摘要:

This analysis examines alternative explanations for French-English earnings inequality in Quebec: (1) French Quebec culture limits French acquisition of human capital resources, and (2) English control of Quebec's economy has created both a segmented labor market in which French labor is concentrated in less productive labor markets and firms and a split labor market in which French labor receives lower wages for the same work. Using data from a 1970–71 survey, multiple regression suggests human capital resources, especially education, are more important in determining French income, while socioeconomic background and location in labor markets and firms are more important determinants of English earnings. However, decomposition of earnings differences, through standardized regression, suggests inequality is due to the greater efficiency with which English translate their advantageous positions in economic structures into earnings. Results suggest the existence of a split labor market in which education serves a gate-keeping function.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/61.1.1

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

We examine the effects of high school curriculum and vocational training on occupational outcomes among young men 25–29 and 29–33 years of age. The effects on both occupational status and occupational routines (concern with people, data, and things) are reported. Returns to years of schooling tend to be greater for whites, but returns to curriculum and vocational training are generally greater for blacks. The major exceptions to stronger effects of vocational training for blacks involve skilled manual training and occupations dealing with things. The findings are interpreted as indicating that (a) the usual status attainment model has inadequately specified the relationship between educational and occupational attainment, (b) the common conclusion that black occupational outcomes are less predictable than those of whites is unwarranted, and (c) curriculum and vocational training have such strong effects for blacks because they help move blacks into people- and data-processing occupations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/61.1.24

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Regression analysis of data from recent U.S. national surveys was used to estimate, for white men and women separately, the total effect of amount of education on job satisfaction and the effect net of extrinsic rewards (money, prestige, authority, and autonomy). We reasoned that education which does not lead to extrinsic rewards would lead to dissatisfaction with work by producing unfulfilled expectations and aspirations, and thus we hypothesized that the estimated effect of education on job satisfaction net of extrinsic rewards would be negative. The hypothesis was not supported for women and was only weakly supported for men, and thus the findings of this study do not suggest that any increase in overeducated workers will have a major negative impact on job satisfaction. The indicated total effect of education is positive for both sexes but is considerably stronger for women than for men.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/61.1.46

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper reports the results of a study examining the same-race and cross-race friendship choices of black and white students in classrooms that differ in racial composition. In a sample of 20 desegregated classrooms in 6 schools, blacks showed a stronger tendency than whites to segregate racially in the selection of friends regardless of the racial composition of the classroom. Both blacks and whites were most integrated in their friendships in majority white classrooms. Segregation by whites decreased over the school year while black segregation remained constant. Blacks were found to be friendlier toward both races than whites with the greatest difference in black and white friendliness occurring in majority white classrooms. The results illustrate some of the complex ways in which classroom racial composition affects the formation of interracial friendships.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/61.1.56

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/61.1.73

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Data from a cross-cultural sample of 93 societies were used to test three theories that could account for the exclusion of women from community religious roles: gynephobia, resource theory, and differentiated social spheres. Results from a multiple regression analysis suggest that only resource theory has any ability to predict societal patterns excluding females from religious roles. In particular, it is most effective in predicting the likelihood women will be allowed to assume the role of shaman. Women are most likely to be shamans in societies in which they are highly influential in kin networks and yet retain little control of property. These factors are discussed as they relate to opportunities for social sponsorship and to a functional aspect of social marginality that favors selection for shamanship.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/61.1.79

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper describes an informant-defined experiment, designed to answer the questions “whom does any informant know, and why?” Each of 50 informants was allowed to ask an unlimited number of questions about each of 50 target persons (all mythical, each with a created life history). When informants felt they had enough information, they told us which of their acquaintances was most likely to know the target person, or, more precisely, could serve as the first step in a chain of acquaintances.The data show that four basic questions (location, occupation, age, and sex) account for more than 50 percent of questions asked, and a basic collection of six or seven questions would suffice for most circumstances. Less often used questions tend to be employed only when the basic set produces no useful information for that informant. The (verbal) reasons given for a choice could be succinctly defined using no more than four concepts. Analysis of these reasons shows that the basic pattern occurs throughout: location is important when the target is near, in a big town, and has a low occupation rating; occupation is important when the reverse holds.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/61.1.99

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Recently Mark Warr examined the relationship between public estimates of the frequency of various types of crimes and the police-reported statistics. He found that the relationship was described fairly closely by a power function.This paper shows that two axioms of rationality, called quasi-realism and quasi-consistency, lead to the Subjective/Objective Odds Power Relationship and the Group Aggregation Relationship. We find that Warr's empirical power function is a direct consequence of the Subjective/Objective Odds Power Relationship and the Group Aggregation Relationship.Hence Warr's result can be viewed as an application of a larger theory of quasi-realism and quasi-consistency.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/61.1.134

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The correlations between rank-order measures and their underlying scores, sampled from continuous distributions, are obtained for various numbers of categories in eight different distributions. The purpose is to assess the amount of distortion which results when researchers have only rank-order measures of underlying continuous level variables. Both the number of rank-order categories and the nature of the underlying distribution are found to be important determinants of the degree of distortion. Further, the relationship between the number of rank-order categories and the degree of distortion depends on the nature of the underlying distribution. The results of this analysis are then compared with those based on Stuart's work (a) and Abelson and Tukey (a, b) (which are found to overestimate the degree of distortion) and Labovitz (which are found to underestimate the degree of distortion). The results of this analysis are then generalized and their implications for the use of rank-order measures of underlying continuous level variables are explored.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/61.1.144

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A growing body of research suggests the appropriateness of social analogues to such psychological constructions as the “matching law” and the “law of effect” Using such analogues and their appropriate social applications we are able to show that apparent situations of inequity or exchange imbalance are actually often the result of balancing mechanisms which operate when several reinforcement domains are simultaneously operative in social situations. Thus imbalances may only appear for local reinforcement domains while they are balanced over the total social situation, rendering the total system equitable. Such considerations may explain the apparently pervasive nature of some inequitable social structures.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/61.1.156

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1982

数据来源: OUP