摘要:

Several arguments are presented supporting the more extensive use of parametric statistics. These arguments are concerned with (1) the insensitivity of ordinal and other nonparametric techniques, (2) the small error that results from assigning numbers to ordinal data and then treating the categories as if they conform to an interval scale, (3) tests of statistical robustness, and (4) the power-efficiency of tests. The utility of assigning numbers or scoring systems to ordinal data and then using intervally-based statistics is supported in several ways. In addition, it is demonstrated that the linear scoring system results in a small amount of error no matter what the “true” scoring system may be. However, the assignment of any scoring system must be consistent with the monotonic function.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574595

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper attempts to place an explanation of the consequences of status inconsistency within the framework of dissonance theory. It integrates the Theory of Social Certitude, the Principle of Expectancy Congruence, and the Theory of Distributive Justice into the Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. The combined theory is evaluated in terms of its utility in explaining the empirical consequences of status inconsistency. A series of predictions are made regarding particular behavioral responses to specific inconsistency profiles.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574596

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A trend study using responses to questions repeated on American national surveys at intervals of eight or more years does not support the belief that differences in attitudes and behavior among various categories of the population have generally diminished recently. The data indicate that the differences between rural and urban people and between males and females may have diminished moderately but that South-non-South, low-education-high-education, manual-nonmanual, white-nonwhite, and Protestant-Catholic differences probably have increased.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574597

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The percent of Gross National Product allocated to Social Security programs was taken as measure of the national effort to redistribute income through government programs. A case-study of the impact of government program expenditures in the United States showed a powerful effect on changing the shape of the income stratification system in a more equitable direction. Analysis of 40 nations found that measures of the equalitarian pressure in the political system, the experience and power of the Social Security bureaucracy, and the condition and characteristics of the national population explained 86 percent of the variance in the percent of GNP allocated to Social Security expenditures. Analysis of high and low GNP nations separately supplied additional evidence supporting the claim that each predictor variable has an independent effect in setting the level of national effort to redistribute and thereby equalize the distribution of income.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574598

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The physical design profession often appears to assume that people abound who (1) desire to trade single family dwellings for multiple dwellings, (2) dislike large amounts of private open space, (3) prefer central locations in cities, and (4) all else equal, prefer mass transportation to the automobile.A 1965 survey of residents of metropolitan areas in the United States by Michigan's Survey Research Center shows that (1) there is little or no support for these assumptions taken as a package, (2) small sectors of the population exist who fit one or more of the assumptions, and (3) these people are most clearly identified by their stage in the life cycle and life style, but not other variables commonly thought relevant.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574599

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

1. As every editor knows, the “obvious” error often goes undetected. At the top of the first page of the lead article in our June 1967 issue the volume number was incorrectly stated. “Volume 46, Number 4” should, of course, have read: “Volume 45, Number 4.”2. In the article by Wallace Dynes, “Education and Tolerance,” in our September 1967 issue, some of the inequality signs in the tabulations at the bottom of pages 28 and 29 are the reverse of what they should be. They were scrambled during the process of correction after proof-reading, and the errors escaped our attention. However, we are glad to say that the reader of the article can easily discover by inspection which of the signs should be>and which should be<.The Editors

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574600

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The relation of intergroup contact to civil rights activities is examined among both whites and Negroes. The major hypotheses are (1) that equalitarian contact is associated with greater activism, but more particularly for whites than for Negroes, and (2) that contact leads to an interpenetration of perspectives. The data modestly support both hypotheses. Alternatives to the contact hypothesis are explored; namely, that activism is related to the individual's (1) sense of powerlessness, (2) degree of status concern, and (3) liberalism-conservatism. The data indicate that a generalized liberal ideology is least relevant for explaining civil rights activism; and that the basis for activism among Negroes remains problematic.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574601

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The existing pattern of race relations in South Africa, characterized by authoritarian repression of nonwhites, provides an unstable social climate. This paper examines currently discussed alternatives and finds them wanting in terms of their practicality. A realistic appraisal of the global situation of South African society suggests that the equitable partition of South Africa into two viable autonomous states may be the optimal solution.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574602

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Evidence from three small Mexican cities suggests that the inverse-concentric circle model ordinarily postulated for Latin-American and other preindustrial or transitional cities should be modified to take account of asymmetry of pattern and of the importance of arterials. It is suggested that the major determinant of ecological patterns in such cities is accessibility. Comparison of data with that from Mexico City and Oaxaca tentatively confirms the generality of the needed modifications in the model.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574603

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper discusses tests on three sets of hypotheses dealing with the relationship between selected aspects of the social integration of businessmen and community size. This testing shows that smaller community size is associated with: (1) involvement in the network of voluntary associations in the community-at-large, (2) interest in the opinions of members of these associations and of the community-at-large, (3) feelings of alienation, which are determined in part by the businessmen's inability to adjust themselves to their economic environment. Interpretation of these relationships suggests that, at least concerning the alienation of businessmen, the positive relationship between anomie and size, which Durkheim and others have discussed is now reversed. The hypothesis is offered that this reversal is now extended to the rest of the community.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574604

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP