摘要:

The theory of interpersonal influence in the diffusion of innovation can be extended to deal with intercity influence when the adopting unit is a municipal government rather than an individual. The hypothesis received confirmation when tested using data on the adoption of fluoridation in the United States. Large cities, and cities with large white-collar populations were found to be most influential. The diffusion pattern over a ten-year period was examined and found to differ considerably from what might be anticipated; it is speculated that the diffusion of fluoridation went through four phases, with inter-peer influence playing a slightly different role in each phase.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/44.4.467

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Four variables, education, income, age, and number of children are simultaneously related to attitude toward fluoridation. The relationship of education to attitude toward fluoridation is largely explained by the other three variables. Income, age, and number of children, however, each bear some independent relationship to fluoridation attitude. These three variables are used to construct an index of predisposition to fluoridation and it is hypothesized that knowledge of fluoridation represents an intervening variable between this index and attitude toward fluoridation. The index and knowledge of fluoridation, however, have independent relationships to fluoridation attitude. Consequently, knowledge of fluoridation is incorporated into the index. Finally, this index is shown to account for a considerable amount of the variation in attitude toward fluoridation.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/44.4.477

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Topologies of complex organizations have frequently been based on characteristics of their authority structures. By expanding the sociological concepts of functional specificity and functional differences a typology based on definitions of four types of organizational authority is developed. Some suggestions concerning conditions under which one or another type seems likely to occur are discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/44.4.484

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Focusing on values and perceptions of opportunity, an attempt is made to get at the attitudinal sources of class differences in the behavior of male young persons with respect to dominant societal success goals. Systematic class differences are found between middle- and working-class male high school juniors in three areas: evaluation of dominant success goals, evaluation of activities potentially instrumental for the realization of success goals, and beliefs regarding access to those goals. In showing class differences in perceptions of opportunity and greater flexibility in the value orientations of working- than middle-class students, the data support Rodman's “Value stretch” hypothesis.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/44.4.492

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

An analysis of social mobility of Mexican-Americans in Southern California indicated that the second generation is the most upwardly mobile and measures highest on several indices of socioeconomic status and acculturation compared with immigrants and descendants of Spanish colonial settlers. Upward mobile Mexican-Americans do not shed their ethnic identification significantly, and Catholicism rather than Protestantism is found to be most associated with upward mobility. It is the shedding of lower-class culture rather than ethnicity which is most related with upward mobility.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/44.4.498

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The complex of behavioral expectations linked with the position of “college man” is seen to have components which conflict with behavioral expectations associated with the position of “hasher” in a sorority. Participant observation in a subject sorority and interviews with hashers, members, and staffs of seven other campus-affiliated sororities reveal that the individual who must enact both roles is aided in the amelioration of the conflict by a defense pattern which is institutionalized in the hasher informal organization. If the individual is to become a member of that informal organization he must learn and enact these defenses along with the job requirements. Thus, in this case of perpetuated role conflict, defense mechanisms, though they are implemented by individuals, are socially defined and provided by and within the conflict engendering social situation itself.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/44.4.505

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Will the investigator's racial characteristics affect responses to a Negro attitude scale when a group administered, anonymous, self-enumerative procedure is employed? Since the questionnaires were group administered, two investigators were used for each group. In a portion of the groups both investigators were white. In the remainder of the groups there was a Negro and a white investigator. The results indicate that socially acceptable answers to the Negro attitude scale are reported with greater frequency when one of the investigators is a Negro. However, this phenomena is more pronounced among certain strata of respondents than among others suggesting that we might profitably view such effects as the result of interaction between investigator and respondent characteristics.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/44.4.515

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

One means of understanding the relationship between science and religion in contemporary society is to study those persons who are most fully exposed to both systems—scientists themselves. An assessment of the religious practices and beliefs of a representative sample of American natural scientists indicates that they are neo-orthodox in their religious orientation. This pattern is underscored by a rather dramatic shift from the religious affiliations of their parents. Moreover, there is considerable variation in the religious orientation among scientists. Scientists in applied fields and those working outside of major universities are, in contrast to other scientists, somewhat more orthodox in their religious beliefs and practices.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/44.4.519

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper suggests that the emphasis on personality has been responsible for the impasse in national character research. It is suggested that this emphasis rests only on research tradition and that national character need not be viewed exclusively in personality terms. A conception of modal attitude clusters is presented as a fully adequate supplement which overcomes many of the weaknesses which result from the personality perspective.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/44.4.526

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Analysis of data on illegitimacy in England and Wales for the 25 years ending in 1962 reveal: (1) a tripling of the rate with a new high in excess of the postwar high, (2) greatest increases in the rates arenotfound in the very youngest groups, (3) some parallel with the rise in U.S. illegitimacy rates, and (4) a more moderate rise in premaritally conceived legitimate maternities. An examination is made of various personal, social structural and cultural factors which may be contributing to the rise in illegitimate births.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/44.4.533

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP