摘要:

of the Society for Proc. SOC. Analyt. Chem. Vol. 7 No. 6 Pages 89-100 Analytical Chemistry CONTENTS Presentation of the Society’s Gold Medal . . . . . . 89 “An Organic Chemist at Large” 92 Reports of Meetings . . . . 93 “Water Analysis” . . * . 94 “Catalysis” . . . . . . 95 Papers Accepted for The Analyst 97 Publications Received . . . . 98 Notices . . . . . . . . 99 Objects of the Society Inside bock cover Forthcoming Meetings Back cover June 1970 Vol 7 No. 6 June 1970 PROCEED i N GS THE SOCIETY FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF President of the Society T. S. West Hon. Secretary of the Society W. H. C. Shaw Hon. Treasurer of the Society G. W. C. Milner Hon. Assistant Secretary of the Society D. 1. Cooniber Secretary Miss P. E. Hutchinson 9/10 SAVILE ROW LONDON WIX IAF Telephone 01-734 6205 Editor J.B. Attrill Assistant Editor Miss C. M. Richards Telephone 01-734 3419 Proceedings is published by The Society for Analytical Chemistry and distributed to all members of the Society and t o subscribers with The Analyst; subscriptions cannot be accepted for Proceedings alone. Single copies may be obtained direct from the Society’s Distribution Agents The Chemical Society Publications Sales Office Blackhorse Road Letchworth Herts. (NOT through Trade Agents) price 0 The Society for Analytical Chemistry 5s. post free. Remittances MUST accompany orders. THE SOCIETY FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY A Symposium on Analytical Chemistry - Industrial and Academic Training Loughborough University of Technology September 24th and 25th 1970 will be held at Payers will be presented by Mr. P. Bennett (Chemical Industry Training Board) ; Dr. T. C. Downie ( ~ u t h e r ~ o r d Polytechnic) ; Dr. D. C. Garratt (Pharmaceutical Society) ; Dr. D. T. Lewis (Government Chemist); Dr. H. 0. Puls (Imperial Chemical Industries); and Dr. W. J. Williams (Bath University) Registration fee k4 accommodation in hall of residence L5. Further information and registration forms available from Dr. D. Thorburn Burns University of Technology Lou ghborou gh Leicestershir e Industrial training officers and teachers of analytical chemistry are particularly invited

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA97007FX021

出版商:RSC    

年代:1970

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY THE SOCIETY FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FOUNDED 1874. IXCORPORATED 1907. THE objects of the Society are to encourage assist and extend the knowledge and study of analytical chemistry and of all questions relating to the analysis nature and composition of natural and manufactured materials by promoting lectures demonstrations discussion5 and conferences and by publishing journals reports and books. The Society includes members of the following classes :-(a) Ordinary Members who are persons of not less than 21 years of age and who are or have been engaged in analytical consulting or professional chemistry; (b) Junior Members who are persons between the ages of 18 and 27 years and who are or have been engaged in analytical consulting or professional chemistry; (c) Student Members who are bona Jide full-time students of chemistry.Each candidate for election must be proposed by three Ordinary Uembers of the Society. If the Council in their discretion think fit such sponsorship may be dispensed with in the case of a candidate not residing in the United Kingdom. Every application is placed before the Council and the Council have the power in their absolute discretion to elect candidates or to suspend or reject any application. Subject to the approval of Council any Junior Xember above the age of 21 may become an Ordinary Member if he so wishes. A member ceases to be a Junior Member on the 31st day of December in the year in which he attains the age of 27 years. Junior and Student Members may attend all meetings but are not entitled to vote. The Entrance Fee for Ordinary Members is L1 1s.and the Annual Subscription is i s . Junior and Student Nembers are not required to pay an Entrance Fee and their -Annual Subscriptions are L3 and k1 lOs. respectively. No Entrance Fee is payable by a Junior or Student Member on transferring to Ordinary Membership. The Entrance Fee (where appli- cable) and first year’s Subscription must accompany the completed form of AApplication for Membership. All Members receive monthly The Analyst the Journal of the Society which contains original and review papers information about analytical methods and reviews of books and has a world-wide distribution and Proceedings of the Society for Analytical Chewzzstry in which are reported the day-to-day activities of the Society. In addition any Member may receive dnalytical Abstracts providing a reliable index to the analytical literature of the world on payment of an additional L6 10s.per annum. Scientific Meetings of the Society are usually held in October November December February April and May in London but from time to time meetings are arranged in other parts of the country. Notices of all meetings are sent to members by post. -411 members of the Society have the privilege of using the Library of The Chemical Society. Full details about this facility can be obtained from the Librarian The Chemical Society Burlington House Piccadilly London WIV OBN. Forms of application for membership of the Society may be obtained from the Secretary The Society for Analytical Chemistry 9/10 Savile Row London WIX IAF. Subscriptions are due on January 1st of each year.LOCAL SECTIONS AND SUBJECT GROUPS THE East Anglia Midlands Sorth East North of England Scottish and \Yestern Section5 were formed to promote the aims and interests of the Society among the members in those areas. Specialised Groups within the Society are concerned with the study of various branches of analytical chemistry of specialised or topical interest. Groups dealing with such topics as Nicrochemical Methods Biological Methods Atomic Spectroscopy Chromatography and Electrophoresis Thermal Analysis Automatic Methods Particle Size Analysis Radiochemical Methods Electroanalytical techniques Pharmaceutical Analysis (jointly with the Pharma- ceutical Society and the Royal Institute of Chemistry) and a Special Techniques Group covering very new developments and specialised physical methods are at present active- and further Groups are formed from time to time as the need arises.Non-members of the Society may participate in the activities of a Group. THE SOCIETY FOR ANALYTICA4L CHEMISTRY Forthcoming Meetings June Thursday 25th and Friday 26th ST. ANDREWS July Thursday 2nd and Friday 3rd CARDIFF Thursday 9th LONDON SCOTTISH and NORTH EAST SECTIONS ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY and RADIO- Plenary lecture by T. S. West. “The Practical Application of the High Frequency Plasma Torch to Spectro- “The Determination of Trace Metals in Biological Material by Atomic Spectro- “Trace Element Analysis in Natural Waters,” by J. P. Riley. “Chemical Interferences in the Determination of Transition Elements by Atomic-absorption Spectrophotometry Indirect Determina tion of Traces of Titanium and Aluminium,” by D.T. Coker and J . M. Ottaway. “Mechanically Separated Laminar Flames,” by A. M. Ure. “Some Enzymatic Methods of Trace Analysis,” by A. Townshend. “Determination of Traces of Metals by Catalytic Analysis Based on Landolt “Determination of Anions by Catalytic Methods,” by J. M. Ottaway and “The Determination of Trace Elements in Antique Silver by Nuclear Tech- “Some Recent Applications of 7-photon Activation,” by J . S. Hislop and “The R61e of the Computer in Trace Neutron-activation Analysis,” by J . \V. “Some Applications of Radiochemical Group Separations in Neu tron-activation “The Study of Engine Wear by Neutron-activation Analysis,” by R. Oliver. “Some Problems in the Determination of Trace Amounts of Platinum in “The Determination of Trace Amounts of Sulphur Compounds in Gases,” by IJniversity of St.Andrews St. Andrews. CHEMICAL METHODS GROUPS on “Trace Analysis. ’’ scopy,” by P. B. Smith and S. Greenfield. scopy,” by J . B. Dawson. Reactions,” by G. Svehla. C. Tuladhar. niques,’’ by R. Wellum and J . E. Whitley. D. R. Williams. McMillan and J . W. Haynes. Analysis,” by G. C. Goode and A. R. Wilson. Glass,” by C. W. Fuller. G. M. S. Duff. WESTERN SECTION and MICROCHEMICAL METHODS GROUP on “Trace Analysis with Emphasis on Inorganic Aspects.” “The Determination of Trace Amounts of Bismuth and Oxygen in Ferrous Alloys,” by J . B. Headridge E. D. Rawsthorne and J . Richardson. “Analytical Control in an Integrated Steelworks,” by P. Gale. “Trace Analysis with Spark-source Mass Spectrometry ” by I). Nicholas.“Photopolarographic Absorption Spectroscopy-A Possible New Technique for Analysis and Structural Determination,” by D. R. Crow. “Aspects of Pre-concentration and Separation Techniques ” by G. Nickless. “Determination of Trace Elements in Sea Water,” by J . P. Riley. “Pyridylazonaphthols and Phenols as Analytical Reagents ” by D. Betteridge. “Catalytic Methods of Trace Inorganic Analysis,” by A. Tow-nshend. “Tirne-biased Periodic D.E.P.,” by E. Bishop and T. J . N. Webber. “Principles of Selective Ion-sensitive Membrane Electrodes,” by J. n. I<. “Calcium Ion Sensitive Electrodes,” by G. J . Moody. University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST) King Thomas. Edward VII Avenue. Cardiff. Radiochemical Methods Group. Exhibition of Radiochemical Instruments. Borough Polytechnic London S.E. 1 ; 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Printed by W Heffer & S o n s Ltd Cambridge England

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA97007BX023

出版商:RSC    

年代:1970

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

June 1970 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY Vol. 7 No. 6 FOR ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Presentation of the Society’s Gold Medal by the President As was formally reported in the March Proceedings the Annual General Meeting of the Society was held this year in Manchester at the invitation of the North of England Section. The business meeting was immediately followed by a lecture by Dr. F. L. Rose O.B.E. F.R.I.C. F.R.S. Research Manazer of Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Pharmaceutical Division entitled “An Organic Chemist at Large,” sumniarised on p. 92. In the evening an informal dinner was held at the Midland Hotel at which the Society’s Fourth Gold Medal was presented by the President to Dr. R. C. Chirnside. The President presents the Gold Medal to DY. Chirnside The President introduced the Gold Medallist by saying that by birth at least Dr.Chirnside was a member of the North of England Section as were the first medallist H. N. Wilson and the second B. Bagshawe. Indeed it could be said that R. Belcher the third medallist was also in spirit at least a member from the North because of his strong connections with the region. Commenting further the President said that members from the South could take some comfort from the fact that the significant work of Dr. Chirnside’s career had taken place at lower latitudes. Unquestionably Dr. Chirnside had played a big part in the shaping of our Society for Analytical Chemistry and his imprint could be found in many of its most prominent activities. Dr. Chirnside had served as Vice-president President and Past- President on its Council.He had served on almost all of its Committees and it was particu- larly noteworthy that he had been the Founder Chairman of the former Physical Methods 89 90 PRESENTATION OF THE SOCIETY’S GOLD MEDAL [Proc. SOC. Analyt. Chem. Group. Dr. Chirnside’s contributions to the service of analytical chemistry also extended internationally for example his service on the Analytical Division Committee of the I.U.P.A.C. for a period of 8 years. Recently those contributions had been recognised academically by the award of the University of Bath’s DSc. to Dr. Chirnside and the Society was now pleased so to speak to set the gold seal on Dr. Chirnside’s career by awarding him its Gold Medal. DR. CHIRNSIDE thanked the President and the Council of the Society for the award and for the honour accorded to him; it made him feel that he was thought to have done something worth- while for analytical chemistry.This new and enjoyable experience made this a time to take stock of himself and to ask himself what he had done. No man could know at the outset of his career where his inclinations and associations would lead. He recalled Mr. Bagshawe when he received his Medal telling how as a school- boy he had offered and given assistance to a distinguished looking man endeavouring to change a wheel on his car and how he later learnt that this was Dr. W. H. Hatfield the famous metallurgist; this had led to Mr. Bagshawe becoming a metallurgical chemist. At a similar age in the early 192O’s he was being pressed to become an electrical engineer. Not then comprehending the difference between an electrician and a professional engineer and being as he still was averse to stripping insulation from the ends of wires he became a chemist by default .A person’s greatest good fortune was to come into contact in early life with men who fired his imagination and whom consciously or unconsciously he would seek to emulate. Two such men had influenced him the first was Dr. J. T. Dunn with whom he had served for 5 years. Dunn was President of the Society in 1930; a teacher at heart and a gentleman to his fingertips. He was a man of wide culture a musician and had an almost pedantic regard for the proper use of the English language. This was his early contact with the Society of Public Analysts (as the Society was then) ; not only did he see The Analyst but also Dr. Dunn’s galley proofs annotated in green ink in his fine handwriting.Dv. Chirnside (R) with Mrs. Chirnside and Dv. B. Sandberg at the Reception before the Dinner Chance again took a hand; he took an extramural course of Cambridge University in Mo+rn Physics and when a vacancy at the General Electric Company was advertised he applied and was selected out of 160 applicants and perhaps the Modern Physics played some small part in this. He had joined the Society in 1928 and was first elected to Council in 1938. He had submitted some “revolutionary ideas,” which he would like to think culminated in the formation of the Groups in 1944. He felt honoured that he had become the first Chairman of the Physical Methods Group and later the first Chairman of the Analytical Abstracts Committee in close association with its first Editor Dr.Norman Evers. On moving to London he met Dr. C. A. Mitchell then editing The AnaZyst. June 19701 PRESENTATION OF THE SOCIETY’S GOLD MEDAL 91 The high spot in his career with the Society came with the Congress at Oxford in 1952 of which Sir Robert Robinson was President. Although strictly this was an I.U.P.A.C. Congress the Council of the Society had given its full support. The Congress office was manned by the Society’s staff Miss Hutchinson Mr. Okell (who was then Editor) and the present Editor and by members of the G.E.C. research staff Dr. H. J. Cluley Mr. B. S. Cooper and Miss Lavender (Mrs. J. E. Still). Lady Thompson gave invaluable service a t Oxford and Sir Wallace Akers was a tower of strength. He had learnt a lot from that Congress and had made many friends from all over the world.Among them was Dr. Bengt Sandberg present at this dinner who had gone on to organise the 1953 I.U.P.A.C. Conference in Stockholm and Professor Kolthoff from whom he had received a congratulatory letter only that morning. He had been associated with I.U.P.A.C. for many years through its Analytical Division and his experience had made him sympathetic towards the efforts of politicians in the inter- national sphere. (L-R) The President MYS. Sinav Dr. F. L. Rose aitd MY. R. Sinar (Section Chnivmarz) On being elected to the Society’s Presidency in 1959 he had felt honoured to have followed Dr. Dunn into an office in which he could not possibly have imagined himself in the early days of his career. He had been greatly moved by the action of Mr.F. W. Arnauld who as Honorary Secretary had personally welcomed him on his election to membership of the Society and who although infirm had made a special effort to attend his first meeting as President . The other major influence had been provided by Sir Clifford Paterson F.R.S. Director of the General Electric Company’s Research Laboratories. Sir Clifford had founded a democratic establishment in which ideas flowed up the pyramid. This had made him realise that men’s minds were a precious charge. The job of a leader was to create an environment in which his colleagues could flourish and develop and in which all could use their talents to best advantage. Simply said Dr. Chirnside that he wanted to acknowledge the debt he owed to all those whose influence and help had rubbed off on to him not least some of the older men in this Society who had been so kind to him over these 42 years. He could only hope in his turn that something had rubbed off him on to the younger men with whom he had been associated. In looking to the future he recalled that the firm of which Dr. Dunn had been principal had been founded in 1858; it had celebrated its Centenary in 1958 by holding a dinner attended by 35 of Dunn’s former pupils. He looked forward to being present when this Society celebrated its Centenary in 1974. What had all this to do with the Gold Medal ?

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9700700089

出版商:RSC    

年代:1970

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

92 =1N ORG.4NIC CHEMIST AT LriICGE [I’mc. SOC. ,4iza2jt. Chem. An Organic Chemist at Large BY I;. L. ROSE* (Imperial Chemical Industvies Limited Phavmareztica!s Divisioiz Jlereside Alderley Park LWacclesjield Cheshire SKI0 4TG) DR. ROSE began by comparing the state of cheiiiotherapeutic practice in the years immediately preceding World War TI with that of the present. I t was difficult to realise that in such comparatively recent times there were no really effective remedies for a host of killing and disabling diseases. There was little for example that could be done apart from easing the symptoms for conditions such as typhoid cholera tuberculosis pneumonia and infections due to the streptococcus and staphylococcus while treatments for many tropical diseases such as leprosy sleeping sickness and malaria were non-existent insufficient or prohibitively expen- sive.Today the situation is entirely changed and a disease for example like pneumonia from which 30 years ago people would have been dying in their tens of thousands in the U.K. alone at this time of year has become almost a rarity. Over the same period of time the expectation of life for a new-born child in this country has increased by nearly 15 years due in no small measure to the effectiveness of modern chemotherapy. A further illustration of progress provided by Dr. Rose was in the number of synthetic agents currently in the R.P. (about 250) compared with the mid-thirties (25). In his own organisation almost four thousand new compounds were examined each year for therapeutic effect. On average about twenty of these (depending where the line was drawn) could be regarded as potential candidates for clinical or field (veterinary) trial and bexan the rigorous course of pharmacological and toxicity tests.Perhaps two three or four survived but further loss was usual in the final phase in man. Occasionally also a product had to be withdrawn after addition to the selling range. When this happened it represented a tremendous loss in time highly sophisticated scientific endeavour and of course money. Indeed the research and development cost of each new drug was nowadays not far short of two million pounds. Under these circumstances it was incumbent upon research management to rationalise the approach to new discovery as much as possible and Dr. Rose illustrated from his own experi- ences over the years the various ways in which this was attempted.From the purely theore- tical point of view the most satisfying and aesthetic leads had been provided by the extension of the so-called Woods-Fildes hypothesis whereby a drug was designed from knowledge of the chemistry i.e. the biochemistry of the disease condition involved be it caused by the invasion of the animal body by parasitic cells such as bacteria or protozoa or by aberration of normal body function. In the event a great deal of work had proceeded along these lines and much had been learned about the interaction of chemical substances with cell systems but unfor- tunately the tally of new and useful drugs had been disappointingly small. Dr. Rose analysed some of the causes behind this seeming failure and placed particular stress on the matter of drug access to the target disease-producing cell in the aniinal body.In practice the design of a structure with the necessary pharmacodynamic properties was usually much more difficult than devising a molecule having the desired action on the isolated cell system as measured in vitro for example. This was true even in the simplest cases where an infection of the blood stream was involved and Dr. Rose illustrated this point by reference to the very different concentrations attained in the blood following the oral administration of sulphanilamide derivatives with slightly varied structures. Notwithstanding this large area of uncertainty the “rational approach” was still intensively pursued and Dr. Rose showed how an I.C.I. investigation on specific growth factors for a disease produced by acid-fast bacilli in cattle had been generalised into a search for potential drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy so far without success even after 10 years of study.Another current line of work illustrated the approach based on the marriage of new heterocyclic chemistry with the simula- tion of the structure of a naturally occurring compound in the search for new anti-asthmatic drugs and served to show how easy it still was to encounter a toxic manifestation in man which had no counterpart in the earlier laboratory findings. (ith 1970 and reported in the March issue of PYoceedings (p. 41). *Summary of the paper presented after the Annual General Xeeting of the Society held on March June 19701 REPORTS OF MEETINGS 93 Finally Dr. Rose described some of the very recent and unique researches on drugs for the treatment of cardiac conditions but mainly to highlight yet another example of the dis- covery of toxic side effects in the laboratory this time an obscure inalignant process in mice thought to be due to the metabolic production of an aziridine derivative. This particular example was of especial interest to analytical chemists as it showed how the need for the almost impossible task of detecting this labile substance was by-passed by circumstantial but convincing evidence provided by chemical ingenuity.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9700700092

出版商:RSC    

年代:1970

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

June 19701 REPORTS OF MEETINGS 93 Reports of Meetings NORTH OF ENGLAND SECTION THE thirty-third Summer Meeting of the Section was held from Friday May 29th to Monday June lst 1970 at the Imperial Hotel Llandudno. The Chairman of the Section Mr. R. Sinar presided over an Ordinary Meeting on the morning of Saturday May 30th at which a lecture on “Josiah Wedgewood and his Contribu- tion to the Potting Industry” was given by W. A. Billington. WESTERN SECTION THE Summer Xeeting of the Section was held on Saturday May 30th and started at the Angel Hotel Coleford. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Section Dr. T. G. Morris. The subject of the meeting was “History and Topography of the Forest of Dean,” and the speaker and guide was the Revd. Canon R. J. Mansfield. The meeting included a coach tour of the Forest of Dean.MIDLANDS SECTION A JOINT Meeting of the Section with the Loughborough University of Technology Chemical Society was held at 4.15 p.m. on Tuesday May 19th 1970 in the Edward Herbert Building University of Technology Loughborough. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Section Mr. W. M. Lewis. The following paper was presented and discussed “Fluorescence with Reference to Medi- cal and Pharmaceutical Applications,” by J. W. Bridges. EAST ANGLIA SECTION AN Ordinary Meeting of the Section was held at 11 a.m. on Thursday May 14th 1970 at the Huntingdon Research Centre Alconbury. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Section Mr. C. E. Waterhouse. The subject of the meeting was “Pharmaceutical Analysis and Related Applications” and the following papers were presented and discussed “Electrophoresis of Serum Protein,” by A.E. Street ; “Displacement Analysis Competitive Protein-binding Techniques,” by C. E. Horth. The meeting was followed by a tour of the Research Laboratories. MICROCHEMICAL METHODS GROUP THE seventy-fourth London Discussion Meeting of the Group was held at 6.30 p.m. on Wednesday May 13th 1970 at the Leicester Lounge Glasshouse Street London W.l. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Group Dr. G. Ingrarri.. There were two subjects for discussion “A Critical Survey of Microbalances” and “Electrobalances,” which were opened by D. A. Pantony 0. F. Newman and G. I;. Hodsman. AUTOMATIC METHODS AND ELECTROANALUTICAL GROUPS A JOINT Meeting of the Automatic Methods and Electroanalytical Groups was held at 6.30 p .in.on Thursday May 28th 1970 at the Leicester Lounge Glasshouse Street London W. 1. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Automatic Methods Group Mr. D. C. M. Squirrell. 94 WATER ANALYSIS LProc. SOC. Analyt. Chem. The subject of the meeting was “On-line Electrochemical Sensors” and the following papers were presented and discussed “The Rapid Determination of Mercury in Urine by Automatic Anodic Stripping Voltammetry,” by P. 0. Kane; “Newer Designs of Electro- chemical Sensors,” by A. E. Bottom ; “Plant Application Problems with Electrochemical Sensors,’’ by G. V. R. Mattock. JOINT PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS GROUP A DISCUSSION Meeting of the Joint Group was held at 2.30 p.m. on Tuesday June %nd 1970 at the British Medical Association House Tavistock Square London W.C.1. The Chair was taken by the Chairman of the Group Mr. D. C. M. Adamson. A discussion on “Good Manufacturing Practice” was opened by L. Levi B. A. Forder J. Lightbown E. Lax and 0. Walldn.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9700700093

出版商:RSC    

年代:1970

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

94 WATER ANALYSIS [Proc. SOC. Analyt. Chem. Water Analysis The following is a summary of one of the papers presented at an Ordinary Meeting of the Society held on November Ijth 1969 and reported in the November 1969 issue of Proceedings (p. 196). Summaries of other papers presented at this Meeting were published in the Febru- ary 1970 issue of Proceedings (p. 30). Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Organic Carbon BY G. M. WOODWARD I Trent River Aztfhority Pollution Confvol and Fisheries Departnzeizt Al/leadow Lane (1Year Trent Bridge) Nottingham NG2 3HN) THE three determinations biochemical oxygen demand (R.O.D.) chemical oxygen demand (C.O.D.) and total organic carbon (T.O.C.) are related determinations inasmuch as they all make some measure of the organic content of a water.However the principles behind each test are different and hence the interpretations placed on the results of each test are different. The measurement of the organic matter content of a water is of vital importance to all connected with work on water pollution control as the concentration of organic matter gives information on the dissolved oxygen consuming power of the water and of the treatability of effluents prior to discharge to a watercourse or of river waters for domestic supply. BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND- The B.O.D. test originated from the Royal Commission on Sewage Disposal at the turn of the century. The test was originally intended to assess the effect of sewage and sewage effluents on the dissolved oxygen concentration of the receiving stream.The principle of the test is very simple in that the dissolved oxygen concentration of the sample is determined before and after incubation for 5 days at 20°C the difference being the B.O.D. of the sample allowance being made for any dilution that the sample has received. Although superficially such a simple test the determination is open to many sources of error. A knowledge of these errors is necessary if meaningful results are to be obtained. The principal sources of error are the method of determination of the dissolved oxygen concentra- tion ; nitrification during the B.O.D. test; composition of dilution water; dilution of sample; and presence of substances toxic to bacteria. Other factors that may affect the B.O.D. result include temperature variations nutrient balance size of B.O.D.bottle and delay between sampling and analysis. The precision of the test has been variously reported as ranging between 5 and 20 per cent. but in my experi- ence 20 per cent. is closer to the truth. CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND- By common usage C.O.D. may be taken to mean dichromate value which is measured by refluxing the sample with a sulphuric acid - potassium dichromate mixture under pre- scribed conditions. Interference from chloride can be effectively overcome by complexation with mercury(r1) sulphate. June 19701 WATER ANALYSIS 95 The test is much more precise than the B.O.D. and can be applied to many industrial effluents which do not respond to the R.O.D. test by virtue of their toxicity. By the use of a semi-micro technique the inherent danger of refluxing large volumes of concentrated sul- phuric acid can be avoided and the C.O.D.test may conveniently be automated with an improvement in precision. TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON- The determination of T.O.C. can now be carried out rapidly by an instrumental method. The Heckman Carbon Analyser relies on the combustion of the total carbon to carbon dioxide at 950°C which is then measured by infrared absorption. The inorganic carbon fraction is determined by low temperature combustion at 150°C over quartz chips wetted with phosphoric acid. The total organic carbon content is then obtained by difference. The method is rapid and accurate down to & 1 mg 1 l of carbon but the capital cost of the instrument is high and will be beyond many small organisations (E3800 including import dutv). This converts inorganic carbonates into carbon dioxide and steam. CONCLUSIONS The B.O.D. measures a variable fraction of the total organic matter usually about 70 per cent. The C.O.D. usually measures 95 per cent. and the T.O.C. measures 100 per cent. The comparative times taken to carry out the determinations are B.O.D. 5 days; C.O.D. 2 hours; and T.O.C. 5 minutes. R.O.D. is the only test that makes some measure of the biodegradability of the organic matter present and is probably the best test to assess the effect of organic discharges on the dissolved oxygen concentration of the receiving stream but the C.O.D. and T.O.C. tests may become increasingly popular on account of their relative speed of determination and better precision.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9700700094

出版商:RSC    

年代:1970

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

June 19701 WATER ANALYSIS 95 Catalysis The following is a summary of the paper presented at an Ordinary Meeting of the Midlands Section held on March l l t h 1970 and reported in the May issue of Proceedings (P- 78). Catalytic Methods of Analysis BY ALAN TOWNSHEND (Department of Chemistry University of Birmingham P.O. Box 363 Birminghanz 15) THE ever-increasing demand for inore sensitive analytical methods has caused a recent revival of interest in catalytic methods of analysis. Such methods in which trace amounts of catalyst in solution accelerate slow reactions have long been known for their sensitivity and selectivity but because of a reputation for unreliability and imprecision have not achieved widespread use. Recent developments in apparatus for kinetic measurements however have markedly improved the precision of catalytic methods to match that of the less sensitive spectro- photometric equilibrium procedures.One is the oxidation of azide by iodine which is catalysed only by certain sulphur compound; e.g. (NCS S,O?- S2- R-SH R-S-S-R). The other is the arsenic(II1) - ceriumfw) reaction catalysed only by osmium ruthenium and iodine. Both reactions give rise to very sensitive analytical pro- cedures. For example 3 x 10-lO~ osmium can be determined with an error of 4 per cent.l The kinetics of these catalytic reactions have recently been e v a l ~ a t e d . ~ ~ y 4 Hafnium and zirconium can be determined in admixture by their catalytic effect on the oxidation of r . 1 wo reactions have been widely used in catalytic analysis. Numerous other redox reactions have been used for catalytic determinations.96 CATALYSIS [Proc. SOC. AnaZyt. Chem. iodide by hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic effect changes differently with pH for each metal ion so that rate measurement at two different pH values enables the concentration of both metals to be a~certained.~ Traces of silver can be determined by catalysis of the manganese(I1) - peroxodisulphate reaction,6 a procedure that has also been adapted as a semi-quantitative field test for silver in rocks.7 Determination of nanogram-amounts of manganese and copper in biological samples has been carried out based on their catalysis of the oxidation of diethylaniline by periodate and hydroquinone by hydrogen peroxide respec- tively.8 A wide variety of other catalytic reactions with sensitivities as great as 10-l2g has been reviewed by Yat~imirskii.~ The oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide for example is catalysed by iron an effect that is enhanced when the iron is bound in a haem protein.The reaction has been used for blood detectionl9 and for the detection of as little as 10-llg of haematin or 10-log of haenioglobin,ll corresponding to an iron content of about lO-I3g. The same reaction when catalysed by copper ions has been used to determine ~O-’M hydrogen peroxide.12 Chemiluminescent reactions can be catalysed by traces of metals. Complexing reactions can also be catalysed. For example the conversion- [Fe(CN),]*- Hzo [Fe(CN) H20I3- + CN- is catalysed by mercury and can be used to determine 10-6g of ~iiercury.l~~~* ,4 co-ordination chain reaction in which ligand exchange between the triethylenetetramine - nickel and EDTA - copper(I1) complexes is catalysed by 10W to lo-’ M EDTA has been used to determine similar concentrations of numerous metal ions by the decrease in free EDTA concentration on addition of the metal ion.15,16 Selectivity can be achieved by masking (for example of mercury and silver with thiosulphate).17 The system has also ingeniously been applied to the deter- mination of sub-micromolar oxygen concentrations.ls *4s well as the sulphur anions mentioned above down to 45 ng of cyanide can be determined by its catalysis of the reaction between $-nitro- benzaldeh yde and o-dinitr0ben~ene.l~ y20 Use of a suitably modified spectrophotometer with stabilised electronics and automatic print-out of results enables reaction rates to be measured rapidly (in about 20 s) thereby simplifying the kinetics and giving increased precision and rapid analysis.For example 0.001 to 0-06 p.p.m. of osmium can be determined in this way with a relative standard devia- tion of 1 per cent. with the arsenic(II1) - cerium(1v) system.21 Catalytic methods are ideally suited to automatic analysis as the time factor can be accommodated simply by use of a “delay” in the solution transport system after mixing of reactants. Completely automatic analysis including sample preparation of iodine in serum or urine,22 based on the arsenic(II1) - cerium(1v) system enables 0.07 p.p.m. of iodine to be determined with an error of 1-3 per cent. The automation of kinetic methods of analysis has recently been reviewed.23 Finally enzyme-catalysed reactions are finding increasing scope in inorganic analysis.The selective inhibition of certain enzymes by traces of ions has been used for the deterniina- tion of the inhibitors. The earliest example is the determination of nanogram amounts of fluoride by lipase inhibition.24 The determination of similar amounts of silver and beryllium by their inhibition of i n ~ e r t a s e ~ ~ and alkaline phosphatase,26 7 2 7 respectively are other typical examples. Apo-alkaline phosphatase prepared by removal of prosthetic zinc from the parent enzyme is selectively activated by zinc and can be used for the detection and determination of nanogram amounts of that element .28 9 2 9 Anions can be determined catalytically. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 1 . 12. REFERENCES Rodriguez P. A. and Pardue H. I,. A n a l y f .Ciiem. 1969 41 1376. Dahl W. E. and Pardue H. L. Ibid. 1965 37 1382. Habig R. L. Pardue H. L. and Worthington J. B. Ibid. 1967 39 600. Rodriguez P. A. and Pardue H. L. Ibid. 1969 41 1369. Yatsimirskii K. R. and Raizman L. P. Zh. Analit. KJzim. 1963 18 829. Underwood A. L. Rurrill A. M. and Rogers L. B. Analyt. Chem. 1952 24 1507. Nakagawa H. M. and Lakin H. W. U.S. Geol. Survey Pvof. Papev 525-C p. C172. Dittel IF. %. Analyt. Chem. 1967 229 193. Yatsimirskii I(. B. “Kinetic Methods of Analysis,” Pergamon Press Oxford 1966. Specht W. Angew. Chem. 1937 50 155. Neufeld H. A. Conklin C. J. and Towner R. D. -4nalyt. Biochem. 1965 12 303. Armstrong W. A. and Humphreys TV. G. Can. J . CIicm. 1965 43 2576. .June 19701 PAPERS ACCEPTED FOR THE ANALYST 97 13. 14. 16. 16. 17. 18.19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Asperger S. and Xurati J. Analyt. Chem. 1954 26 543. Hadjiioannou T. P. Analytica Chim. Acta 1966 35 351. Margerum D. W. and Olson D. C. J . Amer. Chew. SOC. 1963 85 297. Margerum D. W. and Steinhaus R. I<. Analyt. Chem. 1965 37 222. Stehl R. H. Margerum D. I V . and Latterell J. J. Ibid. 1967 39 1346. Margerum D. W. and Stelil R. H. Ibid. 1967 39 1351. Guilbault G. G. and Kramer D. N. Ibid. 1966,38 834. Guilbault G. G. and Mcqueen R. J. Analytica Chim. Acta 1968 40 251. Pardue H. L. and Habig R. L. Ibid. 1966 35 383. Cornoy E. Revzte Fr. 2 h d . Clin. Biol. 1967 12 189. Parduc H. L. in Reilley C N. and McLafferty F. W. Editors “Advances in Analytical Chemistry Linde H. W. Analjit. Chem. 1959 31 2092. Mealor D. and Townshend A. Talanta 1968 15 747 and 1371. Guilbault G. G. Sadar M. H. and Zimmer M. Analytica Chint. Actu 1969 44 361. Townshend A. and Vaughan A, Talanta 1969 16 929. - Anad-ytica Chim. Arta. 1970 49 570. and Instrumcntation” Volume 7 Interscience Publishers New York 1968 p. 141. - _- Talanta 1970 17 289.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9700700095

出版商:RSC    

年代:1970

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

.June 19701 PAPERS ACCEPTED FOR THE ANALYST 97 Papers Accepted for Publication in The Analyst THE following papers have been accepted for publication in The Amalyst and are espected to appear in the near future. “A Differential Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Grignard Reagent Concentration,” by S. Gorog and G. Szepesi. “The Spectrophotometric Determination of Tungsten with Thiocyanate. Part I. A Review of Procedures,” by A. G. Fogg D. R. Marriott and D. Thorburn Burns. “The Spectrophotometric Determinations of Tungsten with Thiocyanatc. Part 11. An Experimental Assessment of Procedures ,4 Recommended Procedure for the Deter- mination of Tungsten in Steel,” by A. G. Fogg D. R. hfarriott and D. Thorburn Burns. “Kinetic and Analytical Investigations of the Chlorate and Iodate Oxidations of Vana- dium (IV) in a Perchloric Acid Medium,” by C.W. Fuller and J. JI. Ottaway. “The Determination of Traces of Beryllium by Gas Chromatography,” by J. K. Foreman T. A. Gough and E. A. Walker. “The Rapid Determination of Fat in Cocoa Products by a Differential Density Technique,” by A. M. J. Perl A. D. Ince and P. H. Wiggall. “Automatic Methods of Solvent Extraction. Continuous Extraction of Low Concentrations in Won-ionic Detergent from Water,” by R. Sawyer P. €3. Stockwell and K. B. E. Tucker. “A Rapid Procedure for Preparing Gas Samples for Nitrogen-15 Determination,” by P. J. Ross and A. E. Martin. “A Gas-chromatographic Method for the Determination of Vitamin D in Non-fat Dry Milk,” by T. Panalaks. “A Method for the Determination of Tin in the Range 0-2 pg to 1.6 pg and its Application to the Determination of an Organotin Stabiliser in Certain Foodstuffs,” by L. H. Adcock and Miss W. G. Hope. Part 11. Fluori- metric Determination of Hafnium in the Presence of Zirconium with Quercetin,” by A. Brookes and A. Townshend. “A Simple Sample Introduction Device for Use with High Vacuum Apparatus,” by D. F. Wood and D. A. Swann. Part 11. “Studies on the Analytical Chemistry of Hafnium and Zirconium.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9700700097

出版商:RSC    

年代:1970

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

98 PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED [Yroc. SOC. Analyt. Chew Publications Received The publications listed below have been received by the Editor of The Analyst in which journal Edited by R. W. PLEWS A.R.I.C. A.C.T. 1970. Book Reviews will continue to appear. ANALYTICAL METHODS USED IN SUGAR REFINING. (Liv). Pp viii + 234. Price 110s. Amsterdam London and New York Elsevier Publishing Co. Ltd. CHEMICAL METHODS OF ROCK ANALYSIS. Volume 36. By P. G. JEFFERY. Pp. xiv + 509. 1970. Price 140s. ; Oxford New York Toronto Sydney and Braunschweig Pergamon Press. $18.50. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. By L. SZEPESY CSc. English Translation edited by E. D. MORGAN B.Sc. M.A. D.Phil. F.R.I.C. Pp. viii + 384. London Iliffe Books Ltd. 1970. Price 100s. SECOND AUSTRALIAN CONFERENCE ON ELECTROCHEMISTRY. MELBOURNE 1968. Plenary Lec- Edited by K.W. CATTRALL I(. G. NEILL J . E. A. London Butterworth & Co. Ltd. tures & Abstracts of Original Papers. WALKELEY and J. TREGELLAS-WILLIAMS. Price 90s. Pp. iv + 188. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY. SERIES IX. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. Volume 10. Edited Pp. viii + 474. Oxford London Edinburgh New York by D. C. STEWART and H. A. ELION. Toronto Sydney Paris and Braunschweig Pergamon Press. 1970. Price fj10; $27. SOLVENT EXTRACTION RESEARCH. Extraction Chemistry held in Jerusalem Israel 16-18 September 1968. KERTES and Y. MARCUS. Interscience. 1969. Price fj14. Proceedings on the Fifth International Conference on Solvent Edited by A. S. New York London Sydney and Toronto Wiley- COURS DE THERMODYNAMIQUE STATISTIQUE. By RAYMOND CASTAISG. Pp. iv + 346. Paris Pp. xx + 439.Masson et Cie. 1970. Price F 48. ABSORPTION SPECTRA IN THE ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE REGION. VOLUME XII. Edited by Collaborators Dr. A. BARTECKI G. HORV.&TH J. S Z ~ K E and G. VARS-~NYI. Dr. L. LANG. Budapest Akadkmiai Kiad6. 1969. Price 135s. AN INTRODUCTION TO ION EXCHANGE. By RUSSELL PATERSON. Pp. viii + 109. London Heyden & Son Ltd. ; Philadelphia Sadtler Research Laboratories Inc. 1970. Price 50s. DYNAMIC MASS SPECTROMETRY. VOLUME 1. The Second European Symposium on the Time-of- Edited by D. PRICE London Heyden & Son Ltd.; Philadelphia Sadtler Flight Mass Spectrometer. and J. E. WILLIAMS. Research Laboratories Inc. 1970. Price 110s. University of Salford England July 1969. Pp. viii + 247. STRUCTURE-FUNCTION ~ZELATIONSHIPS OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES. Proceedings of the Inter- Edited by D. DESNUELLE H. NEURATH national Symposium Copenhagen June 16-18 €969. and M. OTTESEN. Pp. 309. Copenhagen Munksgaard. 1970. Price 128s. 3d. Pp. 110. plus postage (Dfl. 5.40; $1.50). THERMOCHIMICA ACTA. Editor in Chief. W. W. WENDLANDT. Voliime 1. No. 1. March 1970. Subscription Price Dfl.81.00; $22.50 Amsterdam Elsevier Publishing Company. A New Jouvnal THE DETERMINATION OF CARBOXYLIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. Ry R. D. TIWARI and J. P. SHARMA. Oxford New York Toronto Sydney and Braunschweig Pergamon Press. Pp. viii + 132. 1970. Price 60s.; $8. THE NMR OF POLYMERS Translated by G. NIGEL TURTON and TATIANA I. TURTON. Pp. x + 365 New York Plenum Press. 1970. Price lS5s $19.50; DM 78. By I. YA. SLONIM and A. N. LYURIMOV.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9700700098

出版商:RSC    

年代:1970

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

June 19701 NOTICES 99 Notices THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY’S LIBRARY MEMBERS of the Society have the privilege of using the Library of The Chemical Society at Burlington House London WlV OBN. The following publications of analytical interest have been added to the Library since the last list appeared in Proceedings (1970 7 75). ELECTROCHEMISTRY AT SOLID ELECTRODES. R. N. ADAMS. Dekker. 1969. LIST OF COMPOUND NAMES FORMULAE AND REFERENCES TO PUBLISHED INFRARED SPECTRA AND INDEX American Society for Testing and Materials. TO 92,000 PUBLISHED INFRARED SPECTRA. -\.S.T.M. 1969. 2 Volumes. X-RAY SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS. Second Edition. L. S. BIRKS. Interscience. 1969. SOLUTE-SOLVENT INTERACTIONS. J. F. COETZEE and C. D. RITCHIE. Dekker. 1969. CHEMICAL SEPARATION METHODS. J.A. DEAN. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.1969. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM. S. V. ELINSON and I<. I. PETROV. Ann Arbor- MISES ATJ POINT DE CHIMIE ANALYTIQUE ORGANIQUE PHARMACEUTIQUE ET BROMATOLOGIQUE. Nineteenth METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FRESH WATERS. Edited by H. L. GOLTERMAN and R. S. CLYMO. ELEMENTS OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS. E. &I. GUGGEN- STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Second Edition. C. I<. INGOLD. G. Bcll & Sons DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS. Edited by R. C. MACKENZIE. Academic Press. 1970. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF BERYLLIUM. A. V. NOVOSELOVA and L. R. BATSANOVA. Ann Arbor- ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF COBALT. I. V. PYATNITSKII. Ann Xrbor-Humphrey Science Publishers. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES. Humphrey Science THIK-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY A LABORATORY HANDBOOK.Sccond Edition. Edited by E. STAHL. Humphrey Science Publishers. 1969. Series. J. A. GAUTIER and P. MALANGEAU. Masson et Cie. 1970. Rlackwell. 1969. HEIM. Royal Institute of Chemistry. 1966. Ltd. 1969. R.I.C. Monographs for Teachers No. 12. Humphrey Science Publishers. 1969. 1969. Publishers Inc. 1969. ,411en & Unwin. 1969. MONOXIDE IN CARBON OXIDE. Authority Reactor Group). H.M. Stationery Office. 1969. A. DURST. Bureau of Standards. 1969. R. M. SCOTT. .\UTOMATIC GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSlS OF HYDROGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN METHANE AND CARBON K. SWANN and J. A. J. WALKER. (United Kingdom Atomic Energy Edited by RICHARD National ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM AT GAITHERSBURG 1969. United States Institute for Materials Research Analytical Chemistry Division.‘rrIF ELUCIDATION OF ORGANIC ELECTRODE PROCESSES. P. ZUMAN. Academic Press. 1969. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ELECTROPHORESIS BRUSSELS SEPTEMBER 1 4 ~ ~ TO 1 6 ~ ~ 1970 AN International Symposium on Chromatography and Electrophoresis organised by the Sociktk Belge des Sciences Pharmaceutiques will be held at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles Faculte de Medicine Boulevard de Waterloo 115 B-1000 Brussels from September 14th to 16th 1970. The Symposium will cover all theoretical and practical applications and an exhibition of scientific apparatus will be on display. Further details of registration can be obtained from the Secretary of the “Sociktk Belge des Sciences Pharmaceutiques,” Rue Archim6de 11 1040 Brussels Belgium. The closing date for registration is August lst 1970.100 NOTICES FOURTEENTH CONFERENCE ON ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY IN NUCLEAR TECHNOLOG\- THE Fourteenth Conference on Analytical Chemistry in Nuclear Technology will be held at the Mountain View Hotel in Gatlingburg Tennessee from October 13th to 15th 1970 under the sponsorship of the Analytical Chemistry Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Laboratory is operated by Union Carbide Corporation for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Papers up to 25 minutes in length describing original unpublished work related to the following topics are solicited by the Program Committee. Applications of Digital Computers in Analytical Chemistry. New Sensors and Detectors for Use in Studies Related to Environmental Pollution. Problems Associated with the Purity of Reagents for Use in Chemical Analysis. Sample Preparation and Dissolution-Vital Steps in Chemical Analysis. Papers on topics of general interest related to analytical chemistry in nuclear technology . The registration fee except for full-time students is $10.00 per person. A registration fee of $5.00 will be required for attendance of one day or any part thereof. Abstracts of papers and inquiries concerning the Conference including request for programs should be directed to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory P.O. Box X Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830 Attention L. J. Brady Chairman.

ISSN:0037-9697    

DOI:10.1039/SA9700700099

出版商:RSC    

年代:1970

数据来源: RSC