ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.166

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

For forming a scale through factor analysis and evaluating it with Heise and Bohrnstedt's validity index rho, the factor analysis should include the indicators of only one construct. If these variables are optimally weighted through least-squares regression, rho is the multiple correlation of the factor with the measured variables. An often tenuous assumption underlies the use of rho to correct a scale's correlations for invalidity and error. Although useful, rho is not a substitute for external validation. Maximizing rho is a better criterion for selecting weights of variables than is maximizing Heise and Bohrn-stedt's reliability index.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.168

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A metaphor of classical social theory concerning the “intersection” of persons within groups and of groups within the individual is translated into a set of techniques to aid in empirical analysis of the interpenetration of networks of interpersonal ties and networks of intergroup ties. These techniques are useful in the study of director interlocks, clique structures, organizations within community and national power structures, and other collectivities which share members. The “membership network analysis” suggested in this paper is compared to and contrasted with sociometric approaches and is applied to the study by Davis et al. (1941) of the social participation of eighteen women.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.181

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Departures from statistical independence are conjoined with an assessment of predictive accuracy in a coefficient of association for nominal-level 2 × 2 contingency tables which is both interpretable as aPREmeasure and consistent with research hypotheses of manifold forms. Measurement assumptions and operating characteristics of the measure are delineated; definitional and computational formulae are derived from classical probability theory; comparisons with other relevant statistics are made; and the test of significance is shown to be the traditional chi-square test.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.190

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Proposals for multivariate analysis with ordinal variables based on analogies with product-moment formulae are criticized on the grounds that such analogies do not provide a basis for interpreting the resulting statistics in terms of evidence bearing on an hypothesis concerning the presence or absence of some specified relation in the data. Thus, it is concluded that the long-standing problem of multivariate analysis with ordinal data still awaits a satisfactory solution. It is suggested further that the fundamental difficulty obstructing work on the problem is the lack of clear, precise formulation of what constitutes a multivariate ordinal relation.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.196

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Aspects of Wilson's (1974a) critique of the interpretations and use of ordinal statistics applied to the regression and path analysis of ordinal variables are clarified and answered. First, the logic of Smith's (1972) technique for the path analysis of ordinals is explicated and various interpretations for the path coefficient based on Kendall's tau-b are presented. Second, as an aid to interpretation, the family of tau-b class ordinal statistics are reconceptualized as special cases of generalized product-moment statistics, rather than as analogs of interval statistics. Third, the virtues of this approach motivate the development of: (1) a generalized regression coefficient in terms of the concepts of generalized pairwise difference, generalized variation, and generalized covariation; (2) a generalized path coefficient in terms of concepts such as the generalized correlation coefficient, the generalized regression coefficient, and the generalized variation; and (3) a generalized residual path coefficient in terms of the generalized correlation coefficient.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.200

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Partial rank correlation coefficients are defined as special cases of a generalized product-moment system. The case of two independent variables is examined in detail, and the coefficient is partitioned into components summarizing information lying between and within conditional distributions. Probability interpretations are given for two basic components. Recent developments identifying the structural assumptions needed for a full probability interpretation and bases for a general theory are briefly summarized. The basic components that do not require structural assumptions but cannot be calculated from bivariate data are suggested as alternative measures of partial rank correlation. One of them is closely related to Kendall's partial tau, another to Davis's partial gamma. The manner in which these methods summarize a triple dichotomy is illustrated. The logic of statistically “partialling out” ordinal covariation is discussed and quantified.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.229

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.247

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.251

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The sociological and psychological literature almost uniformly suggests that young boys experience more stress than young girls, in part because of social expectations and in part because of different rates of biological development and other physiological factors. But it also suggests that with advancing age the sex difference in experienced stress tends to disappear and by late adolescence the situation of girls appears to be at least as stressful if not more so than that of boys. On the premise that the differences in experienced stress would be reflected in rates of treated mental illness, the national rates of males and females in psychiatric treatment between ages five and nineteen are compared. The data consistently show preadolescent males to have higher rates of mental illness, while by late adolescence females appear to have as high if not higher rates of mental illness than males.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/53.2.256

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP