摘要:

A description of the effects of automation upon employment in the United States during the past 20 years is given as an illustration of the point that a growing population may be unnecessary to supply the manpower required for the further development of a modern economy. Then follows a discussion of input-output analysis, linear programming, and simulation as methods by which it might be possible to determine optimum population for economic growth under any particular set of circumstances.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574452

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A theory is presented that cultural transmission through the family is greater in same-sex than cross-sex lineages due to the greater social cohesiveness of the former. The theory is further specified as to which normative areas will show the most intergenerational continuity in all-male or all-female lineages. The theory is examined in the light of data obtained from a sample of three-generation families composed of grandparents, parents and married children. The findings offer support for several aspects of the theory.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574453

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In the urban middle class, husbands are more likely than wives to initiate primary friendships for the couple at all stages of the family cycle. Couples in their forties and fifties who have been married a longer period of time have neither more nor less primary friends than recently married individuals. The modal number of local primary friendship units is two. Frequent association with relatives is not related to pattern of visiting with friends. Similarly, frequent getting together with friends does not appear to bear any relationship to how frequently couples see relatives. Approximately half of the husbands and wives claimed not to have a single primary friend independent of their spouse. Finally, children are not found to play a constraining role nor do they enhance the prospects that their parents will interact more often with primary friends.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574454

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The data given in this paper support the hypothesis that it is possible to distinguish different subgroups along the Negro lower class continuum. Given the importance of the Negro mother in the lower class Negro family, her values and aspirations for her children are very influential for her children's future. Significant differences were found in the responses of “low status” and “high status” lower class mothers to questions concerning their aspirations for their children.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574455

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The status-frustration hypothesis is the most widely used sociological explanation of lower class social disorganization. Some reasons for the prominence of this interpretation are discussed. The theory's plausibility hinges, in large part, on the validity of certain assumptions concerning the social-psychological characteristics of lower class persons. An analysis of empirical studies indicates that these assumptions have little basis in fact. The inadequacy of empirical support for the status-frustration hypothesis is traced to the tendency of the literature to obscure the actual characteristics of the lower class. An alternate theoretical framework is presented in which economic deprivation is treated as the independent variable. It is felt that this scheme more adequately accounts for the facts of lower class social disorganization, since material deprivation is the basic problem of the lower class, not status deprivation.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574456

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Within a population of former mental patients, those who were suicidal at the time of last admission to a mental hospital were compared with those who were assaultive on a variety of social and personality variables. Some of the independent variables were the characteristics of the relatives of patients. Support was found for the hypothesis that normative orientation would differentiate suicidal and assaultive patients.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574457

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Internalized norms are most often examined in terms of their social function in self-control, whereas their contribution to social order may lie primarily in their function for the control of others. The voluntaristic aspects of the individual's behavior in any social system are regulated not only by the internalized norms of that system but by the norms and pressures of the other system which act upon him, both social and biopsychological. The standards which he sets for himself may therefore be unique. His expectations regarding another individual, however, are more likely to be governed only by the norms of the social system which relates that other to him, and when such standards are set by him they may be like those which are set by the other members. In view of these considerations, it was hypothesized that members of a social system can agree more about what another member of the system should do, than about what each should do himself. Experimental confirmation was obtained when student standards for the use of classroom time were considered.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574458

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

An instrument for measuring sociocultural change in the United States, 1940–1960, is presented. It consists of 32 indicators which assess change in various parts of the society and culture and which are shown to have four components or dimensions: (1) a rising standard of living, (2) population growth, (3) industrial-technological-urban development, (4) increasing education. Forty-eight of the states are compared with regard to rate of sociocultural change. The components of change are established through factor analysis.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574459

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A content analysis of all issues of four of the leading sociological journals for the most recent five-year period indicates a lack of agreement and research continuity with respect to the use of measurement procedures. Of the 986 different scales and indices found, fewer than one-fourth were used more than once, and only 1.6 percent were used or cited more than five times.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574460

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Analysis of the 1960 United States Census data on lifetime and recent migration confirms the general hypothesis that migration to and from the South is correlated with education. However, the correlation between migration and education varies by age, sex, and color. Gross migration, both to and from the South, is positively correlated with education and there is little difference between the educational level of in- and out-migrants. Adverse educational selectivity of net migration from the South is greatest among young people, among Negroes, and among males. Gross migration rates among the white population, both to and from the South, are greater than those among the nonwhite population at all educational levels; butnetmigration from the South is relatively greater in the nonwhite than in the white population because the gross movement of Negroes back to the South is relatively much less than that of white people. Regional differences in migration, in relation to education, reflect differences in industrialization and urbanization. Areas with large expanding metropolitan populations are attracting well-educated migrants, and rural areas of the South are continuing to lose more well-educated people than they gain.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574461

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1965

数据来源: OUP