摘要:

Ramon M. Barnes Editor Department of Chemistry LGRC Towers University of Massachusetts Am herst MA 01 003-0035 Telephone (41 3) 545-2294 fax 545-4490 Objective The ICP INFORMATION NEWSLETTER is a monthly journal published by the Plasma Research Group at the University of Massachusetts and is devoted exclusively to the rapid and impartial dissemination of news and literature information re- lated to the development and applications of plasma sources for spectrochemical analysis. Background ICP stands for inductively coupled plasma discharge which during the past decade has become the leading spectrochemi- cal excitation source for atomic emission spectroscopy. ICP discharges also are applied commercially as an ion source for mass spectrometry and as an atom and ion cell in atomic fluo- rescence spectrometry.The popularity of this source and the need to collect in a single literature reference all of the pertinent data on ICP stimulated the publication of the ICP INFOR- MATION N€WSE77€R in 1975. Other popular plasma sources i.e. microwave induced plasmas direct current plasmas and glow discharges also are included in the scope of the ICP IN- FORMA TION N€ WSLE TTER. Scope As the only authoritative monthly journal of its type the ICP lNfORMATION NEWSLETTfR is read in more than 40 coun- tries by scientists actively applying or planning to use the ICP or other types of plasma spectroscopy. For the novice in the field the ICP INK)RMATION NEWSLETTER provides a concise and systematic source of information and background material needed for the selection of instrumentation or the development of methodology.For the experienced scientist it offers a sin- gle-source reference to current developments and literature. Editorial The ICP INFORMATION NEWSLETTER is edited by Dr. Ramon M. Barnes Professor of Chemistry University of Mas- sachusetts at Amherst with the assistance of a 20-member Board of National Correspondents composed of leading plasma spectroscopists. The Board members from around the world report news viewpoints and developments. Or. Barnes has been conducting plasma research on ICP and other dis- charges since 1968. He also serves as chairman of the Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry sponsored by the ICP lNFORMATION NEWSLETTER. Reg u I a r Features *Original submitted and invited research articles by ICP and .Complete bibliography of all major ICP publications..Abstracts of all ICP papers presented at major US and inter- @First-hand accounts of world-wide ICP developments. .Special reports on dcp microwave glow discharge and other Calendar and advanced programs of plasma meetings. .Technical translations and reprints of critical foreign-lan- guage ICP papers. .Critical reviews of plasma-related books and software. Conference Activities The ICP INFORMATION NEWSLETTER has sponsored seven international meetings on developments in atomic plasma spectrochemical analysis since 1980 in San Juan Orlando San Diego St. Petersburg and Kailua-Kona. Meeting pro- ceedings have appeared as Developments in Atomic Plasma Spectrochernical Analysis (Wiley) Plasma Spectrochemistry and Plasma Spectrochemistry I/-IV (Pergamon Press) as well as in special issues of Spectrochimica Acta Part €3 and Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. The 1994 Winter Confer- ence on Plasma Spectrochemistry will be held in San Diego California January 10 - 15 1994; its proceedings will be published by Fall 1994.Subscription Information Subscriptions are available for 12 issues on either an annual or volume basis. The first issue of each volume begins in June and the last issue is published in May. For example Volume 18 runsfrom June 1992 through May 1993. Backissues beginning with Volume 1 May 1975 also are available. To begin a subscription complete the form below and submit it with prepayment or purchase information. For additional informa- tion please call (41 3) 545-2294 fax (41 3) 545-4490 or contact the Editor.Credit cards accepted. plasma experts. national meetings. plasma progress. To order complete this section and send it to ICP Information Newsletter %Dr. Ramon M. Barnes Depart- ment of Chemistry Lederle GRC Towers University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01 003-0035 USA. Start a subscription for the following issue D Volume(s)- (June 19- - May 19- ) or D 19 (January - December). Enclosed 0 Prepayment O Check or money order OVISA O Mastercard Account No. (All 13 or 16 digits) D Purchase order (No. ) or Send invoice. Date Cardholder Name Expiration date Cardholder Signature . Amount Due $ Mail to; Name Organization Address City State/Country ZI P/Postalcode Telephone Televfax Note For each credit-card transaction a 4 % service charge will be added reflecting our bank charges.Current subscription rates are $60 (North America) $85 (Europe South America) or $94 (Africa Asia Indian/Pacific Ocean Areas Middle East and Russia). Back issue rates available on request. All payments should be made with US dollars by draft on a US bank by international money order or by credit card. Foreign bank checks are not accepted.What JAASbase is ... IAASbase i s a unique database of atomic spectrometry reference information containing full bibliographic references to journal articles and conference papers in the field of atomic spectrometry published since 1985. These references are selected by expert atomic spectroscopists who add supplementary information that allows you to search for the references you require.The backfile (covering 1985 to 1994) contains over 28,000 references. Update disks add around another 4,000 references a year JAASbase has been designed to work with the database manager Idealist a fully indexed free-text retrieval system. How will JAASbase help you? If you are an analytical scientist with a need for rapid access to information on techniques used in atomic spectrometry JAASbase is the tool you need. Particularly if you work in an applications laboratory with a restricted budget for primary journals and little or no access to library facilities - JAASbase gives you instant access at your bench. Whether your area of analysis is food the environment quality control geology metallurgy or whatever JAASbase will quickly become an essential part of your working life. 1995 Subscription Price )AASbase Backfile (1 986-94) f 280.00/$490.00 JAASbase Updates 1995 f 99.00/$174.00 Idealist Software f 21 0.00/$368.00 Plus VAT in the UK Available in disk size 3.5" or 5.25" To order please contact THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF The Royal Society of Chemistry Turpin Distribution Services Limited Blackhorse Road Letchworth Herts SG6 1 HN United Kingdom. Telephone +44 (0) 1462 672555. Fax i-44 (0) 1462 480947. Turpin Distribution Services Limited is wholly owned by The Royal Society of Chemistry. C H EM I STRY RSC members' should order from The Royal Society of Chemistry Membership Administration Thomas Graham House Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 4WF United Kingdom. Telephone +44 (0) 1223 420066. Fax +44 (0) 1223 423623. E-Mail (Internet) RSC1 @RSC.ORG. information Services

ISSN:0267-9477    

DOI:10.1039/JA99510BP006

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (Including Atomic Spectrometry Updates) JAAS Editorial Board* Chairman B. L. Sharp (Loughborough UK) J. M. Gordon (Cambridge UK) S. J. Haswell (Hull UK) S. J. Hill (Plymouth UK) R. C. Hutton (Winsford UK) D. Littlejohn (Glasgow UK) J. Marshall (Middlesbrough UK) A. T. Ellis (Abingdon UK) A. Sanz-Medel (Oviedo Spain) JAAS Advisory Board F. C. Adams (Antwerp Belgium) R. M. Barnes (Amherst MA USA) L. Bezur (Budapest Hungary) M. W. Blades (Vancouver Canada) R. F. Browner (Atlanta GA USA) S. Caroli (Rome Italy) A. J. Curtius (Florianopolis Brazil) J. B. Dawson (Leeds UK) M. T. C. de Loos-Vollebregt (Delft The Nether L. Ebdon (Plymouth UK) M. S. Epstein (Gaithersburg MD USA) Fang Zhao-lun (Shenyang China) W. Frech (UmeA Sweden) A. L. Gray (Egham UK) S.Greenfield (Loughborough UK) G. M. Hieftje (Bloomington IN USA) B. V. L'vov (St. Petersburg Russia) R. K. Marcus (Clemson SC USA) J. M. Mermet (Villeurbanne France) T. Nakahara (Osaka Japan) Ni Zhe-ming (Beijiny China) N. Omenetto (lspra Italy) C. J. Park (Taejon Korea) R. E. Sturgeon (Ottawa Canada) V. Sychra (Prague Czech Republic) R. Van Grieken (Antwerp Belgium) A. Walsh K. B. (Victoria Australia) B. Welz (Uberlingen Germany) -lands) Atomic Spectrometry Updates Editorial Board Chairman *A. T. Ellis (Abingdon UK) J. Armstrong (Edinburgh UK) J. R. Bacon (Aberdeen UK) C. Barnard (Glasgow UK) R. M. Barnes (Amherst MA USA) S. Branch (High Wycombe UK) R. Bye (Oslo Norway) J. Carroll (Middlesbrough UK) M. R. Cave (Keyworth UK) S. Chenery (Keyworth UK) *J. M.Cook (Keyworth UK) *M. S. Cresser (Aberdeen UK) H. M. Crews (Norwich UK) J. S. Crighton (Sunbury-on-Thames UK *J. B. Dawson (Leeds UK) J. R. Dean (Newcastle upon Tyne UK) *E. H. Evans (Plymouth UK) J. Fazakas (Budapest Hungary) A. Fisher (Plymouth UK) *J. M. Gordon (Cambridge UK) D. J. Halls (Glasgow UK) *S. J. Hill (Plymouth UK) K. W. Jackson (Albany NY USA) R. Jowitt (Middlesbrough UK) K. Kitagawa (Nagoya Japan) J. Kubova (Bratislava Slovak Republic) *J. Marshall (Middlesbrough UK) H. Matusiewicz (Poznan Poland) A. W. McMahon (Manchester UK) J. M. Mermet (Villeurbanne France) R. G. Michel (Storrs CT USA) *D. L. Miles (Keyworth U K ) T. Nakahara (Osaka Japan) Ni Zhe-ming (Beijing China) P. R. Poole (Hamilton New Zealand) P. J. Potts (Milton Keynes UK) W.J. Price (Budleigh Salterton UK) C. J. Rademeyer (Pretoria South Africa) *M. H. Ramsey (London UK) P. G. Riby (Greenwich UK) A. Sanz-Medel (Oviedo Spain) *B. L. Sharp (Loughborough UK) 1. L. Shuttler (Uberlingen Germany) S. T. Sparkes (Plymouth UK) R. Stephens (Halifax Canada) J. Stupar (Ljubljana Slovenia) R. E. Sturgeon (Ottawa Canada) *A. Taylor (Guildford UK) G. C. Turk (Gaithersburg MD USA) J. F. Tyson (Amherst MA USA) P. Watkins (London UK) B. Welz (Uberlingen Germany) J. Williams (Egham UK) J. B. Willis (Victoria Australia) *Members of the ASU Executive Committee Editor JAAS Janice M. Gordon The Royal Society of Chemistry Thomas Graham House Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 4WF UK. Telephone + 44 (0) 1223 420066. Fax +44 (0) 1223 420247. E-mail RSCl @RSC.ORG (Internet) Senior Assistant Editor Brenda Holliday Editorial Secretary Lesley Turney US Associate Editor JAAS Dr.J. M. Harnly US Department of Agriculture Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville MD 20705 USA. Telephone 301 -504-8569 Assistant Editor Ziva Whitelock Advertisements Advertisement Department The Royal Society of Chemistry Burlington House Piccadilly London W1 V OBN UK. Telephone + 44 (0) 171 -287 3091. Fax +44 (0) 171 -494 11 34. Information for Authors Full details of how to submit materials for publi- cation in JAAS are given in the Instructions to Authors in Issue 1. Separate copies are available on request. The Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (JAAS) is an international journal for the publi- cation of original research papers communi- cations and letters concerned with the development and analytical application of atomic spectrometric techniques.The journal is pub- lished twelve times a year including comprehen- sive reviews of specific topics of interest to practising atomic spectroscopists and incorpor- ates the literature reviews which were previously published in Annual Reports on Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy (ARMS). Manuscripts intended for publication must describe original work related to atomic spectro- metric analysis. Papers on all aspects of the sub- ject will be accepted including fundamental studies novel instrument developments and prac- tical analytical applications. As well as AAS AES and AFS papers will be welcomed on atomic mass spectrometry X-ray fluorescence/emission spectrometry and secondary emission spec- trometry.Papers describing the measurement of molecular species where these relate to the characterization of sources normally used for the production of atoms or are concerned for example with indirect methods of analysis will also be acceptable for publication. Papers describing the development and applications of hybrid techniques (e.g. GC-coupled AAS and HPLC-ICP) will be particularly welcome. Manuscripts on other subjects of direct interest to atomic spectroscopists including sample prep- aration and dissolution and analyte pre-concen- tration procedures as well as the statistical interpretation and use of atomic spectrometric data will also be acceptable for publication. There is no page charge.The following types of papers will be considered. Full papers describing original work. Communications which must be on an urgent matter and be of obvious scientific importance. Communications receive priority and are usually published within 2-3 months of receipt. They are intended for brief descriptions of work that has progressed to a stage at which it is likely to be valuable to workers faced with similar problems. Reviews which must be a critical evaluation of the existing state of knowledge on a particular facet of analytical spectrometry. Every paper (except Communications) will be submitted to at least two referees by whose advice the Editorial Board of JAAS will be guided as to its acceptance or rejection. Papers that are accepted must not be published elsewhere except by permission.Submission of a manuscript will be regarded as an undertaking that the same material is not being considered for publication by another journal. Manuscripts (three copies typed in double spacing) should be sent to Janice M. Gordon Editor JAAS or Dr. J. M. Harnly US Associate Editor JAAS. All queries relating to the presentation and sub- mission of papers and any correspondence regarding accepted papers and proofs should be directed to the Editor or US Editor (addresses as above). .Members of the JAAS Editorial Board (who may be contacted directly or via the Editorial Office) would welcome comments suggestions and advice on general policy matters concerning JAAS. Fifty reprints are supplied free of charge. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (JAAS) (ISSN 0267-9477) is published monthly by The Royal Society of Chemistry Thomas Graham House Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 4WF UK.All orders accompanied with payment should be sent directly to The Royal Society of Chemistry Turpin Distribution Services Ltd. Blackhorse Road Letchworth Herts. SG6 1 HN UK Tel. + 44 (0) 1462 672555; Telex 825372 Turpin G; Fax +44 (0) 1462 480947. Turpin Distribution Services Ltd. is wholly owned by The Royal Society of Chemistry. 1995 Annual subscription rate EEA f512.00 USA $941.50 Canada f538.00 (+ GST) Rest of World f538.00. Customers should make payments by cheque in sterling payable on a UK clearing bank or in US dollars payable on a US clearing bank. Air freight and mailing in the USA by Publications Expediting Inc.200 Meacham Avenue Elmont NY 11 003. USA Postmaster send address changes to Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (JAAS) Publications Expediting Inc. 200 Meacham Avenue Elmont NY 11003. Postage paid at Jamaica NY 11431. All other despatches outside the UK by Bulk Airmail within Europe Accelerated Surface Post outside Europe. PRINTED IN THE UK. @The Royal Society of Chemistry 1995. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photographic recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers.Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (Including Atomic Spectrometry Updates) JAAS Editorial Board Chairman B.L. Sharp (Loughborough UK) J. M. Gordon (Cambridge UK) S. J. Haswell (Hull UK) S. J. Hill (Plymouth UK) R. C. Hutton (Winsford UK) D. Littlejohn (Glasgow UK) J. Marshall (Middlesbrough UK) A. T. Ellis (Abingdon U K ) A. Sanz-Medel (Oviedo Spain) JAAS Advisory Board F. C. Adams (Antwerp Belgium) R. M. Barnes (Amherst MA USA) L. Bezur (Budapest Hungary) M. W. Blades (Vancouver Canada) R. F. Browner (Atlanta GA USA) S. Caroli (Rome Italy) A. J. Curtius (Florianopolis Brazil) J. B. Dawson (Leeds UK) M. T. C. de Loos-Vollebregt (Delft The Nether L. Ebdon (Plymouth UK) M. S. Epstein (Gaithersburg MD USA) Fang Zhao-lun (Shenyang China) W. Frech (Umes Sweden) A. L. Gray (Egham UK) S. Greenfield (Loughborough UK) G. M. Hieftje (Bloomington IN USA) 6. V. L'vov (St. Petersburg Russia) R.K. Marcus (Clemson SC USA) J. M. Mermet (Villeurbanne France) T. Nakahara (Osaka Japan) Ni Zhe-ming (Beuing China) N. Omenetto (Ispra M y ) C. J. Park (Taejon Korea) R. E. Sturgeon (Ottawa Canada) V. Sychra (Prague Czech Republic) R. Van Grieken (Antwerp Belgium) A. Walsh ..K. B. (Victoria Australia) 6. Welz (Uberlingen Germany) *lands) Atomic Spectrometry Updates Editorial Board Chairman *A. T. Ellis (Abingdon UK) J. Armstrong (Edinburgh UK) J. R. Bacon (Aberdeen UK) C. Barnard (Glasgow U K ) R. M. Barnes (Amherst MA USA) S. Branch (High Wycombe UK) R. Bye (Oslo Norway) J. Carroll (Middlesbrough UK) M. R. Cave (Keyworth UK) S. Chenery (Keyworth UK) *J. M. Cook (Keyworth UK) *M. S. Cresser (Aberdeen UK) H. M. Crews (Norwich UK) J. S. Crighton (Sunbury-on-Thames UK *J.B. Dawson (Leeds UK) J. R. Dean (Newcastle upon Tyne UK) *E. H. Evans (Plymouth UK) J. Fazakas (Budapest Hungary) A. Fisher (Plymouth UK) *J. M. Gordon (Cambridge UK) D. J. Halls (Glasgow UK) *S. J. Hill (flymouth UK) K. W. Jackson (Albany NY USA) R. Jowitt (Middlesbrough UK) K. Kitagawa (Nagoya Japan) J. Kubova (Bratislava Slovak Republic) *J. Marshall (Middlesbrough UK) H. Matusiewicz (Poznan Poland) A. W. McMahon (Manchester UK) J. M. Mermet (Villeurbanne France) R. G. Michel (Storrs CT USA) *D. L. Miles (Keyworth UK) T. Nakahara (Osaka Japan) Ni Zhe-ming (Beijing China) P. R. Poole (Hamilton New Zealand) P. J. Potts (Milton Keynes UK) W. J. Price (Budleigh Salterton UK) C. J. Rademeyer (Pretoria South Africa) *M. H. Ramsey (London UK) P.G. Riby (Greenwich UK) A. Sanz-Medel (Oviedo Spain) *B. L. Sharp (Loughborough UK) 1. L. Shuttler (Uberlingen Germany) S. T. Sparkes (Plymouth UK) R. Stephens (Halifax Canada) J. Stupar (Ljubljana Slovenia) R. E. Sturgeon (Ottawa Canada) *A. Taylor (Guildford UK) G. C. Turk (Gaithersburg MD USA) J. F. Tyson (Amherst MA USA) P. Watkins (London UK) B. Welz (Uberlingen Germany) J. Williams (Egham U K ) J. B. Willis (Victoria Australia) *Members of the ASU Executive Committee Editor JAAS Janice M. Gordon The Royal Society of Chemistry Thomas Graham House Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 4WF UK. Telephone + 44 (0) 1223 420066. Fax + 44 (0) 1223 420247. E-mail RSCl @RSC.ORG (Internet) Senior Assistant Editor Brenda Holliday Editorial Secretary Lesley Turney US Associate Editor JAAS Dr.J. M. Harnly US Department of Agriculture Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville MD 20705 USA. Telephone 301 -504-8569 Assistant Editor Ziva W hiteloc k Advertisements Advertisement Department The Royal Society of Chemistry Burlington House Piccadilly London W1 V OBN UK. Telephone +44 (0) 171 -287 3091. Fax +44 (0) 171 -494 11 34. Information for Authors Full details of how to submit materials for publi- cation in JAAS are given in the Instructions to Authors in Issue 1. Separate copies are available on request. The Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (JAAS) is an international journal for the publi- cation of original research papers communi- cations and letters concerned with the development and analytical application of atomic spectrometric techniques.The journal is pub- lished twelve times a year including comprehen- sive reviews of specific topics of interest to practising atomic spectroscopists and incorpor- ates the literature reviews which were previously published in Annual Reports on Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy (ARAAS). Manuscripts intended for publication must describe original work related to atomic spectro- metric analysis. Papers on all aspects of the sub- ject will be accepted including fundamental studies novel instrument developments and prac- tical analytical applications. As well as AAS AES and AFS papers will be welcomed on atomic mass spectrometry X-ray fluorescence/emission spectrometry and secondary emission spec- trometry. Papers describing the measurement of molecular species where these relate to the characterization of sources normally used for the production of atoms or are concerned for example with indirect methods of analysis will also be acceptable for publication.Papers describing the development and applications of hybrid techniques (e.g. GC-coupled AAS and HPLC-ICP) will be particularly welcome. Manuscripts on other subjects of direct interest to atomic spectroscopists including sample prep- aration and dissolution and analyte pre-concen- tration procedures as well as the statistical interpretation and use of atomic spectrometric data will also be acceptable for publication. There is no page charge. The following types of papers will be considered. Full papers describing original work. Communications which must be on an urgent matter and be of obvious scientific importance.Communications receive priority and are usually published within 2-3 months of receipt. They are intended for brief descriptions of work that has progressed to a stage at which it is likely to be valuable to workers faced with similar problems. Reviews which must be a critical evaluation of the existing state of knowledge on a particular facet of analytical spectrometry. Every paper (except Communications) will be submitted to at least two referees by whose advice the Editorial Board of JAAS will be guided as to its acceptance or rejection. Papers that are accepted must not be published elsewhere except by permission. Submission of a manuscript will be regarded as an undertaking that the same material is not being considered for publication by another journal.Manuscripts (three copies typed in double spacing) should be sent to Janice M. Gordon Editor JAAS or Dr. J. M. Harnly US Associate Editor JAAS. All queries relating to the presentation and sub- mission of papers and any correspondence regarding accepted papers and proofs should be directed to the Editor or US Editor (addresses as above). Members of the JAAS Editorial Board (who may be contacted directly or via the Editorial Office) would welcome comments suggestions and advice on general policy matters concerning JAAS. Fifty reprints are supplied free of charge. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (JAAS) (ISSN 0267-9477) is published monthly by The Royal Society of Chemistry Thomas Graham House Science Park Milton Road Cambridge CB4 4WF UK.All orders accompanied with payment should be sent directly to The Royal Society of Chemistry Turpin Distribution Services Ltd. Blackhorse Road Letchworth Herts. SG6 lHN UK Tel. +44 (0) 1462 672555; Telex 825372 Turpin G; Fax +44 (0) 1462 480947. Turpin Distribution Services Ltd. is wholly owned by The Royal Society of Chemistry. 1995 Annual subscription rate EEA €512.00 USA $941 SO Canada €538.00 (+ GST) Rest of World €538.00. Customers should make payments by cheque in sterling payable on a UK clearing bank or in US dollars payable on a US clearing bank. Air freight and mailing in the USA by Publications Expediting Inc. 200 Meacham Avenue Elmont NY 11003. USA Postmaster send address changes to Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (JAAS) Publications Expediting Inc. 200 Meacham Avenue Elmont NY 11 003. Postage paid at Jamaica NY 11431. All other despatches outside the UK by Bulk Airmail within Europe Accelerated Surface Post outside Europe. PRINTED IN THE UK. @The Royal Society of Chemistry 1995. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photographic recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers,

ISSN:0267-9477    

DOI:10.1039/JA99510FX017

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

promote and encourage developments in both fundamental and applied atomic spectroscopy including ICP-MS and XRF by providing a friendly environment where delegates can meet formally and informally to exchange ideas views and results. Plenary lectures given by world renowned spectroscopists provide overviews of important areas of atomic spectroscopy. Invited and submitted lectures as well as posters cover the most recent developments in both pure and applied atomic spetcroscopy. Although the majority of papers tend to focus on analytical applications presentations on theoretical studies or fundamental advances in AA AE AF and XRF are also important components of each BNASS. Preparation and Sample Introduction has been organised for the morning of Wednesday July 27. The course will include aspects of ICP-AES AAS AES XRF AFS and ICP-MS.Separate registration is required. Papers should discuss original unpublished work. Manuscripts of accepted papers will be considered for publication in a special issue JAAS. A Short Course of Sample For further information contact Dr. S. J. Haswell School of Chemistry University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK. Telephone + 44 (0)482 465469; Fax + 44 (0)482 466410. 12th Asilomar Conference on Mass Spectrometry Elemental Mass Spectrometry September 20-24 PaciJic Grove CA USA For further details contact American Society of Mass Spectrometry 1201 Don Diego Avenue Santa Fe NM 87505 USA. Telephone + 1 505 989 4517; Fax + 1 505 989 1073. 1997 Seventh International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials April 21-25 Antwerp Belgium Details can be found in J.Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995,9,54N. For further details contact Dr J. Pauwels Institute for Reference Materials & Measurements Management of Reference Materials Unit Retieseweg B-2440 Geel Belgium. Telephone + 32 14 571 722; Fax + 32 14 590 406; or Wayne R. Wolf Ph.D Food Composition Laboratory USDA 10300 Baltimore Blvd. Beltsville MD 20705 USA. Telephone + 1 301 504 8927; Fax + 1 301 504 8314 XXX Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale September 21st -26t h Melbourne Australia Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995,10,58N. For further details contact The Meeting Planners 108 Church Street Hawthorn Victoria 3 122 Australia. Telephone +613 9819 3700; Fax +61 3 9819 5978. Updated information may be obtained from the XXX CSI homepage on the World Wide Web at http://www.latrobe.edu.au/CSIconf/ XXXCSI.html. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry November 1995 Vol. 10 61 Npromote and encourage developments in both fundamental and applied atomic spectroscopy including ICP-MS and XRF by providing a friendly environment where delegates can meet formally and informally to exchange ideas views and results. Plenary lectures given by world renowned spectroscopists provide overviews of important areas of atomic spectroscopy. Invited and submitted lectures as well as posters cover the most recent developments in both pure and applied atomic spetcroscopy. Although the majority of papers tend to focus on analytical applications presentations on theoretical studies or fundamental advances in AA AE AF and XRF are also important components of each BNASS.Preparation and Sample Introduction has been organised for the morning of Wednesday July 27. The course will include aspects of ICP-AES AAS AES XRF AFS and ICP-MS. Separate registration is required. Papers should discuss original unpublished work. Manuscripts of accepted papers will be considered for publication in a special issue JAAS. A Short Course of Sample For further information contact Dr. S. J. Haswell School of Chemistry University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK. Telephone + 44 (0)482 465469; Fax + 44 (0)482 466410. 12th Asilomar Conference on Mass Spectrometry Elemental Mass Spectrometry September 20-24 PaciJic Grove CA USA For further details contact American Society of Mass Spectrometry 1201 Don Diego Avenue Santa Fe NM 87505 USA.Telephone + 1 505 989 4517; Fax + 1 505 989 1073. 1997 Seventh International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials April 21-25 Antwerp Belgium Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995,9,54N. For further details contact Dr J. Pauwels Institute for Reference Materials & Measurements Management of Reference Materials Unit Retieseweg B-2440 Geel Belgium. Telephone + 32 14 571 722; Fax + 32 14 590 406; or Wayne R. Wolf Ph.D Food Composition Laboratory USDA 10300 Baltimore Blvd. Beltsville MD 20705 USA. Telephone + 1 301 504 8927; Fax + 1 301 504 8314 XXX Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale September 21st -26t h Melbourne Australia Details can be found in J.Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995,10,58N. For further details contact The Meeting Planners 108 Church Street Hawthorn Victoria 3 122 Australia. Telephone +613 9819 3700; Fax +61 3 9819 5978. Updated information may be obtained from the XXX CSI homepage on the World Wide Web at http://www.latrobe.edu.au/CSIconf/ XXXCSI. html. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry November 1995 Vol. 10 61 Npromote and encourage developments in both fundamental and applied atomic spectroscopy including ICP-MS and XRF by providing a friendly environment where delegates can meet formally and informally to exchange ideas views and results. Plenary lectures given by world renowned spectroscopists provide overviews of important areas of atomic spectroscopy. Invited and submitted lectures as well as posters cover the most recent developments in both pure and applied atomic spetcroscopy.Although the majority of papers tend to focus on analytical applications presentations on theoretical studies or fundamental advances in AA AE AF and XRF are also important components of each BNASS. Preparation and Sample Introduction has been organised for the morning of Wednesday July 27. The course will include aspects of ICP-AES AAS AES XRF AFS and ICP-MS. Separate registration is required. Papers should discuss original unpublished work. Manuscripts of accepted papers will be considered for publication in a special issue JAAS. A Short Course of Sample For further information contact Dr. S. J. Haswell School of Chemistry University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK.Telephone + 44 (0)482 465469; Fax + 44 (0)482 466410. 12th Asilomar Conference on Mass Spectrometry Elemental Mass Spectrometry September 20-24 PaciJic Grove CA USA For further details contact American Society of Mass Spectrometry 1201 Don Diego Avenue Santa Fe NM 87505 USA. Telephone + 1 505 989 4517; Fax + 1 505 989 1073. 1997 Seventh International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials April 21-25 Antwerp Belgium Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995,9,54N. For further details contact Dr J. Pauwels Institute for Reference Materials & Measurements Management of Reference Materials Unit Retieseweg B-2440 Geel Belgium. Telephone + 32 14 571 722; Fax + 32 14 590 406; or Wayne R. Wolf Ph.D Food Composition Laboratory USDA 10300 Baltimore Blvd.Beltsville MD 20705 USA. Telephone + 1 301 504 8927; Fax + 1 301 504 8314 XXX Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale September 21st -26t h Melbourne Australia Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995,10,58N. For further details contact The Meeting Planners 108 Church Street Hawthorn Victoria 3 122 Australia. Telephone +613 9819 3700; Fax +61 3 9819 5978. Updated information may be obtained from the XXX CSI homepage on the World Wide Web at http://www.latrobe.edu.au/CSIconf/ XXXCSI. html. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry November 1995 Vol. 10 61 Npromote and encourage developments in both fundamental and applied atomic spectroscopy including ICP-MS and XRF by providing a friendly environment where delegates can meet formally and informally to exchange ideas views and results.Plenary lectures given by world renowned spectroscopists provide overviews of important areas of atomic spectroscopy. Invited and submitted lectures as well as posters cover the most recent developments in both pure and applied atomic spetcroscopy. Although the majority of papers tend to focus on analytical applications presentations on theoretical studies or fundamental advances in AA AE AF and XRF are also important components of each BNASS. Preparation and Sample Introduction has been organised for the morning of Wednesday July 27. The course will include aspects of ICP-AES AAS AES XRF AFS and ICP-MS. Separate registration is required. Papers should discuss original unpublished work. Manuscripts of accepted papers will be considered for publication in a special issue JAAS.A Short Course of Sample For further information contact Dr. S. J. Haswell School of Chemistry University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK. Telephone + 44 (0)482 465469; Fax + 44 (0)482 466410. 12th Asilomar Conference on Mass Spectrometry Elemental Mass Spectrometry September 20-24 PaciJic Grove CA USA For further details contact American Society of Mass Spectrometry 1201 Don Diego Avenue Santa Fe NM 87505 USA. Telephone + 1 505 989 4517; Fax + 1 505 989 1073. 1997 Seventh International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials April 21-25 Antwerp Belgium Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995,9,54N. For further details contact Dr J. Pauwels Institute for Reference Materials & Measurements Management of Reference Materials Unit Retieseweg B-2440 Geel Belgium. Telephone + 32 14 571 722; Fax + 32 14 590 406; or Wayne R. Wolf Ph.D Food Composition Laboratory USDA 10300 Baltimore Blvd. Beltsville MD 20705 USA. Telephone + 1 301 504 8927; Fax + 1 301 504 8314 XXX Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale September 21st -26t h Melbourne Australia Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995,10,58N. For further details contact The Meeting Planners 108 Church Street Hawthorn Victoria 3 122 Australia. Telephone +613 9819 3700; Fax +61 3 9819 5978. Updated information may be obtained from the XXX CSI homepage on the World Wide Web at http://www.latrobe.edu.au/CSIconf/ XXXCSI. html. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry November 1995 Vol. 10 61 N

ISSN:0267-9477    

DOI:10.1039/JA995100X019

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

JaSm Journal of 1111 llllll I Ill Illll IIIII 111 I CONTENTS NEWS PAGES Conference Report Barrie Masters Book Review Scott D. Tanner Diary of Conferences and Courses Future Issues 31 N 32N 33N 35N PAPERS In Viio Sample Uptake and On-line Measurements of Cobalt in Whole Blood by Microwave-assisted Mineralization and Flow Injection Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry M. Burguera J. L. Burguera C. Rondon C. Rivas P. Carrero M. Gallignani M. R. Brunetto Determination of Antimony in Urine by Solvent Extraction and Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Biological Monitoring of Occupational Exposure Monica M. Smith Mark A. White H. Kerr Wilson Determination of Chromium by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Rapid Microwave-assisted Digestion of Sediment and Botanical Samples Ruma Chakraborty Arabinda K.Das M. Luisa Cervera Miguel De La Guardia Determination of Trace Amounts of Aluminium in High-purity Tin by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Zhang Yuan-Fu Zhang .Ke Fang Zheng Wang Yun-Zhou Speciation of Organotin Compounds Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry with Micellar Liquid Chromatography Yoshinori Inoue Katsuhiko Kawabata Yoshihito Suzuki Determination of Lead in Whole Blood Using Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Mass Spectrometry with Isotope Dilution Daniel C. Paschal Kathleen L. Caldwell Bill G. Ting Synthesis and Application of an Inert Type of 8-Hydroxyquinoline-based Chelating Ion Exchanger for Sea-water Analysis Using On-line Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Detection A.Seubert G. Petzold J.W. McLaren Determination of Fission Products and Actinides in Spent Nuclear Fuels by Isotope Dilution Ion Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry J. lgnacio Garcia Alonso Fabrizio Sena Philippe Arbore Maria Betti Lothar Koch Validation of the Analytical Linearity and Mass Discrimination Correction Model Exhibited by a Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer by Means of a Set of Synthetic Uranium Isotope Mixtures Philip D. P. Taylor Paul De Bievre Andrew J. Walder Andrew Entwistle Excitation Temperature and Analytical Parameters for an Ethanol-loaded Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer Robert I. McCrindle Cornelius J. Raderneyer Use of Thiourea in the Determination of Arsenic Antimony Bismuth Selenium and Tellurium by Hydride Generation Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Hilde Uggerud Walter Lund Investigation into the Kinetics of Selenium(vi) Reduction Using Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Detection Steve J.Hill Les Pitts Paul Worsfold CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX 343 349 353 359 363 367 371 381 395 399 405 409 413 AT0 M I C S P E CT R 0 M ET R Y U P DAT ES 127R 0267-9477[199515.1-2 Typeset printed and bound by The Charlesworth Group Huddersfield England 01484 5170777996 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry Fort Lauderdale Florida January 8 = 7 3 7 996 The 1996 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry ninth in a series of biennial meetings sponsored by the ICP Information Newsletter features developments in plasma spectrochemical analysis by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) dc plasma (DCP) microwave plasma (MIP) and glow discharge (GDL HCL) sources.The meeting will be held Monday January 8 through Saturday January 13 1996 at the Bonaventure World Conference Center in Fort Lauderdale Florida. Continuing education short courses at introductory and advanced levels will be offered Friday through Sunday January 5 - 7. Spectroscopic instrumentation and accessories will be shown during a three-day exhibition. Objectives and Program The continued growth in popularity of plasma sources for atomization and excitation in atomic spectroscopy and ionization in mass spectrometry and the need to discuss recent developments of these discharges in spectrochemical analysis stimulated the organization of this meeting.The Conference will bring together international scientists experienced in applications instrumentation and theory in an informal setting to examine recent progress in the field. Approximately 500 participants from 25 countries are expected to attend. Approximately 300 papers describing applications fundamentals and instrumental developments with plasma sources are expected to be presented in lecture and poster sessions by more than 200 authors. Symposia organized and chaired by recognized experts will include the following topics 1) Sample introduction and transport phenomena 2) Flow injection spectrochemical analysis 3) Elemental speciation with plasma,/chromatographic techniques 4) Plasma instrumentation including chemornetrics expert systems on-line analysis software and remote-system automation 5) Sample preparation treatment and automation 6) Excitation mechanisms and plasma phenomena 7) Spectroscopic standards and reference materials 8) Plasma source mass spectrometry 9) Glow discharge atomic and mass spectrometry 10) Applications of stable isotope analyses and 1 1) Laser-assisted plasma spectrometry.Six plenary and 18 invited lectures will highlight advances in these areas. Afternoon poster sessions will feature applications automation and new instrumentation. Five panel discussions will address critical development areas in sample introduction instrumentation elemental speciation plasma source mass spectrometry and novel software and hardware directions.Plenary invited and submitted papers will be published in Fall 1996 after peer review as the official Conference proceedings. Schedule of Activities Preliminary Title and 50-Word Abstract Due for Contributed Papers Exhibitor Booth Reservation and Pre-Registration Deadline Conference Pre-Registration October 13 1995 Hotel Pre-Reservation October 13 1995 Late Pre-Registration Deadline December 8,1995 1996 Winter Conference Short Courses January 5 - 7,1996 1 996 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry January 8 - 13,1996 July 3 1995 September 11 1995 Further Information For further information return this form to 1996 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry %ICP Information Newsletter Department of Chemistry Lederle GRC Towers University of Masrachuretts Box 34510 Arnherrt MA 01003-4510 USA. ATTN Dr. Ramon Barnes Conference Chairman Telephone (41 3) 545-2294 Telefax (41 3) 545-4490. &- 0 Send further information. 0 I plan to attend accompanied by 0 I plan to present a paper (0 oral 0 poster 0 computer poster). Title 1996 WINTER CONFERENCE ON PLASMA SPECTROCHEMISTRY Name Organization Address Telephone Title State/Country Telefax Date ZIP/Postal Code EMAlL

ISSN:0267-9477    

DOI:10.1039/JA99510BX023

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

CONFERENCE REPORT European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry Cambridge UK 8-13 January 1995 The 1995 European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry was held in the historic city of Cambridge. Cambridge provides an ideal venue for such a prestigious meeting and I am sure that all the delegates found it to be a beautiful and interesting city. Prior to the official opening many delegates had arrived early to take advantage of the six pre-symposia. The courses on offer were ‘Instrumentation and Theory’ ‘Advanced Topics’ ‘Sample Preparation for ICPs’ ‘Speciation’ ‘Quality Systems in the Laboratory’ and ‘Sample Presentation for ICPs’. Sam Houk managed to get through his lectures on ‘Advanced Topics’ despite the fact that his luggage had been lost en route but he did notice that most of the delegates preferred to sit towards the back of the lecture theatre.Approximately 250 delegates were registered for the conference and over 20 companies attended the manufacturers’ scientific event held in the River Suite of the Garden House Hotel. Credit for these healthy figures and the putting together of such a well organized event must be given to the Organizing Committee who were seen in a variety of guises ranging from session Chairpersons to removal men and women. bright and very early on the Monday morning by the Mayor of Cambridge Councillor Joye Rosensteil. Once this and the domestic announcements had been dealt with it was on to the first The conference was officially opened plenary lecture given by Mike Blades on solvent loading effects in the inductively coupled argon plasma.He provided a broad perspective of the effects of solvent and solvent load on the analytical and physical characteristics of the ICP. These results were then compared and contrasted with results already published in the literature. The afternoon session was opened with an invited lecture from Steve Haswell who described the ‘missing link from sample to the instrument’. Anyone expecting him to break into song about British rail pies (as at BNASS) must have been disappointed but I suspect that was a performance never to be repeated. Following on was an interesting paper on LA-ICP-MS given by John Watling. He described how the cannabis plant is particularly efficient at concentrating precious metals such as gold and platinum though not necessarily the minds of the prospectors.All those hoping to disappear for a quiet evening after a stimulating first day were in for a shock as it was a mad dash down to the Garden House Hotel for what turned out to be the first of two superb poster sessions. The quality of the presentations was excellent with a lot of lively discussion going on well into the evening not to mention the ample supply of liquid refreshment and the pleasant surroundings of the River Suite. Day two was opened with a Plenary by Skip Kingston. He described how Barry Sharp (Chairman of the Conference organising committee) and Judith Egan- Shuttler who had been presented with a bou- quet of flowers in honour of her years of service as Editor and then European Associate Editor of JAAS Delegates enjoying the banquet at King’s College I Journal of I Analytical Atomic Spectrometry older sample preparation techniques are no longer appropriate and need to be re-designed to optimize ICP analysis.Particular attention was paid to microwave sample digestion for its ability to provide uncontaminated efficient and reliable homogeneous digests. Tuesday evening saw the second of the two poster sessions which lived up to the high standard set by the first the previous day. Caruso on Elemental Speciation. Joe demonstrated how plasma source mass spectrometry is an excellent element specific detector for various types of chromatography with detection limits in the sub-pg range being achievable with supercritical fluid chromatography.He emphasized that proper treatment of the sample prior to chromatographic separation is essential to preserve the original elemental species. Wednesday afternoon was only a short session to allow plenty of time for the manufacturers’ scientific event. An array of instruments was on display with plenty of willing staff on hand to answer any questions. Two of the largest stands situated at opposite ends of the room were those of Fisons Instruments and Finnigan-MAT. In the light of recent events a joint stand may have been the best approach! applications of lasers. Ken Niemax’s Wednesdays Plenary was given by Joe Thursday morning was devoted to the Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol 10 31 NL to R Kathryn Lamble Steve Hill and Warren Cairns The manufacturers’ scientific event Plenary was on spectrochemistry with diode lasers and focused upon the use of wavelength modulation (WM) techniques for the improvement of signal-to-noise ratios in laser atomic absorption spectrometry (LAAS).He also presented work on the coupling of gas chromatography with WM-LAAS. Thursday afternoon was left free to allow delegates a break or the chance to go on one of the three organized trips. The first was a guided tour of the places of interest in Cambridge for those who had not yet had a chance to look around. The second was a trip to the Imperial War Museum at Duxford with its large display of fighter and commercial aircraft from the first world war to the present day. The final trip was to the National Stud at Newmarket.It was noted that many of the male delegates were rather subdued on the return journey probably contemplating their own inadequacies as compared with the mighty stallions they had just encountered. The highlight of the week for me and I think many others was the Conference Dinner. The dinner was held in the Great Hall at Kings College probably the most famous of all the colleges in Cambridge. The hall provided impressive and suitable surroundings for such an occasion. After dinner entertainment was provided by the Gentleman of St Johns who gave us a rousing performance of their vocal talents. The final day had come round all to quickly for most. The concluding Plenary was given by Les Ebdon looking back to look ahead in plasma spectrochemistry. He suggested that recent trends in plasma spectrochemistry have been fuelled by the need to obtain more information and to obtain it more rapidly with this in mind he attempted to suggest future developments. The scientific programme now concluded all that remained was the official closing of the conference and an invite to all delegates to reconvene at the 1996 Winter Conference in Fort Lauderdale in Florida. I for one hope to be there. BARRIE MASTERS Loughborough University of Technology Leicestershire UK 32N Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 1~01.10

ISSN:0267-9477    

DOI:10.1039/JA995100031N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

BOOK REVIEW Atoms in Plasma (Springer Series on Atoms and Plasmas) V. S. Lisitsa. Pp. xi + 302. Springer- Verlag. DM148.00. ISBN 3 540 57580 4. This book is about as relevant to analytical atomic spectrometry as the Starship Enterprise is to a Volkswagen . . . I felt very comfortable with the concepts expressed until about the middle of page 3. Normally I like to get further into a book before I run into trouble. Much of my difficulty stems from my unfamiliarity with the nomenclature; a table describing the notation would have been useful for those of us not familiar with the density matrix formalism used. The plasma under consideration is a high density ( lo2' cm3) high energy (350 eV) nuclear plasma characterized by multiply charged ions such as All3+ and Fe26+. Indeed the author works out of the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy in Moscow. I could almost understand that 'the integral of motion is replaced by the operator A which commutes with the Hamiltonian in the subspace of the wave functions with given values of n' which appears in Chapter 6 but was lost by the time I got to Chapter 8 where we 'consider the influence on a hydrogen atom being in a static field produced by low frequency ionic oscillations of the high frequency stochastic electric field produced by electron oscillations'.for later discussions beginning with a fundamental classical description of electron transitions in atoms and multicharged ions and then moving on to radiation probabilities and the correlation of classical and quantum descriptions. Chapter 4 introduces the Ferrni concept of 'equivalent photons' which treats the electromagnetic field of an external particle as a flux of equivalent photons which may be absorbed or emitted.This approach is applied to describe excitation by electron impact and fluorescence in dielectronic recombination. Chapters 5 and 6 bring us around to the familiar topics of Stark and Zeeman splitting respectively. However the mathematics becomes nearly unbearable Chapters 2 and 3 lay the groundwork when the effects of crossed strong electric and magnetic fields are approached. It is in the latter chapter that the fundamental distinction between chemists and physicists becomes evident from the chemist's point of view physicists seem to feel that reality is sufficiently expressed when the mathematics is self-consistent.Beginning with Chapter 7 I must forfeit any pretense to understanding the development of the mathematical models and I find that I am trying simply to ferret out the nuggets that are relevant to analytical spectroscopy. Chapter 9 presents an almost understandable discussion of the decay of atomic states (breakdown of selection rules) in an applied electromagnetic field or in the field of neighboring plasma particles; in some examples the field strengths required may be accessible to the ICP (although the data relating to Fe'" and Fe23+ further questions the relevance for our application). Throughout my rather lengthy (laborious?) reading of the book I looked forward to Chapter 10 which 32N Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 1~01.10promised insight into the determination of cross sections for electron and ion scattering.However once there I realized that I did not know what a ‘confluent hypergeometric function that is regular at zero’ was and the importance of the chapter was lost to me. Perhaps the most relevant material in the book appears in Chapter 11. Here we deal with spectral line broadening in binary collision systems in the presence of intense laser radiation. Examples include radiative collisions where a non- resonant laser field compensates for the energy defect of the atomic transition (e.g. non-resonant charge exchange) and the alleviation of non-linear absorption effects by state deformation in the interatomic field of the collision. surprisingly good for such a complex subject written by an author whose first language is clearly not English. However by Chapter 9 it appears that the proof-reader has given up and there are several important sentences that are incomplete and the meaning is sometimes difficult to determine (of course the meaning of even the complete sentences is sometimes difficult to determine.. .). In general the grammar is There is no doubt that this book is an intriguing scholarly exercise and is the type of thing that I would have taken on in graduate school as an intellectual challenge (and that it is!). However its relevance to analytical atomic spectrometry is confined to the first few chapters and to Chapter 11 and even these are appropriate only for the most theoretically inclined. SCOTT D. TANNER SCIEX 77 Four Valley Drive Concord Ontario L4K 4V8 Canada Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10 33N

ISSN:0267-9477    

DOI:10.1039/JA995100032N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

DIARY OF CONFERENCES A N D COURSES 1995 5th Annual Flow Injection Atomic Spectroscopy Short Course June 6-8 Amherst Massachusetts USA Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994 9 68N. For further information contact Julian F. Tyson Department of Chemistry Lederle GRC Tower University of Massachusetts Box 34510 Amherst MA 01003-4510 USA. Telephone (413) 545 0195; Fax (413) 545 4846. Short Course. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography July 3-7 Loughborough U K Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995 10 18N. For further details contact Mrs. S. J. Maddison Department of Chemistry University of Technology Loughboro- ugh Leics. LEll 3TU. Telephone (01 509) 222575,222563; Fax (01 509) 233163. SAC 95 July 9-15 Hull UK Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom.1995 10 13N. For further information contact The Secretary Analytical Division The Royal Society of Chemistry Burlington House Piccadilly London W 1V OBN UK. Vth COMTOX Symposium on Toxicology and Clinical Chemistry of Metals July 10-13 University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994 9 26N. For further information contact F. William Sunderman Jr. MD Department of Laboratory Medicine University of Conneticut Medical School Room C-2050 263 Farmington CT 06030-2225 USA. Telephone 203-679-2328. 13th Australian Symposium on Analytical Chemistry. In conjunction with 4th Environment Chemistry Conference - Chemistry in Tropical and Temperate Environments July 9-14 Darwin Northern Territory Australia Details can be found in J.Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995 10 19N. For further information contact Dr. Brian Salter-Duke Secretary 13AC/4EC Organizing Committee RACI GPO Box 363 Darwin NT 0801 Australia. 41st International Conference on Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy August 14-16 Windsor Ontario Canada Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995 10 23N. For more information contact Dr William E. Jones. Telephone (519) 253 4232 ext 2001; Fax (519) 973 7098. The Third Asian Conference on Analytical Sciences ASIANALYSIS I11 August 20-24 Seoul Korea Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995 10 18N. For further details contact Prof. Hasuck Kim (Secretariat) ASIANALYIS 111 Department of Chemistry College of Natural Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 15 1-742 Korea.Telephone + 82(2)880-6638; Fax + 82(2)889-1568; E-mail hausukim@KRSNUCC 1 .BITNET Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale (CSI) XXIX August 27-September 1 Leipzig Germany Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1993 8 50N. For further details contact Prof. Dr. H. Nickel Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Institut fur Werkstoffe der Energietechnik/RWTH Aachen D-52425. Telephone (02461) 61 55 65; Fax (02461) 61 36 99. Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale (CSI) XXIX Post Symposium Laser Techniques in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry September 1-3 Berlin Germany For further information contact E. Hohann ISAS-LSMU D-12484 Berlin Germany. Telephone 49-30- 6391-3552; Fax 49-30-6392-3544 Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale (CSI) XXIX Post Symposium ICP-MS September 1-4 WernigerodelHartz Germany Details can be found in J.Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994 9 46N. For further details contact Dr. L. Moenke Martin-Luther University Halle- Wittenberg Department of Chemistry Institute of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Weinbergurg 16 D-06120 Halle Germany. Fax 0049-345-649065. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10 33NColloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale (CSI) XXIX Post Symposium Glow Discharges in Optical and Mass Spectrometry September 1-4 Dresden Germany For further information contact V. Hoffmann IFW PF 270016 D-01171 Dresden Germany. Telephone 49-35 1-2322-397; Fax 49-351-2322-3 14; e-mail hoffmann@ifw-dresden.d4OO.de Colloquium Spectroscopicum International (CSI) XXIX Post Symposium Electrothermal Atomization in Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy September 3-5 Ulm Germany For further information contact Dr.B. Welz Department of Applied Research Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer GmbH Postfach 101761 D-88647 Uberlingen Germany. Telephone + 49 (7551) 81-3791; Fax +49 (7551) 1612. Euroanalysis IX September 1-7 Bologna Italy Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995 10 14N. Further information is available from Professor Luigia Sabbatini Euroanalysis IX Dipartimento di Chimica Universita di Bari Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy. 8th International Conference on Coal Science September 10-15 Instituto Nacional del Carbbn CSIC Apartado 73 33080 Ouiedo Spain Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994 9 61N. For further details contact Dr.Juan M. D. Tascbn 8th ICCS Scientific Programme Chairman Instituto Nacional del Carbbn CSIC Apartado 73 33080 Oviedo Spain. Telephone +34.8.528.08.00; Fax +34.8.529.76.62. Sixth Surrey Conference on Plasma Source Spectrometry September 17-20 Jersey UK Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995 10 19N. For further details contact Dr. K. Jarvis NERC ICP-MS Facility Centre for Analytical Res. in the Environment (CARE) Imperial College at Silwood Park Buckhurst Road Ascot Berkshire SL5 7TE UK. Telephone +44(0) 344 294517; Fax +44(0) 344 873997. European Workshop in Chemometrics September 17-22 Bristol UK Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995 10 24N. For further details contact Mrs. C. Hutcheon School of Chemistry University of Bristol Contock’s Close Bristol BS8 lTS UK. Telephone + 44(0) 117-928 7645 ext.4221; Fax +44-(0)117-925 1295. Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies Conference October 15-20 Cincinnati Ohio USA! Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995 10 19N. For further information contact Joseph A. Caruso FACSS National Office 198 Thomas Johnson Dr. Suite S-2 Frederick MD 21702 USA. Telephone (301) 694-8122; Fax (301) 694-6860. Short Course COSHH October 31-November 1 Shefield UK The Division of Adult Continuing Education at the University of Sheffield is holding a course on COSHH Regulations and the Approved Codes of Practice. The main aim of the course is to produce competent COSHH Risk Assessors. For further information contact Ms Baldham or Ms Rogers Division of Adult Contiuning Education University of Sheffield 196-198 West Street Sheffield S1 4CT UK.Telephone 01 14 2825391; Fax 01 14 2768653 First Mediterranean Basin Conference on Analytical Chemistry November 5-10 Cbrdoba Spain For further details contact Prof. Alfred0 Sanz-Medel Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry. University of Oviedo C/ Julian Claveria no 8. 3006 Oviedo (Spain). Telephone 34/85/ 103474-103485; Fax 34/85/103480. Short Course Environmental Auditing in Manufacturing and Process Industries November 7 Shefield UK The Division of Adult Continuing Education at the University of Sheffield is holding a course on environmental auditing in manufacturing and process industries. The course will cover the risks to the environment arising from industry and the benefits which environmental auditing can offer to minimize such risks and deal with any pollution incidents.For further information contact Ms Baldham or Ms Rogers Division of Adult Continuing Education University of Sheffield 196-198 West Street Sheffield S1 4CT UK. Telephone 01 14 2825391; Fax 01 14 2768653 Biological Applications of Inorganic Mass Spectrometry November 8-9 Norwich UK Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1995 10 20N. For further information contact Dr. Fred Mellon Institute of Food Research Norwich Laboratory Norwich Research Park Colney Norwich NR4 7UA UK. Telephone +44(0)1603 255 299 (direct line) +44 (0) 1603 255 000 (switchboard/paging); Fax +44 (0)1603 452578 +44 (0)1603 fred.mellon@BBSRC.AC.UK.507723; E-MAIL Short Course Safe Storage of Hazardous Substances November 23 Shefield UK The Division of Adult Continuing Education at the University of Sheffield is holding a course on the safe storage of hazardous substances with the aim of providing delegates with the ability to seek out appropriate professional advice on the safe storage of chemicals. Legal requirements will be covered and the main features of the relevant legislation its benefits and limitations will be discussed. For further information contact Ms Baldham or Ms Rogers Division of Adult Continuing Education University of Sheffield 196-198 West Street Sheffield S1 4CT UK. Telephone 01 14 2825391; Fax 01 14 2768653 Short Course Disposal of Hazardous Waste December 5 Shefield UK The Division of Adult Continuing Education at the University of Sheffield is holding a course on the disposal of hazardous waste.The current situation regarding the legal technical and economic aspects of hazardous waste disposal and the new requirements of the Environmental Protection Act will be reviewed and the weaknesses of the present situation with reference to case examples of serious problems in waste disposal will be discussed. For further information contact Ms Baldham or Ms Rogers Division 34N Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10of Adult Continuing Education University of Sheffield 196-198 West Street Sheffield S1 4CT UK. Telephone 01 14 2825391; Fax 01 14 2768653 International Symposium on Environmental Biomonitoring and Specimen Banking December 17-22 Honolulu Hawaii USA Details can be found in J.Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994 9 59N. For further information contact K. S. Subramanian Environmental Health Directorate Health Canada Tunney's Pasture Ottawa Ontario K1A OL2 Canada (phone 613-957-1874; fax 613-941-4545) or G. V. Iyengar Center for Analytical Chemistry Room 235 B 125 National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 USA (Telephone 301-975-6284; Fax 301-921-9847) or M. Morita Division of Chemistry and Physics National Institute for Environmental Studies Japan Environmental Agency Yatabe-Machi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305 Japan (Telephone 81-298-51-6111 ext. 260 Fax 81-298-56-4678). 1996 1996 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry January 8-13 Fort Lauderdale Florida USA Details can be found in J.Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994,9,53N. For further information contact Dr. R. Barnes ICP Information Newsletter Department of Chemistry Lederle GRC Towers University of Massachusetts Box 34510 Amherst MA 01003-4510 USA. Telephone (413) 545 2294; Telefax (413) 545 4490. International Schools and Conferences on X-Ray Analytical Methods January 18-25 Sydney Australia Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994,9,47N. For further information contact AXAA '96 Secretariat GPO Box 128 Sydney NSW 2001 Australia. Telephone 61 2 262 2277; Fax 61 2 262 2323; Telex AA 176511 TRHOST. Analytica Conference 96 April 23-26 Munich Germany Details can be found in J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994,2,69N. For further information contact Messe Munchen GmbH Messegelande D-80325 Miinchen Germany. Telephone +49 89 51 07-0; Telex 5 212 086 ameg d; Fax + 49 89 5 1 07-177. Eighth Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium July 17-19 University of East Anglia Norwich UK For further information contact Dr. S . J. Haswell School of Chemistry University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK. Telephone + 44 (0)482-465469; Fax +44 (0)482-466410. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10 35N

ISSN:0267-9477    

DOI:10.1039/JA995100033N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

FUTURE ISSUES WILL INCLUDE- Arsenic Determination in Environmental Biological and Food Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry-Ramon M. Barnes Alexandra Laszitity Antoaneta Krushevska Mihaly Kotrebai Dulasiri Amarasiriwardena Determination of Selenium in Seleno- Compounds and Marine Biological Tissues using Stabilized Temperature Platform Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry-W. Maher M. Deaker Optimization of the Extraction Clean- up and Determination of Arsenobetaine in Manufactured Seafood Products by Coupling Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometric Detection-N. Ybanez Dinoraz Velez Wedleys Tejedor R. Montoro Ultrasonic Nebulization and Arsenic Valence State Considerations Prior to Determination via Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry-John T.Creed Theodore D. Martin Carol A. Brockhoff Evidence for the distribution of Iron Atoms in Argon Inductively Coupled Plasma According to the Boltzmann Population-Susumu Nakamura Sample Introduction Devices in Flow Injection Atomic Spectroscopy-J. L. Burguera M. Burguera Atomization Efficiencies of Bismith Lead Manganese Chromium and Gallium under Stabilized Temperature Platform Furnace Conditions-Yang Wei-Min Ni Zhe-Ming Fluor Compounds as Chemical Modifiers for the Determination of Phosphorus by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry- Jose Alvarado Ana Rita Cristiano Adilson J. Curtius Improvements in the Ion-exchange Chromatographic Separation for the Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Materials by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry-J.C. Farinas Horacio P. Carrera Maria T. Larrea Quantitive Analysis of Iron-rich and Other Oxide-based Samples by Means of Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry-Stefan De Gendt W. Schelles V. Muller R. Van Grieken Effect of Plasma Pressure on the Determination of Mercury by Microwave-induced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry-Jose M. Costa- Fernandez Rosario Pereiro-Garcia Nerea Bordel-Garcia Alfredo Sanz- Medel Determination of Trace Elements in Unalloyed Steels by Flow Injection Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry-Aurora G. Coedo Teresa Dorado A Solid State Detector for Simultaneous Multielement Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Zeeman- effect Background-Bernard Radziuk G. Rodel M.Zeiher S. Mizuno K. Yamamoto COPIES OF CITED ARTICLES The Royal Society of Chemistry Library can usually supply copies of cited articles. For further details contact The Library Royal Society of Chemistry Burlington House Piccadilly London W1V OBN UK. Tel t-44 (0) 71-437 8565; fax +44 (0) 71-287 9798; Telecom Gold 84; BUR210; Electronic Mailbox (Internet) LIBRARY@RSC.ORG. If the material is not available from the Society’s Library the staff will be pleased to advise on its availability from other sources. Please note that copies are not available from the RSC at Thomas Graham House Cambridge. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10 35N6th Surrey Conference on Plasma Source Spectrometry St. Helier Jersey UK 17-20 September 1995 Invited Lecturers Dr N Walsh (Royal Holloway) Dr C Gregoire (Geological Survey Canada) Professor R Barnes (University of Massachusetts) and Dr A Gray (Imperial College) Call for Papers Papers (oral and poster presentations) on topics associated with all aspects of plasma source mass spectrometry and on ICP-AES and ICP-MS studies in the Earth Sciences.Three copies of abstracts must be submitted before July 28 1995 Social Programme An informal reception will take place on the Sunday and a conference dinner on Wednesday evening. An accompanying persons' package is available. Registration The residential package covers all meals coffee tea accommodation in single rooms and registration fee. A reduced fee is available for all bona f i d e students Further Details Dr K y m Jarvis NERC ICP-MS Facility CARE Silwood Park Ascot Berks UK SL5 7TE. Tel +44 (011344 294517/6; Fax +44 (0)1344 873997 36 N Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Val. 10

ISSN:0267-9477    

DOI:10.1039/JA995100035N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY UPDATE-REFERENCES The address given in a reference is that of the first named author and is not necessarily the same for any co-author 95/850. 95/851. 95/852. 95/8 5 3. 95/854. 95/855. 951856. 95/857. 95/858. 95/859. 95/860. 95/86 1. 951862. Health and Safety Executive Cadmium and inorganic compounds of cadmium in air laboratory method using flame atomic absorption spectrometry or electro- thermal atomic absorption spectrometry HSE Books London UK 1994. ISBN 0 7176 0676 7. British Standards Institution Analysis of nickel alloys by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Part 9. Method for determination of vanadium British Standard BS 7455 Part 9 1994 [ I S 0 7530-9 19931 15 Jun 1994. Pp. 8. (Linford Wood Milton Keynes UK MK14 6LE). Huff E. A. Huff D. R.Stability of calibration standards for ICP-AES analysis six-month study Report 1992 ANL/ACL-92/3; Order No. DE93003217 53 pp. (Anal. Chem. Lab. Argonne Natl. Lab. Argonne IL USA). Munir N. Rock analysis by instrumental methods Report 1991 Order No. PB93-119071 150 pp. (Dept. Chem. Quaid-i-Azam Univ. Islamabad Pakistan). Rucandio M. I. Martin M. Roca M. Use of halogen carriers and buffers in the spectrographic determination of boron in carbonaceous materials and their combus- tion products Report 1992 CIEMAT-690; Order No. DE93755569 31 pp. (CIEMAT Madrid Spain). Gilles G. Flame spectrophotometric detection of elements such as chlorine in a gaseous composition Fr. Demande FR 2,689,237 (Cl. GOlN21/72) 1 Oct 1993 Appl. 92/3,642 26 Mar 1992; 13 pp. (Proengin South Africa). Hase U.Analysis for impurities in a liquid sample Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,322,875 [93,322,875] (Cl. GOlN31/00) 7 Dec 1993 Appl. 92/150,006 19 May 1992; 3 pp. (Nippon Electric Co. Japan). Mochizuki Y. Analysis for hydrogen atoms in semicon- ductor crystals Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,322,768 [93,322,768] (Cl. GOlN21/63) 7 Dec 1993 Appl. 92/124,375 18 May 1992; 4pp. (Nippon Electric Co. Japan). Harada K. Sato H. Hollow-cathode lamp and manufacture thereof Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,275,061 [93,275,061] (Cl. HOlJ61/09) 22 Oct 1993 Appl. 92165,511 24 Mar 1992; 6 pp. (Hitachi Ltd. Japan). Hara H. Determination of cobalt in current-limiting elements Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,196,572 [93,196,572] (Cl. GOlN21/73) 6 Aug 1993 Appl. 92/9,665 23 Jan 1992; 13 pp.(Meidensha Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd. Japan). Hara H. Suzuki T. Determination of silicon in aluminium-silicon electrodes by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,209,833 [93,209,833] (Cl. GOlN21/73) 20 Aug 1993 Appl. 92/14,454 30 Jan 1992; 15 pp. (Meidensha Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd. Japan). Sasayama R. Determination of chromium in electric current-limiting elements Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,333,018 [93,333,018] (Cl. GOlN31/00) 17 Dec 1993 Appl. 91/218,220 29 Aug 1991; 15 pp. (Meidensha Electric Mfg Co. Ltd. Japan). Sasayama R. Determination of silicon in current- limiting elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,223,741 [93,223,741] (Cl. GOlN21/73) 31 Aug 1993 Appl.92/24,229 12 Feb 1992; 17pp. (Meidensha Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd. Japan). 95/863. 95/864. 951865. 95/866. 95/867. 95/868. 951869. 951870. 95/871. 95/872. 95/873. 95/874. 9 5/87 5. Sasayama R. Determination of yttrium in a current- limiting element by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,223,743 [93,223,743] (Cl. GOlN21/73) 31 Aug 1993 Appl. 92/23,127 10 Feb 1992; 9 pp. (Meidensha Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd. Japan). Sasayama R. Determination of copper in a current- limiting element by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,223,740 [93,223,740] (Cl. GOlN21/73) 31 Aug 1993 Appl. 92/23,126 10 Feb 1992; 9 pp. (Meidensha Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd. Japan). Suzuki F. Determination of chromium in steel by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spec- trometry Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,203,576 [93,203,576] (Cl. GOlN21/73) 10 Aug 1993 Appl. 92/10,574 24 Jan 1992; 32 pp. (Meidensha Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd. Japan). Suzuki F. Determination of vanadium in steel using inductively coupled plasma emission method Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,203,575 [93,203,575] (Cl. GOlN21/73) 10 Aug 1993 Appl. 92110,573 24 Jan 1992; 23 pp. (Meidensha Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd. Japan). Yasuhara H. Okano T. Laser irradiation cell for inductively coupled plasma emission or mass spec- troscopy Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 06,18419 [94,18,419] (Cl. GOlN21/73) 25 Jan 1994 Appl. 92/177,188 3 Jul 1992; 5 pp. (Kawasaki Steel Co. Japan). Taniguchi O. Determination of trace amounts of aluminium by inductively coupled plasma emission method Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,180,768 [93,180,768] (Cl. GOlN21/68) 23 Jul 1993 Appl. 91/360,300,26 Dec 1991; 3 pp. (Shimadzu Corp. Japan). Kurosawa F. Evaluation of surface film on a metal Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,333,020 [93,333,020] (Cl. GOlN33/20) 17 Dec 1993 Appl. 92/95,393 15 Apr 1992; 3 pp. (Nippon Steel Corp. Japan). Hirano Y. Nomura Y. Yasuda K. Palladium and surfactant for sample dilution in atomic absorption analysis with muffle electric furnace for simultaneous multiple metal element determination in biological samples Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 05,322,749 [93,322,749] (Cl. GOlN21/31) 7 Dec 1993 Appl. 92/125,797 19 May 1992; 4 pp. (Hitachi Ltd. Japan). Klaos E. G. Odinets V. M. Method and apparatus for kinetic-atomic spectrometric analysis of chemical elements PCTlnt.Appl. WO 94 01,760 (Cl. GOlN21/71) 20 Jan 1994 SU Appl. 5,045,758 1 Jul 1992; 32 pp. Zang P.-g. Testing method for nitrogen in nitrate Fuming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu CN 1,080,722 (Cl. GOlN21/33) 12 Jan 1994 Appl. 92,108,475 24 Jun 1992; 6 pp. (Baoshan Iron and Steel General Factory Japan). Kronberg J. W. Atomic line emission analyser for hydrogen isotopes US. Pat. Appl. US 697,032 15 Oct 1993 Appl. 8 May 1991; 23 pp. Avail. NTIS Order No. PAT-APPL-7-697-032. (US Dept. of Energy USA). Tanaka S. Koyama S. Sohma K. Kaneko R. Emission method and device for measuring metal particles in combustion gases Ger. Ofen. DE 4,313,368 (Cl. GOlN33/20) 11 Nov 1993 J P Appl. 92/104,263 23 Apr 1992; 17 pp.(Hitachi Ltd. Japan). Nakano T. Taguchi G. Flarneless atomic absorption spectrophotometer Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 587,444 (Cl. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10 127R951876. 951877. 951878. 951879. 951880. 9518 8 1. 951882. 9 5/88 3. 951884. 9518 8 5. 951886. 951887. 9518 88. 951889. 128R GOlN21/74) 16 Mar 1994 J P Appl. 921269,498 11 Sep 1992; 14 pp. (Shimadzu Corp. Japan). Taylor A. Branch S. Crews H. M. Halls D. J. White M. Atomic spectrometry update-clinical and biological materials food and beverages J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994 9 87R. (Supra-Regional Assay Service Metals Reference Lab. Robens Inst. Ind. and Environ. Health and Safety Univ. Surrey Guildford Surrey UK GU2 5XH). Dunnigham E. Parker G. Absorption of copper by chemically modified radiata pine FRI Bull.1992 176 58. (New Zealand For. Res. Inst. Rotorua New Zealand). Arepalli S. Optical diagnostics for the arc jet facility at NASAIJSC Proc. SPIE-Int. SOC. Opt. Eng. 1993 2005 2. (Lockheed Eng. and Sci. Co. Houston TX 77258 USA). Fantin A. M. B. Rebecchi B. Preliminary data on adenylate energy charge variation in Carassius carassius var. auratus submitted to lead intoxication Sci. Total Environ. 1993 (Suppl. Pt. 2) 907. (Dept. Anim. Biol. 41 100 Modena Italy). Olesik J. W. Inductively coupled plasmas sample- plasma interactions and spectroscopic plasma diagnos- tics Conf. Proc.-Ital. Phys. SOC. 1993 37 11. (Dept. Geol. Sci. Ohio State Univ. Columbus OH 43210 USA). Rohrbach E. Heesen M. Schwabe D. Kornhuber B. Pohl B.Projahn H. D. Trace analysis determination of platinum in body fluids Akute Chronische Toxiz. Spurenclem. Jahrestag. Ges. Mineralstoffe Spurenelem. 8th ed. Dorner K. Wiss. Verlagsges. 1992 (Pub. 1993) 127-33. (Frankfurt Germany). Thiem T. L. Comparison of optical emission mass spectroscopy utilizing laser vaporization of solid samples for inorganic analysis Am. Lab. (Fairfield Conn.) 1994 26 48CCC 48DDD 48FFF 48HHH 48111. (Dept. Chem. US Air Force Acad. Colorado Springs CO 80840 USA). Wassall M. Improving background-correction capa- bilities in graphite furnace AAS Am. Lab. (Fairfield Conn.) 1994 26 48JJJ-48LLL. (AT1 Unicam Cam- bridge UK CB1 2PX). Foster R. Advanced series of ICP-OES spectrometers Am. Lab. (Fairfield Conn.) 1994 26 48RRR-48SSS. (Thermo Jarrell-Ash Corp.Franklin MA 02038-3 148 USA). Robinson J. W. Atomic absorption a view of the early days Anal. Chem. 1994 66 472A. (Louisiana State Univ. Baton Rouge LA 70803-1804 USA). Boumans P. W. J. M. Detection limits and spectral interferences in atomic emission spectrometry Anal. Chem. 1994 66 459A. (Philips Res. Labs. Eindhoven Netherlands). Esser B. K. Volpe A. Kenneally J. M. Smith D. K. Preconcentration and purification of rare earth elements in natural waters using silica-immobilized 8-hydroxy- quinoline and a supported organophosphorus extract- ant Anal. Chem. 1994 66 1736. (Nuclear Chem. Div. Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab. Livermore CA 94550 USA). Burden T. Powell J. J. Thompson R. P. H. Preparation of human and rat urine for trace metal analysis Anal. Proc.(London) 1994 31 153. (Gastrointestinal Lab. The Rayne Inst. St. Thomas' Hospital London UK SE1 7EH). Naghmush A. M. Pyrzynska K. Trojanowicz M. Determination of chromium in different oxidation states by selective on-line preconcentration on cellulose sor- bents and flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry Anal. Chim. Acta 1994 288 247. (Dept. Chem. Univ. Warsaw 02-093 Warsaw Poland). 951890. 951891. 951892. 9 5/89 3. 95/894. 951895. 951896. 951897. 951898. 951899. 951900. 951901. 951902. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10 Raje N. Kayasth S. Asari T. P. S. Gangadharan A. S. Preconcentration of trace elements from high- purity thorium and uranium on Chelex-100 and determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman-effect background correc- tion Anal.Chim. Acta 1994 290 371. (Anal. Chem. Div. BARC Bombay 400 085 India). Ali A. H. Analysis of borosilicate catalysts by induc- tively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Anal. Lett. 1994 27 1533. (Texaco Res. and Dev. Dept. Texaco Inc. Port Arthur TX 77641 USA). Tao S. Q. Lin S. L. Kumamaru T. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with continuous laser sampling by complete vaporization of solid samples and its application to the determination of copper and lead in geological samples Anal. Sci. 1994 10 59. (Dept. Applied Chem. China Univ. Geosci. Hubei 430074 China). Donard O. Hoenig M. Mermet J. M. Trends in atomic spectrometry at Pittcon '94 Analusis 1994 22 M21. (Lab. Photochim. Photophys. et Mol.Univ. Bordeaux I 33405 Talence France). Formento M. L. Spadacini S. Ceserani R. Flameless atomic absorption spectrometry after acid microwave digestion a precise and sensitive method for the determination of ruthenium in biological samples Analusis 1994 22 158. (Res. Centre. Boehringer Mannheim Italia SPA 20052 Monza Italy). Anwar K. Hussain S. F. Mohammad D. Deter- mination of impurities in uranium following sep- aration of the matrix and using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry Analusis 1994 22 230. (Nuclear Chem. Div. Pakistan Inst. Nuclear Sci. and Technol. Islamabad Pakistan). Colina de Vargas M. Ledo de Medina H. Araujo K. Determination of metals in sediments of Sinamaica Lagoon Venezuela by atomic absorption spectrometry Analyst (London) 1994 119 623.(Lab. Quim. Ambiental Fac. Expl. Ciencias Univ. Zulia Zulia Venezuela). Fung Y.-S. Sham W.-C. Determination of chro- mium(v1) in river water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry Analyst (London) 1994 119 1029. (Dept. Chem. Univ. Hong Kong Hong Kong). Martines Stewart L. J. Barnes R. M. Flow-through microwave-heated digestion chamber for automated sample preparation prior to inductively coupled plasma spectrochemical analysis Analyst (London) 1994 119 1003. (Dept. Chem. Univ. Massachusetts Amherst Lan C.-R. Alfassi Z. B. Direct determination of manganese in sea water by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with sodium hydroxide as chemical modifier for interference removal Analyst (London) 1994 119 1033. (Chem. Lab.Power Res. Inst. Taiwan Power Co. 23802 Taipei Taiwan). Vinas P. Campillo N. Lopez Garcia I. Hernandez Cordoba M. Slurry-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods for the determination of copper lead zinc iron and chromium in sweets and chewing gum after partial dry ashing Analyst (London) 1994 119 1119. (Dept. Anal. Chem. Fac. Chem. Univ. Murcia 30071 Murcia Spain). Kagawa K. Kawai K. Tanai M. Kobayashi T. Xenon chloride excimer laser-induced shock-wave plasma and its application to emission spectrochemical analysis Appl. Spectrosc. 1994 48 198. (Dept. Phys. Fac. Educ. Fukui Univ. Fukui 910 Japan). Chen C. McCreary T. W. Non-refractory slurries in the ICP size control and recovery Appl. Spectrosc. 1994 48 410. (Dept. Chem. Murray State Univ. Murray KY 42071 USA).MA 01003-4510 USA).951903. 951904. 9 5/90 5. 951906. 951907. 951908. 951909. 9519 10. 95/91 1. 951912. 951913. 951914. 95/9 15. 951916. 9 519 1 7. Wu M. Ensman R. Hieftje G. M. Simple inexpensive system for controlled-dispersion flow analysis in induc- tively coupled plasma spectrometry Appl. Spectrosc. 1994 48 448. (Dept. Chem. Indiana Univ. Blooming- ton IN 47405 USA). Parker M. Marcus R. K. Role of discharge parameters and limiting orifice diameter in radiofrequency glow discharge atomic absorption spectrophotometry (rf-GDAAS) Appl. Spectrosc. 1994 48 623. (Howard L. Hunter Chem. Lab. Dept. Chem. Clemson Univ. Clemson SC 29634-1905 USA). Yngstroem S. Relationship between detection limits and energy quantities in atomic emission spectrometry Appl.Spectrosc. 1994 48 587. (Swedish Inst. Space Phys. 981 28 Kiruna Sweden). Spencer B. M. Raghani A. R. Winefordner J. D. Investigation of halogen determination in a helium capacitively coupled microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer Appl. Spectrosc. 1994 48 643. (Dept. Chem. Univ. Florida Gainesville FL 3261 1 USA). Coedo A. G. Dorado M. T. Approach to the solution of carbon content influence in the X-ray fluorescence analysis of ferromanganese Appl. Spectrosc. 1994 48 695. (CENIM (CSIC) 28040 Madrid Spain). Legere G. Salin E. D. Fast-clearing spray chamber for ICP-AES Appl. Spectrosc. 1994 48 761. (Dept. Chem. McGill Univ. Montreal Canada H3A 2K6). Almeida A. A Cardoso M. I. Lima J. L. F. C. Determination of copper in port wine and madeira wine by electrothermal atomization AAS Appl.Spectrosc. 1994 15 73. (Dept. Quim. Fis. Fac. Farm. Univ. Porto 4000 Porto Portugal). Coedo A. G. Dorado M. T. Escudero E. Cobo I. G. Evaluation of atomic spectroscopy methods in process control for recovering and reconcentrating gold from raw materials and waste products At. Spectrosc. 1994 15 78. (CSIC Centro Nacl. Investigaciones Metal. 28040 Madrid Spain). Ridao M. Cseh S. B. Drake M. Determination of molybdenum in whole blood using graphite furnace AAS At. Spectrosc. 1994 15 87. (Balcarce Integrated Unit Fac. Agric. Sci. Natl. Univ. Mar del Plata Balcarce Argentina). Murillo M. Gonzalez A. Ramirez A. Guillen N. Determination of metals in lubricating oils by ICP- OES with emulsion sample introduction At. Spectrosc. 1994 15 90.(Centro Quim. Anal. Fac. Ciencias Univ. Central Venezuela Caracas 1041 -A Venezuela). Stroh A. Briickner P. H. Vollkopf U. Multi-element analysis of wine samples using ICP-MS At. Spectrosc. 1994 15 100. (Perkin-Elmer Bodenseewerk GmbH 88647 Uberlingen Germany). Bettinelli M. Spezia S. Baroni U. Bizzarri G. GFAAS and FI-HGAAS determination of arsenic bismuth antimony and selenium in steels and nickel alloys At. Spectrosc. 1994 15 115. (ENEL-DCO Central Lab. 29100 Piacenza Italy). Jung W. T. Shin J. Y. Kim S. K. Yim C. K. Comparative study of three digestion methods for the determination of cadmium copper and lead in crude herbal drugs prior to analysis by FAAS At. Spectrosc 1994 15 122. (Dept. Instrum. Anal. Ilyang Res. Lab. Kyungki 449-900 South Korea). Oilunkaniemi R.Peramaki P. Lajunen L. H. J. Direct determination of selenium in solid biological materials by GFAAS using the cup-in-tube technique At. Spectrosc. 1994 15 126. (Dept. Chem. Univ. Oulu 950570 Oulu Finland). Skipor A. K. Jacobs J. J. Schavocky J. Black J. Galante J. O. Determination of titanium in human serum by Zeeman electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy At. Spectrosc 1994 15 131. (Dept. 9 519 1 8. 9519 19. 951920. 951921. 951922. 951923. 951924. 951925. 951926. 951927. 951928. 951929. 9 519 30. 951931. Orthopedic Surgery Rush-Presbyterian-St. Lukes Med. Center Chicago IL 60612 USA). Davidowski L. Simple continuous-flow hydride gener- ator for ICP-OES At. Spectrosc. 1994,15,140. (Perkin- Elmer Corp. Norwalk CT 06859-0080 USA). Musante C. L.Ellingwood M. R. Stilwell D. E. Cadmium contamination of deer livers in Connecticut Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1993 51 838. (Dept. Anal. Chem. Connecticut Agric. Exp. Station New Haven CT 06504 USA). Acosta A. Diaz C. Hardisson A. Gonzalez D. Levels of cadmium lead and nickel in different types of vinegars Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1993 51 852. (Dept. Anal. Chem. Univ. La Laguna 38204 La Laguna Tenerife Spain). Diaz C. Galindo L. Garcia Montelongo F. Distribution of metals in some fishes from Santa Cruz de Tenerife Canary Islands Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1994 52 374. (Dept. Anal. Chem. Food Sci. and Toxicol. Univ. La Laguna 38071 La Laguna Tenerife Spain). Okina A. Miyatake K Uchida T. Minimi S. Analysis of a microwave-induced plasma cavity with an axially varied bore discharge tube Bunko Kenkyu 1993 42 289.(Dept. Appl. Phys. Fac. Eng. Osaka Univ. Suita Osaka 565 Japan). Maruta T. Yokoyama S. Ninomiya K. Yamane T. Determination of boron in cordierite-base composite ceramic powders by ICP-AES after acid decomposition using a microwave oven Bunseki Kagaku 1994 43 351. (Central Res. Lab. Chichibu Cement Co. Ltd. Yamanashi 400 Japan). Morikawa H. Studies on the analysis of ceramics by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectro- photometry and secondary-ion mass spectrometry Bunseki Kagaku 1994 43 431. (Anal. Chem. Lab. Chem. Dept. Natl. Ind. Res. Inst. Nagoya Kita Nagoya 462 Japan). Okina A. Ishizuka H. Nomura Y. Shimada R. Enhanced vortex flow torch for a helium ICP Bunseki Kagaku 1994 43 377. (Res. Lab.Nucl. Reactors Tokyo Inst. Technol. Meguro Tokyo 152 Japan). Takashima K. Toida Y. Determination of trace amounts of cadmium in zirconium and its alloys by graphite furnace AAS Bunseki Kagaku 1994 43 489. (Anal. Chem. Lab. Japan At. Energy Res. Inst. Ibaraki 319-11 Japan). Miyatani T. Suzuki H. Yosimoto O. Determination of trace amounts of boron in high-purity graphite by ICP-MS Bunseki Kagaku 1994 43 495. (Ohonohara Plant Toyo Tanso Co. Ltd. Kagawa 769-16 Japan). Kusano F. Sato S. Hisayasu N. Uchiyama M. Determination of trace selenium in calcium carbonate by hydride generation ICP-AES after distillation with hydroiodic acid Bunseki Kagaku 1994 43 533. (Okayama Ceramics Res. Found. Inst. Bizen Okayama 705 Japan). Nakagawa K. Yonemoto T. Iwasa A. Matsubara I.Optimization of the determination of beryllium in biological materials by graphite furnace AAS Bunseki Kagaku 1994 43 557. (Dept. Chem. Tokyo Women’s Med. Coll. Shinjuku Tokyo 162 Japan). Jankowski K. Application of the microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry to platinum group metals analysis Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 1994,39 381. (Dept. Anal. Chem. Tech. Univ. Warsaw 00-664 Warsaw Poland). Penninckx W. Smeyers-Verbeke J. Hartmaon C. Bourguignon B. Massart D. L. Development of a system for the detection of interferences during routine analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spec- trometry Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 1994 23 137. (Vrije Univ. Brussel 1090 Brussels Belgium). Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10 129 R951932.95/93 3. 9 519 34. 951935. 9 519 36. 9 518 37. 95/93 8. 951939. 951940. 9 51941. 951942. 9 51943. 951944. 9 51945. 130R Andrade J. M. Prada D. Muniategui S. Firpo G. Practical approach to auditing LIMS in laboratories involved with I S 0 quality assurance systems Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 1994 26 13. (Dept. Anal. Chem. Univ. Coruna 15071A Coruna Spain). Wilkes R. Megargle R. Integration of instruments and a laboratory information management system at the information level. An inductively coupled plasma spectrometer Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 1994 26 47. (Lewis Res. Center NASA Cleveland OH USA). Mills E. L. Roseman E. F. Rutzke M. Gutenmann W. H. Lisk D. J. Contaminant and nutrient element levels in soft tissues of zebra and quagga mussels from waters of southern Lake Ontario Chemosphere 1993 27 1465.(Cornell Biol. Field Station Bridgeport NY 13030 USA). Winfield S. A. Boyd N. D. Vimy M. J. Lorscheider F. L. Measurement of total mercury in biological specimens by cold vapour atomic fluorescence spec- trometry Clin. Chem. ( Winston-Salem N.C.) 1994 40 206. (Dept. Med. Physiol. Univ. Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 4N1). Bradley C. Leung F. Y. 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Determination of seven elements in edible fungi by a closed digestion- flame atomic absorption spectroscopic method Shanghai Keji Dame Xuebao 1992 15( l) 106. (Dept. Chem. Shanghai Univ. Sci. Technol. Shanghai China). Valdes-Hevia y Temprano M. C. Aizpun Fernandez B. Fernandez de la Campa M. R. Sanz-Medel A. Study of the influence of ordered media on the determination of lead by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry Anal.Chim. Acta 1993 283 175. (Dept. Phys. Anal. Chem. Fac. Chem. Univ. Oviedo c/ Julian Claveria 8 33006 Oviedo Spain). Moreno Rojas R. Amaro Lopez M. Zurera Cosano G. Mineral content of pasteurized milk produced in Andalusia Rev. ESP. Cienc. TecnoE. Aliment. 1993 33 435. (Dept. Bromatol. Technol. Aliment. Univ. Cordoba Cordoba Spain 14005). Matsushima F. Meshitsuka S. Nose T. Contents of aluminium and manganese in tea leaves and tea infusions Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 1993 48 864. (Tottori Women’s Coll. Kurayoshi Japan). Simard R. R. Ammonium acetate extractable elements Soil Sampling Methods Anal. 1993 39. (Agric. Canada Ste-Foy Quebec Canada). Blaylock M. J. James B. R. Selenite and selenate quantification by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry ion chromatography and colorimetry J.Environ. Qual. 1993 22 851. (Dept. Plant Soil Insect Sci. Univ. Wyoming Laramie WY 82071-3354 USA). Tan K. H. Henninger D. L. Mineralogy chemical composition and interaction of lunar simulants with humic acids Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 1993 24 2479. (Dept. Crop Soil Sci. Univ. Georgia Athens GA 30605 USA). Ribeiro De Oliveria R. Drude De Lacerda L. Litter production and chemical composition in Tijuca Forest RJ Rev. Bras. Bot. 1993 16(1) 93. (Serv. Ecol. Apl. Fund. Estadual Eng. 20531 Meio Ambiente Brazil). Font J. Casas M. Forteza R. Cerda V. Garcias F. Natural radioactive elements and heavy metals in coal fly ash and bottom ash from a thermal power plant Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10 137 REnuiron. Sci. Health Part A 1993 28 2061.(Dept. Phys. Univ. Balearic Islands Palma de Mallorca Spain E-0707 1 ). 95/1157. Sewards T. Brearley A. Glenn R. MacKinnon I. D. R. Siegel M. D. Nature and genesis of clay minerals of the Rustler Formation in the vicinity of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico Report 1992 SAND-90-2569; Order No. DE92040643,48 pp. (Univ. New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA). 95/1158. Chen X.-m. Zhang J.-h. Hu X.-s. Isotopic abundance measurement of potassium-40 and its formation by cosmic-ray in rocks of different origin Hunan Jiaoyu Xueyuan Xuebao 1992 10 54. (Hunan Norm. Univ. China). 95/1159. Chen C.-f. Hong T.-m. Chen S.-h. Role of hydrogen and oxygen in diamond synthesis using carbon dioxide- methane gas mixtures J. Appl. Phys. 1993 74 4483. (Inst. Mater. Sci. Eng.Natl. Chiao Tung Univ. Hsinchu Taiwan 30050). 138 R Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10

ISSN:0267-9477    

DOI:10.1039/JA995100127R

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

In Vivo Sample Uptake and On-line Measurements of Cobalt in Whole Blood by Microwave-assisted Mineralization and Flow Injection Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Journal of Analytical 1 Atomic Spectrometry I 1 Published in Celebration of the 10th Anniversary M. BURGUERA J. L. BURGUERA c . RONDON c. RIVAS P. CARRERO M. GALLIGNANI AND M. R. BRUNETTO IVAIQUIM (Andean Institute for Chemical Research) Faculty of Sciences University of Los Andes P.O. Box 542 Mhida 5101-A Venezuela An on-line automated microwave-assisted mineralization and flow injection system was developed for the determination of cobalt in whole blood with in vivo sample uptake by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The samples were drawn and at the same time pumped directly from the vein of a patient's forearm to a timed injector which is automatically controlled to inject the samplenitric acid- anticoagulant mixture into the carrier stream. Volumes (20 p1) of the mineralized samples collected in a capillary of a sampling arm assembly were introduced by means of positive displacement with air through a time-based solenoid injector (TBSI) into the graphite tube atomizer. The spectrometer autosampler used for the introduction of 10 p1 of the chemical modifier magnesium nitrate and the furnace programme were re-programmed to synchronize with the operation of the flow system.The linear range was from 0 to 50 pg 1-' of cobalt achieving a precision of 2.6 and 3.1% for 10 replicate analyses of a 5 pg 1-1 cobalt standard solution and a certified sample respectively with a detection limit of 0.3 pg 1-'.The agreement between the observed and certified values obtained from Seronorm Whole Blood Standard Reference Materials was good. The results obtained by using an in-batch procedure were found to linearly increase by 5% during the time interval between sample collection and analysis for the first hour; after this time the results for cobalt levelled off and were then in close agreement with those obtained by the on-line procedure proposed here. Keywords Cobalt; whole blood; on-line mineralization; microwave-oven mineralization; flow injection; electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry Interest in metals as essential elements for normal biological development or as potential sources of danger to health has resulted in many reports dealing with methods for their determination in biological materials. Cobalt is a vital trace element that is required in the normal diet of man in the form of cyanocobalamin complex (vitamin B1,) and in animal nutrition specially for ruminants where it is utilized for synthesis of vitamin B12 by rumen bacteria.' The concentration of cobalt in whole blood is low usually at part-per-billion levels,2 and its determination in this matrix is therefore difficult. Results differing by several orders of magnitude almost certainly reflect methodological errors rather than true vari- ations of environmental origin. For this reason diagnosis of cobalt deficiency is usually made indirectly by determination of vitamin B, or methylmalonic acid4 levels.However the measurement of the concentration of cobalt in whole blood may provide valuable clinical information in certain circum- stances of cobalt therapy5 and for monitoring persons who are occupationally exposed to this element.6 Occupational exposure to cobalt can occur by inhalation in industries that use or manufacture super alloys hard-facing alloy or cemented and tungsten Owing to the low levels of cobalt involved its determination by colorimetric methods requires a preconcentration step that also increases the risk of interferences and of sample contamination.Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) offers the required sensitivity allows direct analysis of the digested sample avoids the preconcentration step saves time and reduces contamination risks or loss of analyte.Spectral physical and chemical interferences can be eliminated or mini- mized by use of background correction systems chemical modifiers and a L'vov platform. Since Burguera et al." and Fang et ~ 1 . ' ' first described the applications of flow injection (FI) systems for on-line micro- wave digestions and preconcentration in connection with conventional flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and ETAAS respectively attempts have been made to provide truly on-line systems.'2-16 The development of time-based injectors,1791s which are readily suitable for automated routine operations with a significant reduction of sample and reagent consumption offered new possibilities in the development of on-line systems. Recently a time-based injector has offered the possibility of developing in vivo sample uptake and on-line measurements of zinc and copper in whole blood by micro- wave-assisted mineralization and FI-FAAS." In the work presented here an attempt is made to develop a similar system but coupled with ETAAS for the determination of cobalt in whole blood which exhibits all the basic advantages of an on-line procedure and additionally without exposure of the sample to the environment EXPERIMENTAL The FI-ETAAS system is shown schematically in Fig.1. The instrumentation tubing (11-1,) and reagents were as previously de~cribed,''~~' unless otherwise stated. The light source was a 10mA conventional cobalt hollow cathode lamp and a deu- terium-arc background corrector was used throughout. The wavelength used was 324.8 nm with a spectral bandpass of 0.7 nm.The carrier stream was of 0.01 moll-' nitric acid. A 1000 mg I-' stock standard solution of cobalt was prepared by dissolving 4.036 g of cobalt chloride (CoC12.6H20 Analar reagent grade from Merck) in a minimum volume of nitric acid (1 + 1) and diluting to 100 ml to give a 0.5 moll- nitric acid and 3% by volume of glycerol final concentration solution. Working cobalt standards were freshly prepared as required Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10 343l - l - - - T - l /$$ r - - - - - - - - I I 1 I I I ' I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I Solehid I Computer Vacuum Was 1 Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the FI-MWO-ETAAS manifold 11-17 tubing length; V,-V valves of the time-based solenoid injector; R1 mixing tube; R sample/reagent entrapment tubing; I valve injector; SAA sampling arm assembly.For further details and operating procedure see text by suitable dilution of the stock standard with 1% v/v nitric acid. All glassware was soaked for 1 h in 20% nitric acid and then rinsed with water before use. The 5 m of 0.8 mm i.d. poly( tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) tubing inside the oven was wrapped around a 3 cm glass holder. For 'in batch' measurements 10ml of blood were drawn into plastic syringes. Each syringe was first washed with 10% v/v nitric acid and rinsed with water to ensure that it was 'metal free'. Then 5 ml of the blood sample were diluted with 5 ml of 0.01% v/v Triton X-100 and partially digested with 5 ml of 0.2% v/v of nitric acid.This mixture was subjected to ultrasonic shaking for a period of 10min before analysis by ETAAS using the same procedure described elsewhere.21 Sample (20 pl) and Mg( NO& chemical modifier solution (10 pl) were dispensed onto the platform using the programme recorded in Table 1. For the present work the time-based solenoid injector (TBSI)17 (Fig. 1) has two sets of tubing (set 1 V V2 V4 and V,; set 2 V3 and V5) which are used for regulating the introduction and mixing of sample and reagents and to carry this mixture downstream through the FI system. The duration and function of each sequence of the FI-microwave oven (MWO) programme are described as follows. In sequence 1 pump 1 was activated the tubing set 1 was opened and the tubing set 2 was closed to allow the carrier solution to flow to waste 2 through valve I and to mix sample ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitric acid solu- tions inside R and to fill R2.The duration of this sequence was 60 s. In sequence 2 as the solenoid valve of the TBSI is switched to the alternate position (injection cycle) the carrier solution is diverted to displace the sample/reagent mixture from R2 toward the MWO which was turned on. After the passage of the sample/reagent mixture through the coiled PTFE tubing located inside the MWO ( l J the power of the oven was turned off. Thereafter the sample plug passed through the coil immersed in the ice trap. The earlier section of the mineralized sample-reagent mixture plug went to waste 2 through valve I which was turned to divert the flowing stream to fill the tubing of the solenoid injector 1 and of the sampling arm assembly (SAA) in the rest position.When this tubing was filled with the intermediate section of the sample-reagent plug it was Table 1 deuterium background correction Recommended tube atomizer programme settings using in-batch and on-line measurements; integrated absorbance was measured with Assay step Mode of measurement Parameter In-batch TemperaturerC Ramp/s Hold/s Internal gas flow rate/ml min - Temperature/"C Ramp/s Hold/s Internal gas flow rate/ml min-' Integration tme = 4 s Integration time = 5 s On-line Dry 160 10 20 300 90/150 5/10 10/20 300 Pyrolysis 1400 5 10 300 500/1400 40/20 10/20 300 Atomize 2400 0 5 0 2500 0 5 0 Cool 20 0 20 300 20 2 20 300 Clean 2800 2 2 300 2600 1 2 300 344 Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol.10turned back to its initial position to discard the later section of this plug. The duration of this sequence was 80 s. In sequence 3 the synchronous activation of the solenoid injector allowed the sequential deposition of 2Opl of min- eralized sample onto the graphite tube platform by means of the SAA alternatively operated in the waste 3 and injection mode. This sequence was timed to synchronize with the spectrometer computer which had been pre-programmed to introduce the chemical modifier to each aliquot of the sample and to run the furnace temperature (Table 1). The duration of this sequence was 200 s per measurement. In sequence 4 the washing procedure was performed. The tubing sets were activated as specified in sequence 1.In this way while the carrier solution flows to waste 2 through I a solution of nitric and hydrochloric acids (0.5 moll-' each) was pumped through the sampling tube to waste 1 and then the sequences 2 and 3 were followed. This operation was repeated three times between the analysis of different samples. A calibration graph was obtained by the introduction of working standard solutions through the sampling tube and following the sequences 1-4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Preliminary Experiments When blood and acid (nitric sulfuric hydrochloric or per- chloric) were introduced through two independent channels continual obstruction resulted inside the tubing due to the formation of blood clots which resulted from blood depro- teinization. Therefore the procedure for analysis involved the use of a third channel with the anticoagulant EDTA.The introduction of EDTA satisfactorily prevented blood coagu- lation because unlike water it causes complete lysis of the red cells and minimizes frothing with an improvement of the sample plug flowing capacity. Standard Solution An investigation of the effect of viscosity on the absorbance signals was carried out by adding different proportions of glycerol to the aqueous standard solutions to match the viscosity of the blood samples because the sample uptake rate changes with viscosity. This effect is specially observed for glycerol water ratios of < 3 97 and > 10 90 by volume. With a glycerol water ratio of 5 95 there was no apparent carbon- aceous residue build-up but the dry and pyrolysis steps were critical (see below) and the volume uptake of samples and standard solutions was almost the same with a difference of < 5%.These steps gave background absorbance values well within the deuterium background corrector capability and about 400 firings could be obtained per platform and tube atomizer before the precision was noticeably degraded. standard solutions prepared in 0.5mol I-' of each acid and 5% by volume of glycerol. The slopes of the graphs obtained with hydrochloric and sulfuric acids were statistically different from those obtained without the addition of acid. The slopes of the eleven graphs obtained with nitric and perchloric acids did not vary by more than 3%. Hence in principle the method of standard additions did not have to be used if 0.5 moll-' nitric or perchloric acids were used for sample mineralization.These results could be attributed to an incomplete mineraliz- ation process when hydrochloric and sulfuric acids were used. Even with long ramp times and varied pyrolysis cycles it was impossible to reduce the non-atomic absorption caused by the organic matrix when these acids were used. Although the addition of perchloric acid mineralized the bulk of the organic matter thereby minimizing the formation of carbonaceous residues and the 'smoke' signal it generated too much gaseous end products which could not be successfully removed by the gas diffusion cell (Fig. 1). The generation of these gaseous products greatly influenced the precision of the results which varied between 15 and 25% relative standard deviation (RSD).When nitric acid was used a maximum absorbance with acceptable repeatability (RSD < 4.0% for 5 pg 1- ' Co n = 10) was obtained. In view of these results nitric acid was chosen for further studies. However higher concentrations of nitric acid were avoided as they might cause severe oxidation of the pyrolytic coating of the graphite tube a shortened tube life a degraded precision and sensitivity and an increased risk of contamination.22 Optimization of Flow Injection Conditions In the manifold employed the FI conditions that significantly affected the accuracy and precision of measurements were those related to the degree of sample dissolution in the microwave cavity.These conditions were the tubing length inside the oven and the carrier flow rate. By varying both parameters the residence time of the sample-reagent mixture in the oven can be adjusted. Table 2 summarizes the recovery precision and residence time of the sample-reagent mixture in the oveni3 found for the determination of cobalt in whole blood using different coil lengths and carrier flow rates. The following general prevailing observations were made (i) the residence time of the sample-reagent mixture in the oven must be optimal to achieve satisfactory mineralization and therefore to obtain accurate results; (ii) higher carrier flow rates provided more precise results; (iii) longer tubing lengths tended to provide less precise results; and (iv) too short a coil length produced less accurate results.Generally too Table 2 Recovery of cobalt from a pool of blood samples precision of the analysis and sample residence time inside the MWO as a function of digestion coil length and different flow rates of the carrier solution Optimization of Sample Mineralization Conditions The sample-reagent mixture was continuously passed through the MWO operating at a power level of 300 W which ensures the appropriate conditions to mineralize the sample. An additional load of 500 ml of water was located inside the oven to avoid damage of the magnetron. The four acids hydrochloric nitric sulfuric and perchloric tested for protein mineralization were compared in terms of the slopes of the graphs obtained from standard solutions. The slopes of the four graphs for 0.5 moll-' hydrochloric sulfuric perchloric and nitric acids were 0.010 (r=0.9996) 0.009 (r= 0.9999) 0.008 (r = 0.9999) and 0.007 (r = 0.9999) respectively.In view of these results ten pooled whole blood sample specimens were selected and analysed by the method of the standard additions with the different acids and using aqueous Coil Carrier flow rate length/m /ml min-' 0.5 1 3 5 2.5 1 3 5 5 1 3 5 10 1 3 5 Sample residence time in MWO/s 15 5 3 75 25 15 150 50 30 300 100 60 Recovery* RSD 92 3.2 87 3.0 85 2.9 97 3.6 96 3.2 92 3 .O 100 4.5 101 3.4 96 3.0 101 10.4 99 4.3 100 3.2 (Yo) (%) * Endogenous and added cobalt concentrations were 1.7 and 2.0 pg 1- ' respectively. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10 345large a coil length increased the sample dispersion/dilution processes" and higher flow rates made the transport of stan- dards and samples more comparable when treated in the MW0.23 However the most important FI parameter to be optimized was residence time of the sample-reagent mixture in the oven.When low residence times were used (< 30 s) poor recovery values were obtained owing to an incomplete min- eralization of sample. Whereas at residence times of >75 s the precision deteriorated owing to a constant changing of the flow rate because of gas evolution generated during the min- eralization process which could not be removed efficiently by the gas-liquid phase separator used in this work.20 A coil length of 5 m with a carrier flow rate of 3mlmin-' (which gave a sample residence time of 50 s) were found to be adequate for good sampling rate accuracy and precision and were selected for further work. Chemical Modification and Optimization of ETAAS Conditions Several a ~ t h o r s ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ha ve recently used Mg(N03)2 as a chemical modifier in conjunction with a L'vov platform to eliminate interferences when determining cobalt in biological materials.In this study the integrated absorbances obtained with different amounts of magnesium nitrate (10 20 50 and 100 pg) enabled a higher pyrolysis temperature to be used (1400 instead of 1200°C) without loss of cobalt. Above a pyrolysis temperature of 1450 "C there was a dramatic decrease in the amount of cobalt present at atomization. A pyrolysis temperature of 1400°C was chosen as optimum.The concen- tration selected (5 81-l) was the minimum amount of Mg(N03) necessary to ensure no loss of cobalt in the mineralized blood matrix. One of the reasons for difficulties met by other analysts in determining cobalt in biological matrices may be that the parameters for drying pyrolysis and atomization have not been optimized. Therefore in this work various drying and pyrolysis temperatures were used with various heating rates. Firstly irreproducible losses of analyte due to splattering would result if the sample is incompletely dried. Secondly a rapid ramp rate could cause covolatilization of the cobalt species with the matrix constituents. When a single drying and charring step were performed even with long ramp times and varied temperatures the uneven drying of the sample and the buildup of ash from incomplete sample ashing made it imposs- ible to reduce the background caused by the organic matrix sufficiently for adequate background correction.After only 30 firings of the graphite furnace the buildup of ash on the platform noticeably degraded the precision preventing accu- rate analysis. Therefore various drying and pyrolysis tempera- tures with various heating rates were tried. The drying and pyrolysis of each sample with a series of gradually elevated temperatures and ramp times set between 10 and 40 s proved to be more effective in preventing splattering than rapid ramping to the highest temperature of each cycle and holding for a longer time period. When the furnace programme given in Table 1 was used the background levels produced by the matrix were within the capability of the deuterium-arc back- ground correction system.The results of a cobalt atomization study showed that the integrated absorbance increased very slowly with increasing atomization temperature between 2400 and 3000 "C; 2500 "C was selected for the atomization tempera- ture. It is interesting to note that in this work the mixing of blood samples with Triton X-100 improved the drying charac- teristics of the sample26 and reduced the accumulation of carbonaceous resid~es.'~ Analytical Performance The calibration graph for integrated absorbance was obtained from the results of triplicate 20 pl volumes of acid-EDTA- Table 3 Optimised MWO mineralization and FI conditions Parameter MWO- Power control/W Tubing length inside the oven/m Nitric acid concentration/mol I-' Acid volume/ml EDTA concentration/g 1-' EDTA volume/ml Sample volume/ml Carrier flow rate/ml min-' Sampling pump rate/ml min-' Vacuum pressure to the gas diffusion cell/cm Hg Mineralization- FI- Value 300 5 0.5 2 80 0.4 2 30 60 0.5 cobalt standard mixture and 10 pl of Mg(N03)2 using the furnace temperature programme and MWO-FI optimized conditions summarized in Tables 1 and 3 respectively. The absorbance increased linearly with element concentration as expressed by the regression equation Aco =0.002 +0.007 [Co] r = 0.9999 for the range 0-50 pg 1-l of cobalt.A detection limit of 0.3 pg 1-1 Co ( 6 pg) was obtained (twice the standard deviation of the integrated absorbance measurements).The characteristic mass m was 6.1 pg of Co per 0.0044 s. The precision of the data was tested in a series of ten replicate analyses of a 5 pg 1-' Co standard solution and a Seronorm certified reference material (CRM) Batch 905 Whole Blood giving RSDs of 2.6 and 3.1% respectively. The accuracy of the procedure was investigated by determining the cobalt content in Seronorm CRM Batches 905 (with 5 pg 1- Co) and 906 (with 1Opg1-1 Co) Whole Blood samples. The results obtained (4.8 and 9.7 pg 1-I) were in good agreement with the certified values. Analysis of Whole Blood Samples The proposed FI-MWO-ETAAS method was applied to the determination of cobalt in the whole blood of twenty healthy subjects not occupationally exposed to the metal and non- smokers. The results summarized in Table 4 were compared with those obtained by in batch measurements using EDTA (4 mg ml-' of blood) heparin and sodium citrate (5 mg ml-I of blood) as blood anticoagulants. Each value is the mean of four independent sample dissolution analyses. When sodium citrate was used a continuously high blank level was found and therefore its use was avoided for further studies.When heparin was added a high cobalt content was found in all samples (results similar to those previously obtained when zinc and copper were determined in whole blood by FI-MWO-AAS") and its use was also avoided. Although ultra-pure chemicals and colourless pipette tips were used in this work and checked for contamination when 'in batch' measurements were performed slightly higher results were always obtained indicating that some minor sources of external contamination could exist.These could come from the chemicals (specially from the anticoagulant) sample and solutions containers sample handling and air-borne contamination. These experimental evidences support the applicability of the proposed procedure for the determination of cobalt in whole blood with good precision and accuracy. The in vivo sampling and on-line mineralization step reduces sampling handling minimizes the possibility of sample contamination and makes complete automation of the analysis possible. Generally the most frequently published reports on cobalt content in body fluids are for blood plasma or ~ e r u m ~ ~ - ~ l little information is available on cobalt content in whole blood.Extremely variable cobalt concentrations in human whole 346 Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry May 1995 Vol. 10Table 4 Cobalt determination in whole blood of healthy subjects and patients receiving oral cobalt sulfate as treatment for anemia Cobalt content/pg 1-' f RSD No. of subjects 20 10 Type of subject Healthy Patient No. of determinations 10 8 In batch 1 .SO & 0.05 4.50 0.13 On-line 1.50+0.04 4.20 f 0.09 blood of unexposed subjects have been reported as follows 0.07-0.36 (mean 0.18) (ref. 32); 2.0-2.8 (mean 2.4) (ref. 1); 1.5-2.0 (ref. 6); 1.7-15 (ref. 33); 5-10 (ref. 34); 3.5-63 (mean 43) (ref. 35); and 86 (ref. 36) pg1-l Co. Although differences in food intake may influence the cobalt content in whole blood the risk of obtaining high values because of extraneous additions is important in the case of cobalt and there are good reasons to suppose that these data result either from methodological errors and/or from analyses of improperly handled samples.28 The authors acknowledge the financial support given by the CONICIT Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnol6gicas (Project Sl).REFERENCES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Barfoot R. A. and Pritchard J. G. Analyst 1980 105 551. Blanchflower W. J. Cannavan A. and Kennedy D. G. Analyst 1990 115 1322. Goto T. and Ozaki T. Mizu Shori Gijutsu 1979 20 1139. de Jong G. J. and Brinkman U. A. J. Radioanal. Chem. 1977 35 223. Underwood E. I. Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition Academic Press New York 1977. Delves H. T.Mensikov R. and Hinks L. in Trace Element- Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology eds. Bratter P. and Schramel P. 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ISSN:0267-9477    

DOI:10.1039/JA9951000343

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC