摘要:

This analysis examines the relationship between multiple social roles and psychological well-being by focusing on specific combinations of the normatively expected social roles of spouse, childrearer, and worker in a large representative sample of urban adults. Cross-sectional analyses of current role repertoires and current psychological symptoms are supplemented by consideration of how changes in role repertoires are related to changes in symptom level. For both men and women, marriage and employment have positive effects, but the impact of childrearing responsibilities ranges from neutral to negative. The advantages of employment are most pronounced for married fathers and unmarried mothers, those of marriage strongest for mothers without jobs; the disadvantages of childrearing are strongest for unemployed husbands and unemployed unmarried women. Specific role combinations, not summary role counts, are meaningfully associated with psychological symptoms: distress is most likely when one's role repertoire departs from the normal expectable situation for one's age and gender.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.693

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study examines the relationship between changing family living arrangements and psychological well-being of childrearing women when judged in concert with persistent life strains, stressful life events, and social support mechanisms. Using longitudinal data (N=833) on childrearing women in an urban black neighborhood in Chicago, our findings indicate that long-term single parenting may be considered a chronic Stressor. Women who were the only adult in the household when their children were in early school grades and remained so when they reached adolescence had higher levels of psychological distress than women who lived with another adult, especially those who gained an adult family member (nonspouse) or lived with a spouse. Death of a family member or close friend, unemployment, and changes in residence were associated with increased distress. Emotional support, having a friend as a confidant, and frequent church attendance were related to less distress.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.715

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Musical culture is both shaped by and a potential shaper of forces in society. Two contrasting forces influence the ethnic scene in Israel: integrative processes of acculturation among Oriental Jews on the one hand and attempts to preserve ethnic frames of reference on the other. An analytical framework delineating three basic forms of musical taste patterns, representing varying degrees of acculturation vs. ethnic separatist tendencies, is advanced. Data from an urban Israeli community bear out the basic theoretical contentions that musical culture accurately reflects tendencies apparent in other spheres of life, and that different types of music produce cumulative effects which further reinforce the operation of these processes. The analysis of musical appreciation can therefore add a new dimension to the sociological study of multi-ethnic societies and afford a new means of estimating the operation of social forces.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.731

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

It has been postulated that “The Crime or Delinquency Area” theory of Shaw and McKay (1942), which assumes that certain areas of the city are spawning-grounds for crime and delinquency, is applicable to urban settlements in non-Western societies (Morris 1985). To investigate this postulate, ecological data are presented on the place of residence of criminals and juvenile delinquents and on the location of their offenses in metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria. These are discussed and contrasted with similar pioneer studies in the United States; then implications are drawn concerning crime and delinquency theories. The data confirm Shaw and McKay's theory. Heterogeneity does lead to weak social control which leads to high rates of crime and delinquency. But the research suggests that in the Lagos cultural setting the generator of heterogeneity is something besides physically deteriorated conditions. Indeed, heterogeneity in Lagos is characteristic of high and medium rent areas rather than low income areas.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.751

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Promotion within organizations is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism for socioeconomic attainment during the course of individual careers. In addition to the material benefits that promotions convey, they also have symbolic meaning in American society as the principal way that individuals participate in the ideology of success. This paper uses data on production and clerical workers in one manufacturing plant to show that opportunity in work organizations, or the lack of it, explains three categories of promotion attitudes: high expectations and aspirations, low expectations and aspirations, and low expectations and high aspirations. Opportunity is defined as position in the organizational hierarchy and as workers' perceptions of the degree to which the firm's administrative system awards promotions through fair and open competition. The analysis shows that the effects of opportunity variables on promotion attitudes are significant even when age, education, and gender are controlled. This study goes beyond other studies of organizational opportunity structures by showing that both positional and normative opportunity have independent effects on promotion attitudes.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.766

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.789

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.796

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.799

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.803

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.807

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP