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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 11, No. 154 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 11,
Issue 154,
1895,
Page 135-158
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摘要:
Issued 16/7/1895 PROCEEDINGS OF TEE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. EDITED BY THE SECBE!FARIES. No.154. Session 1894-95. June 20th, 1895. Mr. A. G. Vernon Harcourt, President, in the Chair. Extraordinary General Meeting. The following change in the Bye-laws was proposed from tlie Chair, and passed. In Bye-law 1, the last paragraph, beginning ‘‘The life composition fee,” was struck out and the following inserted :-“ The life composition fee shall be Thirty Pounds, excepting that Fellows who have paid ten annual subscriptions shall pay as life composition fee Twenty Pounds; Fellows who hare paid fifteen annual subscriptions shall pay Fifteen Pounds ; Fellows who have paid twenty annual subscriptions shall pay Twelve Pounds; and FellGws who have paid twenty-five annual subscriptions shall pay ten pounds.” At the ordinary Scientific Meeting which followed, Messrs.George J. Ward, John Wilson, E. S. Barralet and W. A. Greaves were foy-mally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Edward Henry Farr, Uckfield ; Edward Henry Grossman, 12, Alfred Place West, S.W. ; C. E. Harrison, 53, Lansdowne Road, W. The following were duly elected Fellows of the Society. John Croysdale, Joseph Lones, James Morison, Arthur E. Potter, X.A., B.Sc., Edwin James Read, B.A., Albert Joseph Simons. Of tlie following papers those marked * were read. “81. On the ‘isomaltose’ of C. J. Lintner.” By Horace T. Brown, F.R.S., and G. Harris Morris, Ph.D. The paper gives a detailed account of the authors’ investigations into the nature of Lintner’s “ isomaltose,” and their results are summed up in the following conclusions :-1.When the products of a starch-transformation by diastase are submitted to any known process of fractionation, the properties of each and every fraction strictly conform to the “law of definite relation ” of opticity and reducing power. 2. The “ isomaltose ” of C. J. Liutner is not a chemical entity, but can be further split up by careful fractionation with alcohol and by fermentation, in such a manner as to indicate that it is a mixtnrc of maltose and dextrinous siibstances of the malto-dextrin or amyloi‘n class. We must therefore cease to use this term “isomaltose ” in relation to any of the products of the diastatic conversion of starch.3, The crystallisable osazone which Lintner has described as “ isomaltosazone,” and upon which he has mainly founded his belief in the existence of “ isomaltose ” is nothing but “ maltosazone ” modified in its crystalline habit and melting point by the presence of small but variable quantities of mother substance. 4. The substance or substances which are capable of thus modify- ing maltosazone are the products Qf the action of phenylhydrazine on the dextrinous substances mentioned in 2. 5. This can be shown (1) analytically, by careful fractionation of the starch-products by alcohol, and also by fermentation; and (2) syntheticaZZy, by the recrystallisation of pure maltosazone in the presence of the non-crystallisable products of the action of phenyl-hydrazine on the maltodoxtrins 6.The only substance amongst the products of starch-transforma-tion by diastase which is capable of yielding a crysta1lisable osazone, is maltose. 7. The resultls of the investigation bring out very clearly the danger of attempting to identify the carbohydrates in mixtures solely by the properties of their osazones, as these properties are liable to considerable niodificat,ioii by other substances of the same class which may not in themselves be crystallisable or readily separable from aqueous solutions. DISCUSSION. 311,. ARTHURR. LINGclaimed priority on behalf of himself and Nr. J. L. Baker in having pointed out that Lintner’s so-called iso-maltose is not a homogeneous compound (Proc., 1895, 3).In this communication they had also adduced strong evidence in favour of the view that the so-called isomaltose is a mixture of maltose, and the 137 simple dextrin, ClzH?oOlo,and they had proved that the osazone melting at 150-152” has the composition of a bexatriosazone. 82. “Action of diastase on starch: nature of Lintner‘s isomaltose.” By Arthur R. Ling, and Julia L. Baker. In a previous communication (Proc., 1895, No. 146,3), the authors have described the isolation of a substance from the transformation products of starch by the diastase prepared from low-dried or green malt. This substance had appiwximately the optical and cupric reducing powers of Lintner’s so-called isomaltose. Analyses and cryoscopic determinations made with this substance indicated that it had the molecular forniuia Cl,H2zOl,; but the essential difference between it and the so-called isomaltose of Lintner was that it yielded maltosazone togetber witb a very small quantity of an osazone melting at 145-152’ on treatment with phenylhydrazine acetate, whereas Lintner states that his compound yields a single characteristic osazone melting at 150-152’.The authors have examined the low melting osazone obtained from their product, and conclude that it is merely impure maltosazone. More recent experiments carried out by the authors support their view that Lintner’s so-called isomaltose consists of a mixture of maltose and the simple dextrin, C,,H,oOl,, (Zoc. cit.).KO glucose is present among the products of the action of diastase from low-dried malt on starch, and diastase from this source is with- out action on maltose. It was previously shown (Zoc. cit.) that when starch is transformed at 70’ with the diastase prepared from kiln-dried or brewer’s malt, the fraction which should correspond with Lintner’s isomaltose gives, on treatment with phenylhydrazine acetate, glucosazone together with an osazone agreeing in crystalline appearance and melting point with the so-called isomaltosazone of Lintner, but having the composi- tion C1,H30014(N,HPh)2, as if derived from a hexutriose, Cl,H3,O,,. A diligent search has therefore been made for this triose among the transformation products last mentioned, but no crystalline compound has been isolated from them with the exception of maltose.Glucose was invariably present in small amount, and the authors find that when maltose is treated at 70” for two hours with the diastase pre- pared from high-dried malt, the presence of about ‘LO per cent. of glucose is indicated by the increased cupric reducing power and the diminished optical activity ; glucose was also detected qualitatively by the production of glucosazone. Bearing in m,ind the presence of glucose, as also their suggestion that Lintner’s isomal tose contains the simple dextrin, it occurred to the authors that the triosazone was possibly produced by the interaction of this dextrin and glucose with phenylhydrazine, and this turns out to be the case. When the sup- 135 posed isomaltose is treated with phenylhydrazine acetate in presence of glucose, the portion of the product soluble in hot water consists of a mixture of the triosazone and maltosazone.“83.“The transformation of ammonium cyanate into urea.” By James Walker, D.Sc., Ph.D., and F. J. Hambly. The transformation of amnionium cyanate into urea is revcrsible, about 5 per cent. of nrea in decinormal aqueous solution at 100Obeing retransformed into ammonium cyanate. The direct transformation obeys the laws of a bimolecular reaction, and not of a unimolecular reaction, as might be expected. This is accounted for by the assumption thak the ammonium cyanate is largely dissociated into a>mmonium ions and cyanic ions, and this assumption is confirmed by the influence of ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate, potassium cyanate, and other substances, on the rate of the reaction. The dis- sociation theory also enables us to calculate the quantitative phenomena taking place when the transformation of urea into ammonium cyanate occurs in presence of silver nitrate.The speed of tbe reactim varies greatly with the tempeyature, and the variation may be expressed by means of van’t Hoff’~formnla. “84. “Note on the transformation of ammonium cyanate into urea.” By H.J. H.Fenton, M.A. Some years ago the author made a short communication to the Cambridge Philosophical Societp upon this subject. (The metameric transformation of ammonium cyanate, Proc.Caw&. Phil. Soc., 1888, 307.) Details of these experiments mere not published as it was intended to make further experiments. The reason for giving these details in the present note is that, in the list of papers to be read at the present meeting there is one which has the above title, and it was thought that the observations might be of interest to the authors. Unfortunately the Proceedinqs of the Cambridge Philosophical Society are not, often seen by chemists outside Cambridge, so that it is hardly to be expected that these authors should be aware of this communication. In a previous paper (Trans., 1878) I showed that urea when treated with sodium hypochlorite in presence of caustic soda iii the cold, evolves only one-half of its nitrogen in the free state, the remainder being retained in form of cyanate.The latter gives no nitrogen with hypochlorite or hypobromite . Ammonium cyanate was prepared by direct union of cyanic acid vapour and dry ammonia. Weighed portions of this salt were acted upon by sodium hypobromite and hypochlorite and excess of soda with the following results. With sodium hypohromite. I. 0.0544 gram AmCyO gave 9.3 C.C. nifrogen (corr.). ?? )) 9711. 9.0562 ,, 9.93 C.C. Since with hjpobromite estimations, as conducted in the usual way, there is a deficiency of about 8 per cent. in the nitrogen evolved, a correction for this was applied giving (I) 1010 c.c., and (TI) 10.79 C.C. Theory for half the nitrogen requires 10.11 C.C.and 10.45 C.C. respectively. With sodium hypochlorite. Theory for +N2. 0.0660 _gram AmCyO gave 11-89C.C. nitrogen (corr.). 11.53 9, 79 790-0692 ,, 13-08 9) 12.87 :¶ ,¶0.0905 ,, 16.34 7y 9, 16.83 It is evident, therefore, that this salt evolves only half its nitrogen in the free state with either reagent. These facts obviously suggest a method by which it is possible to estimate the extent to which ammonium cyanate has been trans- formed into urea. Let V = volume of nitrogen obtained by the action of hypobro- mite when a given weight of ammonium cyanate is taken and partly or entirely converted into urea; and let Vr = total volumc of nitrogen contained in the substance taken. Then the nitrogen due to the urea formed will be 2V-V,.For convenience the per- centage transformation may be expressed as 2V-VvI/VIx 100. Applying this method, the following results were obtained. 0.7632 gram AmCyO was dissolved in water and the solution made up to 100 C.C. 10 C.C. were taken for each experiment. Vol. of N2 Theory for Tixnsfor-Temp. Time. (corr.). 4N2. mation. I..... Ordinary immediate 14.14 14.19 none (about 19") I1..... 37" 18 hours 19.0 -33.8 I11..... 37" 3 days 20.54 -44.7 0.5561 gram AmCyO dissolved in water and made up to 100 C.C. 10 C.C. taken. I.. ... Ordinary 20 hours 12-60 10.34 20.3 11.... . --12.28 --111..... looo I hour. 17.57 -69.9 1v..... 100" 22 hours 19.03 -a40 v..... 100" 20 hours 19.50 -88.5 0.9495 AmCyO in 100 C.C.10 C.C. taken. 70" 1hour 25.9 17-66 46.6 70" 4 hours 28.5 -61.3 111.... . 70" 40 hours 30.4 -72.1 140 In each case the liquid was measured into a small, partly drawn off test-tube which was afterwards sealed. A correction for the loss of 8 per cent. is made in the stated volumes of nitrogen. These resfilts indicate that the change proceeds rapidly at first, then becomes slower, and finally reaches a limit which is a func- tion of the temperature. In no case examined was the transformation complete. These facts suggest that the action may be a reversible one; urea and ammonium cyanate are perhaps tautomeric forms trans- formable one. into the other. This hypothesis would account for some of the properties of urea which are otherwise difficult to nnderst'and.For example, the difference in the actions of hypo-bromite and hypochlorite (in presence of soda), mentioned above, might be explained in the following way. The action of hypo-bromite is nearly instaiitaneous, whereas that of hypochlorite is extremely slow. The solution of urea may contain urea and ammonium cyanate in a state of equilibrium, the urea, of course, largely preponderating. Hypobromite therefore evolves nearly all the nitrogen-all from the urea, and half from the ammonium cyanate. Hgpochlorite, however, it may be supposed attacks only the ammonium cyanate liberating half cif its nitrogen, the other half remaining as cyanate whicli is not further decomposed. This would destroy the equilibrium of the system, and a further trans- formation c-f urea into ammonium cyanate would result.The latter would be removed as before, and firially one-half of the total nitrogen would be evolved in the free state. There are indications also that cyanate is produced when urea solution mixed with potash in excess is left to stand for several weeks in n, bell-jar over sulphuric acid. This fact could be explained in a similar manner. "85. ''Some derivatives of humulene." By Alfred C. Chapman. In a former communication (Trans., 1895, 67, 54) the author described a sesquiterpene obtained from the essential oil of hops by fractional distillateion ; for which he suggested the name humutene. In that paper a nitrosochloride (m. p. 164-165') was described, and also a nit,rol-piperide obtained from it (m.p. 153"). In the present paper the author gives an account of the following additional humuleue derivatives. Eydrochlol-ide o/ iucniulawe nitid piperide (C,,H,,NO*NC6H,o*'HCl). This was obtained by passing dry hydrogen chloride into a solution of the nitrol-piperide in ether. The platinichloride of this salt crystal- lisirrg from alcohol in reddish needles was also prepared (m. p. 187-189'). 141 HcG muEeite nitroI-benzyEainine (C,,H,,NO NHC€I2c6H,) .--This c0111 -pound was obtained by heating humulene nitrosochloride with an excess of benzylamine. After crystallisation from boiling alcohol it melted at 136'. The hydrochloride of this base was prepared by passing hydrogen chloride into an ethereal solution of the compound (m.p. 187-189'). Hanzulene nitrosate (ClaH22N20,).-Prepared by acting with nitric acid upon a, mixture of humulene and arnyliiitrite in glacial acetic acid. It crystallises from benzene in small colourless needles melting at 162-163'. Hzmdene nitrosite (CI5H2,N2O3).-This compound was prepared by allowing nitrous anhydride to combine with humulene dissolved in petroleum ether. After one recry stallisation from boiling alcohol the compound was obtained in the form of magnificent deep blue needles, melting at about 120'. The mother liquor fro31 which this compound separated deposited colourless needles which, after re-crystallisation, melted at 166-168", and were found to be isomeric with the blue compound.This latter coiild be almost completely converted into the white substance by the long-continued boiling of its alcoholic solution. "86. " Note on thio-derivatives from sulphanilic acid." By L. Edna Walter. When dinzotised sulphanilic acid and potassium xanthate are allowed to interact, following Leuckart's directions (J.pi*.Chenz., 1890, 41, 179), the parasulphonate-xanthate of the formula SO,K*C,H,*S*CS*OEtl is readily formed as an easily soluble crystal- line salt. On hydrolysis this xanthute undergoes change in two ways and yields both the sulphydride, S03K*C6H1*SH,and the sulph- ethide, SO,K*C,H,*SEt. As the former, however, is very readily oxidised, the corresponding disulphide is usually obtained. When acid is used in effecting hydrolysis, the disulphide is the only pro-doct, but when alkali is used the product is a mixture which appa- rently is the richer in sulphethide the more concentrated the alkali.When the dried xanthate is heated at about 200', it loses consider- ably in weight, being converted into tbe sulphethide, which is more easily prepared in this way; only a smdl amount of disulphide is produced in this case. The potassium disulphide crystallises in needles ; it is very soluble in water and sparingly soluble in alcohol. It yields a crystalline sulphochloride melting at 142", and a sulphonamide melting at 253". The potassium sulphethide is very soluble in water and in alcohol ; it crystallises in six-sided plates. The barium salt crjstallises in very characteristic rhomb;c plates ; its sulphochloride melts at 33', and its snlplionamide at 134".14 2 The sulphethide is conrerted by oxidation with permanganate into the corresponding sulphonate which is soluble in water, and yields a sulphochloride melfing at 103.3’. The sulphide, on the other hand, very readily yields benzenepara- disulphonate when oxidised by permanganate. TLe xanthate may also be directly converted into paradisulphonate by oxidation wit11 permanganate, and it is easy in this manner to prepare any desired quantity of benzenepal-adisulphonic acid. One disulphochloride, CeH4(SOzCl)z, prepared from the product, fuses at 136*5”, several degrees higher than the melting point assigned by Korner and Monselise.*87. LL Helium, a constituent of certain minerals. P& 11,” By William Ramsay, F.R.S.,J. Norman Collie, Ph.D., and Morris Travers, B.Sc. The first part of this communication contains an account of the sources of helium. About 30 minerals hare been investigated, mainly t.hose containing uranium, and of these, 15 contained helium in greater 01’ less amount. Many, in addition, evolved hydrogen, H hydrocarbon, a.nd carbon dioxide. The second part treats of the densities of samples from different sources. After purification, the value 22 was obtained for three samples, one from clAveite, one from broggerite heated alone, and one from broggerite fused with hydrogen potassium sulphate. It wasI proved during these experiments that hydrogen is not evolved in combination with helium by the action of acid on mineral containing helium.The density of all these samples, united and carefully purified, was 2218 ; a secoiid purification made the densitj 2.228, practically an identical number. The wave-length of sound in the gas corresponds accurately to the ratio 1 :l?,implying monatomicity, if that be granted to mercury on the same and on different grounds. The atomic weight would therefore be 4.4. The solubility in water is 0.007 at 18’. Helium is therefore the least soluble of gases. lt is insoluble in alcohol and in benzene. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relations of helium towards other elements. 88. “New formation of glycollic aldehyde.” By H.J.H Fenton, M.A. The properties of the acid C4H4o6*2H20,which was described by the author in a previous paper (Trans., 1894), are still being investi- gated with a view of establishing the constitutional formula for the acid. The present paper deals with the decomposition which the acid undergoes when heated with water. It is shown that, under these circumstances, ,glycollic aldehyde and carbon dioxide are produced, 143 the change taking place almost quantitatively according to the eclna-tion CiH406= CrH402+ 'LC02. The glycollic aldehphe was identified by oxidation to glycollic acid and by the action of excess of phenylhydrazine acetate which gave the phen-j-losazone of glyoxal, QHN2HCsH5 CHN2HCsH5' This decomposition affords a very simple method for the prepsra- tion of glgcollic aldehyde.By spontaneous evaporation of the aqueous solution (and purifica- tion from a trace of glyoxylic acid produced) the aldehyde was obtained in an isolated condition as a viscid syrup, pure, except for a trace of ether or alcohol, which is obstinately retained. On removing this ether by heating under reduced pressure the aldehyde undergoes polymerisation, a sweet-tasting solid gum being the result. Molecular weight determinations indicate that this substance is a form of hexose, C6Rl2O6. It reduces Fehling's solution in the cold, and gires an osazone meiting at 162-4 63". 89. ''Ethereal salts of ethanetetracarboxylic acid." By James Walker, Ph.D., D.Sc., and J. R. Appleyard.Symmetrical dimethylic dihydrogen ethanetetracarboxylate should, according to stereochemical theory, exist in an inactive and a racemic modification, and the corresponding potassium salts should yield on electrolysis dimethylic maleate and dimethylic fumarate respectively. An attempt was made to separate the two modifications, but it was unsuccessful. The mixed dimethgl dipotassium salts on electrolysis gave a small quantity of dimethylic fumarate. The following deriva- tives of etha?zetetracarboryZic acid were prepared in the investigation. Tetrumethylic salt, m. p. 10FO,spmetrical. Dihydrogen diqnethylic salt, m. p. 158-160O with decomposition. Triethylic nto?zornethyZic. salt, m. p. 58'. DiethyZic dimethylie salt, liquid. 90. "On the occurrence of argon in the gases enclosed in rock salt." By P.Phillips Bedson, M.A., D.k, and Saville Shaw. The brine obtained from the wells sunk in the rock salt deposit 011 the north bank of the Tees, in the neighbourhood of Middlesbrongh, when pumped to the surface is found to be stronglj. effervescent The gas, the liberation of which gives rise to this phenomenon, had been analysed by one of us some years ago (J. SOC.Chertb. Ind., 1888, 660-667), and found to consist of By volumc. JIethane .............. 2-05 Nitrogen.. ............ 97.95 144 It was thought that a re-examination of this gas with a view of testing its freedom or otherwise from argon would be of interest. Through the kindness of Mr. Alfred Allhusen, a fresh sample was accordingly procured in May of the present year, when it was found to have slightly altered in composition and to contain By T-olumr..Oxygen ............... 1.3 Nitrogen .............. 98.7 100.0 only a minute quantity of methane being present, and the small amount of oxygen probably due to air leakage. Professor Ramsay Icindlj-furnished details of trhe simplest method for ascertaining the presence of argon in the gas-'' sparking " over caustic soda in presence of oxygen, and submitting the residue after contraction ceased to spectroscopic examination. A small induction coil, giving a &in. spark in air and actuated by the current from a battery of storage cells, was employed. About 40 C.C.of the gas was. submitted to examination in each experiment.The sparking was continued in presence of an excess of oxygen until no further con-traction was noticeable. After this it was found necessary to continue the sparking for an hour or two, until examined spectroscopically the nitrogen lines, which grew fainter and fsinter, finally disappeared. After absorbing the excess of oxygen present, with alkaline pyro-gallate, the small residue was added to an already measured volume of pula0 oxygen, and the whole accurately measured, using the appa- ratus of Professor Uittmar in conjunction with a form of Lunge volumeter. Two estimations gave results as follows I' lS2O5 1Mean = 1-24per cent,. of argon.11. 1-269 The amount of argon present in the nitrogen from the rock salt is thus practically identical with the amount present, in the nitrogen of ordinary air as determined by Lord Rayleigh and Professor Ramsay.This is to the authors' knowledge the first recorded analysis of a sample of naturally occurring nitrogen which has been stored up for some t'lioussuds of years under conditions which practrically preclude the pobsibility of change. The nitrogen was probably in the first, instance derived from the atmosphere, and it is of considerable interest to note that atmospheric nitrogen at the present day is still associated with the same percentage of argon as when in remote ages it was first' occluded in cavities in the rock salt. As Professor Ramsay has shown that argon is soluble to a consider-able extent in water', it is proposed to examine the gas given off 011 145 boiling the brine after effervescence has subsided. In this way a gas would probably be obtained much richer ia argon, and as there would be little difficulty iu procaring it in quantity it might prove a useful source of the new gas.It is also proposed to submit the nitrogen found enclosed in coal to a similar examination. 91. "On the dissociation of gold chloride." By T. K. Rose. D.Sc., A.R.S.M. The tensions of dissociation of trichloride of gold at various fern- peratures up to 332" were measured, the limited chemical action investigated being expressed by the equation AuC1,~AuCl + Clz. The total pressures observed when a mixture of AuC1, and AuCl is heated in a closed space are higher than the tensions of dissociation, owing to the vapour pressure of AuC13, which becomes considerable between 200' and 300'.The attainment of the maximum pressure is greatly delayed if the substances are carefully dried. An investigation by means of Deville's " hot and cold tubes" showed that AuC1, undergoes continuous volatilisation in chlorine gas at atmospheric pressure at all temperatures between 180' and 1100", the limits of temperature employed. The curve illustrating the late of volatilisation under these conditioiis passes through a maximum at about 300°, and a minimum between 800" and 900". Reasons for the shape of the curve are adduced. The results afford evidence that Krii~s'sstatements on the clecom- position and volatilisation of gold chloride cannot be substantiated, but that those of Boyle and of Debray are in accordance with fact, It is pointed out that, according to the laws of chemical equilibrium, compounds formed with evolution of heat cannot be included in the class of bodies which are completely decomposed at moderate tern- peratnres and again formed at much higher temperatures.The statements of Kriiss regarding the behavionr of gold chloride at various temperatures, and those of Langer and V. Meyer regarding platinum chloride are therefore at variance with theory, and in the former case have been shown to be unfounded. 92. "On some physical properties of the chlorides of gold.'' ByT. K. Rose, D.Sc., A.R.S.M. The melting point of trichloride of gold is found to be 288" C., under a pressure of about two atmospheres of chlorine.Its density is 4.3,and that of the monochloride, 7.4. These determinations tend to show that the atomic volume of chlorine when in combination with gold is 4 x 5.1, instead of 3 x 5.1, the volume assigned to it by 146 Schriider in the case of some of its other compounds. Mr. W. J. Pope found that volatilised crystals of hichloride of gold are crys- talline aggregates, but that they cannot be referred to any system as they do not transmit the Iight from a sodium flame. 93. "The dissociation of liquid nitrogen peroxide. Part 11. The influence of the solvent." By J. Tudor Cunddl. The author measures colorunetricallp the dissociation at different temperatures of solutions of nitrogen peroxide in 14 "indifferent " solvents, viz.:-Chloroform, ethylene chloride, ethylidene chloride, methylene chloride, carbon te tzachloride, benzene, monochlorobenzene, monobromobeazene, ethyl bromide, ethylene bromide, bromoform, sili- con tetrachloride, carbon'disulphide, and acetic acid. He finds that the dissociation takes place in the same way, though to a different extent, in the varions solvents ; the extent of dissociation at any temperature being in the main an additive property, though probably modified by constitution. Thus the carbon atoms in a compound have very little inflaence on the dissociation power ; those of hydrogen have more ; then those of bromine and chlorine, whilst those of sulphur and silicon have most.Ethylene chloride is not so effective as ethylidene chloride. The author compares his results with those of Mentschutkin (Zeit. Phys. Chern., 1,611, and 6, 41), and brings evidence to show that, if the heat of dissociation of liquid nitrogen peroxide is the same as fhat calculated by van't Hoff for the gas, any reaction that may take place between the dissolved substance and "indiEerent " solvent is probably not exothermic. 04. " Condensation of benzil with sthylic acetoacetate." By Francis R. Japp, F.R.S., and G. Druce Lander, B.Sc. By heating a mixture of bend and ethylic acetoacetate with sodium ethoxide in alcoholic solution, the two first-mentioned com- pounds condense according to the equation 2ClpHlOO2 =+ C6H1003 CS4HBO6+ H20.This condensation product is obtained as a sodium compound containing alcohol of crystallisation : C34H27Na06,C2H60. Acetic acid liberates from this compound ethylic anhydrodibelz~~ilaceto-acetate, C3dH2906,which crystallises from alcohol or from a mixture of ethylic acetate and light petroleum in flat needles or prisms, with bevelled edges, melting with decomposition at 210"-211". Although this compound contains the carbethoxyl group, it was not found possible to hydrolyse it to the corresponding acid, owing to the ease with which it is decomposed with regeneration of benzil. By boiling this compound with alcohol containing a little sulphuric acid ethyl ;c ethylanhydroaibenzilacetoaceta~~,G,H, (C,H,) 0, WRS obtained, wliich was deposited from alcohol in slender prisms melting at 197".It was readily hydrolysed by oaustic potash. Ethyl-niihyd~odibenzilacetoacetic acid, C,H,( C2H5)06, is deposited from benzene in microscopic matted needles melting at 216". It is iaoc meric with the condensation compound. Substituting isobutylic for ethylic alcohol in the foregoing etheri- fication, ethylic is0bzctylanhydrodibenzilacetoacdate, C&,, (C,&) 06, was obtained. It crystallised from a mixture of benzene and light petroleum in minute needles, melting at 202". On hydrolysis it yielded ~~obutylan~yd~od~benzilacetoace~~cacid, CJ,H,(C,H,) O,, which was deposited from a benzene solution in slender needles m.elting at 637".When the condeneation compound was oxidised with clirorniuin trioxide in acetic acid solution it yielded a monobasic acid, C,,H,,O,, which crystallised from a mixture of ethylic acetate and light petroleum in needles melting at 200' with evolution of carbon dioxide. In this process of decomposition by heat the acid is converted into a compound C21H1602, which is deposited from alcohol in needles melt-ing at 119-120". The constitntion of these two componnds may possibly be expressed by the formulm C,H,*?O C,H,*v0 C6H,*C*COOHand C6H5*yH C6H5'C'O C,H,5*c0 Plienyldibenzoylacetic acid. Pheiiyldibenzoylmethane. Fuming hydriodic acid at its boiling point converts the condensa- tion product into a compound C31H240, which crystallises from a mixture of ethylic acetate and light petroleum in short prisms melting at 287-188": C,H,,06 + 3H, = c31H& + C2H60+ CO, + 2H@.Suspecting that the condensation product was a carbethoxiyl deri- vative of anhydracetonedibenzil (Japp and Miller, Trans., 1885, 47, 34), the aathors reduced the latter compound with boiling hydriodic acid, and obtained the foregoing reduction compound C,H,O (m. p. 187-188") togefher with an isomeride crystallising from a mixture of ethylic acetate and light petroleum in pyramids melting at 155-159". The results do not permit of a conclusim being drawn as to the coiistitution of the condensation product. The constitution of anhydracetonedibenzil is also unknown. 95. "On a method for preparing the formyl derivatives of the aromatic, amines." By H.R. Hirst, and J. B. Cohen, Ph.D. Forniamide reacts with the aromatic primary rtmines in presence of cold glacial acetic acid, forming formgl dei-ivatives. The mixture is 148 allowed to stand for a few hours, sud the product poured into water. The resulting derivative is nearly pure, and the gicld is very satis- tactory. The reaction hkes place according to the equation R’NH + HCONH, + CH3*C02H= R’NH-COH + CH,*CO,NH,. The sec0ndai.y arornat,ic amines containing an alkyl radicle only react on heating, whereas the tertiary amines and diphenylamine do not react even after continued boiling. The formyl derivatives of the following bases have been prepared : aniline, ortho- and para-toluidine, a-and P-naphthylamine, phenyl- and ort hotolyl- h ydraeine, methyl- and e t hyl-aniline, paraphenylene-diamine, and benzidine. 96.“A modification of Zincke’s reaction.” By H.R. Hirst, and J. B. Cohen, Ph.D. A small piece of a.lumiiiium foil coated with mercury, which is prepared by dipping the foil into a solution of mercuric chloride, is capable of bringing about a, reaction between benzyl chloride, chloroform, &c., on the one hand, and aromatic hydrocarbons on the other. This reaction closely resembles that of Zincke, but takes place at the ordinary ternperstore. With benzyl chloride and benzene a satisfactory yield oE pure diphenylmethnne may be obtained. In a similar manner phenyltolylmethane and phenylxylylmethane hare been prepared.97. “A method for preparing cyanuric acid.’’ By W. H,Archdeacon, B.Sc., and 3. B. Cohen, Ph.D. When urea in fine powder is heated in a sealed tube with the cal- culated quantity of phosgene in SO per cent. toluene solution, little action occurs until the temperature rises above 180”. A tube which had been heated for four hours at 170-180° showed very little pressure on opening ; but, after being resealed and heated for seven hours at 190’ and 8i hours at %O”, great pressure was observed on opening the tube and hydrochloric acid fumes were copiously evolved. The brownish microcrystalline product was separated by filtration and dried in cacuo. It amounted in two experiments to 133 and 127 per cent. of the urea used. It dissolved without change in cold con- centrated sulphuric acid, being reprecipitated in a crystalline form by water.It dissolved also in alkalis, and from the neutral solution in ammonia silver nitrate threw down a white, amorphous precipitate. The characteristic needles of the sodium salt, and the amethyst- coloured precipitate with copper ammomum sulphate solution, served to identify the compound as cyanuric acid. The crude product gave the following result on analysis :- 149 I. 0.095 gram gave 28.2 C.C. nitrogen at 17" and 737 mni. 11. 0.1753 ,, 0.040 gram H20and 0.179 gram of C02. Theory for (CONH),. Found. C ............... 27.91 27.85 H. .............. 2-33 2.53 N................ 3'2.56 :'t;3%3 The reaction probably occurs according to the equation SCO(NH,)2 + 3COC1, = 2(CONH), + 6HC1.98. "The oximes of benzddehyde and their derivatives." ByC. M. Luxmoore, B.Sc. The paper coiitains an account of experiments undertaken with it view to throwing further light on the isomerism of the aromatic aldoximes. As already mentioned in a preliminary note by Professor Dunstan and the author (Proc., 1893, 253), in examining the me- chanism of the change of benzantialdoxime intlo benzsynaldoxime by hydrogen chloride, the previously unknown benzantialdoxime hydrochloride has been isolated ; on solution it i~ converted into the syn-hydrochloride. The two isomeric sulphatev have also been pre- pared. Since the change of the antioxime into its isomeride is always preceded by the formation of 8 derivative of the former, which then passes into the rnoi'e stable syn-derivative, a st-ereo-chemical explana- tion of the isonierism is rendered probable.By the action of methyl bromide on benzantialdoxime the hydro- bromide of its '' nitrogen " methyl ether is produced (m. p. 67'). This etber yields the same products of hydrolysis and reduction as the "nitrogen "methyl ether obtained from bensynaldoxime. It differs from the latter in its lower melting point and in the extreme readiness with which it is hydrolysed. The hydrobromide is stable, but the dber itself rapidly passes on standing into the isomeric syn-nitrogen- etber. Stmctural formuh are insu6cient to explain the existence of tJhe four isomeric ethers (two " oxygen " and two "nitrogen,") which are knowii.Probably, therefore, the aldoximes themselves are stereo- isomeric ; but both act tautomerically, and the synaldoxime reacts more readily in the sense of the isoximido formula than the antiald- oxime does. Treated with phosphoriis pentachloride both oxirnes yield a little formanilide, bat chiefly beneonitrile. Phosphorus trichloride converts benzantialdoxime into an extremely unstable chlorine derivative ;with ben zsynal do xim e it yields benzoni tril e and hydrogen chloride instan-taneously. Almost all the stereochemical hypotheses equally well explain the isoiiierism of osimido-compounds of triad nitrogen ; bnt in the case 150 of derivatives with pentad nitrogen Pickering's theory is more in accordance with facts than any other.99. '' On a colouring matter from 'Lomatia ilicifolia' and 'Lomatia longifolia.' " By Edward H. Rennie, M.A. (Sydney), D.Sc. (Lond.), The author describes a yellow colouring matter adhering to the seeds of two different species of Lomatia, a plant belonging to the order Proteaceae. The colouring matter is easily extracted by hot water, and is regarded by the anthor as hydroxylapnchol. Its barium derivative closely resembles the barium derivative of hydroxyhydro-lapachol described by Hooker. When treated with sulphuric acid under certain conditions, it is converted into hydrozy-p-lapachone. Other derivatives are described in the paper, and also an isomeric hydroxylapachol. 100. "The colouring and other constituents contained in Chay Root.Part 11.'' By A. G.Perkin and J. J. Hummel. A previous examination of chay root (Trans., 1893,1160) showed that it contained rubichloric acid, two waxes, cane-sugar, ruberythric acid. alizarine, two dimethyl ethers of anthragallol (A) and (B), m. p. 209', and 225-227'; an alizarine monomethyl ether, and ?11-hSdroxyanthr.aquinone.By the investigation of very large quan- tities of the root, 2 cwts., obtained through the Imperial Institute, t1I-o new substances have been isolated. One substance, CI5Hl004,was obtained as orange-coloured needles melting at 232'. When heated with hydrochloric acid to lSOo it yielded hystszarin, and was found to contain one methosyl group. It is therefore an hystazarinmonon~elhyl ethes., co A second constituent, C16Hlz05,formed minute orange-red needles melting at 212-213", and its acetyl compound at 160'.It contained two metlioxy groups, and by the action of hydrochloric acid at 280°, was converted into anthi-agallol. It was consequently an anthragallol diiiiethyl ether, and it is interesting to note that chay root therefore contains the three dimethyl ethers of anthragallol. Since the publication of the previous communication (Zoc. cit.) , Schunck and Marchlewski (Trans.: 1E94, lS2) have prepared the dizarine P-monomethyl ether from alizarine. This is not identical 151 with that fonnd in chay root, which must consequentIg be thex -corn- GO OCHi A/\/\ OR pound, 1 1 1 1 . The readiness with which this is decom-posed into alizarine by boiling w-ith dilute alkalis, readily accounts for its non-production by the usual methods.101.I' The six dicl~lorotoluenesand their sulphonic acids." By W. P. Wynne, and A. Greeves, Assoc. R.C.S. Sulphonic derivatires of the 1: 2 : 5-and 1 : 3 :4-dichlorotoluenes were described in a previous paper (Trans,, 1892, 1050, et sep.) ; the present communication deals witti the remair,irig isomerides and their sulphonic acids. 1: 2 : 3-Dichlorotoluene was prepared by three methods : (a) from 1 : 2 : 5-nitrorthotoluidine by chlorination, (b) from Lellmann and Wurthner's 1: 2 : 3-nitracetorthotolnidide(m. p. 158O, cf. Annulen, 228, 23), and (c) from orthochlorotoluenesulphonic acid by nitra-tion.It boiIs at 207-208O under 760 min. pressure, and on oxidatiov yields a dichlorobenzoic acid melting at 164' (cf. Seelig, Annalen, 237,162). On sulphonation two isomeric acids are obtained, which can be separated by menns of their barium salts. The acid from the less soluble barium salt forms a very soluble chloyide, crystallising in radiate needles, melting at 45",and an umide, melting at 221", whilst that from the more soluble barium salt is the 1: 2 : 3 : 5-derivative, and like this yields a chloride, crystallising in well-defined prisms, melting at &5O, and an arnide, melting at 183'. 1: 2 : 4-DicldorotoZzce~zewas prepared (u) from metatolylenediamine by Erdmann's method (Ber., 24, 2769), (b) from 1 : 2 : 4-nitrortbo-toluidine, and (c) from orthochlorotoluenexdphonic acid by nitration.It boils at 199--200° under 760 mm. pressure. On sulphonation, it; yields the 1: 2 : 4 : S-acid, characterised by the chloride crystallising in elongated scales, melting at 71°, and the umide, melticg at 177'. 1 : 2 : 6-Dichlorotoluene was prepared from Lhe 1 : 2 : ti-nitrortho-toluidine of Green and Lawson (Trans., 1891, 1013). It boils at 199-200° under 76d rnm. pi'essui-e, and on oxidation yields a dichloro- benzoic acid mt-lting at 139" (cj: Claus arid Stavenhagen, Annulen, 269, 228). On snlphonntion, an acid is obtained which gives a chloride, cvystallising in prismatic needles, melting at 60"? and an amide, melting at 204". 1:3 :5-DichZo~otoZuenewas prepared from the 1 : 3 : 4 : 5-dichloro-pwatoluidine bg Tdlmaan arid Klotz's method (Annulen, 231,321), snd from the 1 : 2 : 3 : 5-dichlororthotoluidiae of Claus and Stnpel 152 berg (A?tizaZen, 274, '292).It boils at 201--202O under 769 MUI. pressure. On sulphonatiou, an acid is obtained which forms a very soluble chloride, melting at 4j0, and an amide, melting at 168". To aid in the determination oE 1,he constitution of the dichloro- toluenr sulphonio acids, the nitro-derivatives of the five known chloro-toluenesulphonic acids have been prepared and examined. For example, 1: 2 : 4-orthochlorotoluenesulpl~onicacid on nitration gives as chief product the 1 : 2 : 4 : li-nitro-acid, since the dichlorotoluene- sulphonic acid obtained from it is identical vith that obtg-ined from 1 : 2 : 5-dichlorotoluene (Trans., 1898, 1052).In like manner, 1 : 2 : 5-orthochlorotoluenesulphonic acid is shown to give as chief product the 1 : 2 : 4 : 5-nitro-acid, and as subsidiary product the I : 2 : 3 : 5-nitro-acid. 1 : 2 : 3-Nitrorthotoluidine is converted by Sfinclmeyer's method into the nit?.ol.tl~ochlorofoZuene,which boils at 26L-3" under 760 mni. pressure. On reduction, this yields the I :2 : 3-orthochZomtr1eta-toluidine, which boils at 228-229' under 760 mm. pressure, and forms an acctyl dwivative melting at 132". 1: 2 :4-Nitrorthotoluidine in like manner yields the ~zitrorthochlo~o-toZuene, which crystallises in pale yeliow needles, melting at 65O, and the orthochloroparatoZuidI~ze, which boils at 245" under 760 mm.pressure, and forms an acet?yZ derivative melting at 86". 1 : 2 : .i-Pu'itrort,hotoluidiiie on chlorination in tlie presence of iodine yields a chZol.~nit7.ol.thotol~~~d~nemelting atl 168". This is tlie 1: 2 :3 : 5-derivative, since, by eliminating the NH,-radicle, it forms the 1 : 3 : 5-nitrochlorotoluene melting at 6L0, the 1: 3 : 5-chloro-metatoluidim, characterised by its acetyl derivative melting at 151' (cf. Honig, Ber., 20, 2419), and 1: 3 : 3-dichlorobenzoic acid melting tLt 182". By Sandmeyer's method the corresponding nitrodl'chloi-o-foluene, which crystallises in pale yellow needles rrelting at 83", \ws obtained, and from this, by reduction, the dicl~loronzefcctoluidkne,whi 11 crystallises in needles, melts at W, boils at 292" under 760 mni.pressure, and fornis an acetyl derivative nielting at 167". 1: 2 : E-Nitrorthotoluidine yields a ~Z~Zoro~tl~otoZr~idi~~e,which bt)ils at 245" under 760 mni. pressure, and forms an acet;/Z clorivztive melt-ing at 154". The mixture of dichlorotoluenes obtained by chlorinating ortllo- chlorotoluene under Seejig's conditions (Zw. cit.), is being examincd with the object of determining its constitu3nts. 102. "The disulphonic acids of toluene and of ortho-and pwachloro-toluene." By W. P. Wynne, and J. Bruce, Assoc, R.C.S. As is known (cf. Trans., 1892, 1082), ~a""ciilorotoln~~ne,nil sulpho-rialion, forms a prociuct c3iltaining bot,h the 1: 2 : 4-aiicl 1 ; i:4- I53 sclplionic acids. Expcrimeuts have been uiidei-taken with the objeci of estimating the relative proportions of these acids, both directly and by an examination OE the disulphonic acids obtained by sulphonah 1 ing parachlorotoIuene with 20 per cent.anhydrosulphnric acid. For the purposes of comparison, chloro-acids have been prepared by Sandmeyer's method from the paratoluidinernono- and -disulphonio acids of known constitution. The paratoluidinedisulphonic acids obtained by Richter from the 1: 3 : 4-and the 1: 2 : 4-paratoluidinemonosulphonicacids (Annnlm, 230, 314, 331), are shown to be the 1 : 3 : 4 : 6-and 1: 2 : 4 : 6-derivatives respectively. The former, by elimination of tlie NH,-mdicle, gives a toluenedisulphonic acid identical with that obtained from tlie 1: 2 : 5-orthotoluidinesulphonic acid by the xantliate niethod.1: 2 : 4-Parachlorotoluenesulphonicacid, prepared from the corre- sponding amido-acid, gives a sparingly soluble bnriim salt, a chloride melticg at 23-24', and an amide melting at 142'. On sulphonntion with 20 per cent. anhydrosnlphuric acid, it yields, as sole product, an acid identical with that obtained from the 1: 2 : 4 : 6-paratoluidine-disulphonic mid. 1 : 3 : 4-Parachlorotoluenesulphonicacid, obtained from the corre- sponding amido-wid, gives an easily soluble barium salt, a chloride crjstallising in plates melting at 54', and an amide melting at 1%'. On sulphonatioii with 20 per cent. anhydrosulphuric acid, two disul-phcnic acids are obtained, the chieE product being the 1: 3 : 4 : 6-derivative, since it is identical with the acid obtained from the 1: 3 : 4 : 6-paratoluidinedisulpho~icacid. Parachlorotoluene, on snlphonation with 'LO per cent.mhydrosul- phuric acid under similar conditions, gives a mixture of the 1 : 2 : 4 : 6-arid 1: 3 : 4 : 6-disulphonic acids in the proportions of about three parts of the former to one of the latter. The 1 : 2 : 3 : 5-orthotoluidinedisulpl~onicacid prepared by Hasse's method (Annulen, 230,&6), and shown to be identical with Hasse's product by conversioii in to the bromotoluenedisulphonic chloride, gives, by the hydrazine method of eliminating the NH, radicle, a toluenedisulphonic acid, which differs from that described by Kame since its chloride (Cl found 24.5, Hasse 25.9, theory 24.6) melts, not at 132", but at 95' 1: 2 : 5-0rthochlorotoluenesulphonicacid gives, on further sul-phonation, a product which seems to differ from that obtainable from Hasse's acid by Sandmeycr's method, and is being further examined. In addition to the known 1: 2 : 4-, 1 : 2 : 5,and 1: 3 : 5-toluene-disulphouic acids, the following have been prepared :- 1.54 1: 2 : fj-ToluciLedisl~~p~o~~~~acid,obtained from the 1 : 2 : 4 : G-para-toluidinedisulphonic acid by eliminating the NH,-radicle, forms a potussium salt, cryst,allisiny with l+H,O in minute prisms, and a chloride, crystallising in scales, melting at 99’.1 : 3 : 4-Toiuenedisullclhonic acid,obtained from the 1: 3 : 4-para-toluidinemetasulphonic acid by the xanthate method, forms a mono-hydrated potassium salt crystallising in needles, and, on treatment with phosphorus pentachloride yields the chloride, which crystallises from benzene with $ mol.proportion of benzene in large prisms melting at about 60°, and from petroleum spirit in scales melting at 111”. 103. ‘LContribufions to our knowledge of the aconite alkaloids. Part XII. The constitution of pseudaconitine. Preliminary notice.” ByWyndham R. Dunstan, F.R.S.,and Francis H. Carr. Pseudaconitize is the name given by Alder Wright to the highly toxic alkaloid contained in Nepaul aconite (Acoizitumj2rox). It is a crystalline base, melting at 104-10~0, whose composition is expressed by the formula C36H,9NOlz.When hydrolysed, it furnishes, accord- ing to Alder Wright and Lnff (Trans., 1878), pseudacoi~ineand 1molecular proportion of dirndl, y@rotocatecl/uic acid (vcratric acid), CstiH,gNO,, + H20 = CZ7H,,’PU’O9+ CgH,,04.The authors are en-gaged in a re-investigation of this alkaloid in the light of their recent work on the constitution of aconitine derived from Aconiturn riupeZZus, (Trans., 1894, 176, 290). The pseudaconitine employed by the authors was extracted from the roots of Aconitum ferox, some of which were provided by the Government of India through the Imperial Institute. The highly-purified crystalline base melted at 201°, that is, nearly 100’ higher than the point recorded by Wright and Luff; this melting point was not changed by fractional crystallisation. When heated slightly above its me1 ting point, pseudaconitine loses B molecular proportion of acetic acid, leaving a new base which it is proposed to name pyropseudacotiitine.This alknlo’id, on hydrolysis, loses a molecular proportion of dimethylprotocatechuic acid, f u~-nishing pyropseudaconine. On complete hydrolysis with alkali, pseudaconitine yields, in addition to the dimethylprotocatechuic acid observed by Wright and Luff, a molecular proportion of acetic acid, which was identified and estimated in the manner described in the authors’ previous paper on aconitine. When pseudaconitine sulphate is heated in a closed tube with water it suffers, like aconitine, partial hydrolysis, the acetyl group alone being eliminated, producing a molecular proportion of acetic 155 acid.In this action a new alkaloid is formed, coriesponding with the beneaconine derived in a similar manner horn aconitine, which the authors propose to name veratyyZpseudaconine. This substance is a crystalline base (m. p. 181’) which, when hydrolysed, furnishes pseudaconine and dimethy Iprot~ocatechuic acid (veratric acid). There is therefore a close resein blance between the constitution of aconitine and of pseudaconitine, both alkaloids undergoing hydrolysis in a similar manner. The molecule of each alkalo‘id contains an acetyl group, but in pseudaconitine the benzoyl group of aconitine is replaced by the veratryl groop, aconitine being acetyl-Lenzaconine, and pseudaconitine, acetylcerail.ylpseudLlconi?ze. As far ;is the authors’ investigation has proceeded, pseudaconine appears to be distinctly different from the aconine derived from aconit,inc.There is little reason at present to doubt that the crjst,alline highly active ~~lk~lo’idisolated by the authors is identical with Wright,’~ pseudaconitine, but further evidence on this point is being obtained. ADDITIOKS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donatiom. Chemical Technology or Chemistry in its Applica$,ions to Arts and Mnnufactores. Edited by Charles Edward Groves, F.R.S., and William Thorp, B.Sc., with which is incorporated Richardson and Watts’ Chemical Technology. Vol. 11. Lightsing. Fats and Oils, by W. Y. Dent. Stealhe Industry, by J. &Arthur. Candle Manu- factore, by L. Field and F.A. Field. The Petroleum Industry. and Lamps, by Boverton Redwood. Miners’ Safety Lamps, by B. R’ed-mrood and D. A. Louis. 8ro. Pp. xvi+398. London 1895. From the Publishers. Cheinidry, Inorganic and Organic, with Experiments by Charles Loudoii Bloxam. Eighth edition. Rewritten and revised. By John Millar Thomson and Arthur G. Bloxam. Pp. xiif848. 8vo. London 1895. From the Xdilor. Transactions of the New York Academy of Medicine. 2nd sei-ies. Vol. X, for 1893, 8ro. Pp. xii+686. New York 1894. From the Academy. Chemistry of Urine : A practical guide to the Analytical Examina- tion of Diabetic, Albuminous, and Gouty Uiine. By Alfred H. Allen, Y.I.C., F.C.S., &c. 8\70. Pp. xiit21.2. London 1895. Frorri the Autlior. 156 YanzpRlefs.Ober Reduction der Kohlensaure bei gewohnlicher Temperatur. Von Ad. Lieben. 1895. From the Author. Relation remarqiiable entre les poids Atomiques des Elbment s Chimiques. Poids atomiques r,ttionnels. Par Julius Thomsen. 1894. Froni the Author. Th3 Sampling and Mewurement of Ore Bodies in 34ine Xxamina-tions. By Edmund R. Kirby. 1895. From the Author. Notes on the Retention of Urea Elimination to Fever. By Professors H. C. Wood and Jno. Mai*shall. 1891. Prom the Authoi.~. The Art of Casting Bronze in Japan. By W. Gowlitnd, A.R.S.M., F.C.S., F.S.A. paper. rcad before the Applied Ait Section of the Society of Arts, April 23rd, 1895. Reprinted from the Joui-nnl of the Society of Arts, May 3, 1895. From the Author. Engineering Heliograph) , or the Sun Print copying of Engiiieering Drawings.A paper read befcre the North of England institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers. By B. H. Thwaite, C. E. Geneirtl Meeting at Newcastle-upoa-Tj ne, Fehrnary 9th, 189.5. From the Author. Ueber die sag. “ Kiinstlichen” Mineralw%ser voii C. Glncks-mann. Separat-Abdruck aus der Zeitschrift fiii. die gesnmxrite Kohlensaure Industrie. Berlin 1895. Om Iridiums Ammoniakaliska Foreningar. Akademisk Afhand- ling af K. Vilh. Palmoer. Upsala 1895. Om Sulfonering af p-naftjlamin. Akademisk Afhandling af Sven E’orsling. UppsaJa 1895. Om de fem- och sexledade arcmatiska thiohjdantoinernas Konstitu- tion. Af N. A, Langlet. 0m cyans invei-kan pB a-aci~~lfcnjlbydrazidcr. Af Oskar TVidmRn.Om sex’ledade thiohjdantoiner IT. Af N. A. Langlet. Om riigro nja triazol-och xriazinderivat sanit om dicyanfenylhy- clrazins och diirur hasledda triazoloch tetrazolfor eningars Konstitution. Af 0. Widman. Om en my metod for framr;tallning a€ asyrzmetriska derivat af fcnylhydrazin. A€ 0.Widman. Om sex-ledade thiohydrantoiner. Af N. A. Langlet. Om Farmoitiernas Reaktionsforh~llanden af Wiihelm Abenius. Om oxidatioii afazimidotoluol. Af J. A. Bladin. Om niigra aicmatiska tetraketcner. 11. Af H. G. F’8deibaum. Om isonieriska nitrokloreulplic risjicjr af naftaliii. 111. Af P. T. Cieve. 157 On some Conditions affecting the Accuracy of the Determination of Potash as Potassium Platinichloride. By A. L. Winton, Connec- ticut Agricultural Experiment Station.From the Author. Boleite, Nantokite, Kerargyrite, and Cuprite from Broken Hill, New South Wales. By A. Liversidge, M.A, F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry in the Universit,y of Sydney (with Plate 11). From the Authoy. Cape of Gaod Hope. Departmant of Agriculture. Report of tlie Senior Analyst on the Analytical Laboratory for the year 1894, From the Department. Ore Deposits of Camp Floyd District, ToDele County, Utah. By R. C. Hills. From the Colorado Scientific Society. Pr’otes on the Geology of the Western Slope of the Sangre de Cristo Range in Costillo Co., Colorado. By E. C. and P. H. van Diest. From the Society. The Costilla Meteorite. By R. C. Hills. From the Society. Smoke Abatement with reference to Steam Boiler Pnrnaces. ByG.Carruthers Tliomson.From the Author. Results of Evaporative Tests on Land Boilers. By G. Carruthera Thomson. Prom the Author Notes on Luminous and Non-luminous Combustion. By B. H. Thmaite. From the Author. Socit5t6 Industrielle de Mnlhouse. Programme des Prix proposes, &c., k d6cerner en 1896. From the Society. 11. By Pudase. Lehrbucli der Chemischen Technologie der Gespinstfasern. Voii Dr. Georg von Georgievics. le Theil. Die Farbenchemie. 8vob Pp. x+288. Leipzig und Wien 1895. Handbuch der Chemischen Technologie unter Mitwirkung von Direktor Th, Beckert, Dr. Bsnder, Dr. Benedict, Dr. Bornstein, Din. Brand, Dr. Buntrock, Dr. Hecilt, Dr. von Helmolt, Dr. Jurisch, Dr. Litnge, Prof, Dr. Prausnitz. Heransgegeben von Dr.0.Dammei.. Funf Bande. I Band. Mit 191 in den text gedruckten figuren. 8vo. Pp. xvi +920. Stuttgart 1895. Alembic Club Reprints. No. 10. Researches on the Arseniates, Phosphates, and Modifications of Phosphoric Acid. By Thomas Graham, F.R.S. 1833. Tabellarische Uebersicht uber der kunstlichen organischen Fa1b-stoffe und ihre Anwendung in Farberei und Zeugdiwck. Von Tlr. Adolf Lehne. Mit Ausfiirbungen jedes einzelnen Parbstofles und Zeugdruckmustcrn. Pp. xxv +102, Speciineus of 324 dyes. 4to. Uerh 1893. 158 Analysis of Milk and Milk Products. By Henry Leffman, M.D., Ph.D., and William Beam, M.A., 31D. 8vo. Pp. 92 Philadelphia, 1893. LIBRARY. The Library will be closed during the last fortnight in August for cleaning and the annual revision of the Catalogue.Fellows are requested to return all books in their possession not later than August 15. RESEARCH FUND. The following grants have been made by the Council on the recommendation of the Research Fund Committee :-$30 to Messrs. J. J. Hummel and A. 0. Perkin, for the investiga- tion ot' certain natural colouring matters. A210 to Dr. H. Irigle, for the purchwe OF various aldel)jd:s, ketones, and hydrazine to continue hi3 work on stereoisomeriG osazones. SIO to Dr. J. J. Sudbxough, to continue his work on diortlio-sub- stituted benzoic acids. ;El5 to Mr. E. Knworth, for the synth2sis of an acid having the composition C,H,,(COOK),, and the comparison of its pro-perties with those of cnmphoric acid. $5 to Hr. R.E. DI~I,~,for a reseiwh on the preparation of mustard oils by the reaction of chlorocarbonic esters with lead thiocyanate. $15 to Dr. W. A. Bone, to continue a research on the substituted succinic acids, and on the behaviour of varions trimethylene compounfls on treatment with the sodium compound of ethglic malon ate. $10 to Dr. B. Lean. to extend his work on the derivatives of ethylic butane tet racarboxylate. $20 to Dr. J. Walker, for an investigation of the conditions of equilibrium between the cyanates and tlie corresponding ureas.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8951100135
出版商:RSC
年代:1895
数据来源: RSC
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