摘要:

Dahrendorf attempts to synthesize the Marxian concepts of class, class interests, and class conflict on the one hand and the methodology and the concepts of the modern theory of action, on the other, in his analysis of social conflict and change. In this, authority appears as the focus of social conflicts and plays a dual role in social structures, as both an integrative force and a source of conflict. In each social structure (“imperatively coordinated association”) there are two classes, rulers and ruled, whose conflicting interests are defined in terms of role-expectations. In trying to account theoretically for the occurrence—in the same social structure—of both obedience and conflict, Dahrendorf is forced to resort to a voluntaristic explanation of conflict and change. Likewise Dahrendorf cannot fulfill his promise to provide a concept of change which transcends given structures, in the Marxian sense. His explanation of change turns out to be identical with that of social mobility. The synthes is between Marx and Parsons fails.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/48.2.151

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study examines the extent to which social class segregation within Negro communities is accounted for by a distance model. This involves a comparison of the relative variation of socioeconomic status by distance from city center and by age of neighborhood within Negro communities of16American cities of varying size and regional location. While socioeconomic status does tend to vary according to distance, variation as measured by an established (old)—emerging (newer) area distinction is also significant, independent of distance. A revised model of spatial expansion of the Negro community is suggested.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/48.2.165

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Based on a modification of earlier work in status inconsistency, three hypotheses concerning sorority dissatisfaction were tested: (1) Dissatisfaction will be higher among members of low-status sororities than members of high-status sororities. (2) For high family status girls there will be a higher proportion of those in low-status sororities than high-status sororities who are dissatisfied. For low family status girls, sorority status will not be as strongly related to satisfaction. (3) The differences predicted in Hypotheses1and2will be greater when comparisons are based upon subjective sorority status rankings as opposed to objective status rankings. The data analyzed tended to confirm the three hypotheses.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/48.2.176

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Despite frequent claims of equality of status for women and men, U.S. Census data from 1940–64 suggest a gradual but persistent decline in women's occupational, economic, and educational achievements, compared to those of men. These findings suggest that women have suffered a loss in status, as measured by the variables usually used to determine social status. In the discussion of these findings the normative nature of the functional definition of sex roles is identified as a justification for discrimination against women.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/48.2.183

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

At a major hospital of the Chilean National Health Service, staff members of the Departments of Medicine and Surgery who had daily contact with in-patients were interviewed. Respondents ranged from physicians to ward maids. The analysis dichotomizes them as professionals and nonprofessionals. Members of both groups who reported that physicians were hard to approach were less satisfied with their work, in particular feeling that they were less able to exert much control over it. Professionals feeling less able to control their work reported more frequent thoughts of quitting, and of their work being unrewarding. Such associations occurred among nonprofessionals as well, but in addition they seemed more troubled by having to put up with errors that other subordinates had committed. Some of these findings are further considered in the light of whether respondents had traditionalistic or modernistic orientations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/48.2.193

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The vicissitudes of learning a “creative acting trade,” are discussed as an example of occupational socialization. Data are drawn from participant observation and interviewing in the drama program of a small, private girls\s school. In this organizational setting with the dual institutional imperatives of actress training and profit, male faculty members and student actresses developed strategies which compelled a small group of older girls to commit themselves to their hoped-for careers. The process of differential allocation of prestige created potentially divisive tensions. However, other structural and interactional phenomena facilitated integration, equalization, and fate-linkage of the actresses. The analysis explores these tensions and their management within the organization. Some comments on socialization for artistry in mass society conclude the paper.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/48.2.202

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Analysis of intensive interviews with persons entering postgraduate training programs in biochemistry, internal medicine, and two psychiatric residencies reveals considerable difference between the internal medicine cohorts and the other cohorts in levels and kinds of prior socialization. The internists show greater elaboration and scope in their imagery of the specialty, there is more consensus among the group, and they have gone further in their career projections than any of the other groups. These results are explained in terms of the differential pathways feeding recruits into these programs. Some implications for the socialization process are suggested.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/48.2.213

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Much has been written on the peaceful agrarian contentment of the farmer and the ways in which the farm as a work context gives rise to a certain work satisfaction. Much has also been written on the alienation and dissatisfaction of those involved in factory work settings and employed in bureaucratic work contexts. This paper indicates that neither occupational sector may be any more dissatisfied than the other. Rather a more fruitful explanation appears to rest in the degree of integration of the worker into either setting. Thus we find that older workers are more dissatisfied than either young or medium workers independent of whether they are farming or working off the farm. Also, it is found that although farmers are consistently more dissatisfied than those presently working off the farm, this result becomes more inconsistent after those who have worked off-farm in the past are removed. It appears that this latter group are more dissatisfied than either of the other two sets. It is also found that increases in education and income serve to reduce dissatisfaction regardless of work context.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/48.2.224

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper compares two types of estimates of net migration for the United States, one by the forward survival ratio method derived at the Population Studies Center of the University of Pennsylvania (“CRS Estimates”) and the other based on the place of residence question in the 1960 Census framed by the U.S. Bureau of Census (“Census Estimates”). Restricting the study to the white male population, and specifically to the two groups aged 20–24 and 25–29 in 1960, the author has attempted to explain the relationship between the two types of estimate in terms of several factors, namely, the impact of multiple moves, mortality among migrants, changing probability of migration with age, military migration and economic variables such as median income, percent urban and percent unemployed. As anticipated by the author, the net migration for the 20–24 cohort was closely associated with military concentration whereas for the 25–29 cohort the association of net migration with economic factors was stronger.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/48.2.233

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper is a study of federally assisted American Indian migration from the reservations to urban areas. The education of the migrants, their earnings before and after relocation, and the change in the degree of antisocial behavior after leaving the reservation are analyzed.It is found that while relocation can enhance the standard of living of those participating in federal programs, budget limitations prevent these programs from assisting enough applicants, to markedly reduce the level of surplus labor on the reservations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/48.2.243

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1969

数据来源: OUP