摘要:

Social scientists have warned about the deadening effects of increasing mechanization and job routinization on the lives of industrial workers. Three areas of work satisfaction were studied for four operations which varied in amount of worker control. Respondents were auto workers in four countries which varied in extent of industrialization. Most workers believe that their work integrates their lives, they prefer to work in the industrial sector, and they report that their jobs are satisfying. Nowhere did assemblyline workers dwell upon monotony. Small and inconsistent differences were found in the three areas of satisfaction according to the degree of worker control over the job and degree of plant mechanization. From Marx to Marcuse, ideas about the deadening impact of mechanized and routinized work need serious reconsideration.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.1.1

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The labor force is conceived as a queue in which workers are arrayed according to their employability, i.e., desirability to employers. Those at the head of the queue are the most desirable employees; first hired and last fired. Those at its tail are last hired and first fired. From this simple model the following propositions are developed about group differences in employment: (1) the greater the difference between the two groups on the underlying (objective) determinants of employability, the greater the unemployment differential between them; (2) the less the variability of the disadvantaged group on the characteristics determining employability, the less the employment differential among them; (3) the more depressed the economy, the greater the unemployment differential between advantaged and disadvantaged; and (4) the larger the relative size of the disadvantaged group, the less the unemployment differential. The article integrates these familiar propositions into a single, coherent theory. The propositions are confirmed by an illustrative cross-sectional analysis for 1960 of white-nonwhite unemployment differentials in Standard Metropolitan Areas.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.1.16

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The servant role, it is argued, is obsolete in modern society. Even when formally based on contract, it is in essence rooted in ascribed status, particularistic standards, and diffuse obligations. The master's family “greedily” attempts to absorb the total personality of the servant, and ties him to the household in a totalistic manner. Such premodern relationships between superior and inferior can exist only as long as religious legitimations for it are accepted by the servant, and no alternative employment opportunities are available. When this is no longer the case, the role becomes obsolescent and only persons suffering from marked inferiorities and peculiar stigmas can be induced to enter it.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.1.31

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article examines several assumptions about the relationships between (1) official delinquency, (2) socioeconomic status, and (3) the group context of delinquent acts (based on data independent of official records). From self-reported data, group violation rates and distributions of group violations are examined for different offenses among socioeconomic status categories. The extent to which group violation rates, the frequency of self-reported lone and group offenses, and official referrals (arrests) can be predicted from socioeconomic status is also explored.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.1.41

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The natural histories and membership characteristics of two protest organizations, both conducting anti-pornography crusades, were assembled from nonparticipant observation, document research, and structured interviews with active members and other knowledgeable individuals. p]The protest organizations were found to be structurally integrated with other community organizations, particularly voluntary associations. The extent and kind of interorganizational alignments were associated with recruitment patterns, specificity of goals and strategies, member characteristics, orientations and perceptions, and with the success and duration of the two organizations. The results are interpreted with regard to “multi-organizational fields,” affiliation career patterns, and the environments and life-cycles of protest organizations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.1.53

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Two theories which provide alternative predictions of alienation as a consequence of intergenerational occupational mobility are hypothesized to apply to different directions of mobility. A theory ofdissociationis expected to account more adequately for levels of alienation among the downwardly mobile and a theory ofacculturationfor alienation among the upwardly mobile in an achievement-oriented society. The findings support the interpretation that acculturation processes generally account for the degree of alienation of both the upwardly and downwardly mobile. But enough exceptions to this pattern occur to suggest the need for reformulating the theory of dissociation, rather than rejecting it.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.1.62

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Building on the work of Robert Park, Eshref Shevky, Scott Greer and studies of contextual effects, this article inquires into the impact of residence in neighborhoods of varying social rank on peoples' satisfaction with their communities. An aggregate-survey data file on four cities is used to test three hypotheses. Earlier studies have reported little interactive relationship between individual and contextual characteristics on community evaluations. The findings reported here suggest that self-selection factors are at work producing the spurious appearance of a zero relationship. However, even with the effects of neighborhood change controlled, no support is found for the hypothesis that individuals who inhabit neighborhoods of comparable social rank would be more satisfied with their community than those in dissimilar neighborhoods. In addition, the evidence fails to demonstrate an interactive relationship between individual and city social rank characteristics on community feelings. Finally, limited support is found for a predicition that community feelings would be a multiplicative function of relative economic stake and frequency of neighborhood contacts.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.1.74

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A major shortcoming in the measurement of social class is neglect of the characteristics of women, particularly working wives, in the allocation of class position to individuals and families. The increasing proportion of women who work makes this an important factor. Data from several samples show that in a substantial number of marital pairs the occupational and educational level of the wives exceeds that of the husbands, so that about a third of these families are misclassified, using the Hollingshead (1957)Two Factor Index of Social Positionfor class measurement. The increased life chances accruing when both marriage partners work argue for allocating families to the social class level of the higher of the marriage partners. Because of the differential status of white-collar and blue-collar work in our society, and the segregative distribution of women in certain occupations, the most common effect of such action would be to raise the class level of some families where the husband is a blue-collar worker. The possible consequences of this reclassification are described using a study of adolescent drug use as an example.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.1.86

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article systematically examines the commonly observed relationship between the perceived likelihood of an actor/act combination and the moral evaluation of the act. It is hypothesized that a “good” person behaving immorally will be more negatively evaluated than a similarly behaving “bad” person, and that a bad person behaving morally will be more positively evaluated than a similarly behaving good person. Separate groups of subjects rated the moral worth of a variety of (1) actors, (2) acts, and (3) acts performed by actors, as well as (4) the likelihood of such actor/act combinations. The data provide support for the first hypothesis, but none for the second. A more parsimonious characterization of the data suggests that generally, subjective probability is positively related to the moral evaluation of an actor/act combination.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.1.98

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In the process of defining their variables, researchers often produce dependencies between them by redundantly including component variables. The result is that a null hypothesis of “no relationship” cannot be tested by comparing the observed correlation with zero. The potentially misleading consequences of this practice are discussed in a detailed analysis of the size-administrative intensity literature. Suggestions are made for dealing with the problem.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.1.108

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP