摘要:

A dynamic of imitation among client firms produces the high level of isomorphism observable in their auditor selection. However, the form and extent of a corporate actor's behavior are influenced by the actor's position among competing peers. Examining 2,285 auditor-client pairs, this study finds that the likelihood of imitation in auditor selection systematically varies across the status dimension. First, the leaders in an industry seek to differentiate themselves from their chief competitors. Second, the firms of the middle stratum imitate the leaders in their industry extensively by choosing from the same set of auditors. Third, the firms at the bottom seem to be excluded from this concern. This interplay between inclusion and exclusion among socially differentiated actors, in turn, yields substantial polarization in size among CPA firms and hence the extreme market share concentration that characterizes the audit services market.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.2.637

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article examines cohabitation among the unmarried, which is very common, particularly among the divorced. Unmarried cohabitation is in most cases associated with a substantially higher level of subjective well-being, but the importance of cohabitation depends on the time since the termination of the marriage. There is a substantial short-term negative effect of becoming widowed, but little or no long-term effect. The negative effect of divorce seems to be stable aver time, but this could be a result of differential selection for remarriage. For those who have established a new relationship of cohabitation during the first year after the marital separation, the separation seems to be a positive event. In contrast, the separated who live alone during the first year report very low levels of well-being.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.2.665

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In this article, we investigate the factors predicting the inclusion and positioning of a particularly important family member in an American's discussion network: one's spouse. With data from the 1985 General Social Survey, we first investigate factors that underlie propensities among married Americans to include spouses as members of their discussion networks. We then investigate factors underlying their propensities to name their spouse as the first, and presumably most important, person in their network.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.2.693

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article explores the application of neoinstitutional theory to religious organizations, focusing on how institutionalized myths and rituals of ecclesiastical authority influence members' behavior and attitudes toward organizational policy. Research done on hierarchical and decentralized religious polities (which are structures of church government) reveal differential processes of informing parishioners about church policy. Hierarchical (or “tightly structured”) religious institutions foster knowledge of organizational policy because of the myths and rituals of recognized ecclesiastical authority, while decentralized (or “loosely structured”) religious institutions, whose myths and rituals focus on local autonomy, rely upon members' external motivation for awareness of organizational policy. In part, this article argues for the theoretical usefulness of the application of neoinstitutional theory to various organizational fields, such as religious organizations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.2.709

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

We examine the city-level relationship between income inequality, family disruption, and rates of violent crime among blacks by viewing communities as units of both stratification and social control The former emphasizes socioeconomic variables, such as inequality, while the latter stresses social disorganization variables such as family disruption as determinants of violent crime. We find that income stratification within black communities (black-to-black inequality) has a strong positive effect on the rates of black violence, but the effect is indirect; income inequality increases family disruption, which elevates the rates of black violence. We argue that using a racially bounded indicator of income inequality has greater theoretical parsimony than using a measure of racial inequality (white-to-black) or overall (total) inequality. The failure in previous research both to employ theoretically appropriate measures of income inequality and to consider indirect as well as direct effects of inequality may explain why the evidence of a relationship between inequality and crime has been weak in previous studies.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.2.729

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.2.753

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.2.757

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.2.763

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.2.764

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/73.2.766

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1994

数据来源: OUP