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Issued 311211895 P R 0C E E D I ‘NG S OP TEE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. EDITED BY THE SECRETARIES. No. 156. Session 1895-96. November 21st, 1895. Mr. A. G. Vernon Harcourt, President, in the Chair. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. ,Toseph Edwin Alger Blyde, Nether House, Rnnmoor, Sheffield ; Arnold Eiloart, 2, Lansdowne Road, East Croydoii ; Walt’er Thomas Grice, 9, Dalhousie Squaw, Calcutta ; James William Helps, 3, Tavistock Road, Crojdori ; Laurence W. Matthieson, 104, Grove Road, Bow, E. ; Thomas Francis Rntter, The Huish School, Taunton ; ArthI;ir Philip Salt, Snnnyside, Pinner Road, Harrew ; Amrita La1 Sircar, 51, Sankaritola, Calcutta ; Benjamin Bci~mrtl Turner, 28, Lady Somerset Road, N.W. ; and of Cass L. Kennicotk, 4050, Ellis Arc., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A., approved by the Couiicil under Bye-laws 1,3.THC PRESIDESTannounced that a letter of thanks had been received from the French Academy, for the address presented by the Society 011 the occasion of the centeiiary of the Academy, on Octoher 25th. Of the following papers those marked jAr were wad :-“135. “The influence of temperature on refractive power, and on the refraction equivalents of acetyl-acetone and of ortho- and pnra- toluidine.” By W.H. Perkin, Ph.D., F.R.S. The autlior points out that wliilst he has proved thab the refrac-tion equivalent of certain compounds is sabject to variation at different temperatures, and Briihl has observed I he sarne fact, his numbers, and those obtained by Bruhl, are not in agreement.In the 200 case of acetylacetone, the toluidines, and other compounds, it is observed that the two sets of determinations agree closel~ for ordi- nary at,mospheric temperatures, but at higher temperatures Briihl’s nunibers show an increase, whilst the author obtains smaller num- bers at higher temperatures. The author has satisfied himself that the apparatus used hy him (Trans., 1892, 288), consisting of a hollow prism heated in an air-bath, furnishes uniform results, and by making observations with different specimens of material, he has proved that the differences between his numbers and Bruhl’s cannot be ascribed to impurity. Since the results for higher temperatures obtained by Nasini and Bernheimer, and by Kettler, using more or less independent methods, agree with the autlior’s, he concludes that there must be some hitherto undiscovered error in the use of Bruhl’s refi-actometer at any temperature much above that of the atmosphere. “136.‘I The evolution of carbon monoxide by alkaline pyrogallol solution during absorption of oxygen.” By Frank Clowes, D.Sc. It has long been known that under certain conditions carbon mon- oxide is evolved during the absorption of oxygen by alkaline pyro- gallol. When a solution, 100 C.C. of which contains 10 grams of pyrogallol and 24 grams of potassium hydroxide, is used for the absorption of oxygen, it evolves no ccrbon monoxide until the per- centage of oxygen in the gaseous mixture exceeds 28.The carbon monoxide evolved, however, increases in amount as the percentage of oxygen rises above that limit, until the carbon monoxide finally reaches about 6 per cent. of the volume of oxygen absorbed. The process of estimation of oxygen is rendered perfectly accu-rate if the carbon monoxide which has been produced during the absorption is removed by means of cuprous chloride solution before r;he reading is taken. Experiments with pyrogallol solution containing larger propor- tions of potassium hydroxide than that given above proved that the evolntion of carbon monoxide may be entirely prevented under all conditions if the potassium hydroxide is present in sufficiently large proportion. A solution, 100 C.C.of which contains 10 grams of pyrogallol and 120 grams of potassium hydrate, proved perfectly satisfactory in this respect ; the weight of pyrogallol may be reduced to 5 grams in .this solution.A solution containing 18 per cent. of quinol (h ydroquinone) and 24 per cent. of potassium hydroxide absorbed oxygen slowly, but .the absorption was complete, and no carbon monoxide was evolved. It is therefore evident that serious error may arise in estimating .the proportion of oxygen present in a mixture containing only small proportions of other gases, unless the absorbent pyrogallul solution is prepaiwd of suitable strength, or unless the absorption of oxygen is followed by the treat'ment of the residual gas with cuprous chloride solution. *137. "The composition of the limiting explosive mixtures of various combustible gases with air." By Frank Clowes, D.Sc.A series of experiments were made with mixtures in varying pro- portions of each combustible gas with air. A flame was brought into contact with each mixture, sometimes above and sometimes below, aod it was noted whether the mixture burnt back independently of the external air. For each combustible gas there was thus obtained R lower percentage below which the mixture would not burn inde- pendently, and a higher percentage, above which the gas burnt independently only when it was supplied with more air. The limiting percentages were as follows :-For methane, 5 and 13; for hydrogen, 5 and 72; for carbon monoxide, 13 and 75; for ethylene, 4 and 22 ; for water-gas, 9 and 55 ; for coal-gas, 5 and 28.It was also proved that many mixtures which were outside but close to the above limits, and which could not be fired from above, could be fired from below. Hence it is inferred :-1. That the limitring explosive mixtures for different combustible gases vary widely. 2. That methane shows the narrowest limits, hydrogen the widest limits. 3. That the risks of a mixture being fired explosively increases with the different gases in the following order :-methane, ethylene, coal -gas, water-gas, cerbon monoxide, hydrogen. 4. That, the risk of explosion is greater when the mixture is kindled from below than when it is kindled from above. DISCIJSSION. Mr. BENKEIT considered that' it would have been a valu-H.BROUGH able addition to Professor Clowes' investigations if the action of other methods of firing had been tried. For it hsd to be remembered that colliery explosions were sometimes due to inflammation by sparks such as mere produced by picks. Some interesting experiments had recently been made in the Moravian Ostrau coalfield in Austria witli an apparatus for testing the liability of gaseous rnixtures to inflam- mation in that way. A wheel was mounted on a vertical axis inside :t casing, which was hermetically sealed and provided with a large removable cover. Definite proportions oE gas were introduced and 202 mixed with the air by revolving the wheel. An iron bar sliding thrmgh the casing was brought against; the revolving wheel, and in case of an explosion the cover, which was secured by a chain, was blown off without further damage."138. '' Note on the estimation of butyric acid." By W. H. Willcox, B.Sc. In the estiniation of butyric acid in the presence of acetic and formic ttcid~, the acids were ireutrnlised by a known excess of calciulli carbonate. Hydrochloric acid was added in sufficient amount to neutrnlise the free calcium carbonate and to liberate the butyric acid from the calcium salt. The solution was distilled, and when the greater part had passed over, steam was passed through the liquid as long as the distillate continued acid. The distillate, which contained the butyric acid, was boiled with pure barium carbonate, t,lie solution filtered,and evaporated to dryness. It was found that when dried at 100' C., the salt did not attain A constant weight even after it had been heated for several weeks, diminutions of about 2 mg.(with 1 to 2 grams of salt) occurring after heat had been applied for three honrs. This loss of weight did not occur at and below 80". Some barium Lutyrate was prepared, and was found to lose weight in a similar manner. At 90-100" C. losses of about 2 mg.occurred with three hours heating of 1.5 grams of salt, acd even at 85" C. loss of weight occurred on continued heating. When the salt was kept at 80" C., however, it speedily arrived at a constant weight, which was lAOt altered by continued heating. These results show that in the estiniation of mixtures of the volatile fatty acids, when butyric acid is present, the fraction of salts containing the butyrate must be dried at 8 temperature not exceeding goo C.; if this temperature is exceeded, loss of weight occurs owing to the decomposi tioii of the butyra te. 139. Some derivatives of authraquinone." By Edward Schunck, Ph.D., F.R.S., and Leon Marchlewski, Ph.D. The authors have prepared the three hitherto unknown metliyl- purpuroxanthins. One of them was obtained by condensation of o-toluic acid with m-hydroxybenzoic acid. It crystallises in orange-coloured needles (m. p. 246'). Its diacel~l derivative is neai-ly coloui-less (m. p. 195"). The other two methylpurpuroxanthins were obtained by conden-sation of m-toluic acid and m-hydroxybenzoic acid.'Phe mixture oC methylpurpuroxanthins produced, yielded two distinct compounds by fywtional crystallisattion from a mixture of alcohol and benzene. Tlic 203 constitution of these compomds was determined by studying the products of their oxidation. The more soluble one gave, on treat-ment with nitric acid, trimellitic acid, while the other one gsLve, on similar treatment, hemimellitic acid. The authors point out that the constitutional formuh proposed by -them (Trans., 1894, 186) for the ethers of alizarin are supported by the work of Lagodzinski (Ber., 1895, 1427), who obtained a mono-methgl ether of alizarin by the condensation of bemipinic acid with benzoic acid. The authors give a more precise account of the ethers of anthra- qninoneoxirne, mentioned by them in a preliminary paper previously published (Bey., 1894, 2125).The methyl ether melts at 147O, the ethyl ether at 97O, and the benzyl ether at 82". 140. "Efflorescence of Double Ferrous Aluminium Sulphate on Bricks exposed to Sulphur Dioxide." By David Paterson. The author has analysed the efflorescence which appears on bricks composing chambers in which wool is bleached with sulphur dioxide. Four analyses were made, and the results agree well with the per- centages required by the formula, Id,( SO4),,FeSO4,24H,O. The salt forms white fibrous crystalline masses resembling asbestos in ap-pearance. It is evidently identical with the salt often found in volcanic regions, and the author's analyses agree well with those made by Forchammer of a specimcn obtained from Iceland.COLLECTIVE INDEX OF THE TRANSACTIONS, ABSTRACTS, AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Volume 11,1873 to 1882. Volume 111,1883 to 1892. The Council, having determined to publish a Collective Index of their publications from 1873 to 1892 inclusive: will issne copies to Fellows who may notify their wish to receive them. Both volumes will be sent to those who were Fellows of the Society before the end of 1882. Volume 111 will be sent to Fellows who have joined the Society between 1st January, 1883 and 31st December, 1892. Fellows who are ineligible to receive copies gratis, and those who may have neglected to apply for them within the prescribed period, may obtain them by purchase at a price to be hereafter fixed.Fellows who desire the Index should notify their wish by letter, enclosing 1s. for cost of distribution, &c., to the Assistant-Secretary, Mr. Robert Steele, Chemical Society, Burlington House, W., before 31st December, 204 1895. For Fellows resident abroad, who should remit %., which may be paid with their annual contribution, the time will be extended to 1st March, 1896. A few copies of Vol. I (1841-72) can still be obtained, price 3s. post free. RESEARCH FUND. A meeting of the Research Fund Committee will be held in December. Applications for grants, accompmied by full particulars, should be sent to the Secretaries before December 11th.At the next meeting on Thursdaj, December 5th, there will be a ballot for the election of Fellows, and the following papers will be read :-“ The constitution of terpenes.” By Professor Armstrong, F.R.S. “ New derivatives from a-dibromo-camphor.” Dr. M. 0. Forster. “ On camphoic acid and its derivatives.” By J. E. Marsh, M.A., mid J. A. Gnrdner. “ The action of brcmine on camphor.” By Professor Armstrong, F.R.S. “ Isom eric 7-bromo- a-nitrocam phors.” By Lhs. Lapworth :tiid Kipping. “ 7r-Dibromocamphoric acid.” By Dr. Kipl)ing. “ Derira tins of a-hydrindone.” By C. Revia and Dr. Kipping. “ Alkaline reduction of mehnitraniline.” By Professor Dileldol~, F.R.S., and E. R.Andrews. “ The chemistry of dibromopropjlthiocarbimide and the action of bromine and iodiiie on allylthiourea.” Professor A. l4. l)ixon. IlAEUISOK ARD SONS, PBlNTEJLS IN OXtYINAXY TO H61t XAJGSTY, ST.MARTIX’S LANE.

ISSN:0369-8718    

DOI:10.1039/PL8951100199

出版商:RSC    

年代:1895

数据来源: RSC