摘要:

Occupational groups in a large-scale research organization are analyzed with regard to their membership and participation in community and professional associations. Community participation is measured in three empirically distinct ways: (1) percentage of each occupation in one or more associations, (2) percentage in three or more associations, and (3) percentage with high participation scale scores. Participation in professional associations was measured by scale scores following Chapin's method. In addition, occupational groups are analyzed in terms of their membership in four types of community associations—church, fraternal, neighborhood, and sport. Among community associations, some support is found for the hypothesis that individuals who join one type of association are likely to join other types. However, the relation between participation in community and professional associations is low. The study clearly supports the general importance of occupations in the explanation of membership and participation in voluntary associations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.4.483

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A recent study hypothesizes that manual workers have limited career mobility expectations and thus evaluate their own positions in reference to the positions of fathers, brothers, and/or peers. The present paper presents a test of this hypothesis. It is found that middle-class persons do not use these social references. It is possible that manual workers with limited expectations do use their brothers as a reference point whereas those with high expectations do not. However, although workers' positions relative to their fathers' positions are associated with evaluation, this is true regardless of mobility expectations. Positions of workers in relation to their peers is not associated with evaluation regardless of mobility expectations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.4.492

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper investigates husband-wife social participation by occupational status in Greensboro, North Carolina. The major conclusions include the following: (1) In the sample as a whole, churchgoing and kin-visiting are the dominant activities, with family and commercial recreation also widespread and frequent. (2) Upper-middle-class professional and managerial couples most closely approximate the popular notion of “togetherness,” as evidenced by their frequent participation in commercial recreation, churchgoing, and family entertaining and recreation. (3) Working-class couples' major social involvement is in kin-visiting. (4) The ideas of both a status continuum and the white-collar-blue-collar dichotomy are useful in interpreting the data, although the highest and lowest white-collar categories are difficult to account for by either of these conceptions.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.4.501

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The nature of the relationship between distance traveled to work and socioeconomic status of the worker is briefly reviewed. Empirical data for Pittsburgh suggest a positive status/distance correspondence for white males. It is hypothesized that each occupation group will tend to minimize its work-trip distance within the structure of its particular areal distribution of home and work. Minimum home-work separation, determined for each occupation by the transportation model of linear programming, varies meaningfully by occupation with actual work-trips in Pittsburgh. Professionals and craftsmen-foremen have greater work-trip mobility than predicted by the transportation model and clerical and service workers less mobility.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.4.508

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A Public Dependency scale was administered to two samples of adolescents and two samples of adults for the purpose of determining empirically whether the younger generations possessed higher economic dependency orientations than the older generations and to establish a tentative base line for American nineteenth century economic dependency orientations. With one exception the adolescents manifested significantly higher orientations. The attempt to establish a nineteenth century economic dependency orientation base line appeared to be unsuccessful.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.4.516

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A theory on the interrelations among four forms of racial differentiation is formulated and tested, using data from the 1960 United States Census for a random sample of 33 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. The findings generally support the theory with respect to interrelations among educational, occupational and income differentiation. The relation of residential differentiation to the other three forms of Negro-white differentiation is not close, which indicates that residential differentiation may not be as “basic” to other forms of racial differentiation as is commonly believed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.4.521

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper discusses the possibility implicit in psychoanalytic theory that on an instinctual basis, destructive impulses may be irreducible in man's nature. Attempting to still and deny them, therefore, will only aggravate their ill effects. Once this is clearly recognized, they can be acknowledged instead and ways can be found to express them symbolically in socially useful institutions.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.4.533

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study examines the hypothesis that drinking in social situations governed by abstinence norms is often an expression of aggression against normative authority. It is shown that adolescents, to the extent that they reject abstinent fathers, are more likely to drink and to legitimate drinking behavior. Adolescent drinkers whose best friends donotdrink are more likely to drink more often, to greater excess, and for psychological benefits rather than social reasons—as their affect toward father decreases; and these relationships are much stronger when they disobey parents frequently “in order to get even with them.” The results support Bales' hypothesis that abstinence-oriented drinking is antinormative, rebellious behavior and suggest that the high rates of problem-drinking in abstinent subcultures may be due to this socially aggressive aspect of drinking behavior.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.4.542

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Relations between change in religious affiliation and family stability are examined using a sample of wives in highly stable marriages. Hypotheses regarding the stabilizing effect of common religious affiliation are largely supported. As predicted, change to a common religious affiliation is most frequently toward the affiliation of the spouse having the greater amount of education. These findings indicate the reciprocal nature of influence between religious and secular variables—an obvious point sometimes forgotten by scholars. Initial religious difference between spouses is considerably greater than is indicated in the literature. The usefulness of studying interdenominational as well as interfaith marriages is demonstrated.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.4.551

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Students of delinquency, preoccupied with subcultural and value conflict theories, have recently produced fewer ecological studies. However, for the much-needed task of assessing the cross-cultural applicability of contemporary delinquency theories, ecological studies need to be conducted in other cultures to indicate where delinquency occurs and among whom. Ecological data are presented on juvenile offenders and their offenses from Cordoba, Argentina. These are discussed against a background of United States studies and implications are drawn concerning delinquency theory. In general, the ecology of delinquency in this Latin-American urban setting shows characteristics precluding the uncritical application of current delinquency theories.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.4.556

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1967

数据来源: OUP