|
1. |
Proceedings of the Chemical Society. March 1957 |
|
Proceedings of the Chemical Society ,
Volume 1,
Issue March,
1957,
Page 73-104
Preview
|
PDF (2349KB)
|
|
摘要:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY MARCH 1957 REPORT OF COUNCIL FOR 1956 1. Fellowship 1. Honorary Fellowship. Professor R. S. Mulliken (Chicago) distinguished for his application of wave mechanics to chemistry and Professor R. B. Wood-ward (Haward) noted for outstanding contributions to synthetic organic chemistry were elected to Honorary Fellowship on June 7th 1956. 2. General. The Council is pleased to report an increase in tkz Fellowship to 9,074,a gain of 138 during the year. The Society has thus made good almost half the loss of the past two years. Changes in recent years are shown in Table 1. awarded the C.B.E. in the New Year or Birthday Honours Lists-The Council is pleased to report that the 1956 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to Sir Cyril Hinshelwood a Vice-president who has filled the office of President jointly with Professor N.Semenov Honorary Fellow. Congratulations have also been conveyed to the following on awards announced by The Royal Society Dr. Dorothy M. Hodgkin (Royal Medal) Professor R. D. Hawortli (Davy Medal) and Dr. F. P. Bowden (Rumford Medal). TABLE1 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 Number of Fellows on January 1st . . 8,616 9,063 9,249 9,I23 8,936 Additions Elections .. .. .. .. 947 790 670 678 656 Reinstatements .. .. .. 34 29 26 27 29 Miscellaneous . . .. .. .. 1 982 - 819 - 696 - 705 3 688 - - - Deductions Deaths . .. .. .. . . 65 58 71 60 61 Resignations .. Removals .. .. .. .I .. . . 341 128 467 106 583 167 712 117 288 199 Miscellaneous .... .. .. 1 535 2 633 1 822 3 892 2 550 - - +447 3. Congratulations. The Council has been pleased to congratulate Professor Kathleen Lonsdale who was awarded the D.B.E. in the New Year Honours List and also Professor C. E. H. Bawn Dr. F. P. Bowden and Dr. F. N. Woodward who were 11. Publications 1. Journal. The most obvious-and also the most significant-features of the 1956 Journal were the irregular sizes of monthly issues and the change of 73 organic structural formulae from type-set to blocks. The two features are inter-related. Even in 1954 the Journal contained some 30-40 communications (1 50-200 pages) less than had come forward for publication during that year and it was apparent that the size of the Journal had grown near to the printer’s maximum capacity for this work so that a long time was required to recoup slight losses due to illness or other cause.It was arranged that the printers should try to set in type a small excess of papers so as to establish a buffer which could be used when monthly issues ran small thus spreading the work more evenly and making for greater overall output. However this did not prove practicable. On the contrary it became evident in November 1955 that the 1955 Journal would be short by a further 30-40 communications (150-200 pages). Such arrears are not serious if they can be rapidly recouped but if con- tinued for even a few years would seriously increase the time between receipt and publication of a com- munication.Urgent discussions with the printers were therefore instituted. It was learnt that the bottleneck was the setting in type of organic structural formula; this is highly skilled intricate work which few printers can under- take and it was proving impossible to obtain young men for training in this exacting skill; the capacity of the Society’s printer for this work would thus decrease rather than increase. It was further learnt that a recent serious accident to a key worker had temporarily halved the printer’s capacity to set formula=. Thus there was both a long-term and a short-term problem. It was decided to change with utmost despatch from type-set structural formulae to blocks. These formulae were to be prepared in a form suitable for blockmaking by an artist under control of the printers in collaboration with the editors.Work began on this before the turn of the year and after a short experience formula were standardised in the form visible in issues of the Journal appearing in the second half of 1956. This new form seems to have gained general approval.* The artist’s capacity for this work has risen above that needed for a Journal of the present size and he now does similar work also for Annual Reports and for some of the Society’s Special Publications . Until this arrangement with the artist was working smoothly the printer’s capacity was as we had been PROCEEDINGS forewarned greatly reduced. The result was seen in the very small issues of the Journal for January to May 1956 (1,268 pages; average 254 instead of over 400 pages a month).When the new method began to work smoothly monthly issues became much larger three being over 650 pages and by the end of the year a total of 4,988 pages had been published. This was second by only 58 pages to the record year 1952 and represents rather more than the full year’s throughput of MSS. In the first few months of 1957 the arrears remaining from 1955 and 1954 should be made good. Moreover it is apparent that there is now ample reserve capacity to handle any likely increase in size of the Journal in the foreseeable future. The Society has good reason to be grateful to its printers Messrs. Richard Clay and Company of Bungay Suffolk and the artist Mr.S. C. Clare of Great Yarmouth for their co-operation. The attached Figure shows the time from receipt of MSS. to publication for each quarter of 1956. Whilst the steps just outlined have it is believed solved the long-term problem certain other steps taken to meet the short-term problem set by the accident at the printers require to be recorded. Responsibility for structural formulae for Annual Reports was taken with his consent from the Society’s printer for one year only. Rough drawings were prepared by the editors; tracings in Indian ink with stencils were prepared by tracers recruited through the kindness of some members of the Publication Committee and others; the stencilled formulae were then made into blocks.Practically no time was available for experiment so the final result in Annual Reports was not all that could be desired; and owing to the varying skill of the different tracers the standard is not consistent. As stated above this method is not being used for Annual Reports in 1957. However the experience gained enabled the method to be improved and with the help of a particularly skilled tracer this method is now generally used for Quarterly Reviews with results that are considered very satisfactory. The Society is very grateful to all those who helped in the difficult period in 1956. It should be added that the older less satisfactory method of tracing was also used in a few cases for formulae in the Journal in the most difficult period of small issues.One further special feature in the 1956 Journal requires short mention lest false impressions may be conveyed. A series of papers in the November issue * Enquiries have been received about the method used when the formula are prepared so a few details may be of interest. The editors prepare from the MS.,a rough copy of the formula on paper ruled in one-sixth inch squares. Bonds end at corners or in the middle of sides or occasionally in the middle of squares a variation which permits even steric formula to be drawn reasonably. Knowing these conventions the artist prepares an accurate copy on card similarly ruled faintly in blue. He has available symbols for elements and common groups such as OH Me Et printed in bold type and also numerals.The artist first rules the bonds in Indian ink then his helpers paste on the lettering. After being touched up with Chinese white where necessary the drawing is used for preparation of a block at a reduced scale. The reduction is chosen so that the lettering agrees in final size with that available for typesetting. MARCH1957 t 40 -‘I i;C ;I x35-: I‘ comments. mostly collected into the initial pages of the issue carried a footnote that they were submitted in honour of Sir Ian Heilbron’s seventieth birthday. All these papers had been refereed and handled in the usual way; in order that they might appear in the November issue those papers which were ready for publication earlier were delayed. It is emphasised that no paper other than those included at the authors’ request in this set was in any way delayed by this arrangement.(Incidentally in the Figure the curve for the fourth quarter would have been still a little more favourable but for the intentional delay imposed in this way on the “birthday” papers.) The statistics customarily given in this Report are in the annexed Tables 2-5. The number of communications received during the year 1956 was 1,051 second only to 1955. Con- tributions from industrial laboratories and industrial research organisations published during 1956 totalled 98 including 6 published jointly with academic insti- tutions and 1 jointly with a Government organisa- tion; this represents 10.1 % of the total (the figure for 1955 was 10-3 %).Contributions from Government sources totalled 50 5.15% (1955 4-7%) including 6 jointly with academic institutions and 1 jointly with an industrial organisation. Contributions from outside the United Kingdom published during 1956 numbered 216 (21.7%) (1955 18-37a. PROCEEDINGS TABLE 2. Numbers of items in the Journal 1938 1948 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 Papers (General Physical and Inorganic). . 102 124 194 180 135 168 200 , (Physical Organic) .. .. .. -16* 134 93 125 153 140 , (Organic) . . .. .. ,. 275 326 556 492 581 474 508 Notes .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 45 116 101 1 20 113 123 Lectures and Addresses . . .. .. 9 5 6 6 7 4 6 Obituary Notices .. .. .. .. 37 17 21 14 22 12 17 Annual General Meeting .. .. ..1 2 2 1 1 1 I I Extraordinary General Meeting . . .. --1 -Bye-laws of the Chemical Society .. .. --1 -Editorial Nomenclature Report . . .. -1 1 1 1 1 I.U.P.A.C. List of Atomic Weights. . .. I -1 1 -1 452 535 1,030 889 995 926 997 *Class first introduced December 1948. TABLE 3. Communications to the Journal 1938 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 Papers and Notes received . . .. .. .. 507 1,046 946 1,019 1,084 1,051 Less rejected or withdrawn . . .. .. .. 11 59 52 49 68 56 496 987 894 970 1,016 Papers and Notes published ,. .. .. .. 404 1,OOO 866 961 908 No. of pages (Papers and Notes) . .. .. 1,917 4,901 4,028 4;552 4,297 No. of pages (total excluding Index Volume) .. 2,120 5,056 4,200 4,712 4,496 Average no. of pages per Communication .. ..4.75 4.90 4.65 4-73 4-73 TABLE 4. Communications from outside United Kingdom (Parentheses indicate publication jointly with a British laboratory.) 1948 1952 1953 1954 1955 Australia .. .. .. .. .. 13 62(1 ) 50 62(2) 46(2)n British Colonies and Protectorates . . 5(1) 9(2) 7 Canada . . .. .. .. .. 2 Egypt .. .. .. .. .. 15 France .. .. .. .. .. 2 Hungary . . .. .. .. .. 6 India and Pakistan .. .. .. 3 -Irish Republic .. .. .. .. Israel .. .. .. .. .. 2 -Italy .. .. .. .. .. -Japan .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand . . .. .. .. 14 South Africa . . .. .. .. 1 U.S.A. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Miscellaneous . . .. .. .. 7 --~~-67 157(12) 140(4) 194(13) 166(12) 216(17) a 6 c indicate one each jointly d indicates 3 jointly. TABLE 5.Percentage distribution in the Journal 1948 1949 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 Papers (General Physical and Inorganic). . 20.3 16.9 19.4 20.8 14.0 18.5 21.1 , (Physical Organic)* .. .. .. 3.1 14.4 13.4 10-8 13.0 16.9 14.4 , (Organic) . . .. .. .. 63.8 60.9 55.6 56.7 60.5 52.2 52.3 Notes . . .. .. .. .. .. 8.8 7.8 11.6 11.7 12-5 12.4 12.2 *Class first introduced December 1948. MARCH1957 2. Proceedings. Arrangements were made for publication of Proceedings in a new and expanded form beginning in 1957 and a panel was appointed by the Publication Committee to advise on policy concerning it. 3. Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry for 1955 (Volume LII). These were issued in August 1956 and contained 403 pages (400 in 1955). 4.Quarterly Reviews. Volume X (1956) contained 21 articles occupying 497 pages (Volume IX 15 articles 414 pages). Issue No. 3 of 1956 contained four articles occupying 112 pages published under a reciprocal arrangement with the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences; the subjects and the authors were chosen by the Academy and the manuscripts were pub- lished as received without editing except for some changes in nomenclature and symbolism. The re- maining three issues contained all the non-Russian articles which would have been published had there been no articles from the U.S.S.R. III. Other Activities 1. Meetings. Official Meetings held by the Society included a Symposium on “Chemisorption,” held at the University College of North Staffordshire Keele on July 17th to 19th.This meeting was organised on similar lines to that held at Exeter in the summer of 1955 and the Council believes that such gatherings will in the future form a valuable part of the Society’s regular activities. The Council hopes that whilst the speakers at such symposia will be experts in the chosen topic the meetings will attract a wider audience of non-specialists and that papers will be presented in sufficient detail to be instructive to chemists working in other fields. Professor G. T. Seaborg visited this country in June to deliver his Centenary Lecture “The Present Status of the Transuranium Elements,” in London and in Liverpool. Details of other Scientific Meetings have been announced in Proceedings and circulated to Fellows.These included a large number of TABLE 6. Current Chemical Papers. Summary 1954 Titles of papers listed .. .. 19,531 Pages (of C.C.P.) .. .. Total number of journals scanned Journals yielding titles .. Issues of journals yielding titles .. .. .. . . 633 437 325 2,006 - Issues of journals not yielding titles. . 5. Current Chemical Papers. This publication now in its third year was continued essentially on the same lines as in previous years. The Analytical section was divided into general inorganic and organic subsections but this change was formal for the convenience of readers since the items had previously been arranged in this order though not so marked offby headings. The numbers of journals covered increased again from 469 in 1955 to 521 in 1956.However the number of titles increased by only 4.3 % whereas the increase in journals covered amounts to 11.1 % which appears to justify the claim made last year that coverage is reasonably comprehensive. Suggestions to the Editor for new journals to be covered will still be welcomed. Comparative statistics for the three years are in Table 6. U.S.S.R. moved from fourth to third place as source of items largely because receipts of journals from that country improved in 1956. 6. Special Publications. Special Publication No. 4 a Report of a Symposium on “Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Colouring Matters,” held in London and No. 5 a Report of a Symposium on “Antibiotics and Mould Metabolites,” held in Nottingham have been published.Totals 1955 1956 1954 Average per issue 1955 1956 21,360 22,278 1,628 1,780 1,856 706 73 1 53 58 61 469 521 - - - 381 401 129 182 134 2,277 2,265 167 190 189 1,438 1,503 137 120 125 meetings organised by Local Representatives some of them held jointly with other Societies. The Council has also considered the time and the place of meetings held in London. It has been sug-gested that Fellows might prefer London Meetings to start earlier in the evening say between 5.30 and 6.30 p.m. and a postal referendum was held in which all those living within reasonable travelling distance of London were asked to indicate their views. The Council had agreed that an earlier start should be considered if this were generally desired.However a small majority in a low poll favoured a continuance of the present arrangements and Council agreed that no action could therefore be justified. The Society’s meeting room has during the year been newly decorated and re-equipped with new seats and lighting to designs prepared by the Society’s architects Messrs. Booth Ledeboer & Pinckheard. The seating plan has been altered to enable all the audience to obtain a good view of the screen and blackboard and now follows very closely the original layout adopted in 1874 when the room was first equipped for the Society’s use. The new ventilation system which will it is hoped considerably improve conditions in the meeting room when it is crowded has still to be completed.2. Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize. The award for 1954 was made to Dr. R. E. Richards in con- sideration of his work on magnetic resonance. The Council has also approved a change in the rules governing the award to enable a candidate if he so desires to submit with his application a statement on the background and main purpose of his research papers on which his application is to be judged; and to refer in such statement to work published before the year in respect of which the award is to be made. 3. Library. The Report of the Joint Library Com- mittee is given as an Appendix to this report. IV. Finance and Administration 1. General Purposes Account. The experience of the past year confirms the opinion expressed in the last Report that the new subscription arrangements had not had any adverse effect on the Society’s finances.The Fellowship increase recorded in Section I has produced an increase in the Subscrip- tion Income. Whilst nothing is placed to reserve in 1956 against E5,000 in 1955 it will be noted that the net cost to the Society of capital expenditure principally in connection with the reequipment of the meeting room is higher than a year ago. If these items of a non-recurrent nature are disregarded the account is solvent and although there is no large surplus the Council is satisfied that an increase in the two guinea Fellowship subscription need not be contemplated at least until 1959. Moreover given a sufficient increase in the number of Fellows during the next two years the position should remain satisfactory after that date.The income in 1956 does not as in previous years include any item for tax recovery on the sub- scriptions of Fellows paid under Deeds of Covenant. The Commissioners of Inland Revenue have with- held this repayment pending a decision in a case which is shortly to come before the Court of Appeal and which it is suggested may be relevant to the Society. The Council will keep this situation under review. Meanwhile however the repayments will only be credited in the Society’s accounts when they are actually received. 2. Publications Account. The Accounts show the very substantial increase in printing and other costs including postage which the Society has had to face in 1956.Some charges rose by over 20% during the year and a further increase although it is hoped on a much smaller scale is inevitable in 1957. The Council had some advance knowledge of these increases and to offset the higher costs it has raised the selling prices for non-Fellows of certain publica- tions. These increases however could not result in improved revenue until the year 1957 and expendi- ture during 1956 has exceeded income (if outside grants are excluded) by some El 3,811. The Council PROCEEDINGS will consider what further steps it can take to bring this Account into balance. The Council wishes to record its appreciation of grants received from outside sources towards the cost of publications.The Chemical Council has made a contribution of &9,500 from the proceeds of the Appeal for the years 1956-1958 made to the British Chemical Industry. &5,291 has been received from the Royal Society including &4,291 from the Government Scientific Publications Grant-in-Aid and &1,O00 from the Wellcome Trust Fund. After these grants are taken into consideration there was a surplus of E980 on the Account. This arises from a substantial and unexpected increase in revenue from sales to overseas libraries towards the end of the year and from the much smaller Journal pub-lished in December 1956 (owing to technical difficulties at the printer’s). The accumulation of papers carried forward to 1957 will add some E2,OOO to printing costs in that year.3. Special Publications Account. The income and the expenditure on this fund is likely to vary con- siderably from year to year as new publications are issued. It is the Council’s policy however that each Special Publication should over a period produce sufficient revenue to cover the publication costs and on the evidence of the first five issues in the series this is likely to be achieved. 4. Library Account. Library maintenance expenses have risen from E6,789 to &8,959. The cost (which does not include the purchase of new books and periodicals) is in the main shared among a number of bodies including the Chemical Society on a membership basis in accordance with the arrange- ments made by the Chemical Council. Capital expenditure including books is at present borne entirely by The Chemical Society and in 1956 amounted to f2,935.5. Trust and Lecture Funds. The final payments due under Deeds of Covenant in favour of the Centenary Fund have now been received and further accumulations of capital will not arise in this way. Increasing income from investments on the Corday-Morgan Memorial Fund has enabled the Council to increase its grants to the Memorial Fund Executive to 2500 per annum. Grants totalling $381 have been made from the Research Fund to 24 applicants. The other accounts call for no special comment. 6. Subscription for Fellows in Australia. After the Australian currency moved out of parity with sterling arrangements were made for Fellows of the Society in Australia to pay their annual subscriptions at the old rate of exchange.Not all Australian Fellows chose to avail themselves of this concession and the Council then thought that if the subscriptions MARCH1957 were allowed to accumulate in Australia the exchange loss might eventually be extinguished. This position has now been reviewed and the Council did not feel able to continue a concession which was not granted to any other Commonwealth country. Accordingly arrangements were made to terminate the privilege as from January 1957. The Council greatly regrets the increase in sub- scription that this will involve for Fellows in Australia but having regard to the actual loss which each Australian subscription entails the privilege cannot in fairness to other Fellows be continued.7. Investments. Minor changes have occurred in the Society’s investments. The holdings at December 3 1st are given in the Accounts. 8. Council. The following new Members of Council were elected during 1956 President .. .. Professor E. L. Hirst Vice-Presidents who have not filled the office of President Professor E. D. Hughes Honorary Secretary. . Dr. J. Chatt Elected Ordinary Members of Council Professor R. M. Bmer Professor A. G. Evans Dr. W. Gerrard Professor L. Hunter Dr. G. W. Kenner Professor B. Lythgoe Dr. A. Maccoll Mr. L. A. K. Staveley 9. Local Representatives. In order to extend the representation of the Society outside London the Council has approved several new appointments.Dr. E. R. A. Peeling has been appointed as repre- sentative in Leicester to work in conjunction with Dr. T. J. King at Nottingham. Representatives have been appointed at both Durham (Dr. G.Kohnstam) and Newcastle (Dr. F. J. McQuillin) in place of the one Representative who previously had responsibility for the whole area. Similarly South Wales is now represented at Cardiff (Dr. A. R. Pinder) as well as at Swansea (Mr. R. H. Davies). Australia also has two Representatives -Professor A. E. Alexander (Sydney) and Dr. K. H. Pausacker (Melbourne). In addition the following changes have taken place owing to the retirement of Local Representatives Ceylon .. Dr. G. P. Wannigama in place of Dr. M. U.S. Sultanbawa Manchester . . Dr. G. D. Meakins in place of Dr. G. R. Barker Nottingham .. Dr. T. J. King in place of Dr. C. C. Addison Oxford .. Dr. R. E. Richards in place of Mr. L. A. K. Staveley Southampton .. Dr. Ishbel G. M. Campbell in place of Dr. N. B. Chapman 10. Administrative Ofices. All the administrative and editorial staff are now housed at 9/10 Savile Row. It is the Council’s intention that as soon as an opportunity arises all the Society’s activities shall be concentrated under one roof in suitable premises. As an interim measure however the present arrange- ments are more satisfactory and more efficient than those prevailing during the past few years when the staff of the Society and its stock of publications were housed at three different addresses.V. Acknowledgments The Council expresses its cordial thanks to those Fellows who have placed their valuable services at the disposal of the Society during the year including members of committees Local Representatives and those who have given lectures opened discussions and read papers or acted as referees for papers published by the Society. Appendix Annual Report of the Joint Library Chmmittee for the Year 1956 The reorganisation of the Library that began in 1955 has continued throughout 1956 though on a diminished scale. The stock of periodicals has been completely over- hauled and a great deal of material deemed to lie outside the interests of the Library has been disposed of. Work has been started on recataloguing and classifying to modern standards the entire stock of text-books and so far some 2,000 books have been so treated.As this work proceeded the book stock has been weeded and redundant material disposed of. In October new photocopying equipment was installed capable of producing work faster and of better quality than previously. During the year 3,836 pages were copied. The changes made in the Library Regulations in 1955 have produced a substantial increase in the volume of loans made in the year as shown in the Table. Attendances Books borrowed Books Pamphletsadded added 1956 8,171 (3,742 by post)8,303 291 47 1955 7,457 (2,630 by post)5,854 209 35 573 journals are now being received in the Library and 304volumes of current periodicals were bound in 1956.Gifts have been made to the Library during the year and the Committee tenders its grateful thanks to those Fellows and Publishers who have helped the Library in this way. 80 PROCEEDINGS MARCH1957 81 THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY ACCOUNTS 1956 INCOMEAND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEARENDED 31s~DECEMBER. 1955 Expenditure 1956 1955 Income 1956 General Purposes E 2 E f E E E E Administration Expenses Fellows' Subscriptions 5,267 Salaries Superannuation etc. .. .. .. .. .. 5,805 17,019 For 1956 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17,493 518 House Expenses etc. .. .. .. .. . 652 488 For 1955 and previous years . . .. .. .. .. .. 246 974 Stationery Postages and Office' Expenses .. .. .. .. 1,094 265 Miscellaneous ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 528 17,507 17,739 -7,024 8,079 1,063 Add Income Tax recoverable on Subscriptions under Covenant .. 1,567 Meetings .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,023 -18,570 17,739 1,068 Local Representatives Expenses . . .. .. .. .. .. 887 2,549 Income from Investments .. .. .. .. .. 2,673 478 Travelling Expenses . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 679 549 Interest on Treasury Bills and deposits . . .. .. .. . . 1,313 .I 11,811 Capital improvements .. .. .. .. .. . . 4,000 395 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 417 10,000 Less Grant from Chemical Council .. .. .. .. .. -944 1,730 1,811 1,356 Less Transfer to Publications Account .. .. .. .. 455 Transfers Publications Account- 1,691 Cost of free publications to Fellows under 27 years of age .. 2,235 Library Account- 2,601 Capital Expenditure . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,935 1,133 Maintenance . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,359 800 Staff Pensions Fund .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 800 5,000 General Reserve .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -11,225 7,329 Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance 246 Sheet .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 145 &22,063 E22,142 E22,063 E22,142 -* Capital Expenditure authorised at 31st December 1956 and not included in these accounts is estimated at 21,500. StaffPensions Fund E f E f 942 Pensions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 960 834 Transfer from General Purposes Account .. . . 800 9 Miscellaneous . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. 9 188 Income from Investments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 174 76 Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance Sheet ..11 5 Deposit Interest .. .. .. *. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 E 1,027 PROCEEDINGS MARCH1957 83 ACCOUNTS DECEMBER, INCOME AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31~~ 1956 1955 Expenditure 1956 1955 Income 1956 Publications € € E E E E E E Journal of the Chemical Society Sales and Revenue from Advertisements 8,933 Salaries and General Expenses. . .. .. .. .. .. 11,471 37,516 Journal of the Chemical Society .. .. .. .. 37,634 33,683 Printing and Paper .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40,209 6,065 Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry .. .. .. 6,665 3,608 Distribution . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,8 17 4,886 Quarterly Reviews .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,647 -46,224 56,497 3,958 Current Chemical Papers .... .. .. .. .. 4,567 3,602 Annual Reports on the Progress of Chemistry .. .. .. .. 4,263 284 Miscellaneous . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 41 3 3,546 Quarterly Reviews . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,122 52,709 -54,926 ~ 4,320 Current Chemical Papers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,458 368 Income from Investments .. .. .. f. .. .. 368 Transfer from General Purposes Account Transfer from General Purposes Account 1,356 Capital improvements .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -1,691 Cost of free publications to Fellows under 27 years of age .. 2,235 Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance 5,500 Grants The Chemical Council . . .. .. .. .. .. 9,500 1,220 Sheet .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 980 Through The Royal Society Government Publications Grant . . .. .. .. 4,291 Wellcome Trust Grant .... .. .. .. 1,OOo 14,791 E60,268 &72,320 260,268 E72,320 -I -Special Publications Fund E f. f. E 694 Cost of Publications .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 1,630 601 Sales and Royalties .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,807 36 Miscellaneous .. .. .. . . 91 146 Income from Investments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 146 68 Balance being Excess of Income Over'Expenditure carried ;o Baiance Sheet . . 283 51 Deposit Interest .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 51 -E798 €2,004 -Libra4 E E E € E € E f. Capital Expenditure Contribution for Capital Expenditure 2,112 Books and Periodicals .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,239 2,601 Transfer from General Purposes Account .. 2,935 421 Binding . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 696 Contributions towards maintenance through the' Chemical Council 62 Furniture .... .. .. .. .. .. .. -1,133 Chemical Society .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,359 2,601 2,935 2,568 Royal Institute of Chemistry .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,113 Maintenance 843 Society of Chemical Industry .. .. .. .. .. .. 963 5,283 Salaries Superannuation etc. .. .. .. .. . . 6,692 308 Faraday Society .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 1 214 Re-binding .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 334 160 Society for Analytical Chemistry . . .. .. .. .. 217 774 House Expenses etc. .. .. .. .. .. . . 1,452 306 Biochemical Society . . .. .. .. .. .. 376 428 Stationery Postages and Office Expenses .. .. .. . . 447 1,311 Chemical Council (Direct Grantj . . .. .. .. .. 2,419 90 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 6,789 -8,959 6,629 8,798 Contributions from other sources 100 Association of British Chemical Manufacturers .... .. 100 50 Institute of Brewing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 50 10 Society of Dyers and Colourists .. .. .. .. .. 10 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 6,789 -8,959 f.9,390 61 1,894 €9,390-€1 1,894 - 84 PROCEEDINGS MARCH1957 85 THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY GENERAL BALANCE SHEET- 31ST DECEMBER, 1956 1955 Liabilities 1956 1955 Assets 1956 E E E E E 2 E E f. E 13,836 Sundry Creditors .. .. .. .. .. .. 10,286 Investments as per Schedule at cost or value when acquired Receipts in Advance 17,822 General Reserve . . .. .. .. .. .. 17,822 8,693 Fellows’ Subscriptions . . .. .. .. .. 8,388 Special Funds 18,111 Publications Sales . . .. .. .. .. .. 22,879 10,979 Publications.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10,979 26,804 31,267 4,011 Special Publications .. .. .. .. .. 4,011 24,339 General Reserve .. .. .. .. .. 29,339 5,176 Staff Pensions .. .. .. .. .. *. 5,176 20,166 Add Transfer from General Purposes Income and Expendi- 44,200 5,000 5,514 325 10,979 6,570 68 29,339 5,839 ture Account .. .. .. .. .. Life Composition Fees Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. Add Receipts during 1956 .. .. .. Special Funds Publications .. .. .. .. .. .. Special Publications- Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year Staff Pensions- .. .. .. .. .. . . 6,638 283 -5,839 96 10,979 6,921 29,339 5,935 43,487 81,475 8,078 6,74524,752 16,37 1 General Purposes .. .. .. .. .. .. Sundry Debtors .. .. .. .. .. ..Stock of Paper and Wrappers .. .. .. .. .. Treasury Bills at cost . . .. Balances at Banks (including Deposits)’ and Cash in’hand .. 82,188 24,873 5,657 19,758 13,043 5,407 8 76 23,108 Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. Add Profit on Change of Investments .. .. Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year Accumulated Fund .. .. .. 5,49 1 11 - 5,502 23,402 30,262 4,185 Balance at 1st January 1956 .. Add Sale of Surplus Library Books. . Bureau of Abstracts- .. .. .. .. .. .. 38,495 5,305 246 1,220 38,495 Provision not required . . .. .. Refund on Liquidation .. .. General Purposes . . .. .. .. Publications .. .. .. .. .. Profit on Change of Investmen;; .. .. Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year- .. .. .. .. .. 145 980 -365 1,125 45,290 El 37,421 €145,519 E137,421 E145,519 MICHAEL Honorary Treasurer.W. PERRIN We have examined the General Balance Sheet the Trust and Lecture Fund Balance Sheet and a=ompanyb Income and Expenditure Accounts with the Books and Vouchers of the Society and certify them to be in accordance therewith and in our opinion correct. We have also verified the Balances with the Bankers and Investments. FINSBURY Cmcus HOUSE W. B. KEEN& Co. BLQMFIELD STREET,E.C.2 Chartered Accountants. 5th March 1957. 86 PROCEEDINGS MARCH1957 87 TRUST AND LECTURE FUNDS INCOME ACCOUNTS 1956 AND EXPENDITURE FOR THE YEARENDED 31s~DECEMBER 1955 Expenditure 1956 1955 Income 1956 Centenary Fund E 2 E fi 1,270 Expenses of Lecturers and Delegates .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 497 932 Income from Investments .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 988 46 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 50 -Deposit Interest . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 -Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance Sheet .. .. 450 384 Balance being Excess of Expenditure over Income carried to Balance Sheet .. .. -E1,316 E997 E1,316 €997 -_-Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize Fund 2 E E E 210 Prize .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 210 309 Income from Investments .. ._ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 349 10 Medal .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5-Deposit Interest .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 27 Miscellaneous . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 62 Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance Sheet .. .. 99 -E309 E351 f.309 €351 Corday-Morgan Memorial Fund E E E E 400 Grant to the Corday-Morgan Memorial Fund Executive .... .. .. .. 500 549 Income from Investments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 550 9 Memorial Expenses (Clause 12 of the Will) . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 -Deposit Interest .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 27 Miscellaneous . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 113 Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance Sheet .. .. 17 E549 €554 Faraday Lecture Fund E E E E -Honorarium .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 17 Income from Investment . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 -Medal . . .. .. .. *. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 -Balance being Excess of Expenditure over Income carried to Balance Sheet . .. 15 1 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 16 Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance Sheet .. .. -El7 E32 Robert John Flintoff Trust f s E E 2 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 35 Income from Investments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 33 Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance Sheet .. .. -33 -E35 E35 E35 E35 ---= 88 PROCEEDINGSMARCH1957 89 INCOME AND EXPENDITUREACCOUNTSFOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER,1956 1955 Expenditure 1956 1955 Inconie 1956 Edward Frank Harrison Memorial Trust E 5 E f 2 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 18 47 Income from Investments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 47 45 - Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance Sheet .. .. 29 - 547 E47 E47 €47 - Research Fund s E i 5 668 Grants awarded .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 681 750 Income from Investments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 755 20 67 120 - Honorarium Longstaff Medallist .. .. .. .. .. .. Miscellaneous . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance Sheet .. .. .. .. .. .. 47 123 - 7 107 11 Deposit Tnterest .. .. Grants repaid or not claimed Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 77 5 - E875- €85 1 -&875 - 585 1- Special Lectures Fund E i f & f 52 Honoraria .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - 50 Income from Investment . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 50 -3 - Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried 10 Balance Sheet Miscellaneous .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48 2 5 Balance being Excess of Expenditure over Income carried to Balance Sheet .. .. - I_ s55 250 E55 €50- = Tilden Lecture Fund E 31 18 4 Honoraria .. Lecture Expenses Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. .. E 31 46 4 f 77 - .. .. .. .. .. ..Income from Investments .. Balance being Excess of Expenditure over Income carried to Balance Sheet .. . . .. .. f 76 5 24 - Balance being Excess of Income over Expenditure carried to Balance Sheet .. .. - - 5.77- E81 &77 - ES1- 90 PROCEEDINGSMARCH1957 91 TRUST AND LECTURE FUNDS BALANCE SHEET- 3 1ST DECEMBER,1956 1955 Liabilities 1956 1955 Assets 1956 f f f f E E s E E 29,106 1,026 403 383 1,003 30,132 19 5,943 Sundry Creditors .... I. .. .. .. Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. .. Add Contributions for the year . . .. .. .. Centenary Fund Capital Account- Income Account- Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. .. Deduct Excess of Expenditure over Income for the year Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year .. Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize Fund Capital Account- Income Account- Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. .. 30,132 1,031 19 450 - 31,163 469 5,933 914 31,632 29,1987,371 12,239 469 1,0001,101 23,923 1,6151,979 ~ 1,288 78,895 2,563 Sundry Debtors .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Investments as per Schedule at cost or value when acquired Centenary Fund .. .. .. .. Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize Fund . . .. .. Corday-Morgan Memorial Fund .... .. .. Faraday Lecture Fund .. .. .. .. .. Robert John Flintoff Trust .. .. .. .. Edward Frank Harrison Memoiial Trust .. .. .. Research Fund . . .. .. .. .. .. .. Special Lectures Fund . . .. .. .. .. .. Tilden Lecture Fund . . .. .. .. .. .. Balances at Banks (including Deposits). . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 29,1987,371 12,239 469 1,m1,101 23,923 1,615 1,979 329 78,8955,243 1,71262 1,774 10,188 Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. .. Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year .. Corday-Morgan Memorial Fund Capital Account- Income Account- Balance at 1st January 1956 .. I. .. .. 1,774 99 1,873 10,188 7,816 2,872 113 2,985 Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. .. Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year .. 2,985 17 3,002 13,190 501 16 - 517 Faraday Lecture Fund Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. .. Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year Deduct Excess of Expenditure over Income for the year .. .. . . .. .. .. 517 15 - 502 Robert John Flintoff Trust 1,066 33 1,099 Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. .. Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year Edward Frank Harrison Memorial Trust .. .. .. .. 1,09933 1,132 1,12645 1,171 Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. .. Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year Research Fund .. .. .. .. 1,17128 1,199 23,9391 20 1,745 5 - 24,059 1,740 Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. .. Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year Special Lectures Fund Balance at 1st January 1956 .. .. .. .. Deduct Excess of Expenditure over Income for the year Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year Tilden Lecture Fund ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24,059 123 1,740 48 - 24,182 1,788 2,09224 - 2,116 Balance at 1st January 1956 . . .. .. .. Add Excess of Income over Expenditure for the year Deduct Excess of Expenditure over Income for the year .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,116 4 - 2,112 -___ $32,746 f84,467- E82,746 284,467 92 PROCEEDINGSMARCH1957 93 SCHEDULEOF INVESTMENTSAT 31s~DECEMBER,1956 GENERAL FUNDS Cost or Cost or Value when Value when Nominal Details € Acquired.€ E Nominal Details Acquired.E E E1,500 0s. Od. €1,250 0s. Od. €1,165 0s. Od. E1,800 0s. Od. E1,OOO 0s. Od. 52,582 10s. 9d. €1,500 0s. Od. E1,OOO 0s. Od. &1,000 0s. Od. E1,OOO 0s. Od. €1,100 0s.Od. &l,OOO 0s. Od. €1,000 0s. Od. 1,100 22,260 19s. 9d. €l,OOo 0s. Od. E2,261 1s. lld. E2,175 13s. 4d. E2,OOO 0s. Od. E1,200 0s. Od. E982 12s. Od. €745 9s. 3d. E746 1s. Od. E750 0s. Od. f1,000 0s. Od. E1,000 0s. Od. 3% 3% 2*% 3&% 3% 3% 3% 39% 3&% 4% 4+% 4% 4*% 6% 39% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3&% 3% 3% 3&% 4% General Reserve Savings Bonds 1955/65 .. *. .. .. .. Funding Stock 1959/69 .. .. .. .. .. Funding Stock 1956/61 .. .. .. .. .. Defence Bonds (Conversion Issue) .. .. .. Sheffield Corporation Stock 1967/69 .. .. .. Liverpool Corporation Stock 1955/58 .. .. .. Ceylon Stock 1959/64 .. .. .. .. .. Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Ltd. Deb. Stock Covent Garden Propertie; Ltd. Red Deb.' Stock; Cable and Wkeless*(Holding) Lid 10year RA.' Uns&. Stock 1960 .. Nelson Financial Tkt Lid.Deb. Stock 1970 Dominion and General Trust Ltd. Red. Deb. Stock 1959/64 .. .. .. .. Rugby Portland Cement Co. Ltd. * Unsec. Stock,1957/62 .. .. .. .. .. British and Commonwealth Shipping Co. Ltd. Cum. Red. Pref. El shares .. .. .. .. .. (Market Value &15,801) 1961/63 .. .. 1968 Special Funds PUBLICATIONS Conversion Stock 1961 or after .. .. .. Savings Bonds 1955/65 . . .. .. .. .. Savings Bonds 1960/70 .. .. .. British Electricity Guaranteed Stock 1968/73 . . Southern Rhodesia Stock 1971/73 .. .. .. British Transport Guaranteed Siock 1978/88 .. .. .. Commonwealth of Australia Registered Stock 1964/66 (Market Value E8,910) SPECIALPUBLICATIONS Conversion Stock 1961 or after .. .. British Electricity Guaranteed Stock 1968/73 . . British Transport Guaranteed Stock 19;8/88 .... .. London County Consolidated Stock 1968/73 .. Government of the Fed. of Rhodesia and Nyasaland' ' Stock 1972/74 .. .. .. .. .. .. (Market Value E3,188) STAFFPENSIONS 1,4891,218 1,1691,789 963 2,647 1,439 1,020 951 1,015 982 987 1,040 1,113 1,567 1,000 2,2761,929 2,002 1,205 1,ooo 569 720 75 1 997 974 10,979 4,011 17,822 E2,609 14s. E2,Ooo 0s. E1,OOo 0s. E200 0s. E1,Ooo 0s. €4,747 4s. E2,546 1s. &2,053 7s. E2,425 8s. EA3,OOO 0s. E1,Ooo 0s. €766 0s. E1,Ooo 0s. &925 0s. E1,OOo 0s. 800 750 E500 0s. 1,Ooo€53 0s. 900 1,OOo€1,000 0s. 160 f484 0s. E50 0s. €300 0s. E580 0s. €150 0s. €640 0s. €400 0s. €396 0s. €533 0s. €600 0s. €275 0s. 250 1,500 500 600 1,OOo 4d. 34% Od. 3% Od. 3% Od. 34% Od. 33% 6d. 3% 5d. 4% 9d. 3% Od. 3+% Od. 4% Od. 33% Od. 4% Od. 4% Od. 5&% 6% 73% Od.8% 5% Od. 43% 6* % 5% Od. 49% Od. Od. od. Od. Od. Od. Od. Od. Od. Od. Od. 4d. t 3% Brought forward General Purposes Conversion Stock 1961 or after . . .. .. .. .. Savings Bonds 1965/75 . . .. .. .. .. .. Funding Stock 1959/69 .. .. .. .. .. .. Defence Bonds (Conversion Issue). . .. .. .. *. Defence Bonds .. .. .. .. British Electricity Guaranteed Stock 1968/73 .. .. .. Consolidated Stock 1957 or after. . .. .. Commonwealth of Australia Treasury Bonds 1961/64 .. Canadian Pacific Railway Perp. Deb. Stock .. .. .. London Trust Co. Ltd. Red. Deb. Stock .. .. a. Rolls-Royce Ltd. Red. Deb. Stock 1974/84 .. .. .. Olympia Ltd. 1st Mort. Red. Deb. Stock .. .. .. Wankie Colliery Co. Ltd. Mort. Deb. Stock .. .. .. Rotary Hoes Ltd. Red. Cum. Pref. El shares Scottish and Mercantile Investment Co.Ltd. Cum. Pref. El shares .. .. .. Bell London & Provincial Props. Ltd. Cum. Pref. €1 shares .. British Transport GuarantA Stock 1978i88 .. .. .. Commonwealth of Australia Registered Stock l964/66 .. .. .. .. British Petroleum Co.; Ltd.,' Cum. 'First Prif. StbLk .. Charterhouse Investment Trust Ltd. Cum. Pref. Stock J. & N. Phillips & Co. Ltd. Cum. Pref. €1 shares Geo. Sandeman & Sons Ltd. Cum. Pref. 51 shares London Midland Associated Properties Ltd. Cum. Pref. Stock Allen & Hanburys Ltd. Ord. El shares .. .. .. .. Cable & Wireless (Holding) Ltd. Ord. Stock .. .. .. Commercial Union Assurance Co. Ltd. Stock .. .. .. Goodlass Wall & Lead Industries Ltd. Ord. Stock Hawker Siddeley Group Ltd. Ord. €1 shares .. .. .. Leyland Motors Ltd. Ord. Stock .... Shell Transport and Trading Co. Ltd. Orb. Stock Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. Def. Sto[ck Tube Investments Ltd. Ord. Stock .. .. British Insulated Callender's Cables Ltd. Ord. Stock .. .. Trust Houses Ltd. Ord. El shares .. .. Consolidated Zinc Corporation Ltd. Ord. €1 shares .. .. Smiths Stamping Works (Coventry) Ltd. Ord. Stock .. .. West of England Sack Contractors Ltd. Ord. Stock .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Home and Colonial Stores Ltd. Ord. 6s 8d. shaies Charterhouse Investment Trust Ltd. Ord.'Stock ' .. .. .. .. .. .. John Shaw and Sons (Wolverhampton) Ltd. 5s. shares .. (Market Value 540,228) 2,045 2,006 973 199 1,0005,705 2,549 1,9782,435 2,553 838 576 1,007 853 1,149 840 940 779 884 35 930 938 775 521 593 58 1 497 594 1,000444 504 926 794 866 700 81 1 940 889 768 785 37,988 44,200 €119 El70 E1,Ooo &1,505E1,500E1,OOO 0s.0s. 0s. 0s. 0s. 0s. Id. Od. Od. Od. Od. Od. 34% 3% 36% 34% 3% 3&% Conversion Stock 1961 or after .. .. Savings Bonds 1955/65 .. .. .. .. Defence Bonds .. .. .. .. .. Defence Bonds (Conversion Issue) Sheffield Corporation Red. Deb. Stock,'1967;69Southern Rhodesia Stock 1955/65 .. .. (Market Value 24,673) .. .. .. .. . . .. 93 170 1,ooo1,4961,442975 5,176 20,166 E82,188 Carried forward .. E37,988 94 PROCEEDINGS MARCH1957 95 SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS AT 3 1ST DECEMBER, 1956 TRUST AND LECTURE FUNDS Cost or Cost or Value when Value when Nominal Details Acquired.E E Nominal Details Acquired.E E Centenary Fund Brought forward . . 48,808 E2,637 10s. 6d. €2,477 13s. lld. €2,500 0s.Od. &2,705 18s. 7d. &2,279 13s. Od. €2,500 0s. Od. 54,933 15s. 1 Id. €2,302 19s. 6d. €1,540 2s. 7d. 51,970 1s. Od. 51,716 15s. 2d. &A3,5000s. Od. 3&% 3% 3% 2Q% 3% 3% 4% 4"36 %"/ %% 3+% 3%" Conversion Stock 1961 or after .. .. .. .. .. Savings Bonds 1955/65 .. .. .. .. .. .. Savings Bonds 1960/70 .. .. .. .. .. .. Savings Bonds 1964/67 .. .. .. British Electricity Guaranteed Stock 1968/73 . . .. .. Consolidated Stock 1957 or after Glasgow Corporation Stock 1966/68 .. .. .. .. New Zealand Stock 1973/77 .. .. .. .. .. Northern Ireland Stock 1969/71 .. .. .. British Transport Guaranteed Stock 1978/S8 .. .. .. .. Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Ltd. Deb. Siock 1975/78 .. Commonwealth of Australia Treasury Bonds 1961/64 .. .. (Market Value &23,573) 2,300 2,4922,534 2,500 2,237 2,499 4,5002,000 1SO0 21000 1,700 2,936 29,198 E473 8s.2523 2s. 5545 19s. 9d. 2d. 4d. 34 % 3&% 3% Faraday Lecture Fund Conversion Stock 1961 or after .. .. (Market Value 5334) Robert John Flintoff Trust Conversion Stock 1961 or after .. British Transport Guaranteed Stock 1978/88(Market Value E743) .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 500 500 469 1,o@) Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize Fund E1,951 8s. 2.d. 5635 3s. 1Od. E640 15s. 5d. E774 6s. 3d. €137 10s. Od. €137 10s. Od. E300 0s. Od. €134 0s. Od. €258 0s. Od. E206 0s. Od. 583 0s. Od. f240 0s. Od. El04 0s. Od. &1,530 2s. 5d. 21,973 16s. lld. E477 1s. 1Od. E1,062 10s. lld. $413 13s. 7d. E217 12s. 6d. E1,035 0s. 7d. €137 10s. Od. E300 0s. Od. E1,Ooo 0s. Od. E300 0s. Od. €340 0s. Od. €108 0s. Od. E309 0s. Od. E206 0s.Od. El60 0s. Od. El08 0s. Od. 269 0s. Od. 68 34 % 3% 4% 3% 3% 34-% 3&% 3' "/ 3% 3% 4% 3% 3% 44 % 4a % 4% 3s % 44 % 39 2 War Stock 1952 or after . . .. British Transport Guaranteed Stock 1978;88 Consolidated Stock 1957 or after. . British Guiana Government Stock 1975/80Federated Malay States Government Stock 1960j70Bournemouth Corporation Red. Stock 1958/62 .. Hertfordshire County Red. Stock 1954/59 .. Barclays Bank (D. C. & O.) " A " Ord. Stock .. Mitchells & Butlers Ltd. Ord. Stock Watney Combe Reid & Co. Ltd. Def. Ord. Stock Imperial Tobacco Co. (G.B. & I.) Ltd. Ord. Stock Cardinal Investment Trust Ltd. Def. Stock Commercial Union Assurance Co. Ltd. Stock .. .. .. (Market Value f6,985) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Corday-Morgan Memorial Fund Conversion Stock 1961 or after .. .. .. War Stock 1952 or after .. .. British Electricity Guaranteed Stock 1968/73 .. British Gas Guaranteed Stock 1990/95 .. .. Consolidated Stock 1957 .. .. London County Consolidated Stock 1962j67 .. RedemDtion Stock. 1986/96 .. .. .. Kenya Government Stock 1961/71 .. .. .. New Zealand Government Stock 1970/73 Hull Corporation Red. Stock 1973/75 .. .. .. Alliance Trust Ltd. Deb. Stock 1956 or after .. .. Barclays Bank Ltd. "B " Ord. Stock .. .. .. Benskins Watford Brewery Ltd. Ord. Stock .. .. H. & G. Simmonds Ltd. Ord. Stock .. Thomas Tilling Ltd. Ord. Stock .. London & Lancashire Insurance Co. Ltd.; Ord.'Stock ' Phoenix Assurance Co. Ltd. Ord. 21 shares .. .. South Staffordshire Waterworks Red. Pref. Stock; 1971' ' Imperial Tobacco Co.(G.B. & I.) Ltd. Ord. Stock . . (Market Value €10,303) Carried forward .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 1,826 575 648 690 1 20 134 298 201 714 597 263 291 1,014 1,426 1,88045 1 894 413 208 929 149 299 1,047 304 344 237 685 824 107 448 1,088 506 7,371 261 15s. 8d. 51,489 10s. 6d. €4,177 16s. Id. f500 0s. Od. &1,835 0s. Od. f1,500 0s. Od. €4,000 0s. Od. &3,755 2s. Id. 53,719 8s. 2d. E4,OOO 0s. Od. E1,116 7s. Od. 51,669 17s. 3d. E419 4s. 1Od. 2220 0s. Od. E792 10s. 8d. 186 12,239 U8,808 34% 3% 34% 4% 23 % 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3 % 3% 3% 3% Edward Frank Harrison Memorial Trust Conversion Stock 1961 or after .. .. .. .. British Transport Guaranteed Stock 1978/88 . . .. .. (Market Value 51,064) Research Fund Conversion Stock 1961 or after .... .. .. .. Defence Bonds .. .. .. .. .. .. Savings Bonds 1955/65 .. .. .. .. .. .. Savings Bonds 1960/70 .. .. .. British Electricity Guaranteed Stock 1968/73 New Zealand Stock 1973/77 .. .. .. .. .. Funding Stock 1956/61 .. .. .. .. .. .. British Transport Guaranteed Stock 1978;88 .. .. .. Commonwealth of Australia Registered Stock 1964/66 .. .. (Market Value E18,919) Special Lectures Fund British Transport Guaranteed Stock 1978/88 .. .. .. Tilden Lecture Fund Funding Stock 1959/69 .. .. .. National Provincial Bank Ltd. "B " Shares E5 each Ei 'paid .. Metropolitan Water Board (Kent Water Works) Deb. Stock .. (Market Value E1,637) (Market Value E1,144) British Transport Guaranteed Stock 1978;88 .. .. 50 1,05 1 3,626 500 1,835 1,515 4,060 3,5683,724 4,015 1,080 387 725 679 188 1,101 23,923 1,615 1,979 E78,895 PROCEEDINGS COMMUNICATIONS The Photochemistry of Prednisone Acetate By D.H. R. BARTON and W. C. TAYLOR (THE UNIVERSITY W.2) GLASGOW IT has been shown1 that irradiation of santonin (I) CH,.OAc in aqueous acetic acid with ultraviolet light gives the 60 guaianolide derivative (11). Under the same condi- tions prednisone acetate (IIQ2 gives the photo-analogue (IV) m.p. (from methanol) 240-243" [a], + 134" (c 0.51 in CHCl,) A,,,. 233 mp (E 15,500 in EtOH) infrared bands (in CHCl solu- tion) at 1740 (acetate) 1723 (20-ketone) 1685 (H-bonded 1 1-ketone and cyclopentenone) and 1609 cm.-l (conjugated ethylenic linkage) (Found C 66.0; H 7-4; Ac 10.7. C23H3007 requires C 66.0; H 7.25 ; 1 Ac 10-4 %) [2:4-dinitrophenylhydrazone m.p.(from chloroform-methanol) 270-275 O Amax. assigned is based on analogy the data cited the fact 391 mp (E 29,500 in CHCI,)]. The constitution (IV) that dihydroallocortisone acetate was recovered un- changed after irradiation for three times as long under the same conditions and the following critical experiment (cf. ref. 1). Ozonolysis of the product (IV) in chloroform at -50" gave the y-lactone (V) m.p. 143-145" [cc] + 128" (c 0.66 in CHCl& infrared bands (in CHCl solution) at 1768 (y-lactone) 1740 (acetate) and 1712 cm.-l (1 1-ketone 20-ketone and cycloheptanone) (Found C 62.6 ;H 6.6. C,,H,,O requires C 62.8; H 6.7%)). Both products (IV) and (V) gave positive Dische colour tests3 for the corticosteroid side chain.We thank Messrs. Glaxo Laboratories Ltd. for Fellowship support (W.C.T.). (Received February 20th 1957.) Barton de Mayo and Shafiq J. 1957,929. Herzog Payne Jevnik Gould Shapiro Oliveto and Hershberg J. Arner. Chem. SOC.,1955 77 4781 ; Nobile, Charney Perlman Herzog Payne Tully Jevnik and Hershberg ibid. p. 4184. Clark Nature 1955 175 123. The Action of Ionising Radiations on Aqueous Solutions of Ethylene and Acetylene in the Presence of Oxygen By P. G. CLAY,G. R. A. JOHNSON, and J. WEISS (KING'SCOLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM UPON TYNE,1) NEWCASTLE SOLUTIONS of ethylene and acetylene for irradiation hydrogen peroxide acetaldehyde formaldehyde were prepared by de-aerating triply distilled water and glycollaldehyde.Presence of an unidentified and saturating it with the hydrocarbon or with a organic hydroperoxide was established. The yields known mixture of the hydrocarbon and oxygen at as a function of total radiation dose have been a total pressure of 1 atm. The solutions were measured and the dependence of the initial yields irradiated with X-rays (200 kv; 15 mA) or with at pH 1.2 on the [ethylene]/[oxygen] ratio over the Co60 y-rays at dose rates of 2.1 x lo1' ev ml.-l range 0.11-9.0 and on pH are in the Tables and min.-l and 6.0 x 10l6 ev ml.-l min.-l respectively. indicate that a chain reaction is not involved here. Total doses used were between 2.4 x 1017 and At pH 1.2 ([C,H,]/[O,] = 0.33) the yields of the 4.2 x 10l8 ev ml.-l. products were a linear function of dose up to the Irradiation of ethylene-oxygen solutions gave point at which all of the oxygen initially present in MARCH1957 [Ethylene] Yields as G-values (molecules/ 100 ev) [Oxygen] A I---Me-CHO+ -I CH20 HO-CH2CH0 H202 R*02H 0.11 1.9 1.5 2.8 0-6 3-0 3.1 2.1 2.5 0-4 9.0 3.3 2-0 2.4 0.3 Yields as G-values (molecules/ 100 ev) MeCHO+ PH CH2O HO-CH2CH0 H202 1-2 3.1 2.1 2.5 5-5 1.4 2.2 2.2 solution was used up; after this the yields were equal to those found in solutions irradiated in the absence of oxygen.From the position of this "break point" the oxygen consumption was found to correspond to G = ca. 5-0-6.0. In the presence of ferrous sulphate (10-3~), the yield of total aldehyde was increased from a value of G = 1.6 to G = 5.7.The yield of ferric salt produced under these conditions was greater than in the absence of ethylene for example at 10-3~-ferrous sulphate and pH = 1.2 GF~~+ = 23.0 in ethylene-oxygen solutions (1 :1 ; 1 atm.) compared with GF~~+15.5 in the absence of ethylene. = In ethylene solutions irradiated in the absence uf oxygen no formaldehyde or glycollaldehyde could be detected but the formation of acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde has been established. A white solid probably a polymer of ethylene was also obtained particularly at higher radiation doses. The yield of total aldehyde was greater in acid solutions and was increased in the presence of ferric salt. In acetylene-oxygen solutions the major radiation product was glyoxal.Hydrogen peroxide and small quantities of an organic hydroperoxide were also found. For hydrogen peroxide a value of C = 2.6 was found. The yields of glyoxal were relatively high (G = 8-10) and depended on the ratio [acetylene]/ [oxygen]. This seems to indicate the occurrence of a chain reaction leading to glyoxal formation. We thank the Director of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment Harwell for support of this work and permission to publish this com-munication. (Received December 20th 1956.) A l-Pyrroline N-Oxides By R. F. C. BROWN,V. M. CLARK TODD and Sir ALEXANDER (UNIVERSITY LABORATORY, CHEMICAL CAMBRIDGE) MONOMERIC aliphatic nitrones have not previously been reported in the literature; thus the oxidation of N-hydroxypiperidine does not give the expected cyclic nitrone but a product to which the dimeric structure (I) has been assigned.l In other cases aldol- Me& -CH,-C -Me (1) c,>o Ph*k*OH Ph-N-0 II type dimers are obtained; acetone and phenyl-hydroxylamine give the dimer (11),2 and the con- densation product of n-butyraldehyde and phenyl- hydroxylamine3 has been reported to be of the same type.l We now report the synthesis of two monomeric alicyclic nitrones 2:4 :4-trimethyl- (111) and 4:5 :5-trimethyl-d l-pyrroline 1-oxide (IV).The former (111) was obtained by reduction of 4:4-dimethyl-5-nitropentan-Zone4(V) with zinc dust and cold aqueous ammonium chloride and 4 :5 :5-trimethyl-A'-pyrroline 1-oxide (IV) was simi- larly prepared by reduction of 3 :4-dimethyl-4-nitro-pentanal.2 :4 :4-Trimethyl-A1-pyrroline 1-oxide is an extremely hygroscopic oil b.p. 72"/0-4 mm. Amax. 229 mp (E 9,OOO) vmax. 1613 cm.-l which can be characterised as the picrate m.p. 114" and the methiodide mp. 109" (decomp.). The pyrroline 1-oxide structure is immediately suggested by the method of synthesis and is confirmed by its reduc- tion with sulphur dioxide in chloroform to 2:4:4-trimethyl-dl-pyrroline. This pyrroline was synthes- ised unambiguously by hydrogenation of the ethylene ketal of the nitro-ketone (V) with Raney nickel in ethanol followed by acidic hydrolysis of the ketal group. With potassium borohydride in aqueous solu- Me tion the 2:4:4-trimethyl compound (111) is reduced to 1 -hydroxy-2 :4 :4-trimethylpyrrolidine and with Me Me zinc dust and dilute acetic acid reduction proceeds MeGIMeMF 1 N02co-Me further to 2 :4 :4-trimethylpyrrolidine.ldIlj 0 (IV) (V) Thesing and Mayer Chem. Ber. 1956 89 2159. Banfield and Kenyon J. 1926 1612. Utzinger and Regenass Helv. Chim. Acta 1954 37 1892. Kloetzel J. Amer. Chem. SOC.,1947 69 2271. The tobacco-smoke constituent myosmine (VI) has recently been synthesised by hydrogenation of the nitro-ketone (VII) with Raney nickel in ethan01.~ Reduction of the nitro-ketone with iron and water containing one equivalent of sulphuric acid how- ever gave a hygroscopic solid base C,H,,ON, characterised as the picrate which was not investi- Stein and Burger ibid.1957 79 154. PROCEEDINGS gated further. In view of our results this base is presumably the N-oxide (VIII). The 2-methyl group of the N-oxide (111) undergoes base-catalysed condensations with aromatic alde- hydes and the example of dimer (11) indicates that the nitrone grouping itself may behave as an electrophilic system for the addition of those carbanions derived from nitrone-activated methyl groups. Accordingly we have been able to bring about the base-catalysed addition of the N-oxide (110 to (IV) and further examples will be detailed elsewhere. (Received,February 18th 1957.) The Conversion of Acetic Acid into Griseofdvin in Peniciflium griseofulvum Dierckx By A. J. BIRCH,R. A. MASSY-WESTROPP and HERCHEL R.W. RICKARDS SMITH (DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER) I eH 241,800 + ‘60H (178,7001 174,800 (238.200) MeO\ * OH *-CI Me 4 1 IT was suggested in 1953l that griseofulvin (I) is a substance elaborated biosynthetically by head-to- tail linkage of acetic acid units. It is particularly attractive for biochemical examination since it con- tains a carbon ring of phloroglucinol type and another of (potential) orcinol type. Biochemical support for our suggestion would thus go far to establish the general validity ot the theory with natural substances containing both types of ring. [carboxy-14C]Acetic acid was incorporated to the extent of at least 10%into the substance under our experimental conditions. The degradations carried out are given schematically.The relative specific activities were measured by Popjak’s method. The figures given are the products of the molecular Birch and Donovan Austral. J. Chem. 1953,6,360. Popjak Biuchem. J. 1950,46,560. 57,810 J 592 (0)kCo3 t59*5eo) weight of the substance and the counts per 100 seconds obtained for an infinitely thick sample of 1 cross-sectional area. They are thus linearly proportional to the respective molar specific activities and agree within the limits of experimental error with values (in parenthesis) calculated on the basis of the activity of griseofulvin. These results are so conclusive that no further doubt can be entertained as to the essential validity of the acetic acid theory. We are indebted to the University of Manchester for a Science Research Scholarship (R.A.M.-W.) and to the C.S.1.RO.for a Studentship (R.W.R.). (Received,February 20th 1957.) MARCH1957 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Dear Sir Chemical Publications May I as a practising chemist and a member of the three principal British societies which publish chemical matter namely the Chemical Society the Society of Chemical Industry and the Royal Institute of Chemistry take up some of your space with some reflections provoked by more recent developments in the publications of those three bodies. With the advent of the Proceedings of the Chemical Society in its elegant new garb it is now possible to address a letter to the Editors of all three of the Societies’ news Journals-Chemistry & Industry the Journal of the R.I.C.and the Proceedings of the Chemid Society-in the hope that it will thereby reach members of all three Societies. I do not know how many chemists receive all three but I suspect it is around 5,000. They will no doubt bear with fortitude the triple submission and (we hope) appearance of this letter since they will be accus-tomed to seeing items replicated in many Journals both scientific and technical. t The blunt question I wish to ask is this. Do our chemical publications in this country serve the needs of chemists as well as they could? Are we getting value for money? Are we not moving towards the situation where rivalry and prestige is putting more words into print than we can afford? Is not the situation somewhat parallel to the defence problem of the English-speaking peoples where it has at last been realised that we have more men in uniform than we can afford and that we can probably get better value for money by more rational methods ? Now we as chemists see our subscriptions rise steadily just as we as citizens see our taxes rise; but are we not as chemists in a better position to do something about it? Need we continue to force our own subscriptions up by competing among ourselves? It is not merely a question of money but also and more important one of service to the chemist.Every increase in the number and volume of scientific publications is a further incursion on the chemist’s time-w hether direct or indirect.It may be he or one of his juniors who has to see yet another Journal or it may be that it is just another publication for the library and abstractors to handle. Each alone is not much but the cumulative effect is great. There is no real remedy but I throw out a suggestion which will no doubt be received in the same way as suggestions for surrender of a small measure of National sovereignty. Could not Chemistry & Industry be so transformed as to serve all chemists in all three bodies (and many others outside)? Why should not some pages be placed at the disposal of the Institute for its affairs? Some for Chemical Society affairs ? Original com- munications need not be split between two Journals as will now be the case.News items could be genuine news instead of history as they must be if they wait for the appearance of a monthly Journal. Similarly the advertisement of jobs in a monthly Journal seems particularly futile when the weekly Journals and daily press already carry so many of them. The best of the interesting articles in the Journal of the R.I.C. and the Proceedings could well displace from Chemistry & Industry the long drawn out serials on the chemistry of bacon anti-cholin- esterase corrosion and the like which could go where they rightly belong in a series of small mono- graphs for the specialists. Chemistry & Industry would then be clear for some top class scientific journalism reporting and interpreting advances in highly specialised fields to the chemists who specialise in other fields.We could then have one good chemical news Journal to read once a week. Is this an idle dream? Is not the time ripe for some stocktaking by all three bodies to see if closer co- operation on this and other matters might not be to the interests of all chemists? Might not a tripartite meeting in Belgravia Russell Square or Burlington House be as timely as that other meeting in Bermuda? I realise that this touches on one small part of the whole problem of chemical literature but the part problem might be more easily soluble than the whole. Since I should like this subject treated objectively and dispassionately by the many chemists who may know me may I sign myself “MATTHEW BRAMBLE.” [The printing number for Proceedings is 12,400.Of the 8,939 Fellows of the Chemical Society in the summer of 1956 1,990 belonged also to the Society of Chemical Industry and the Royal Institute of Chemistry. 4,670 Fellows of the Chemical Society did not belong to either of the other two chartered bodies. The reasons for the new form of Proceedings were outlined by the President in his introduction to the January issue and many letters welcoming the change have been received.-E~.] 100 PROCEEDINGS NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS Library.-The Library will be closed for the Easter Holiday from 1 p.m. Thursday April ISth until 10 a.m. Wednesday April 24th 1957. Society Meetings 1957/58.-Scientific meetings of the Society will be held in London on the following dates 1957; October 17th November 7th November 21st December 12th; 1958 January 16th February 13th February 27th March 13th May Sth June 5th.Details will be published in due course. The Anniversary Meetings will be held in Bristol from March 3 1st to April 2nd 1958. International Congress of Surface Activity.-Fellows are reminded that the Second International Congress of Surface Activity will take place in London on April 8-12th 1957. A very comprehensive programme of lectures has been prepared to cover the full field of surface activity. A series of works visits has also been arranged. The papers will all be printed and circulated to members of the Congress in advance; they will be discussed in groups after a brief introduction by the authors.The membership fee for the Congress is &4 and application forms or further details may be obtained from any member of the committee or from the Hon. Secretary 2nd International Congress of Surface Activity 14 Belgrave Square London S.W.1. Symposium on the Scientific Background of Testing Elastomers Fibres and P1astomers.-This sym-posium will be held in Paris on July 25-26th 1957 under the aegis of the Division of Plastics and High Polymers of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It will deal mainly with the relationship between the physical chemistry and the testing (with special reference to standardisation) of elastomers fibres and plastomers based on their structure.Further information can be obtained from the Secretary Professor P. Dubois 292 Rue St.-Martin Paris 3. Congress on Clinical Chemistry.-The Second International European Congress on Clinical Chem- istry will be held in Stockholm on August 19-23rd 1957 under the auspices of the Swedish Society for Clinical Chemistry and La Federation Internationale de Chimie Clinique. The Congress will cover the field of clinical chemistry in its broad sense. Some prominent scientists will be invited to give introductory lectures on the following topics Enzymes of diagnostic value in clinical chemistry; the influence of hormones on the electrolyte metabolism; chromatographic methods and their clinical application ; and clinical chemistry of the polysaccharides.Those who wish to read short papers on these or other topics in clinical chemistry are cordially invited to do so. In connection with the Congress there will be an exhibition of commercial laboratory instruments. Further information can be obtained from the organising committee headquarters Box 12024 Stockholm 12 Sweden. Plant Phenolics Group.-An informal group of chemists and biologists will be inaugurated at a meeting to be held in the Botany School Cambridge at 11.00-1 1.30 a.m. on April 9th 1957 when a number of papers will be presented under the general heading “Oxidation of Plant Phenolics.” Membership of the Group is open to all interested without fee. Details may be obtained from Dr. E. C. Bate-Smith Low Temperature Research Station Downing Street Cambridge.Election of New Fellows.-1 14 Candidates whose names were published in the Proceedings for January were elected to the Fellowship on February 14th 1957. Deaths.-The death occurred at his home on February 20th of Sir John Simonsen D.Sc. F.R.S. distinguished for his contributions to terpene chem- istry. Sir John Simonsen who after holding a number of appointments in India became Professor of Chemistry at Bangor and later Director of Colonial Products Research served the Society as a Member of Council as Vice-president and as Honorary Secretary. An obituary notice will be published. The death is also announced of Professor R. G. Couceiro da Costa of the University of Coimbra Portugal; of Mr.G. E. ReynoZds (13.12.56) of Rom- ford Essex; of Dr. A. Wolf(13.2.57) Chairman and Managing Director of Victor Wolf Ltd. Manchester; and of MY.F. S. Wood (28.1.57) of Hull a Fellow of the Society for over 50 years. Personal.-Dr. J. F. J. Dippy is relinquishing his appointment as Head of the Department of Chem- istry at Chelsea Polytechnic on his appointment to the post of Principal of the Bradford College of Advanced Technology. Dr. Dippy takes up his new appointment in March. MARCH1957 Dr. G. W.Kenner Director of Studies in the Natural Sciences at Trinity Hall and university Lecturer at Cambridge University has been ap- pointed to the Heath Harrison Chair of Organic Chemistry at the University of Liverpool which will be vqcated by Professor Alexander Robertson F.R.S.at the end of the present session. Dr. W. B. Whalley has been appointed to a Readership and Dv. R. J. S. Beer to a Senior Lectureship in the Department of Organic Chemistry at Liverpool from October 1st next. Professor Melvin S. Newman of the Ohio State University Columbus Ohio will be visiting Ful- bright Lecturer in the Chemistry Department of the University of Glasgow for the Whitsun Term. He expects to arrive in mid-April and leave in mid-July. Although centred in Glasgow he hopes to visit other Universities in Great Britain. Professor Francesco Giordani Professor of General and Inorganic Chemistry in Naples University Vice- President of the National Academy of Lincei in Rome has been appointed President of the National Research Council of Italy.He takes the place of Professor Gustavo Colonnetti who held the office of President of the CNR from December 1944 to November 1956. The President has congratulated the following who have completed 50 years of Fellowship Alfred Frederick Allen (London E.C.4) Henry Bassett (Reading) John Christie (Lewes) William Smith Denham (Leeds 16) George Fowles (London S.W. 13) Ernest Wilfrid Jackson (Middlesbrough) FORTHCOMING SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS London Thursday May 9th 1957 at 7.30 p.m. Centenary Lecture “Structural Evidence regarding the Solid Addition Compounds of Ethers and Amines with Halogens and Other Molecules acting as Electron Acceptors,” by Professor 0.Hassel. To be given in the Rooms of the Society Burlington House W.l. Birmingham Friday May loth 1957 at 4.30 p.m. Centenary Lecture “Structural Evidence regarding the Solid Addition Compounds of Ethers and Amines with Halogens and other Molecules acting as Electron Acceptors,” by Professor 0. Hassel. Joint Meeting with Birmingham University Chemical Society. To be held in the Chemistry Department The University. Bristol Wednesday April loth to Friday April 12th 1957. Symposium “Trace Elements in Soils Plants and Animals.” Joint Meeting with the Royal Institute of Chemistry and the Agricultural Group of the Society of Chemical Industry. To be held at Long Ashton Agricultural Research Station. Cambridge Tuesday April 9th to Friday April 12th 1957.Anniversary Meetings. A full programme has been circulated to Fellows. Monday May 6th 1957 at 8.30 p.m. Lecture “Enzymic Syntheses of Higher Sacchar- ides,” by Professor E. J. Bourne Ph.D. F.R.I.C. To be given in the University Chemical Laboratory Lensfield Road. Irish Republic Monday April Ist 1957 at 7.45 p.m. Lecture “The Chemical Revolution in Textile Technology,” by Professor J. B. Speakman D.Sc. F.T.I. F.R.I.C. Joint Meeting with the Institute of Chemistry of Ireland Royal Institute of Chemistry and the Society of Chemical Industry. To be held at University College Galway. Friday May loth 1957 at 7.45 p.m. Lecture “Organic Semiconductors,” by Professor D. D. Eley M.Sc. Ph.D. Joint Meeting with the Werner Society.To be held in the University Chemical Laboratory Trinity College Dublin. LeedS Monday April Sth 1957 at 6.30 p.m. Informal Lecture and Colloquium by Professor H . Brockmann. To be held in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre The University. Manchester Wednesday April 3rd 1957 at 6.30 p.m. Centenary Lecture “Photodynamically Active Natural Pigments,” by Professor H. Brockmann. To be given in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre The University. Newcastle and Durham Friday April 5th 1957 at 5.30 p.m. Centenary Lecture “Photodynamically Active Natural Pigments,” by Professor H. Brockmann. To be given in the Chemistry Building King’s College Newcastle upon Tyne. Northern Ireland Tuesday April 23rd 1957 at 7.45 p.m.Meeting for the Reading of Original Papers. Joint Meting with the Royal Institute Of and the Society of Chemical Industry. To be held at Queen’s University Belfast. St. Andrew’s and Dundee Friday April 12th 1957 at 5.15 p.m. Lecture “The Chemical and Antituberculosis Acti- vity of some New Phenazines,” by Dr. V. C. Barry F.R.I.C. Joint Meeting with the University Chemical Society. To be held in the Chemistry Department St. Salvator’s College St. Andrew’s. PROCEEDINGS Friday April 26th 1957 at 5.15 p.m. Lecture “Some Bimolecular Gas Reactions,” by Mr. A. F. Trotman-Dickenson. Joint Meeting with the University Chemical Society To be held in the Chemistry Department St. Salvator’s College St. Andrew’s. Southampton Friday April 5th 1957 at 7 p.m.Lecture “Many-centre Bonds,” by Professor €3. C. Longuet-Higgins M.A. D.Phi1. Joint Meeting with the Portsmouth and District Chemical Society and the Royal Institute of Chemistry. To be held at the College of Technology Anglesea Road Portsmouth. OBITUARY NOTICE HAROLD PICTON 1867-1956 HAROLDPICTON, who died on March 21st 1956 at Watford in his 89th year was a man of unusually varied interests and achievements. He secured for himself a place in chemical history by his pioneer work on colloidal solutions. He was born on July 17th 1867 the second son of J. A. Picton a Unitarian Minister who was for 10 years Liberal M.P. for Leicester. His grandfather was Sir James Picton antiquary and architect a promi- nent citizen of Liverpool and the first Chairman of its Library Museum and Arts Committee.After graduating with honours at University College London Picton became a research worker in Sir William Ramsay’s laboratory collaborating with a fellow student S. E. Linder. A study of the composition of the precipitated sulphides of many of the heavy metals showed that nearly all contained an excess of sulphur (of the order 5-10%) which was present as hydrogen sulphide and was slowly re- moved by heat. The observation that when hydrogen sulphide was passed into a suspension of the sulphide or hydroxide of the metal in water a stable clear solution was formed led Picton and Linder to study the resulting sols. After a preliminary paper by Picton a series of joint papers were published in the Society’s Journal between 1892 and 1905 under the title “Solution and Psendo-solution.” A wide range of sols was examined but particular attention was given to those of arsenious sulphide which were pre- pared in several grades.The first of these was a clear stable sol but the high power of a microscope re- vealed in it particles in rapid Brownian movement. In a second grade of sol no particles could be seen microscopically but careful tests showed that the sulphide did not diffuse. On the other hand marked diffusion was found within a few days with a third and finer preparation. The arsenious sulphide in this sol was however unable to pass through a porous pot. Finally a sol was obtained which diffused exten- sively and passed through porous pot and yet this like all the others still gave the Tyndall effect when a beam of light was passed through it and the scattered light was found to be completely polarised.A careful and extensive study was made of the coagulation of these sols by metallic salts and acids. Tervalent metals such as aluminium and ferric iron were the most effective coagulants bivalent metals having about one-tenth of the effect and univalent metals less than one-five hundredth. Thus the higher the valency of the positive ion the greater was its precipitating action. As Professor W. C. Mc. C. Lewis’ wrote “This is known as the Hardy-Schulze law. It might perhaps more legitimately be known as the Schulze-Linder-Picton-Hardy law.” Although Picton’s papers contain many references to earlier or contemporary work no mention is made of Schulze’s papers and it would seem that he was not aware of them.In assessing the coagulating power of salts Picton recognised the importance of their degree of dissocia-tion. Similar experiments with colloidal ferric hydroxide showed that coagulation varied with the Lewis “Systems of Physical Chemistry,” Longinans Green & Co. London 2nd Edn. Vol. I p. 342. MARCH1957 valency of the negative ion :sulphates were 240 times as effective as chlorides. Picton and Linder were the first to demonstrate the migration of colloidal particles in an electric field the arsenious sulphide moving to the anode and ferric hydroxide to the cathode.In the coagulation of arsenious sulphide by barium chloride careful analysis showed that barium was carried down with the precipitate while chloride remained in solution. These workers also demonstrated the mutual precipitation of oppositely charged colloids. This work was characterised by great care and attention to detail. Observations were made on freezing point osmotic pressure density and surface tension and on change of volume and possible heat effects on coagulation. It clearly laid the foundation of much of the modern view of suspensoid colloidal systems. In consequence of the Society’s habit of arranging authors’ names in alphabetical order this work has usually been quoted as due to Linder and Picton but it is clear that Picton was in fact the leader of the team.He was a life-long fellow of the Chemical Society which he joined in 1890. S. E. Linder did not join the Society he was afterwards personal assistant to several successive holders of the office of Chief Inspector of Alkali Works. After a few years as science master at Parmiter’s School Victoria Park Picton in 1900 joined my father the Rev. J. E. Bennett who had opened a small boarding school for boys Clacton College and shortly afterwards succeeded him as its headmaster. This was a remarkable school which anticipated some modern trends in education and aimed at developing the physical mental and spiritual aspects of personality in a well-balanced whole. A family spirit was developed both in and out of the class- room.Discipline was strict but kindly and was based on rules laid down by an elected school council. On this body all classes were represented but the repre- sentation was weighted towards the upper school. This device of self-government had previously been used with success by my father in a private school at Peckham some 20 years earlier. Particularly with the younger boys the teaching aimed at getting them to find things out for them- selves rather than merely to absorb cut and dried information. Picton himself took the classes in ele- mentary biology physics and chemistry applying the heuristic methods advocated by H. E. Armstrong. French and German were taught by the direct method and conversation at selected meal-times was in one or other of these languages.Picton also taught English and History and his handling of the latter subject was particularly vivid with considerable use of original sources in a detailed treatment of certain selected periods. Practical outdoor work in simple surveying was included in the mathematics teaching. The boys took no outside examinations until near the end of their school life when they often entered for London Matriculation or other first professional examinations. Games were played but were not over-emphasised and boys were encouraged to develop various other outdoor activities and hobbies. For example they became interested in medieval architecture heraldry and monumental brasses. They also spent two periods every week at work in the school vegetable garden.At the half-term holiday an expedition was usually arranged to some place of historic interest in East Anglia. Apart from all sorts of animals kept as pets a sea aquarium and a freshwater vivarium were maintained. The boys also became interested in pre- historic remains and they collected a number of worked flints and mammalian bones teeth and horns from the Pleistocene deposit on the Clacton foreshore. This section of the school museum was afterwards presented to Charterhouse School. The school was closed in 1912. From his mother (nbe Jessie C. Williams) who had been brought up in Hamburg Picton acquired a deep love of Germany. From 1914 onwards he strove to promote a better understanding between the Germans and the British and this became one of his main interests for the rest of his life.For six years he lived near Berlin but returned to England in 1934 after the rise of Hitler. From that time in numerous writings and lectures he exposed the horrors and dangers of the Nazi regime but always insisted that the whole German nation should not be condemned for the crimes of the Nazis. He worked untiringly to help refugees who had escaped from Germany and a few months before his death he received from Professor Heuss President of the West German Republic a personal letter and signed portrait in recognition of his work for German refugees. As a young man Picton wrote one of the earliest histories of Chemistry in English “The Story of Chemistry” (1 889).Among his books and pamphlets concerning Germany were “Is it to be Hate ?” (1913 “The Better Germany in War Time” (1918) “From Republican to Nazi Germany” (1938) “Early German Art and its Origins” (1939) “Nazis and Germans” (1940) and “The Ordinary German” (1948). Harold Picton was a man of vigorous and many- sided personality to whom men were more important than systems. He had a genius for friendship with people of every age and class. He gained the affection as well as the admiration of his pupils who will never forget the debt they owe him. He was not married but adopted a son who survives him. G.M. BENNETT. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY The design of experiments. Sir Ronald A.Fisher. 6th edn. Pp. 242. Oliver and Boyd. Edinburgh. 1951. The works of Geber. Englished by Richard Russell 1678. A new edition with introduction by E. J. Holmyard. Pp. 264. J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd. London. 1928. The life of Ludwig Mond. J. M. Cohen. Pp. 295. Methuen & Co. Ltd. London. 1956. Chemical service in defence of the realm ; one hundred years of chemical inspection the story of the chemical inspectorate. W. G. Norris. Pp. 91. Ministry of Supply. London. 1957. (Presented by the Publishers.) The Barker index of crystals a method for the identification of crystalline substances. M. W. Porter and R. C. Spiller. Vol. IT. Parts 1-3. W. Heffer & Sons Ltd. Cambridge. 1956. Crystallographic data for the calcium silicates.L. Heller and H.F. W. Taylor. Pp. 79. H.M.S.O. London. 1956. Introduction to thermodynamics of irreversible processes. I. Prigogine. Pp. 115. Charles C. Thomas. Illinois. 1955. The chemistry of the co-ordination compounds. Edited by J. C. Bailar jun. 22 Contributors. American Chemical Society Monograph No. 13 1. Pp. 820. Reinhold Publ. Corp. New York. 1956. Technique of organic chemistry; edited by Arnold Weissberger. Vol. 111. Part 1. Separation and purification. 13 Contributors. 2nd edn. Pp. 873. Interscience Publ. Inc. New York. 1956. The reactive intermediates of organic cheinistry. J. E. Lemer. Pp. 275. Interscience Publ. Tnc. New York. 1956. An outline of organic nitrogen Compounds. E. F. Degering. 5th edn. Pp. 752. University Lithoprinters.Ypsilanti Michigan. 1950. Synthetic polypeptides preparation structure and praperties. C. H. Bamford A. Elliott and W. E. Hanby. Pp. 445. Academic Press Inc. New York. 1956. Enzyme antigen and virus a study of macromolecular pattern in action. F. MacF. Burnet. Pp. 193. University Press. Cambridge. 1956. Latex natural and synthetic. P. G. Cook. Pp. 231. Reinhold Publ. Corp. New York. 1956. A laboratory study of chemical principles a semimacro manual integrating general chemistry and qualitative analysis. H. W. Frantz. 2nd edn. Pp. 266. W. H. Freeman & Co. San Francisco. 1956. (Presented by Bailey Bros. & Swinfen Ltd.) British Railways. Research Department. Chemical Services. Analysts’ handbook. Vol. I. Pp. 149.Vol. IT. Pp.43. (Loose leaf folders.) British Transport Commis- sion. London. 1954-1956. (Presented by the Assistant Director.) Physical methods in chemical analysis. Edited by W. G. Berl. 16 Contributors. Pp. 652. Academic Press lnc. New York. 1956. Metallurgical analysis by means of the Spekker photo- electric absorptiometer. F. W. Haywood and A. A. R. Wood. 2nd edn. Pp. 292. Hilger & Watts Ltd. London. 1957. (Presented by the Publishers.) Organic analysis. Edited by J. Mitchell jun. I. M. Kolthoff E. S. Proskauer and A. Weissberger. Vol. 111. 10 Contributors. Pp. 546. Interscience Publ. Inc. New York. 1956. Spot tests in organic analysis. F. Feigl. Translated by R. E. Oesper. 5th edn. Pp. 616. Elsevier Publ. Co. Amsterdam. 1956.The determination of sulphur and its compounds in fayon. M. J. Maurice. Pp. 101. Uitgeverij “Excelsior”. S-Gravenhage. 1956. (Presented by the Author.) 1956 Supplement to book of ASTM standards includ- ing tentatives. Part 5. Fuels petroleum aromatic hydro- carbons engine antifreezes. Pp. 320. Part 6. Plastics electrical insulation rubber electronics materials. Pp. 354. Part 7. Textiles soap water paper adhesives, shipping containers atmospheric analysis. Pp. 203. American Society for Testing Materials. Philadelphia. 1956. Encyclopedia of chemical technology. Edited by R. E’ Kirk and D. F. Othmer. Volume 15. Waxes to Zymosterol. Index to Volumes 1-15. Pp. 936. Interscience Encyclo- pedia Inc. New York. 1956. Unit operations of chemical engineering.W. L. McCabe and J. C. Smith. Pp. 945. McCraw-Hill Book Co. Inc. New York. 1956. High pressure technology. E. W. Comings. Pp. 572. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc. New York. 1956. XVth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry held at Lisbon 1956. Main congress lectures and lectures in the sections. (Experientia Supplementum V.) Pp. 240. Birkhiiuser Verlag. Basle. 1956. Syinposium No. LVI. L’hydroxycarbonylation. Held by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique at Paris 1954. Pp. 100. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Faris. 1955 Symposium Sobre problemas de la sintesis de Diels-Alder. Pp. 1 15. Instituto de Quimica “Alonso Barba”. Madrid. 1954. (Presented by the Publishers.) Syinposium held by the CIRA Foundation jointly with the Physiological Society and the British Pharmaco- logical Society in honour of Sir Henry Dale Histamine.Edited by G. E. W. Wolstenholme and Cecilia M. O’Connor. Pp. 472. J. & A. Churchill Ltd. London. 1956. CIBA Foundation Symposium on the nature of viruses. Edited by G. E. W. Wolstenholme and Elaine C. P. Millar. Pp. 292. J. & A. Churchill Ltd. London. 1957. Journals Clinica Chimica Acta. For new researches in clinical chemistry. Published by Elsevier PubI. Co. with inter- national Editorial and Advisory Boards. Available from 1956 Vol. I No. 1. Voprosy Meditsinskoi Khimii. For new researches in medical chemistry. Available from 1956 Vol. 11 No. I. Petroleum Processing. A technical trade journal.Published by McGraw-Hill Publ. Co. Inc. New York. Available from 1957 Vol. X11 No.1.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PS9570000073
出版商:RSC
年代:1957
数据来源: RSC
|
|