摘要:

Five attitudes were defined factorially from subjects' responses (n = 489) to a91-item inventory covering a variety of altruistic themes and attitude objects. Helping, social-responsibility, and procriminal factors were moderately associated; nontraditional humanitarian (mainly sex progressivism) and pro-animal factors had weak, although significant, correlations with other attitudes. Women expressed greater altruism than men, except on nontraditional humanitarianism (reversal significant atp<.0001). Subjects who scored low on Dogmatism and F Scales were more consistent than dogmatic (authoritarian)Ss, according to two statistics: (a) an individual dispersion index reflecting amount of spread among the five attitude scores (pro-con dimension); (b) correlational differences between authoritarian and non-authoritarian subgroups, for all 10 attitude pairs. Applicability of the consistency principle to status quo attitude organization was discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.2.157

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In a series of articles, Benton Johnson has investigated the effects of ascetic Protestantism on political party preference. His findings indicate that among laymen exposed to fundamentalist teachings, religious involvement would vary directly with Republican party preference. However, among laymen exposed to liberal teachings, religious involvement would vary inversely with Republican identification. This present study shows that church involvement and political party identification are not significantly related. A refinement of Johnson's liberal-fundamentalist dichotomy and his church interaction index again resulted in non-significant findings. Finally, a weighted least-squares procedure was employed yielding a set of linear estimation equations that again showed no significant effect. Results such as these should make the social scientist wary of the dangers associated with the measurement of religion and the contemporary relevance of Weber's Protestant ethic.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.2.168

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Theoretical approaches to internal conflict over priorities in the Presbyterian church are tested using surveys of laymen, ministers, and seminary seniors. Conflicts are greatest over the type and importance of church mission and outreach; there is little conflict over congregational life, religious education, or spiritual nurture. Path analysis shows that theological factors are intervening variables between all background variables and attitudes about church priorities. Orthodoxy and ethical ism act independently and in opposite directions. It is concluded that the conflict is largely theological, explained partly in terms of church-sect tension and partly by conflicting theological orientations in the denomination.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.2.178

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Data were selected from Indiana computer tapes, 1962–67, for detailed analysis of intrafaith as compared to interfaith marriages for four religious groups—Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, Other. The influence of age, previous marital status, and occupational class was examined, along with other factors such as age difference and type of ceremony. Although the proportion of mixed marriages among non-Protestants was found to be high and increasing somewhat, a comparison of actual with possible random matings disclosed considerable selectivity, with Jewish persons being by far the most endogamous and Catholics the most intermarried of the minority groups.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.2.195

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Separated sets of concepts and procedures have developed from studies on the religious and ethnic identifications of Christians and Jews. This article strives to integrate these research streams through a set of eight identification dimensions. Using prior research by Lenski and Sklare, these eight dimensions are formed into two path analysis models—one for Protestants and one for Jews. These models are then evaluated by data from a probability sample of Chicago area Jews and white Protestants. As would be expected, findings only partially support the hypothesized path models. The data indicate that there is a mainstream of identification that runs from childhood home religious background to religious education to religious behavior to activity in ethnic organizations and to concern over one's children's religious education. Lenski's finding that ethnic community life and religious institutions were somewhat separated is supported for Protestants, but not for Jews. These eight identity dimensions are controlled for two recursive blocks of biosocial and socioeconomic variables and are related to general community organization activities, anomie, and a measure of liberalness. The findings for high-moderate status Jews show weak or negative relations between identification measures and liberalness. Low-status Jews show positive relations between five dimensions and liberalness. Protestants display weak relations between their identity dimensions and liberalness with no evidence of an interaction with social status. Finally, two new identity models are presented for further empirical testing.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.2.204

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Popular imagery and various social science theories argue that urban life generates a sense of despair or malaise. While Americans tend to express preferences for small communities, secondary analysis of several American and foreign surveys fails to indicate that community size fosters personal unhappiness. If any result is substantial, it is that the effect, worldwide, is of rural malaise. American and French data do reveal, however, that, after controls for covariates, there is a small trend for the largest metropolises to be disproportionately places of malaise. Breaking down the samples by migration history suggests that this is owing to the ability of some to move to idealized communities.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.2.221

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article builds on criticisms of the Dahrendorf conflict model to suggest strategies for its reformulation. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that the model, as it now stands, abandons the fruitful lead of Marx and falls into the same analytical traps Dahrendorf has imputed to Parsonian functionalism. To correct for these problems, the weaknesses of the causal scheme and the variables conceptualized and incorporated into propositions are examined. This examination suggests paths along which the causal imagery and propositions can be reformulated and supplemented.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.2.236

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study reports on long-range consequences of student political activism. Three groups were selected: (1) former civil rights activists, (2) student government members, and (3) apolitical undergraduates. It was hypothesized that variation in political activism would be linked with differing occupations and political orientations. Former civil rights activists are heavily concentrated in the knowledge and human service occupations and are politically radical to liberal in their attitudes and behavior.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.2.245

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Traditionally, sociologists have avoided research into civil law and the civil-legal process, focusing instead on the criminal law and the criminal justice process. But the development of sociological theories of law-related behavior awaits the integration of empirical research findings from both of these sides of the legal process. It is the argument of this article that an initial step in this direction can be taken by employing the societal-reactions perspective as a sensitizing guide for research into the civil justice process. The close fit between the nature of the focal concerns of the societal reactions perspective and empirical problems in the sociology of law is explicated.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.2.253

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article demonstrates the potential of small group laboratory research for attacking some of the theoretical and methodological problems currently confronting the societal-reaction perspective in the field of deviance. The results of small group research by Schachter, and Sampson and Brandon are reinterpreted within a conceptual framework derived from the societal-reaction literature. These two studies suggest that inclusive reactions to deviance attempt to control deviation through intense interactional pressure, accompanied by relatively low attitudinal hostility toward the deviant. Exclusive reactions to deviance reject the deviant as an outsider and are characterized by low levels of interaction, but high levels of covert hostility. Inclusive reactions tend to occur when deviance is attributed to a particular situation, whereas deviance attributed to the character of the deviant tends to result in exclusive reactions.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/52.2.259

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1973

数据来源: OUP