摘要:

Social conflict is revealed as both natural and functional in human society. Conflict is called “realistic” when rationally determined means are used to achieve culturally approved ends. In the field of Negro struggle, legal redress, political pressure and mass action meet these defining criteria of realistic conflict.This study examines some of the social functions of conflict as here defined. It is asked: does realistic conflict by Negroes have any system-maintaining and system-enhancing consequences for the larger American society? The analysis revealed that realistic racial conflict (1) alters the social structure, (2) extends social communication, (3) enhances social solidarity, and (4) facilitates personal identity.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.1.1

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that equal-status residential contact between Negroes and whites in a predominantly white middle- to upper-middle-class neighborhood would lead to a reduction of prejudice. The results suggest that equal-status contact in one area (in this case residential) does lead to a reduction of prejudice in that area (Negroes were more accepted as neighbors), but this change does not necessarily generalize to other areas of interpersonal contact. However, when residential contact leads to more intimate types of interactions, a more extensive reduction in prejudice may follow.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.1.11

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

There has been considerable speculation regarding the significance of the component competition in the race attitudes of Negroes and whites. However, empirical research in the field has neglected exploration of the significance of this factor. In the present report, attitudinal responses of 100 male Negro physicians, dentists, lawyers and public school teachers toward open competition reveal ambivalence about the matter. While they tend to accept the idea of open competition, they are considerably less than enthusiastic.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.1.20

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study examines the motivations and environmental influences of 3,112 Deep South Negro students who, despite severe obstacles, were attending predominantly Negro colleges in that area. The students range from asevere povertylevel to acomfortable incomelevel. Our data indicate that regardless of the intactness of the home, the lower the family income the greater is the influence of nonfamily figures, especially the high school teacher, in the decision to go to college. While thesevere povertyand thecomfortablegroups differ in income, family structure, etc., they are strikingly similar in their motivations and in the values they attach to educational goals. They do differ, however, in their expectancies of reaching their goals. The data suggest that factors such as family structure and early socialization, which are usually considered crucial, are not necessarily so.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.1.27

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper is a comparative analysis of differences between 351 Negro and 272 white adolescents in their uses of the mass media as an agency of socialization. Through the use of indexes to measure two socialization behaviors—media reinforcement and media norm-acquiring—it was possible to empirically differentiate between media socializees and non-media-socializees. The data indicate that, under almost every condition considered in the analysis, more Negro than white adolescents were media socializees. The interpretation of the data suggests that many Negro adolescents are using the mass media to learn how to behave like whites (i.e., behave in a socially acceptable way). An attempt is made to explain the findings by the consideration of a Negro subcommunity which is a partially bounded subsystem within the larger community system and which is the result of three types of mechanisms of maintenance: (1) ecological and social segregation of Negro-white interactions; (2) self-conceptions of Negro children; and (3) subcultural differences between white and Negro communities.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.1.40

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A group of 48 Protestant clergymen from seven denominations attending an urban training program in a northern metropolis were given an opportunity to participate in a civil rights demonstration. Most of them did participate and 25 chose to be arrested. Arrestees tended to be younger, occupied positions that were not directly responsible to all-white congregations, came from denominations that had taken a strong stand in favor of integration, and tended to have roommates who also chose arrest. Several theoretical perspectives for interpreting the results are explored.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.1.51

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Sociological literature for 30 years has shown an overrepresentation of Negroes in the known addict population. This study of addict admissions to the U.S.P.H. Service hospitals at Lexington and Fort Worth shows that there was a dramatic increase in Negro admissions in 1950. Although Negro narcotic addiction is almost entirely confined to northern metropolitan areas, what Negro addiction exists in the South is almost entirely from a few big cities. White addicts from the southern states, on the other hand, are chiefly from rural areas. Negro addicts from the South are younger than white addicts, but northern white and Negro addicts are the same age.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.1.61

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

From 1935 through 1964, more than 800 Chinese male narcotic addicts were admitted to the Lexington hospital. Of this group, 137 recent male admissions were selected for study.It was found that these Chinese addicts exemplified the sojourner way of life; but they were unsuccessful sojourners. Migrants to America in search of wealth, they were alienated from the dominant American culture. They lived in metropolitan Chinatowns, worked in laundries or restaurants, and were separated from their families. At the time of their current hospitalization for opiate addiction, these patients were an older group—3 years—with a long history of drug use.Evidence of the high incidence of opiate addiction among the Chinese-Americans during the first half of this century is considered. And the reasons why addiction within this minority group has virtually ceased by the 1960's are discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.1.68

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The diversity of status-set and role-set relationships of the stockbroker generates various fiduciary and other role-relationship problems. A socio-legal analysis is presented of three mechanisms for resolving the status-set and role-set conflicts of the stockbroker: segregation of statuses, the proliferation of regulatory and self-regulatory structures, and the professionalization of the stockbroker. The analysis suggests some implications for role theory, for the study of interorganizational relations, and for problems of social control through law.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.1.73

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Durkheim's approach to the sociocultural aspects of religion enables one to postulate that for industrial society, nationalism is a religion that fosters solidarity. Industrial nationalism differs from the nationalism of peasant society in being able to foster societal integration without undermining instrumental effectiveness. This is so partly because industrial nationalism is politico-economic, while peasant nationalism is religio-ethnic. Only industrial society has effective mechanisms for increasing diversity and uniformity simultaneously—and for differentiating between nonfunctional diversity and eufunctional/dysfunctional diversity. These conditions are fostered by the fact that industrial nationalism treats observable phenomena (rather than some metaphysical referent) as ultimate reality—and treats maximum empirical success as a fundamental end in itself. However, this confounding of pragmatic considerations with ethical ones makes industrial society's solidarity particularly vulnerable.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/45.1.84

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1966

数据来源: OUP