ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/56.3.761

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In spite of the massive literature on the distribution of power at the national level, little attention has been devoted to the public's perception of the shape of the power structure. This study utilizes a 1974 national survey to test the Form—Rytina hypothesis that the level of support for the perceived distribution of power is related to the magnitude of the rewards obtained from the stratification system. The findings do not uphold the research hypothesis but are quite compatible with a prediction derived from balance theory: in a democracy, perceived group influence is inversely related to the rater's affect towards the group stimulus. The analysis also reveals that both group membership and affective orientation towards the group make independent contributions to the perception of group influence. Emphasis on the primacy of social class as the pivotal determinant exaggerates the importance of instrumental rewards and ignores other important lines of cleavage.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/56.3.770

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

We present linear and curvilinear path models describing the organizational status attainment process of respondents from a national survey of over 3,000 Catholic priests and bishops from eighty-five dioceses. The analysis reveals that the effects of origins on a clergyman's current status in the church are weak; other variables describing the career process itself are far more influential. Priests who attended elite seminaries, received advanced degrees, and held important assignments during their past careers, now enjoy higher-status positions in the dioceses. But the strongest predictor of current status is seniority. For a few elite promotions a “crown prince” selection process operates parallel to the dominant pattern of advancement by seniority. We discuss implications of the findings in terms of an open versus closed stratification system.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/56.3.794

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Despite the differences in the mean levels of occupational attainments of men and women over the life cycle, men and employed women attain the same mean level of occupational attainment at mid-life and do so through quite similar processes. Although human capital theory is helpful in understanding differences in mean levels of occupational attainment over the life cycle for men and women, it cannot explain why women's occupational attainments are minimally affected (if at all) by labor force interruptions. To account for the above findings, we develop explanations concerning the effects of labor market structure on occupational achievement, derived from the literature on occupational segregation by sex and dual labor market theory. For this explanation to be useful, two propositions derived from it must be true: (1) female occupations are easier to reenter after labor force interruptions; and (2) female occupations tend not to be stepping stones upward in the occupational structure, at least for women. Using log-linear analysis, we test these propositions utilizing 1970 Census data.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/56.3.823

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Women who become mothers at an early age tend to accumulate fewer years of schooling than those who delay entry into motherhood. In this paper, the impact of age at first birth on the process of educational attainment of young women is examined using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women for the period 1968 to 1972. The results of this analysis indicate that (1) the younger the age at first birth, the fewer years of schooling completed, other things equal; (2) the effect of most determinants of educational attainment depends on age at first birth; and (3) the educational decrement caused by an early birth is about half as large for young black women as for their white counterparts.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/56.3.845

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper demonstrates that the stability of family income inequality in the postwar period derives from countervailing forces for greater and lesser inequality. Declining inequality among single-headed families and unrelated individuals has been offset by an increase in the percent of total inequality attributable to income differences between family types. Population shifts between family types also have influenced the distribution of income.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/56.3.866

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The degree of change in the hierarchy of occupations over long periods is the focus of this paper. Our concern is with the mechanism by which the hierarchy changes. Taxable wealth of incumbents of detailed occupations from 1789 Philadelphia is related to income data from the last three dicennial censuses. Several models of how change might occur are evaluated. We conclude that (1) change in occupational reward differentials is slower than previous estimates, and (2) the first-order causal mechanism by which change in the hierarchy has been presumed to take place is implausible. We also note within-occupation variability in assets of approximately the same magnitude in the two periods.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/56.3.881

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Occupational prestige is typcially assessed by asking respondents to evaluate occupations along an arbitrary ordered dimension. Here a sample of 463 urban Israelis were asked merely to sort occupations according to their similarity. Respondents were left free to make as many occupational clusters as they wanted and to use whatever criteria of similarity they chose. By multi-dimensional scaling of similarity matrices constructed from these data, we show that the cognitive space into which urban Israelis organize occupations is dominated by a single dimension which proves consistent across meaningful subgroups of the population. This dimension is also highly correlated with an experimentally independent measure of occupational prestige, thus establishing that occupational prestige is rooted, not only in sociological imagination, but in the collective conscience as well.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/56.3.900

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

We propose a multiplicative (log-linear) model for mobility tables (or other cross-classifications) which is helpful in locating cells where counts are especially dense or sparse. This specification eliminates the confounding of main effects and interaction effects, which has plagued many other methods of measuring and interpreting association in mobility tables, especially those methods based on the model of simple statistical independence. The model yields a parsimonious set of parameters which describe the table, and goodness of fit can be assessed with standard inferential procedures. For each cell of the table the model yields a useful measure of association, which we call the new mobility ratio. We illustrate the model by reanalyzing the classic British mobility table of 1949, and we use that example to compare our measure of association with other mobility measures.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/56.3.919

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/56.3.954

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1978

数据来源: OUP