摘要:

This paper proposes a paradigm for the sociology of time. After exploring some defining characteristics of social time, it presents a preliminary typology of social times corresponding to different levels of social structure. The linkages among levels of social structure and the temporal variables of embeddedness, synchronicity, and stratification raise important questions about the ways in which the forms of social time may be related. From the typology concrete propositions are extracted which address these questions as well as the question of how these relationships may affect organizations and individuals. Finally, the paper suggests possible ways to ground parts of the theoretical presentation in operationalized hypotheses ready for empirical testing.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/60.2.432

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper discusses the relationship between wealth and power, and examines the limits of this relationship through an analysis of sex differences in the distribution of wealth and power. The general hypothesis is that stratification by sex crosscuts property stratification, so providing a counterexample to the general relationship. In particular, there will be fewer women than men in the property elite; their sources of wealth will differ from men's; and, compared to men, they will have less control over their wealth. Support for these hypotheses is found using various methods, including estate multiplier techniques and case studies of members of the property elite.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/60.2.463

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This research examines the relationship of managerial power, in terms of the stockholdings of both the chief executive officer and other directors, to the length of managerial tenure among 218 large industrial corporations. Analysis of covariance is employed to assess the effects of different control configurations on the length of tenure, controlling for the simultaneous effects of corporate size and performance. On the basis of this analysis, it is evident that significant stock ownership by the chief executive officer is associated with longer tenure; but significant stock ownership by other directors is not associated with shorter tenure. Also, there are no consistent relationships between the control configuration variables and either the age of the chief executive officer or his years of service with the corporation. Finally, the relationship between managerial power and tenure obtains even when the chief executive officer controls only a relatively small block of stock.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/60.2.482

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Though accepted widely enough for nomination as sociology'sone law,there has never been an adequate empirical test of Durkheim's proposition that Catholics have lower suicide rates than Protestants. As a result, the empirical foundation for one important application of Durkheim's assertion that egoism and suicide vary proportionately remains uncertain. We use cross-national, longitudinal data from twelve nations to test Durkheim's proposition. Our comparisions (1) use national female, and male suicide rates; (2) are made both with and without control for nation's level of development; and (3) are for four different time periods between 1919 and 1972. Results largely refute Durkheim's proposition. However, application of Durkheim's entire theory of integration (egoism and altruism) rather than just his theory of egoism shows that the data may nonetheless be consistent with his theory of variation in suicide rates.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/60.2.495

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Identical surveys of Williams College men in 1948, 1967, 1974, and 1979 asked about religious beliefs and behavior. The trend from 1948 to 1967 was one of liberalization and disengagement from church life; from 1967 to 1974 there was little change; from 1974 to 1979 there was a slight shift toward conservative beliefs and greater church participation. Apparently a lowpoint in traditional religiosity occurred on many campuses in about 1972–75. The percentage of students reporting that they had once reacted against the beliefs taught them increased from 1948 to 1974 but not thereafter; the median age of the reaction fell two years from 1948 to 1974, but it did not change to 1979. The hypothesis that church rejection by some students is a part of a general rejection of institutions found little support.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/60.2.517

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The hypothesis that Protestant fertility patterns result from differences in social characteristics among denominations is set against the hypothesis that doctrinal differences lead members of conservative denominations to have both higher wanted and unwanted fertility. Data for white couples from the 1965 National Fertility Survey support the doctrine hypothesis for wanted fertility among conservative Protestants low in formal participation. It is suggested that couples who follow conservative doctrine and have larger families participate less frequently because of conflicting demands associated with larger families. Further analysis with a measure of participation less sensitive to differences in family size produces results consistent with this argument.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/60.2.532

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A new mobility ratio has been proposed as a way of dealing with the confounding between main and interaction terms which is inherent in the old mobility ratio. It is shown that the new ratio does not in fact succeed in this aim, that values of the ratio are highly dependent on the model fitted to account for interaction, and that criticisms of Blau and Duncan's conclusions about the mobility of American society, which derive from application of the new ratio, cannot be sustained. The old mobility ratio, unlike the new, always has a determinate value, and its alleged defects are formally equivalent to properties which are not usually regarded as defects in a multivariate analysis of discriminance.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/60.2.544

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The note explores the implications of alternative formulations of the Hauser structural model of the mobility table.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/60.2.557

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Macdonald's criticism of structural models of mobility is empty because it denies ideas or theories a place in model construction. Specifically, the equivalent models proposed by Macdonald do not meet the criterion of minimal asymmetry that was applied in the selection of models for British and American mobility tables. Under certain conditions, equivalent models meet the symmetry criterion, but these conditions do not apply to the examples discussed by Macdonald. Also, he exaggerates the usefulness of odds-ratios in formulating models for non-ordered data, and he proposes an empirical revision of the Featherman—Hauser model of mobility to first occupations that is less appealing than the original model. Hope's criticism of the new mobility ratio rests on an illogical comparison between the Featherman—Hauser model and various saturated models of the mobility table. Also, his commentary makes erroneous statements about the relationship between the Featherman—Hauser model and their criticisms of Blau and Duncan and about the relationship between that model and Goodman's quasi-independence models.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/60.2.572

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/60.2.585

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1981

数据来源: OUP