摘要:

It is argued that the work of Reckless and Dinitz concerning the socialization and self-concepts of “good” boys and “potential” delinquents offers the basis for a test and extension of the theory of differential association. This position is based on recognition that these investigators, like Sutherland, emphasized socialization processes; to explain the non-delinquent Reckless and Dinitz rely on the same mechanisms Sutherland employed to explain the delinquent.In the analysis of data obtained in Honolulu it was found that the joint effects of the measures of differential association and socialization proposed, respectively, by Short and Reckless and Dinitz, account for delinquent behavior more fully than does the separate effect of either measure. While they overlap considerably, the use of both measures accounts for delinquent behavior, defined according to official and unofficial criteria, more fully than does either measure treated singly.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574526

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The relationships between punitive sanctions directed at offenders and public sentiments about appropriate penalties are in need of investigation. Previous studies dealing with this subject are noted. This paper reports on an investigation in California in which citizens indicated the degree of punishment they felt to be appropriate for20different crimes. The most visible and coercive offenses received the most severe penalty choices and these are crimes which are severely punished in the state. However, some discrepancies between citizen preferences and penalties currently imposed were also observed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574527

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

It was hypothesized, to test an assumption implicit in the “culture of poverty” concept, that poor respondents of three separate ethnic groups (Anglo, Negro, and Spanish-speaking Americans) would not differ significantly from each other in their responses to8attitude areas related to the concept. Each ethnic group was divided on the basis of receipt or non-receipt of public assistance, providing two separate tests of the significance of ethnic determinants for each attitude area measured. It was found that in14out of16instances ethnic groups differed significantly from each other. The hypothesis was rejected. In addition, the data suggest that (1) the Spanish-speaking poor are more likely to express the values commonly assigned to the culture of poverty, and that (2) extreme economic deprivation affects their scores on these values less than it does the comparable scores of Negro- and Anglo-Americans.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574529

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper is concerned with certain ideas about bureaucracy presented by Weber and qualified and expanded upon by Blau. Based upon the information gathered in a year-long participant observation study of “The Single Men's Unit” of a public welfare department from February 1959 to February 1960, during which time he was employed as a “social caseworker,” the author has introduced the notion of “symbolic bureaucracy.” The discussion, which is centered around this concept, seriously questions whether Blau's “unofficial change” and “adjustive development” will suffice to save Weber. It seems more likely to the author that the introduction of the concept of unofficial change, if it serves to rescue Weber's “ideal type,” succeeds in doing so only at the serious risk of losing bureaucracy.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574530

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Using as subjects Italian immigrants in Australia an attempt is made to test the hypothesis:Pre-migration traits are associated with later assimilation because they affect the subject's early post-migration opportunities, motivation and reward for learning the new culture. The data indicate that a number of the pre-migration traits are related to assimilation, but the factors mentioned do not seem to be the intervening variables. An alternate hypothesis is offered to the effect that differences in “culture-learning ability” account for the associations between pre-migration traits and assimilation.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574531

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The process of developing self-image in the deaf child is examined from the perspective of symbolic interactionist theory. Deaf children with deaf parents are compared to deaf children with hearing parents. It was predicted that deaf children with deaf parents would demonstrate more positive self-images because of the presence of family communication (the manual language of signs) and the less traumatic reaction of the family to a diagnosis of deafness. Evidence from test scores, teacher-counselor ratings, and family interviews indicates that the deaf children with deaf parents made more positive self-evaluations, as predicted. It is suggested that differences in parental expectations for academic and communicative achievement, in relation to the child's ability to fulfill parental goals, is a prime influence on self-image. The child's definition and interpretation of his own situation, relative to siblings and peers, is also important.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574532

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Though the relationship between social structural and psychological change has long been a primary concern for sociologists, few studies have reported explicit associations among the component variables. This study represents an attempt to assess the effect of increasing industrialization and urbanization on personal value orientations, using data gathered from a sample of male respondents in Guatemala City. The results show (1) that “traditionalism” has declined slightly more rapidly than would be anticipated from a knowledge of recent modernization trends in Guatemala, and (2) that variations in the degree of “traditionalism” are related to age, level of education, and occupational status.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574533

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper describes a method for the content analysis of persuasive appeals, or “reasons” given in support of requests which individuals make of one another. The method was originally developed in the context of a series of studies of communication between bureaucracies and the public in Israel. It is suggested that variations in the content of a client's appeals to an official for services or favors may be projective of the client's image of the organization and of the client's theory concerning how such organizations might be manipulated. The applicability of the method to the study of official-client relations is illustrated and some potential uses of the method are suggested in the fields of politics, advertising, the socialization of children, and the comparative study of religion.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574534

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Samples of the taped speech of representatives of six American-English dialect groups (Network, Educated White Southern, Educated Negro Southern, Mississippi Peer, Howard University, New York Alumni) were played to three groups of college students (one northern white, one southern white and one southern Negro), who were asked to listen to the recorded readings and evaluate certain characteristics of the speakers, using an adjective checklist developed for this purpose. It was found that both northern white and southern Negro judges rated theNetworkspeakers most favorably, and theEducated Negro Southernspeakers next. The southern white students also evaluated theNetworkspeakers most favorably, but, in contrast, theEducated White Southernspeakers next most favorably. On the other hand, both groups of white judges rated theMississippi Peerspeakers least favorably, while the Negro judges rated theEducated White Southernspeakers least favorably. The theoretical and practical significance of the results are discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574535

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574536

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP