T.Hegcock. V. Seymour Bryant. T,A. Nightscales. Ormerod, Ernest, 8, Loopold Road, Wimbledon, S.W. Eesearch Cheniist. Sdters’ Co.’s Research Fellow at the Central Technical College, London. Graduated B.Sc. (Vict.), 1901, X.Sc. (Vict.), 2903, Ph.D. (Bale), 1905. Have held the Levenstein Research Exhibition at Owens College and the Priestley ltesearch Scholarship at Birmingli~~iuUniversity. Five years’ research work under Prof eswrs 121 Perkin, Frankland, and Emibergcr.T,xt,e private assistant to Prof. Ramberger at Ziirich. Henry E. Armstrong. Robert J. Caldwell. Gerald T.Moody. William Robertson. William A. Davis. Edmaid Horton. J. H. Johnston. Richardson, Lawrence George, 14,Ashgrove, Horton, Bradford. Analytical, Consulting, and Dyer’s Chemist. Student at Bradford Technical College from January, 1899, to July, 1901. Private Assist- ant to Prof. W. 11. Gardner from July, 1901, to December, 1901. Chemist at Bowling Dyeworks (Edwd. Ripley & Son, Ltd.), from 1302 to December, 1905. Walter M. Gardner. Joseph R. Denison. A. B. Knaggs. Thorp Whitaker. B. North. Scouller, Walter Daly, 7, Stamp Office Place, Wakefield. Chemist in the West Riding of Yorkshire Rivers Board Laboratory ; studied science and industrial chemistry at the Yorkshire College (now University of Leeds), 1896-1900.Graduated B.Sc. (Vict.) in 1899. Since 1900, chemist in the West Riding Rivers Board Laboratory. Arthur Smithells. C. E. Whiteley. J. B. Cohen. W. Lowson. H. R. Procter. H. T. Calvert. Sommerville David, 31, Manor House, Marylebone. B.A. (Chemistry and Physiol.), M.D., &c. Lecturer in Public Health, King’s College, London. Late Demonstrator of Physiology, St. Thomas’s Hosp. Med. Schl., and Demonstrator of Toxicology, King’s College, London. Physician. Author of Practical Sanitary Science (a Handbook for the Public Health Laboratory). Author of various papers on Sewage, Foods, Standardisa1,ion of Disinfectants, &c.R. Meldola. Patrick H, Kirkaldy. Rudolf Lessing. John M. Thomson. Herbert Jackson, D. Northall Laurie. Spencer, James Frederick, 134, Rice Lane, Walton, Liverpool. B.Sc. (Vict.), M.Sc. (L’pool), Ph.D. (Breslau). Have published in the Society’s Journal, Zeitschrz$t fii. Anorganische Chemie, and Zeit - 122 sclwijft fur Elektrochemie, on Pyridine and E‘urf uvol compounds, and several papers on Thallium and on Amalgams. William Ramsay. N. T. M. Wilsmore. J. Norman Collie. Samuel Smiles. Edward C. Cyril Baly. W. Lester Alton. Sproxton, Foster, Uplands, Alexandra Park Road, Wood Green, N. Research Student. B.Sc. London (Honours Chemistry), 1905. Research Student at University College. F. N. A. Fleischmann.Edward C. Cyril Baly. Samuel Smiles. A. IV.Stewart. W. R. Tuck. Storey, Francis W., 42, Ellerdale Street, Lewisham, S.E. Teacher. Has obtained his B.Sc. degree of London University in 1905; worked for three years in the chemical laboratories of Univer-sity College, London, at Analytical Chemistry; is training for a teacher of science. William Ramsay. N. T. M. Wilsmore. J. Norman Collie. Edward C. Cyril Baly. W. Lester Alton. Tempany, Harold Augustine, St. Johns, Antigua, B.W.I. Assistant Govt. Analyst for Leeward Islands. B.Sc. London, As-sociato Institute Chemistry. Studied at University College, London. Formerly second assistant chemist to Mesers. Gorton Hill & Co. Part author of papers on “Inversion of Cane Sugar in presence of Milk Constituents ” and ‘‘ The Polarimetric Determination of Sucrose.” Francis Watts.W. Lester Alton. Leonard Temple Thorne. Herbert Jackson. William Ramsay. E.Haynes Jefers. J. Norman Collie. Turner,George Augustus,‘‘Alma House,” Strandtown, Belfast. Chemist. At the South London School of Pharmacy from January 1902 till October 1903. Member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and also the Assistant’s qualification of the Pharmaceutical 123 Society of Trelancf. Is desirom of coming into closer cont1rtct with pure Chepistry and its progress. A. H. M. Muter. Will. F. hIawer. Robert Barklie. A. Percy Hoskins. J. W. Epps. John H. B. Wigginton. John Muter. Watson, John Adam, 8, Powis Gardens, Notting Hill, W.At present a Student at the Central Technical College, engaged in research work under Professor H. E. Armstrong. H. E. Armstrong. William A. Davis. Gerald T. Moody. William Robertson. T. Martin Lomry. Edward Horton. West, John Henry, 11, Sydney St., Chelsea, S.W. Chief Chemist to the Kennicott Water Softener Co., 29, Gt. St. Helens, E.C. Associate of the City and Guilds Institute in the Department of Applied Chemistry ;Joint author with Dr. T. M, Lomry of paper on (‘Persulphuric Acids,” published in Proc. Chem. Soc. Henry E. Arinstrong. T. Martin Lowry. F. R. Mallet. Gerald T. Moody. William A. Davis. Robert J. Caldaell. TPilZiccm Robertson. Wiffen, Henry John, 17, Albany Road, Manor Pmk, E. Manufacturing and Analytical Chemist.Certificates from the City and Guilds, Organic and Inorganic. Five years Assistant Chemist, Great Eastern Railway Stores Laboratory. Chemist for six years with Messrs. Herring, Giles, & Co., Stratford, E. D. G. Riddick. E. Haynes Jeffers. T. PitzGibbon. Geo. Pccttemon. L. T. Thorne. Wyatt-Edgell,Cecil, Cowrey Place, Exeter. Chief Science Master, High Sch., Nemcastle, Staffs. 2nd C1. Honours Chem. Finals (Oxf. Univ.), 1904. H. B. Baker. N. V. Sidgwick. W. W. Fisher. Leonard G. Killby. Allan F. Walden. A. Afzgel. 124 The following Corhificatcs mere aiithoriscd far pwsent:tt>ion ti) I)nllot, by the Council under Bye-JJaw I: (3) :-Gupta, Hem Chandra Dutt, ‘‘ Guptanibar,” Krishnagar (Dist. Nnclin), Beiigd. Professor of Chemistry, Tej Nnrayau Jnbilee College, I3hagalp,ur, Beiigal.Studied Chemistry for some 3 years at the Presideiicy College, Calcutta; took the degree of MA, of the Calcutta Univer- sity in Chemistry. Professor of Cheinistry in the T. N. Jubilee College, Bhagalpur, Bengnl. J. B. Bliaduri. P. C. RzZy. J. Sen. Mukerjee, Ram Chandra, B.A., Jaipur, Xajputana, India. Professor of Chemistry, Maharaja’s College, Jaipur. Has studied Chemistry for several years and is at present employed as Professor of Chemistry, Maharaja’s College, Jaipur, where he has to teach Theoretical and Analytical Chemistry. A. Xnnyal. Gopal Ch. Ranerjee.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9062200093
出版商:RSC
年代:1906
数据来源: RSC
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