摘要:

THE ANALYST READER ENQUIRY SERVICE1 1SEP‘951For further information about any of the products featured in the advertisements in this issue, please writethe appropriate number in one of the boxes below.Postage paid if posted in the British Isles but overseas readers must affix a stamp.POST LODEBUSINESS REPLY SERVICELicence No. WD 106i1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIIII1IIII1Postagewill bepaid byLicenseeDo not affix Postage Stamps if posted in Gt. Britain,Channel Islands, N. Ireland or the Isle of Man2IIIIIIIIII1IIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1III1IIIIII‘II1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIfI1IIIIIIIISENSORS & SIGNALS 111A joint meeting of the Republic of Ireland Subregion, the Chemometrics Group and the ElectroanalyticalGroup of the Analytical Division of The Royal Society of Chemistry will be held onOctober 26-27,1995inThe Grand Hotel, Malahide, Co DublinThe Scientific Programme will consist of a series of oral presentations from eminent analytical chemists anda poster session.Speakers will include: P.Brown, T. Feam, P. Hailey, J. Slater, J. Alderman, R. Fotster, V. Casey,G. Guilbault, D. ffeiffec J. P. Hart, E. Dempsey, G.G. Wallace, J. McLaughlin and D. WoolfsonAnyone wishing to submit a poster should send an abstract to Dr D. Diamond by 15 September, 1995.For information please contact Dr Dermot Diamond, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University,Dublin 9, Ireland. Tel: +353 1 7045404; Fax: +353 1 7045503.The Analyst will be the official journal for papers resulting from this meeting, subject to the normalrefereeing process.NEW Catalogue of BASCertified Reference MaterialsNEW Catalogue of Outside-Source Reference Materialsnow availableFor copies, please apply to:BUREAU OF ANALYSED SAMPLES LTDNewham Hall, Newby, MiddlesbroughCleveland, England, TS8 9EATelephone: (01642) 300500Fax: (01642) 315209Focus on Diagnostics...an important NEW monthly newsletterSupplying crucial information drawn from both technicaland commercial sources, this new publication bringstogether material that i s otherwise difficult to access.Product, market and company iqformation for diagnosticsin the human health, animal health and agricultural sectorsis covered quickly, worldwide. The newsletter is edited byan expert on the subject, who provides valuable analysisand comment. Focus on Diagnostics i s a MUST for all thoseworking in the sector.000With Focus on Diagnostics you can:scan ALL the relevant news in one placegain information vital to your businessbe alerted to news you would otherwise misspinpoint potential competitor products whilst still atthe r&d stageread about forthcoming conferences and key eventsSubscribe to Focus on Diagnostics andkeep one step ahead!For a FREE sample please contact:ROYALCHEMISTRlInformationServicesAlison Hey, Royal Society of Chemistry,Thomas Graham House, Science Park,Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 4WF, U.K.Tel: +44 (0) 223 420066Fax: +44 (0) 223 42342Vllth International Symposium on Luminescence Spectrometry inBiomedical AnalysisDetection Techniques and Applications in Chromatography andCapillary ElectrophoresisUniversite de Nice (Sophia Antipolis), FranceApril 17-19, 1996This symposium, organized by the University of Ghent (Belgium) in collaboration with the Universityof Nice, the University of Tokyo and the Complutense University of Madrid, envisages to report onthe current status and future developments in the field of luminescence techniques used in drugquality control, clinical, chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, toxicological, food, environmentalanalyses and in related areas.Specific topics include drug and bioanalysis via fluorescence, NIR-fluorescence, laser fluorescence,delayed fluorescence, phosphorescence, bioluminescence and chemiluminescence;chemiluminescence and fluorescence immunoassays; total, synchronous and solid-surfaceluminescence; thermochemiluminescence; luminescence detection techniques in chromatographyand in capillary electrophoresis; chemical deriva tiza tion methods; p ho tochemica Ily-inducedfluorescence methods; luminescence detection techniques in flo w-injection analysis; thedevelopment of fluorigenic reagents and probes; fluorescent particle imaging; fluorescencepolarization, molecular dynamics and related phenomena; the development of highly specific andsensitive luminescent systems for the determination of macromolecules in biological samples; theuse of expert systems in the analysis of luminescence data generated by HPLC; fibre opticalsensots in biomedical sciences; biomedical applications of luminescence in organized media; thedevelopment of high-resolution luminescence methods; use of fluorescence and chemiluminescencelabels and substrates; lanthanide luminescence spectroscopy; the fluorigenic estimation of enzymeactivities; the use of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra; and the application of computer-aidedfluorescence spectroscopy to the determination of drugs and metabolites.Original research papers can be submitted by registered participants to be presented in a generalposter session; upon invitation, oral presentation may be suggested.A technical exhibition (instruments, reagents, materials, books) will be held throughout the meeting.An industrial forum will treat highlights in fields of luminescence and chromatographic capillaryelectrophoretic analysis.For information please contact:Professor Willy R.G.Baeyens, Symposium Chairman,University of Ghent,Pharmaceutical I ns ti t u te ,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis,Laboratory of Drug Quality Control,Harelbekestraat 72,B-9000 GhentBelgiumFax: +32 9 221 41 75; Tel: +32 9 221 89 51; E-mail: willy.baeyens@rug.ac.beThe Analyst will be the official journal for papers resulting from this meeting.Papers will berefereed in the usual mannerCONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT199 5 FIRST MEDITERRANEAN BASINCONFERENCE ON ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRYCordoba, Spain 5-10 November, 1995In order to promote collaboration among analytical scientists of the wholeMediterranean Basin, the 1995 First Mediterranean Basin Conference onAnalytical Chemistry will provide an adequate forum for reporting andthoroughly discussing the latest research results in basic and instrumentaldevelopments in Analytical Chemistry.Other aims of this Conference are:- To promote new opportunities for young scientists in the MediterraneanSea area (particularly for those in the Southern Bank): to attend internationalmeetings in countries of the region, to attend training workshops on newanalytical techniques, to attend short courses on new techniques and trends inAnalytical Chemistry and to establish new links for research in/or othercountries of the region.- To stimulate the progress of Analytical Chemistry as a whole by solvinganalytical problems affecting the Mediterranean Area.The program has been designed to attract participants from industry,universities and research centers.The program will comprise invited plenary andkey-note lecturers, contributed oral papers, and posters, distributed in severalSymposia covering the following topics: Education of Analytical Chemistry,Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Agriculture and Food Analysis,Geoanalytical Chemistry and Benefitiation of Minerals, Biomedical Analysis,Archeometry and Art Objects Preservation, Quality Assurance and Harmonizationof Proceduies.A few Short Courses, Special Sessions on "hot" topics, and an Exhibition ofInstrumentation has also been arranged.Invited lecturers who have already confirmed their contribution include M.ValcArcel, I.B.Brenner, D. Barcelo, S. Caroli, A. Laachach. O.X.F. Donnard, M. M.Khater, H. Muntau, J. Albaiges, B.Y. Meklati, P. Quevauviller, etc.CALL FOR PAPERSTitles of submitted oral or poster presentations are solicited with the preliminaryregistration card by 30 May, 1995. Submission of final Conference Abstracts arerequested not later than 30 June, 1995.SOCIAL ACTIVITIESVaried social activities, including a visit to Granada, are being planned.FURTHER INFORMATIONFor further information and pre-registration forms, please contact:Prof. Alfred0 Sanz-Medel (Chairman)Department of Physical and Analytical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of OviedoC/ Julian Claveria, s/n33006WedoSPAIN Phone: 34-8-5 103480 o 34-8-5 103474FAX: 34-8-5 10312

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN99520BP032

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

'""Aria I y s tThe Analytical Journal of The Royal Society of ChemistryAnalytical Editorial BoardChairman: J. N. Miller (Loughborough, UK)M. Cooke (Sheffield, UK)C. S. Creaser (Nottingham, UK)A. G. Davies (London, UK)A. G. Fogg (Loughborough, UK)J. M. Gordon (Cambridge, UK)G. M. Greenway (Hull, UK)S. J. Hill (Plymouth, UK)D. L. Miles (Keyworth, UK)R. M. Miller (Gouda, The Netherlands)B. L. Sharp (Loughborough, UK)M. R. Smyth (Dublin, Ireland)Y. Thomassen (Oslo, Norw~y)P. Vadgama (Manchester, UK)Advisory BoardJ. F. Alder (Manchester, UK)A. M. Bond (Victoria, Ausgalia)J. G. Dorsey (Cincinnati, OH, USA)L. Ebdon (Plymouth, UK) -A. F. Fell (Bradford, UK)J. P. Foley (Villanova, PA, USA)M. F. Gine (Sao Paulo, Brazil)T. P. Hadjiioannou (Athens, Greece)W.R. Heineman (Cincinnati, OH, USA)A. Hulanicki (Warsaw, Poland)I. Karube (Yokohama, Japan)E. J. Newman (Poole, UK)J. Pawliszyn (Waterloo, Canada)T. B. Pierce (Harwell, UK)E. Pungor (Budapest, Hungary)J. R8iiCka (Seattle, WA, USA)R. M. Smith (Loughborough, UK)K. Stu I ik (Prague, Czechoslovakia)J. D. R. Thomas (Cardiff, UK)J. M. Thompson (Birmingham, UK)K. C. Thompson (Sheffield, UK)P. C. Uden (Amherst, MA, USA)A. M. Ure (Aberdeen, UK)C. M. G. van den Berg (Liverpool, UK)A. Walsh, KB (Melbourne, Australia)J. Wang (Las Cruces, NM, USA)T. S. West (Aberdeen, UK)Regional Advisory EditorsFor advice and help to authors outside the UKProfessor Dr. U. A. Th. Brinkman, Free University of Amsterdam, 1083 de Boelelaan, 1081 HVAmsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS.Professor P.R. Coulet, Laboratoire de Genie Enzymatique, EP 19 CNRS-Universite ClaudeBernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex,FRANCE.Professor 0. Osibanjo, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, NIGERIA.Professor F. Palmisano, Universita Degli Studi-Bari, Departimento di Chimica CampusProfessor K. Saito, Coordination Chemistry Laboratories, Institute for Molecular Science,Professor M. Thompson, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. GeorgeProfessor Dr. M. ValcBrcel, Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Facultad de Ciencias,Professor J. F. van Staden, Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002,Professor Yu Ru-Qin, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University,Professor Yu.A. Zolotov, Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, 31 LeninUniversitario, 4 Trav. 200 Re David-70126 Bari, ITALY.Myodaiji, Okazaki 444, JAPAN.Street, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA M5S 1Al.Universidad de Cordoba, 14005 Cbrdoba, SPAIN.SOUTH AFRICA.Changsha, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA.Avenue, 117907, Moscow V-71, RUSSIA.Editorial Manager, Analytical Journals: Janice M. GordonEditor, The AnalystHarpal S. MinhasThe Royal Society of Chemistry,Thomas Graham House, Science Park,Milton Road, Cambridge, UK CB4 4WFFax +44(0)1223 420247.E-Mail :Analyst@RSC.ORG(lnternet)Senior Assistant Editor Assistant EditorsCaroline SeeleyUS Associate Editor, The AnalystDr Julian F.TysonDepartment of Chemistry,University of Massachusetts,Box 3451 0 Am herst MATelephone +I 413 545 0195Fax +I 413 545 4846Sarah Williams, Yasmin KhanTelephone +44(0)1223 420066. 01 003-451 0, USAEditorial Secretaries: CI a i re Harris, Frances Tho msonAdvertisements: Advertisement Department, The Royal Society of Chemistry, BurlingtonHouse, Piccadilly, London, UK WIV OBN. Telephone +44(0)171-287 3091.Fax +44(0)171-494 1134.Information for AuthorsFull details of how to submit material forpublication in The Analyst are given in theInstructions to Authors in the January issue.Separate copies are available on request.The Analyst publishes original researchpapers, critical reviews, tutorial reviews,perspectives, news articles, book reviewsand a conference diary.Original research papers.The Analyst pub-lishes full papers on all aspects of the theoryand practice of analytical chemistry, funda-mental and applied, inorganic and organic,including chemical, physical, biochemical,clinical, pharmaceutical, biological, environ-mental, automatic and computer-basedmethods. Papers on new approaches toexisting methods, new techniques andinstrumentation, detectors and sensors, andnew areas of application with due attentionto overcoming limitations and to underlyingprinciples are all equally welcome.Full critical reviews. These must be acritical evaluation of the existing state ofknowledge on a particular facet of analyticalchemistry.Tutorial reviews.These should be infor-mally written although they should still be acritical evaluation of a specific topic area.Some history and possible future develop-ments should be given. Potential authorsshould contact the Editor before writingreviews.Perspectives. These articles shouldprovide either a personal view or a philoso-phical look at a topic relevant to analyticalscience. Alternatively, they may be relevanthistorical articles. Perspectives are includedat the discretion of the Editor.Particular attention should be paid to theuse of standard methods of literaturecitation, including the journal abbreviationsdefined in Chemical Abstracts ServiceSource Index. Wherever possible, thenomenclature employed should followIUPAC recommendations, and units andsymbols should be those associated with SI.Every paper will be submitted to at leasttwo referees, by whose advice the EditorialBoard of The Analyst will be guided as to itsacceptance or rejection.Papers that areaccepted must not be published elsewhereexcept by permission. Submission of amanuscript will be regarded as an under-taking that the same material is not being.considered for publication by anotherjournal.Regional Advisory Editors. For the benefitof potential contributors outside the UK andN. America, a Group of Regional AdvisoryEditors exists. Requests for help or advice onmatters related to the preparation of papersand their submission for publication in TheAnalystcan be sent to the nearest member ofthe Group.Currently serving RegionalAdvisory Editors are listed in each issue ofThe Analyst.Manuscripts (four copies typed in doublespacing) should be addressed to:H. S. Minhas, Editor, orJ. F. Tyson, US Associate EditorAll queries relating to the presentation andsubmission of papers, and any correspon-dence regarding accepted papers andproofs, should be directed either to theEditor, or Associate Editor, The Analyst.Members of the Analytical Editorial Board(who may be contacted directly or via theEditorial Office) would welcome comments,suggestions and advice on general policymatters concerning The Analyst.There is no page charge.Fifty reprints are supplied free of charge.The Analyst (ISSN 0003-2654) is published monthly by The Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road,Cambridge, UK CB4 4WF.All orders, accompanied with payment by cheque in sterling, payable on a UK clearing bank or in US dollars payableon a US clearing bank, should be sent directly to The Royal Society of Chemistry, Turpin Distribution Services Ltd., Blackhorse Road,Letchworth, Herts, UK SG6 1 HN. Turpin Distribution Services Ltd., is wholly owned by the Royal Society of Chemistry. 1995 Annual subscriptionrate EC f408.00, USA $749.00, Canada f428.00 (excl. GST), Rest of World f428.00. Purchased with Analytical Abstracts EC f807.00, USA$1472.00, Canada f841 .OO (excl. GST), Rest of World f841 .OO. Purchased with Analytical Abstracts plus Analytical Proceedings EC f925.00, USA$1699.00, Canada f971.00 (excl. GST), Rest of World f971 .OO. Purchased with Analytical Proceedings EC f492.00, USA$905.00, Canada f517.00(excl. GST), Rest of World f517.00. Airfreight and mailing in the USA by Publications Expediting Inc., 200 Meacham Avenue, Elmont, NY 11003.USA Postmaster: Send address changes to: The Analyst, Publications Expediting Inc., 200 Meacham Avenue, Elmont, NY 11003. Second classpostage paid at Jamaica, NY 11431. All other despatches outside the UK by Bulk Airmail within Europe, Accelerated Surface Post outsideEurope. PRINTED IN THE UK.@ The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1995. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photographic, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of thepublishers

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN99520FX042

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

ANALAO 120(9) 2303-2434,117N-l30N (1 995) SEPTEMBER 1995I II I in HHIEDITORIALCH E MOM ETRICS/STATISTICSAMC11TUTORIAL REVIEWBIOASSAY METHODSSEPARATION SCIENCESPECTROSCOPYELECTROCHEMISTRYFLOW METHODSREVIEW117N23032309231 3233723432347235323572361236723712377238 123872393240 12407'"An a I y s tThe analytical journal of The Royal Society of ChemistryCONTENTSUncertainty in an Uncertain World-Michael ThompsonUncertainty of Measurement: Implications of Its Use in Analytical Science-Analytical Methods CommitteeOn the Collaborative Trial in Sampling-Michael H. Ramsey, Ariadni Argyraki, Michael ThompsonDeconvolution of Mixtures by Factor Analysis-Richard G. BreretonDetection of Irradiated Chicken Meat by Analysis of Lipid Extracts for 2-Substituted Cyclobutanones Usingan Enzyme Linked lmmunosorbent Assay-Christopher T.Elliott, Lynne Hamilton, The Late M. HillaryStevenson, William J. McCaughey, Derek BoydAmperometric Detector for High-performance Liquid Chromatography, Featuring a Glassy Carbon WorkingElectrode Array in the Wall-jet Configuration-Tom McCreedy, Peter R. FieldenDetermination of Furazolidone in Porcine Tissue Using Thermospray Liquid Chromatography-MassSpectrometry and a Study of the Pharmacokinetics and Stability of Its Residues-Robert J. McCracken, W.John Blanchflower, Chris Rowan, Maurice A. McCoy, D. Glenn KennedyAnalytical Chemist's Approach to Heterogeneous Catalysis. Gas Chromatographic-Mass SpectrometricCharacterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as a Fingerprint of Active Sites inHydrocarbon-reforming Catalysts-Carlo Dossi, Achille Fusi, Sandro Recchia, Sonia Calmotti, RinaldoPsaroQuantitative Determination of Functional Thiol Groups on Intact Cell Surfaces by Resonance RamanSpectroscopy-Mary O'Donnell, W.Ewen Smith, Angus C. MacCuish, Rhoda WilsonQuantitative Fourier Transform Near-infrared Spectroscopy in the Quality Control of Solid PharmaceuticalFormulations-Elena Dreassi, Giuseppe Ceramelli, Piero Corti, Maurizio Massacesi, Piero Luigi PerruccioDetermination of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in Porcine and Bovine Kidneys by Electrothermal AtomicAbsorption Spectrometry-Maria E. Soares, Maria L. Bastos, Margarida FerreiraElectrocatalytic Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid at [Osmi~m(2,2'-bipyridyl)~-(poly-4-vinylpyridine),~~]Cl-modified Electrodes; Implications for the Development of Biosensors Based on Osmium-containing RedoxRelays-Andrew P.Doherty, Margaret A. Stanley, Johannes G. VosScreen-printed Electrodes for Nitrite Based on Anion-exchanger-doped Carbon Inks-Christian G .Neuhold, Joseph Wang, Xiaohua Cai, Kurt KalcherRole of Plasticizers on thq Characteristics of Poly(viny1 chloride)-membrane Lithium-selective ElectrodesBased on Phenantnroline Derivatives-Tatsuhiro Okada, Hideki Sugihara, Kazuhisa HirataniPotentiometric Titration of Phenols in Non-aqueous Polar Extract-Ya. I. Korenman, T. N. YermolaevaAssessment of Quality of Flow Injection Methods Used in Food Ana1ysis-J. M. L6pez-Ferniindez, A.Rios,M. ValcarcelMicellar-catalysed Reactions for Flow Injection Systems. Determination of Pyridoxal-5-phosphate-A.Alonso, M. J. Almendral, F. Merino, S. Perez Palmer0Biamperometric Titration and Flow Injection Determination of Cyclamate in Low-calorie Products-OrlandoFatibello-Filho, Milton Duffles Capelato, Silvana Aparecida CalafattiTypeset and printed by Black Bear Press LimitedCambridge, EnglandContinued on inside back cover-0003-2654C199519:l-SPECTROPHOTOMETRY241 3 Third-derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Neodymium and Erbium in Mixed Rare Earths With2-(Diphenylacetyl)indan-l,3-dione and Dodecyl Benzenesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt-Nai-Xing Wang ,Jing-He Yang, Hua Siu, Ping Qi241 7 Use of the Blank Test for Detecting Threshold Effects in the Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination ofSulfate Ions in Tap Water-F. Torrades, J. Garcia, M. Castellvi2421 Simultaneous Determination of Sunset Yellow FCF and Sudan I by Solid-phase Spectrophotometry-L. F.Capitan-Vallvey, Maria D. Ferndndez, lgnacio de Orbe, Ramiro AvidadPERSPECTIVE 2425 Analytical Validation of a General Protocol for the Preparation of Dose-controlled Solutions in AluminiumToxicology-Andrea Tapparo, Lidia Sold& G. Giorgio Bombi, Pamela Zambenedetti, Paolo F. Zatta,Roberta Bertani, Benedetto Corain2431 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEXNEWS AND VIEWS 119N Book Reviews122N Conference Diary127N Courses128N Recent IUPAC Recommendations129N Papers in Future Issues130N List of Abbreviations and AcronymsCover picture: Monitoring of veterinary drug residues (see p. 2347). The chromatogram shows HPLCseparation of oxfendazole and mebendazole. Kindly supplied by The Analytical Chemistry Unit, CVL,Weybridge. Image designed by Quadraphic Design

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN99520BX044

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

Analyst, September 1995, Vol. 120 117N Uncertainty in an Uncertain World ‘The goddess Uncertainty was born, like Athene, from the brow of her parthenogenetic parent, the supreme god Iso. The pregnancy was not an easy one. There were conflicting pressures from the muses of physical metrology that afiected the development of the embryo and gave Is0 a headache. However, in 1993, after several years gestation, the new deity Uncertainty was finally born, fully armed, and intent on helping the mortals in a largely unsuspecting analytical community. News of the event was carried to the Britons by a local deity called Namas, and the headache was passed on to analytical chemists.’ This issue of The Analyst contains an important report from the Analytical Methods Committee concerning the use of uncertainty in analytical measurement.A rough definition of uncertainty of measurement is ‘an interval around the result of the measurement that contains the true value with a high probability’. Uncertainty seems to be a sensible idea, because unless we know its value we cannot properly ascertain the meaning of the measurement. To repeat an often cited example that illustrates this point, consider measuring the concentration in food of a contaminant that must not exceed a limit of 10 units. A result of 8 units with an uncertainty of 1 unit can be taken as meaning that the food complies with the requirement. However a result of 8 units with uncertainty of 3 units would be ambiguous. The moral is that the decision taken is based on the uncertainty of the measurement as well as its actual value.All analytical measurements are like this whether or not they lead to a decision. In a broader context uncertainty ties in with all of the main ideas and practices relating to quality in data. Thus, fitness for purpose tells us how much uncertainty is acceptable, quality assurance ensures that an acceptably small uncertainty is achievable, and internal quality control demonstrates that the sufficiently low uncertainty is actually achieved. An obvious practical issue is the method for estimating the uncertainty of a measurement. Examples given in guides seem at first sight to be formidably complex. However, the calculation is often easier than might be expected because the combined standard uncertainty is often dominated by one or two of the largest contributions.(This feature of the statistics stems from the addition of variances of the contributing factors rather than their standard deviations.) Moreover, the estimation needs to be done only once for each analytical system, because the subsequent consistency of the operation can be demonstrated by routine internal quality control (IQC). There are still some aspects that need careful thought, however. The IQC system must be properly designed if it is to provide the required information. Furthermore, it must be remembered that uncertainty in a system increases with analyte concentration (although relative uncertainty falls). This factor has to be taken into account when the concentra- tion range of the test materials is wide.Perhaps the most important point relating to the estimation is that all relevant sources of uncertainty must be taken into account. What is included depends on what we regard as the ‘measurand’. If the measurand is the average concentration of the analyte in a large batch of material, then sampling uncertainty will have to be included. If the measurand is the concentration in the laboratory sample, then only the ana- lytical process needs to be evaluated. (The uncertainty associated with taking a test portion from the laboratory sample is subsumed in the analytical uncertainty.) In addition to the within-laboratory errors we must take account of the uncertainty associated with the individual laboratory, i. e., stemming from the laboratory bias and the method bias, the latter including biases resulting from matrix mismatch.These contributions are often overlooked and sometimes large. Experience with interlaboratory studies demonstrates this fact clearly. When all the separate contributions are combined the resulting uncertainty will sometimes be an unexpectedly large proportion of the measurement. This is often worrying for those not accustomed to a realistic appraisal of errors, and sometimes for those who are. However, analytical chemists must be prepared to apply realistic criteria for fitness for purpose in all circumstances. All too often analytical chemists seek to achieve a quality of data that is unnecessarily high for the application. This stems from early training, when we are encouraged to produce the most accurate result possible.Such a strategy is appropriate for training students in skilful manipulation, but in real life is rarely germane to the demands of fitness for purpose. Analytical chemists have long recognized the idea of uncertainty and, as far as possible, provided measurements with suitable (fit for purpose) uncertainties. However, there are dangers in proceeding too fast along the path towards obligatory expression of uncertainties. This trend has been brought about by the rapid emergence of a quality culture and external pressures on the analytical community to move rapidly towards a formal application of the uncertainty idea. As a result uncertainty now has a quite definite meaning that replaces the bundle of fuzzy concepts that sufficed in the past.That is good. However, analytical chemists are being asked by accreditation agencies to provide estimates of uncertainty to accompany all measurements. This can be a big job for laboratories that analyse diverse materials for a range of constituents. In any event, the move seems premature given our present level of inexperience with the idea, and some remaining technical difficulties. An insistence on making uncertainties explicit as a universal practice, unless very carefully handled, could lead to a situation that is damaging to the analytical profession. End-users of data are in effect being invited to make judgements on fitness for purpose as well as substantive decisions based on the data. That would be acceptable in the hypothetical instance of the objective and statistically-edu- cated end-user, but in reality could lead to misunderstanding and conflict.What would politicians, journalists and the general public make of such a technical issue? There would be particular difficulties in the area of law enforcement. Imagine the difficulties in court when a jury is invited to interpret a result with uncertainty! Analytical chemists therefore should strive to emphasise that it is within their professional com- petence, and not that of others, to interpret the meaning of measurements in a fitness for purpose context. The very word ‘uncertainty’ in a colloquial usage suggests doubt on the part of the analyst. That situation is fraught with problems for analytical scientists. A name with a more positive ring, such as ‘reliance interval’ would be much more helpful.The battle of the names has been irretrievably lost at the most general level (i. e., at ISO) but what is there to stop analytical118N Analyst, September 1995, Vol. 120 chemists adopting their own special synonym? After all, in Rome Athene was known as Minerva. Bibliography Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. ISO, Geneva, 1993. (Written by physical metrologists and a hard read, but the definitive document .) Guide to the expression of uncertainties in testing. (Document NIS 80). NAMAS, Ncrional Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 OLW: (A much easier read, NAMAS’s policy document). Quantifiing uncertainty in analytical measurement. 1995, EURA- CHEM Secretariat, P.O. Box 46, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 ONH. (A very approachable read with a lot of illustrative detail, written specifically for analytical chemists). Uncertainty of measurement-implications for its use in analytical science. The Analytical Methods Committee, Analyst 1995,120,2303 (this issue). (An overview of the likely impact of the widespread use of uncertainty in analytical science, carried out by a committee of the Royal Society of Chemistry. Covers the whole field, but in principle rather than detail. A good knowledge of quality issues and practices is assumed. Readable but a bit technical). Michael Thompson Birkbeck College, University of London

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN995200117N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

Analyst, September 1995, Vol. 120 119N Book Reviews Heavy Metal in Soils Edited by B. J. Alloway. Second Edition. Pp. xiv + 368. Blackie Academic and Professional. 1994. Price f35.00. ISBN 0-751 4-01 98-6. edition. Although such examples are relatively unimportant, some mental agility is required when pg/cmVday, pg/m*/day and mg/mZ/yr are all used in one paragraph (p. 209) on the atmospheric deposition of lead. The true value of a book can be judged by its usage and this reviewer knows his copy of this book would not stay on the bookshelf long if he were unwise enough to place it there. When the first edition of this book appeared five years ago it was received with considerable acclaim and it quickly establi- shed itself as an important source of information for all those working in soil research, from the student to the experienced investigator. It brought together for the first time comprehen- sive information not only for the elements traditionally considered as heavy metals but also the important metalloid pollutants.Despite the regrettable use of a smaller font, the book has expanded from 339 to 368 pages in this, updated, second edition. The layout remains the same with an initial section on the source, general chemistry and analysis of the metals in soils followed by more detailed consideration of each element in individual chapters. One element, tin, has been added to the list of those considered. Reorganization of some chapters, with expansion of individual sections, has improved the book either by giving better structure to the sections or by highlighting more effectively those areas of growing impor- tance (for example, the role of Al, Fe and Mn oxides in soils, sewage sludge as a source of heavy metals in soils and the role of soil microbiology).The updating of some chapters (for example, that on selenium) by insertion of relevant sentences at appropriate points was more effective than addition of a few small paragraphs to cover recent literature (for example, the chapters on chromium and mercury). It is a peculiar oddity that the chapter on chromium, which has received only a few minor changes, has lost one of its authors. If that author made a contribution to the first edition then surely that is also the case for the second. One retrograde step was the removal of separate sub-section headings for cobalt and manganese in their combined chapter although it is not clear why they should be considered together in the first place.The citing of references by the authors must of necessity be selective but it is somewhat confusing if we read on p. 28 that ‘aerosol-deposited Pb particles do not penetrate the cuticles of higher plants’ but on p. 218 that ‘90-99% of Pb in leaf material was due to foliar uptake’. The opportunity has sometimes been lost to include more recent publications. For example, the section, in the chapter on lead, on the use of isotopic composition has just one new reference in it. To a 1981 paper. It is of some concern that the revision of the book has introduced a large number of errors which range from the trivial to serious omissions such as missing lines (9.3.3).Axes titles (Fig. 12.1) and, more seriously, a figure key (Fig. 12.3) have been lost. In the latter case, locations referred to in the text are not indicated in the figure. If mistakes such as ‘Values of <49 OOO mgkg have been reported in mining contaminated soil . . .’ can escape scrutiny then the worry is that less apparent errors will be accepted by the reader. On four occasions (p. 22 twice, p. 24 and p. 27) reference is made to a Table 2.5 but only the last reference seems to apply to the actual Table 2.5 which appears on the same page. There is an annoying inconsistency throughout the book in the use of units for ppb and ppm. Whereas pg/g was used throughout section 9.2 in the first edition, a mixture of mg/g and pg/g is used in the same text (now section 9.2.2) in the new ‘It is an excellent book and can be highly recommended even to those who already own the ffi edition but want up-to-date information for all the heavy metals’ The appendices, an extremely useful source of data, have been improved by the updating and simplification of the tables on guidelines and statutory limits for concentrations in soils. It is unfortunate that the one appendix which would have benefited greatly from a major revision, that on element concentrations in selected certified reference materials (CRMs), has been copied unchanged from the first edition.As a consequence, the existence of 137Gs has been maintained and data are given for some CRMs no longer available. The whole appendix (no.9) is untidy and inconsistent and it is not at all clear why data for IAEA soil 6 are given when they are only for radioisotopes of elements not even included in the book. Without the errors, this book would have been a clear improvement on the earlier edition both in its layout and in the provision of updated information. It is, nonetheless, an excellent book and can be highly recommended even to those who already own the first edition but want up-to-date information for all the heavy metals at their fingertips. The book is both a source of immediate information and also an easy means of access to the literature. J. R. Bacon Macaulay Land Use Research Institute Aberdeen, UK ~~~~ ~ Laboratory Information Management Systems. Develop- ment and Implementation for a Quality Assurance Laboratory By Mary D.Hinton. Pp. xii + 346. Marcel Dekker. 1994. Price US$69.75. ISBN 0-8247-9458-3. ~~ ~-~ The first fifty or so pages of this book deal with the fundamentals of a computerized laboratory information management system (LIMS) explaining all the activities that can be managed by such a system. This is followed by over two hundred pages devoted to LIMS development and implemen- tation in a quality assurance (QA) environment. At first sight this book appears to be written almost exclusively for the US market, but in fact apart from the naming of standards, such as MIL STDS (but no mention of IS0 Guide 25), and organizations like ANSI, APHA or FDA, everything in the book is relevant and useful. Strangely, I did not find reference to the accreditation of analytical labora- tories by NIST or the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (MLA), so it was not surprising to find no mention of NAMAS and other non-US accrediting bodies.However, the views of the EPA, the FDA and other bodies concerning the use and validation of LIMS were dealt with and do not differ significantly from their European counterparts, or from those of the accrediting bodies. This book provides a great deal of helpful information and advice on LIMS systems and even considers the particular120N Analyst, September 1995, Vol. 120 needs of various types of laboratory, for example contract analytical and analytical research. It explains and guides on all the matters that should be considered when thinking of purchasing and installing a LIMS, including evaluation of systems, software development and validation, system instal- lation acceptance, and continuous operational testing (i.e., quality control) of LIMS on-line. Two of the recurrent quality assurance concerns about computerized systems are their security from several angles and their validation. The various aspects of these concerns are dealt with adequately throughout the book, which contains much sound common sense about building quality into the system, validating at various stages of development of a system, and the importance of the thorough training of staff. In addition, the text also contains an expert chapter written on LIMS validation which includes a useful case study on a pharmaceutical company laboratory.The contents are well broken down into friendly sized chapters, the printing and publication is of a high standard, and I found no printing errors. There are three excellent appendices giving a bibliography of 127 references up to 1994, a useful glossary, and information on LIMS manufacturers and their products. The book is well indexed. It was a pleasure to read such an informative, well written and well produced book. Any laboratory contemplating the possibility of investing a not inconsiderable sum of money in a LIMS system would benefit by investing a much more modest sum in this book to help their deliberations. E. J. Newman Dorset, UK Analytical Supercritical Fluid Extraction By M. D. Luque de Castro, M. Valcarcel and M. T. Tena. Springer Lab Manual.Pp. x + 322. Springer-Verlag. 1994. Price DM148.00; sFr148.00; oS1154,OO. ISBN 3-540-57495-6. The volume is one of a number of recently published books describing the role and applications of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an analytical method. Although the latest to be published, it is the most dated in content and coverage with few references since early 1992. Unlike the other books, which were edited works and brought together papers from active researchers in the field, the present volume is a broad review of the literature. This approach has both advantages and disadvantages. Overall the coverage is comprehensive but it lacks the feeling of a close active contact with the field. The book starts with a basic general review of extraction methods and techniques, eventually introducing supercritical fluids after 27 pages.The next chapter surveys supercritical fluids and their properties and draws heavily on earlier reviews and compilations and on the physical chemical literature, which characterised the initial developments in this field. This section is followed by the theoretical and practical aspects of SF’E, including an extensive section on the purity of the supercritical fluid. The solubility of different analytes are compared. However, much of this area is concerned with bulk solubility rather than extraction and analytical levels. The initial extraction model proposed by Clifford and Bartle is introduced but this study has now developed considerably. The problems faced with spiked systems which are often poor models for real samples are not mentioned.The next chapter describes the extractor system and comments that an instrument can be assembled for less than $lOO.OOo, certainly a pessimistic estimate even for the top of the range automated system. They comment that systems ~ need not contain a large number of vahes and controls but then proceed to make the process appear complicated. The detail is excessive and would deter most potential users. Real systems are a lot more forgiving and often a lot simpler. In this section, as in a number of other places, there is often a reliance on information provided by suppliers of gases or equipment rather than drawing on the experience of users. The final chapter reviews applications and by drawing together a number of methods provides a useful reference source.Although the book is largely free of errors, very few of the page numbers cited in the index appear to be correct, discrepancies of 2 or 3 pages being common. Although described as a laboratory manual, this book is really a review or compilation of the earlier work on extraction and solubility using supercritical fluids and it fills this role well, with a more detailed and comprehensive coverage than most related books. The value of this book is primarily on the wealth of information that has been included. However, the analytical chemist wishing to use SFE in the laboratory will be rather disappointed as it does give a feeling for the analytical techniques and operation of the equipment or of the real potential of SFE for sample preparation as part of an analytical method.Roger M . Smith Department of Chemistry Loughborough University of Technology, UK Safety in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory By Andre Picot and Philippe Grenouillet. Pp. xiii + 318. VCH. 1995. Price DM78.00; f31.50. ISBN 1-56081-040-8. Part 1, ‘Chemical Risks’, comprises more than half the contents of this volume. Part 2, ‘Other Risks in the Chemistry Laboratory’, provides a further three sections: respectively about biological risks, non-ionizing radiation, and risks associated with radioelements; all three of these sections are relatively short. Part 1 opens with an introduction about the arrangement of the laboratory (including availability of protective clothing, ventilation, and so forth), followed by a section about procedures for using various substances and a long chapter about the neutralization and destruction of over thirty different groups of wastes (among many others: acids, cyanides, aldehydes, ketones, isocyanates, peroxide-forming substances, metals and organometallic compounds and deriva- tives).This chapter is the most detailed and exhaustive of the five (and to some readers indeed may seem out of proportion) but in general the book is a good compilation with much useful information in a convenient form. In some chapters, more could well have been written; for instance, it is suggested that laboratory coats should be worn but not stressed that they should be fastened; it still is not uncommon nowadays to see employees wearing unfastened coats and so annulling a large element of the protective value.‘in general the book is a good compilation with much usefal information in a convenient form’ The text is translated and edited from French. Appendices include brief mention of ‘Threshold Limit Values’ (now in the United Kingdom designated rather as Occupational Exposure Limits), and a short review of the European aspect and notification of relevant Directives. Appendix 1 is a useful list of important incompatible substances; there is a fairly good index, and several pages of very helpful bibliography.Analyst, September 1995, Vol. 120 121N It appears that on page 229 there is an error in the paragraph about destroying carcinogenic substances; it indicates that incineration at high temperature is the method of choice but reads ‘... 100 “C or higher for some halogenated derivatives . . .’, which perhaps should be 10oO “C. Certainly this reference book should be on the shelves of educational establishments and available in laboratories at research and development units; it might prove a convenient aid to fostering good practice in general but, particularly in specialized units, supplementary information also may be needed. The cost should not preclude it from a senior student’s texts about working in safety. D. Simpson Analysis For Industry Essex, UK ~~~~ ~~ Electrochemistry and Clean Energy Edited by J. A. G. Drake. Pp. vi + 104. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 1994. Price f32.00. ISBN 0-85186-472-4. With the upsurge in environmental work in the past 30 years electrochemical methods were initially employed as electro- analytical techniques to monitor problems in the environment directly arising from polluting processes.Since that time electrochemists have expanded into the forefront of environ- mental research devising methods for the clean production of energy which will solve many of the world’s most pressing environmental problems. This book is a timely recognition of this fact since it reviews some of the areas where electro- chemical methods are at the cutting edge of this attack. The editor is well aware of this when he says in the preface that electrochemistry is becoming a core science and it promises to be an important part of the foundation of the ecology-oriented society. ‘a timely recognition of this fact since it reviews some of the areas where electrochemical methods are at the cutting edge of this attack’ This book arises from a symposium: ‘Electrochemistry and Clean Energy’ held at The Royal Society of Chemistry’s Annual Chemical Congress on April 6-7, 1993 at the University of Southampton.It comprises a selection of nine papers. The book begins with a chapter dealing with the policy and programme of funding of the DTI for fuel cell research in the UK. This is especially useful as a reference for anyone wanting to find out who is doing what and where in the subject. The two papers on fuel cells are rather specialized but interesting describing high-temperature fuel cells with ceramic electrolytes and the role of electrocatalysis in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells, respectively.Other papers such as the introduction to photovoltaics: ‘Photovoltaics: Fact or Fic- tion?’ and ‘Photovoltaic Technology and Applications’ are of a general nature in a way describing the principles, economics and applications of this field appealing to the non-specialist such as myself. This is especially true of the latter paper which discusses in a very clear manner the operation, applications and markets of solid-state photovoltaic cells. Included in this paper were some very lucid diagrams. These papers are followed by a chapter detailing methods for the electrodeposi- tion of Cd-Te thin films in solar cells. In a book with ‘Electrochemistry’ in its title, I was surprised to see that there was no coverage of wet photovoltaic cells which have received much attention in the past decade or so and more closely mimic processes of the photochemical generation of electricity in nature. Both papers describing novel rechargeable bat- teries, the lithium battery and high-temperature sodium/ nickel chloride (ZEBRA) battery respectively, are interesting and well written. I also found the chapter on the photocataly- tic detoxification of water using Ti02 catalysts intriguing but at present the application of this technology seems to be at a very early stage. In summary the book is a good read giving a clear short introduction to the field. In addition the general presentation with easily comprehensible diagrams is excellent. I would recommend it to anyone who needs to acquaint himselfherself with this important area as well its to specialists who wish to remain up-to-date with this subject. Andrew Nelson Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN995200119N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

122N Analyst, September 1995, Vol. 120 Conference Diary Date Conference Locat ion Contact 1995 October 1-5 1-5 3-5 9-13 10-12 12-13 15-20 16-18 19-20 23-25 24-27 26-27 21st World Congress of the International Society for Fat Research @F) The Hague, The Netherlands Mrs. J. Wills, ISF Secretariat, P.O. Box 3489, Champaign, IL 61826-3489, USA Tel: +1217 359 2344. Fax: +1217 351 8091 Century International, P.O. Box 493, Medfield, MA 02052, USA Tel: +1508 359 8777. Fax: +1508 359 8778 Helen Beckett, The Reed Exhibition Companies, Oriel House, 26, The Quadrant, Richmond, Surrey, UK TW9 1DL Tel: +44 (0)181910 7810. Fax: +44 (0)181910 7926 EPEL-ECASIA 95, Department des Materiaud LMCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Fax: +4121693 3946 Dr. M. P. Maskarinec, Technical Program Chairman, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O.Box 2008, MS 6209, Oak Ridge, TN Tel: +1615 576 6690. Fax: +1615 576 5235 Spring Innovations, 216 Moss Lane, Bramhall, Stockport, Cheshire, UK, SK7 1BD Tel: +44 (0)161440 0082. Fax: +44 (0)161440 9127 Joseph A. Caruso, FACSS National Office, 198 Thomas Johnson Dr., Suite S-2, Frederick, MD 21702, USA Tel: +1301694 8122. Fax: +1301694 6860 Mr. Ben Keddy, Cambridge Healthtech Institute, 1037, Chestnut Street, Newton Upper Falls, MA 02164, USA Tel: +1617 487 7989. Mrs. Gestiana Munteanu, Biotechnos S.A., Str. Dumbrava Rosie, nr. 18, Bucuresti 70254, Romania Tel: +40 1 210 20 15. Fax: +40 1 210 97 05 Mr. Ben Keddy, Cambridge Healthtech Institute, 1037, Chestnut Street, Newton Upper Falls, MA 02164, USA Tel: +1617 487 7989. General Service Office, The International Sixth BCEIA, Room 585, Chinese Academy of Science Room, San Li He, Xi Jiao, P.O.Box 2143, Beijing 100045, China Dr. D. Diamond, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland Tel: +353 1 704 5308. Fax: +353 1 704 5503 37831-6209, USA International Ion Chromatography symposium Dallas, USA Laboratory Science in Action London, UK ECASIA '95 Montreux, Switzerland Gatlinburg, USA 36th ORNL-DOE Coderen& on Analytical Chemistry in Energy Technology Monitor '95: Monitoring to Meet Legislation Manches ter , UK 22nd Annual Conference of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies Cincinnati, USA Image Enhancement and Analysis Washington DC, USA Biotechnology Now and Tomorrow Bucharest, Romania 2nd Annual Blood Safety and Screening Washington DC, USA BCEIA '95-The International Sixth Beijing Conference and Exhibition on Instrumental Analysis Beijing, China Sensors and Signals County Dublin, Ireland November 5-10 1st Mediterranean Basin Conference on Analytical Chemistry Cordoba, Spain Professor m e d o Sam-Medel, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julian Claveria, no.8 33006 Oviedo, Spain Tel: +34 85 10 34 74. Fax: +34 85 10 31 25 Meetings Department, Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036- 1023, USA Tel: +1202 223 9034. Fax: +1202 416 6100 5-10 OPTCON '95 San Jose, USAAnalyst, September 1995, Vol. 120 123N Date 8-9 14-15 14-16 14-16 2&24 22 22-25 Conference Biological Applications of Inorganic Mass Spectrometry International Conference for Chemical Information Users Nordic Polymer Meeting KEm 95 International Conference on Ultrafast Processes in spectroscopy Analytical Challenges in Mass Spectrometry International Conference on Electron Spin Resonance in Electron Transfer and Organic solids December 4-5 ChemiChromics ’95 13-14 BMSS 2nd LC-MS Symposium 17-22 International Symposium on Environmental Biomonitoring and Specimen Banking 1996 January 8-13 1996 Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrometry 10-13 Environmental Science 21-25 VIth Latin American Congress on Chromatography 21-25 HPCE’% Location Norwich, UK Manchester , UK Helsinki, Finland Helsinki, Finland Trieste, Italy Coventry, UK Dresden, Germany Manchester , UK Cambridge, UK Hawaii, USA Florida, USA Trivandrum, India Caracas, Venezuela Orlando, USA Contact Ms.Helen Phipps, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, UK NR4 7UA Tel: +44 (0) 1603 255219. Fax: +44 (0) 1603 255168 Dr. M. P. Coward, Chemistry Department, UMIST, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, UK M60 1QD Tel: +44 (0)161200 4491. Fax: +44 (0)161228 1250 Dr. Matti Elomaa, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki Tel: +358 0 191 40338. Fax: +358 0 191 40330 Ms. Ritva Becker, Exhibition Manager, P.O. Box 21, FIN-00521 Helsinki, Finland Tel: +358 0 150 9211. Fax: +358 0 142 358 G. Denardo, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, P.O.Box 586,I-34100 Trieste, Italy R. N. Ibbett, Courtaulds Research and Technology, P.O. Box 111, Lockhurst Lane, Coventry, UK CV6 5RS Dr. L. Dunsch, Institut fiir Festkorperforschung im IFW Dresden eV., Helmholtzstrasse 20, D-01069 Dresden, Germany Spring Innovations, 216 Moss Lane, Bramhall, Stockport, Cheshire, UK, SK7 1BD Tel: +44 (0)161440 0082. Fax: +44 (0)161440 9127 Dr. J. Oxford, Glaxo Research and Development Ltd., Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK SG12 ODJ K. S. Subramanian, Environmental Health Directorate, Health Canada, Tunney’s Pasture, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OL2 Tel: +1613 957 1874. Fax: +1613 941 4545 R. Barnes, Department of Chemistry, Lederle GRC Tower, University of Massachusettes, P.O. Box 34510, Amherst, MA 01003-4510, USA Tel: +1413 545 2294.Fax: +1413 545 4490 Dr. C. S. P. Iyer, Convener, ICES-96, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum-695 019, India Tel: +9147177459. Fax: +9147175186 E-mail: rrit @ sirnetm.ernet.in Irene Romero, Interep SA, P.O. Box 76343, Caracas 1070-A, Venezuela Shirley E. Schlessinger, Symposium Manager, HPCE ’96, Suite 1015,400 East Randolph Drive, Chicago, IL 60601, USA Tel: +1312 527 2011. February 4-7 The Fifth International Congress on Trace Meribel, Arlette Alcaraz, Chrug Hdpital A. Michallon, Elements in Medicine and Biololgy: Therapeutic Uses of Trace Elements France Biochimie C, BP 217, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France Tel: +33 767 65484. Fax: +33 767 65664124N Analyst, September 1995, Vol. I20 Date Conference Location 7-9 Fourth International Symposium on Bruges , Hyphenated Techniques in Chromatography Belgium (HTC 4); Hyphenated Chromatographic Analysers 20-21 Inbio ’%: Industrial Biocatalysis Manchester , UK 3-8 24-28 25-29 31-414 47th Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy USA Chicago, 29th International Meeting of the ESRDG of the RSC: ESR Spectroscopy of Inorganic Radicals and Metal Ions in Inorganic and Biological Systems ESEAC ’%,6th European Conference on ElectroAnal ysis UK Edinburgh, UK Durham, 7th International Symposium on Supercritical Indianapolis, Fluid Chromatography and Extraction USA April 9-12 26th International Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry 9-12 scanning’96 23-26 28-115 6-8 6-10 Analytica Conference ’96 Vienna, Austria Montere y , USA Munich, Germany 87th AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo Indianapolis, USA International Colloquium on Process Related Analytical Chemistry in Environmental Brazil Investigations Gramado, EuroResidue III, Third International Veldhoven, Conference on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in The Netherlands Food 2nd European Symposium and Exhibition on Photonics in Manufacturing II France Paris, Contact Dr.R. Smits, Royal Flemish Chemical Society (KVCV), Working Party on Chromatography, BASF Antwerpen N.V., Central Laboratory, Haven 725, Scheldelaan 600, B-2040 Antwerp, Belgium Tel: +32 3 561 2831. Fax: +32 3 561 3250 Spring Innovations, 216 Moss Lane, Bramhall, Stockport, Cheshire, UK, SK7 1BD Tel: +44 (0)161440 0082. Fax: +44 (0)161440 9127 The Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Boulevard, Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235-5503, USA Dr.C. C. Rowlands, Department of Chemistry, University of Wales Cardiff, P.O. Box 912, Cardiff, UK CF1 3TB Dr. A. G. Fogg, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire , UK LEll3TU Tel: +44 (0) 1509 263171. Fax: +44 (0) 1509 233163 Mrs. Janet Cunningham, Ban Enterprises, 10120 Kelly Road, P.O. Box 279, Walkersville, MD 21793 USA Tel: +1301898 3772. Fax: +1301898 5596 Professor Dr. M. Grasserbauer, Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 91151, A-1060 Wien, Austria Fax: +43 15867813 Mary K. Sullivan, Foundation for Advances in Medicine and Science, P.O. Box 832, Mahwah, NJ Tel: +1201818 1010. Fax: +1201818 0086 E-mail: fams@holonet.net Congress Center, Messegelande, D-80325 Munchen, Germany Tel: +49 89 5107 159.Fax: +49 89 5107 180 AOCS Education/Meetings Department, P.O. Box 3489, Champaign, IL, USA 61826-3489 Tel: +1217 359 2344. Fax: +1217 351 8091 07430-0832, USA Centro d6 Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, C.P. 15007,91501-970 Port0 Alegre , Brazil Tel: +55 51 2281 633. Fax: +55 51 3361 568. E-mail: Ceneco@ifl .ufrgs.Br Dr. N. Haagsma, Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 80.175, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel: +3130 535365. Fax: +3130 532365 Francoise Chavel, Executive, Secretary , European Optical Society, B.P. 147-91403 Orsay Cedex, France Tel: +33 1 69 85 35 92. Fax: +33 1 69 85 35 65. E-Mail: francoise .chavel@iota. u-psud. frAnalyst, September 1995, Vol.120 125N Date 13-14 17-19 20-24 23-25 June 10-14 16-21 17-21 July 8-12 17-19 Conference Chiral USA '96 VIIth International Symposium on Luminescence Spectrometry in Biomedical Analysis--Detection Techniques and Applications in Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis 18th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography XIIIth National Conference on Analytical Chemistry Location Boston, USA Nice, France Riva del Garda, Italy Craiova , Romania Contact Spring Innovations, 216 Moss Lane, Bramhall, Stockport, Cheshire, UK, SK7 1BD Tel: +44 (0)161440 0082. Fax: +44 (0)161440 9127 Professor Way R. G. Baeyens, University of Ghent , Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Tel: +32 9 221 8951.Fax: +32 9 221 4175 Professor D. P. Sandra, IOPMS, Kennedypark 20, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium Tel: +32 56 204960. Fax: +32 56 204859 Romanian Society of Analytical Chemistry, 13 Boulevard Republicii, Sector 3,70346 Bucharest, Romania Tel: +40 1 631 00 60. Fax: +40 1 631 2279 11th International Converence on High-Power Prague, Particle Beams (BEAMS '96) Czech Republic Dr. Jiri Ullschmied, Conference Co-Chairman, Institute of Plasma Physics, AS CR, Za Slovankou 3, Prague 182 00, Czech Republic Fax: +422 858 6389. Mrs. Janet Cunningham, Barr Enterprises, 10120 Kelly Road, P.O. Box 279, Walkersville, MD Tel: +1301898 3772. Fax: +1301898 5596 Francoise Chavel, Executive Secretary, European Optical Society, B.P. 147-91403 Orsay Cedex, France Tel: +33 1 69 85 35 92.Fax: +33 1 69 85 35 65. E-Mail: francoise .chavel@iota. u-psud. fr E-Mail: BEAMS96@IPP. CAS . CZ HPLC '96: 20th International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques 21793, USA 2nd European Symposium and Exhibition on Optical Instrument and Systems Design California, USA Glasgow, UK XVI International Congress of Clinical Chemistry UK Clinical Chemistry, P.O. Box 227, Buckingham, London, Mrs. Pat Nielsen, XVIth International Congress of UK MK18 5PN Fax: +44 (0)1280 6487 Dr. S. J. Haswell, School of Chemistry, University Tel: +44 (0)1482 465469. Fax: +44 (0)1482 466410 8th Biennial National Atomic Spectroscopy Symposium (BNASS) UK of Hull, Hull, UK HU6 7RX Norwich, August 11-16 ICORS '96: XV International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy 20-23 7th International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis (PBA 'W) 25-30 Xxm EUCMOS September 1-7 Euroanalysis IX 8-13 CLEO '96: European Conferences on Lasers and Electro-Optics 9-11 Sixth International Symposium on Field Flow Fractionation Pittsburgh, USA Osaka, Japan Balatonfiired, Hungary Bologna, Italy Hamburg, Germany Ferrara , Italy Professor S.Asher, Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA Professor Susumu Honda, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Kowakae 3-4-1, Higashi Osaka 577, Japan Fax: +816 721 2353 Professor Dr. J. Mink, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Veszprdm, P.O. Box 158, H-8201 Veszprdm, Hungary Professor Luigia Sabbatini, Euroanalysis IX, Dipartimento di Chimica, Universith di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy Tel: +39 80 242020.Fax: +39 80 242026 CLEO/Europe '96, Institute of Physics, Meetings and Conferences Department, 47 Belgrave Square, London, UK SWlX 8QX F. Dondi, Department of Chemistry, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46,I-44100 Ferrara, Italy Tel: +39 532 291154. Fax: +39 532 240709126N Analyst, September 1995, Vol. 120 Date Conference 9-13 14th International Conference on High Resolution Molecular Spectroscopy 10-14 International Symposium and Exhibition on Biomedical Optics IV 15-20 21st International Symposium on Chromatography November 4-8 1997 April 14-19 May 12-16 June 1620 Location Contact Prague, Czech Republic Dr. V. Spirko, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, J. Heyrovsk, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, CZ-18223 Praha 8, Czech Republic Francoise Chavel, Executive Secretary, European Optical Society, B.P.147-91403 Orsay Cedex, France Tel: +33 169 85 35 92. Fax: +33 169 85 35 65. E-Mail: francoise .chavel@iota .u-psud. fr Varrentrappestr. 4042, Postfach 90 04 40, D-6000 Frankfurt am Main 90, Germany Tel: +49 69 791 7358. Fax: +49 69 791 7475 Graz, Austria Stuttgart, GDCh-Geschiiftsstelle, AM. Tagungen, Germany International Symposium on the Industrial Application of the Mossbauer Effect Johannesburg, South Africa Herman Pollak, Mossbauer Laboratory, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 716 405312526. Fax: +27 11 339 8262. E-Mail: ISIAME@PHYSNET. PHYS. WITS. AC . ZA Genes and Gene Families in Medical, Agricultural and Biological Research: 9th International Congress on Isozymcs Texas, USA Mrs. Janet Cunningham, Barr Enterprises, 10120 Kelly Road, P.O. Box 279, Walkersville, MD 21793, USA Tel: +1301898 3772. Fax: +1301898 5596 European Symposium on Photonics in Manufacturing III Paris, France Francoise Chavel, Executive Secretary, European Optical Society, B.P. 147-91403 Orsay Cedex, France Tel: +33 1 69 85 35 92. Fax: +33 1 69 85 35 65. E-Mail: francoise. chavel@iota. u-psud. fr European Symposium on Environmental and Francoise Chavel, Executive, Secretary, European Public Safety II Germany Optical Society, B.P. 147-91403 Orsay Cedex, France Tel: +33 1 69 85 35 92. Fax: +33 1 69 85 35 65. E-Mail: francoise . chavel@iota . u-psud. fr Munich, September 8-12 Biomedical Optics V Poland Francoise Chavel, Executive Secretary, European Optical Society, B.P. 147-91403 Orsay Cedex, France Tel: +33 1 69 85 35 92. Fax: +33 1 69 85 35 65. E-Mail: francoise .chavel@iota. u-psud. fr

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN995200122N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

Analyst, September I995, VoZ. I20 127N Courses Date Conference Location Contact 1995 October 2-6 Statistics and Applied ChemometrhBtatistics Loughborough, Dr. Barry Sharp, Department of Chemistry, for Business UK Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK LEll 3TU Tel: +44 (0) 01509 222 572. Fax: +44 (0) 01509 233 163 E-mail: B . L. Sharp@LUT . ac. uk 4 Meat Authenticity. Introduction to Chipping Training Manager, Campden and Chorleywood Immunoassay Test Kits Camden, Food Research Association, Chipping Campden, UK Gloucestershire, UK GL55 6LD Tel: +44 (0) 1386 840319. Fax: +44 (0) 1386 841306 November 7-8 Foreign Bodies in Food 14-16 Basic Chemical Analysis of Foods Chipping Campden, UK Chipping Campden, UK 27-1/12 Quality Management (including TQM, IS0 9O00, GLP, N W ) UK Loughborough, 29-2/12 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Workshop Alberta, Canada December 6 Meat Authenticity.Introduction to Chipping Immunoassay Test Kits Campden, UK 11-12 BMSS LC/MS CO- Cambridge, UK 1996 January 8-9 Present Status of Analysis of Trace Metals and Trivandrum, Nutrients in the Environment India February 5-45 The Next Step in Capillary Gas Bruges, Chromatography for Trace Analysis Belgium Training Manager, Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, UK GL55 6LD Tel: +44 (0) 1386 840319. Fax: +44 (0) 1386 841306 Training Manager, Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, UK GL55 6LD Tel: +44 (0) 1386 840319. Fax: +44 (0) 1386 841306 Dr.Barry Sharp, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK LEll 3121 Tel: +44 (0) 01509 222 572. Fax: +44 (0) 01509 233 163 E-mail: B.L.Sharp@LUT.ac.uk Ms. Margaret Northcott, Geological Survey of Canada, 3303 - 33rd Street N W , Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2L 2A7 Training Manager, Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association, Chipping Campden, Gloucestemre, UK GL55 6LD Tel: +44 (0) 1386 840319. Fax: +44 (0) 1386 841306 Dr. J. Oxford, Glaxo Research and Development Ltd., Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, UK SG12 ODJ Dr. C. S. P. Iyer, Convener, ICES-96, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India Tel: +9147177459. Fax: +9147175186 E-mail: rrlt@ sirnetm.ernet.in Congress Secretariat, Ordibo bvba, L. Hennincksraat 18, B-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium Tel: +32 38 28 89 61. Entries in the above listing are included at the discretion of the Editor and are free of charge. If you wish to publicize a forthcoming meeting please send full details lo: The Analyst Editorial Office, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK CB4 4WF. Tel: +44 (0)1223 420066. Fax: +44 (0)1223 420247. E-mail:Analyst@RSC.ORG.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN995200127N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

128N Analyst, September 1995, Vol. 120 Recent IUPAC Recommendations IUPAC Drafts for Public Comment The following have recently been made available for public review. Chemically Modified Electrodes: Recommended Terminology and Definitions Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) represent a relatively modem approach to electrode systems that find utility in (1) a wide spectrum of basic electrochemical investigations, includ- ing the relationship of heterogeneous electron transfer and chemical reactivity to electrode surface chemsitry , electro- static phenomena at electrode surfaces, and electron and ionic transport phenomena in polymers, and (2) the design of electrochemical devices and systems for applications in chemical sensing, energy conversion and storage, molecular electronics, electrochromic displays, corrosion protection, and electro-organic syntheses.Compared with other electrode concepts in electro- chemistry, the distinguishing feature of a CME is that a generally thin film (from monomolecular to perhaps a few micrometres in thickness) of a selected chemical is bonded or coated onto the electrode surface to endow the electrode with the chemical, electrochemical, optical, electrical, transport, and other desirable properties of the film in a rational, chemically designed manner. In this report, we have attempted to identify and define the most widely used terminology in the growing field of CMEs and to recommend a particular term in cases where a multiplicity of terms has arisen over the past several years or where previously defined terms have taken on broadened meanings for the special cases of CMEs. It is expected that additional terms will be added to this lexicon in the future as new research directions evolve.Nomenclature for Chird Chromatography In recent years there has been considerable interest in the synthesis and separation of enantiomers of organic com- pounds because of their importance in the pharmaceutical industry. Frequently the methods used for the separations or for monitoring the progress of a chiral reaction are chromato- graphic, with either liquids, gases, or supercritical fluids as the mobile phase. More recently capillary electrophoresis has been added as an analytical chiral separation method. These applications have led to a number of terms and expressions in addition to those recently proposed by IUPAC for the chemistry and physical properties of chiral compounds (Basic Terminology of Stereochemistry, Pure Appl. Chem., 1995, in the press).The present document provides descriptions and definitions for additional terms particularly related to analy- tical separation methods, the enantiomeric purity of the products and their formation. Copies of the text may be obtained from Dr. Alan McNaught, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK CB4 4WF. IUPAC would welcome comments (by 31 May 1996) before preparation of a final draft for publication in Pure Appl. Chem. Nominations for the 1996 Benedetti-Pichler Award The American Microchemical Society is soliciting nominations for the prestigious 1996 Benedetti-Pichler Award. The award, established in 1966, is given annually to recognize outstanding achievements in microanalytical chemistry. The award consists of a plaque and expenses to attend the Eastern Analytical Symposium in Somerset, New Jersey, in November 1996 to receive the award at a session in honour of the awardee. Nominations, including at least two supporting letters, should be sent no later than October 30, 1995 to Len Klein, Secretary, American Microchemical Society, FMC Corporation, Agricultural Chemical Group, P.O. Box 8, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA. For further information, please contact Dr. Joseph Sneddon, Head, Department of Chemistry, McNeese State University, Lake Charles, LA 70609, USA. Telephone: (318) 475 5777 Fax: (318) 475 5234.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN995200128N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

Analyst, September 199.5, Vol. 120 129N I COPIES OF CITED ARTICLES Future Issues Will lnclude- ' ~ ~ l The Royal Society of Chemistry Library can usually supply copies of cited articles. For further details contact: The Library, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London WlV OBN, UK. Tel: +44 (0)171-437 8656. Fax: +44 (0)171-287 9798. Telecom Gold 84: BUR210. Electronic Mailbox (Internet) LIBRARY@RSC.ORG. If the material is not available from the Society's Library, the staff will be pleased to advise on its availability from other sources. Please note that copies are not available from the RSC at Thomas Graham House, Cambridge. Analysis of Organic Polymorphs-Terence L. Threlfall Determination of Carbosulfan in Oranges by High-perfor- mance Liquid Chromatography With Post-column Fluores- cence-M.W. Brooks and A. Barros Amperometric Sensor for Choline and Acetylcholine Based on a Platinum Electrode Modified by a Co-crosslinked Bienzymic System-P. G. Zambonin, Antonio Guerrieri, Giuseppe de Benedetto and F. Palmisan0 Calixarene Hydroxamic Acids-Separation and Simultaneous Determination of Thorium(xv)-Y. K. Agrawal, Mallika sanyal Development of a Flow Fluoro-immunosensor for the Deter- mination of Theophylline-M. del Pilar Fernandez, Carlos M. Rico, Ana M. Gutierrez, M. Concepcion Perez Conde and Carmen Camara Application of a New Polymeric Adsorbent to Isolate Chloro- triazines and Their Dealkylated Degradation Products From Water Samples-B. Nouri, G. Toussaint, P. Chambon and R. Chambon Determination of Arsenic and Tellurium by Hydride Genera- tion Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: Minimizing Interfer- ences from Nickel, Cobalt and Copper by Using an Alkaline Sample Solution-Torild Wickstrom, Walter Lund and Ragnar Bye Extractive Polarographic Determination of Copper, Lead, Cadmium and Zinc in Iron Ore Samples-V.Meenakumari Determination of Carbamate Pesticides in Environmental Samples as Their Trifluoracetyl or Methyl Derivatives by Gas Chroma tograph y-Mass S pect rome try-Noshinori Nishikawa , Tame0 Okumura and Kiyoshi Imamura Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Determination of Codeine and Related Alkaloids and Pharmaceuticals With Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(11)-Gillian M. Greenway, Andrew W. Knight and P. J. Knight Sol-Gel Encapsulation of Metalloproteins for the Develop- ment of Optical Biosensors for Nitrogen Oxide and Carbon Monoxide-David A.Russell, David J. Blyth, Jonathan W. Aylott and David J. Richardson On-line Preconcentration of Nickel by Carbonyl Vaporization With Flow Injection System and Sensitive Determination With Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry- Dietmar Erber and Karl Cammann Speciation Analysis for Organotin Compounds in Sediments by Capillary Gas Chromatography With Flame Photometric Detection After Microwave-assisted Acid Leaching- Oliver F. X. Donard, Beatrice Lalere, Joanna Szpunar, Helene Budzinski and P. Garrigues Indium-Tin Oxide Film Electrode as Catalytic Amperometric Sensor for Hydrogen Peroxide-Xiaohua Cai, Bozidar Ogorevc, Gabrijela Tavcar and Joseph Wang Titration and Polarographic Measurements in Non-aqueous Solvents as Novel Approaches for the Determination of Free Acidity in the Presence of Hydrolysable Metal Ions-Assad Saleam Jawad, Khowla A. Al-Samaraiey and Nabel Sh. Nassorie Validation of a Modified Spectrophotometric Method for Determining Nitrate in Dry Milk Using 2-sec-Butylphenol- Valentinus Priyo Bintoro, Danielle Cantin-Esnault and J. Nary Urban Air Pollution Monitoring-A Laser-based Procedure for the Detection of NO, Gases-W. X. Peng, K. W. D. Ledingham, Archibald Marshall and Ravi P. Singhal Mechanized Method for Measuring Metal Partition in n- Octanol-Aqueous Systems. Partition of, Aluminium Com- plexes-Lars-Goran Daniekn, Yu-Hui Zhang and Anders Sparen Chloramine-T as a New Reagent for the Determination of Iodine Number of Oils-K. M. L. Rai, L. M. Alekseeva and Sarvottam Y. Ambekar

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN995200129N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

130N Analyst, September 1995, Vol. 120 ~ Technical Abbreviations and Acronyms The presence of an abbreviation or acronym in this list should NOT be read as a recommendation for its use. However, those defined here need not be defined in the text of your manuscript. AAS ac A/D ADC ANOVA AOAC ASTM bP BSA BSI CEN cpm CMOS c.m.c. CRM CVAAS C.W. CZE dc DRIFT dPm DELFIA DNA EDTA ELISA emf ETAAS EXAFS EPA FAAS FAB FAO-WHO FIR F T FPLC FPD GC GLC HGAAS HPLC ICP id INAA IR ISFET iv im IGFET ISE LC LED LOD atomic absorption spectrometry alternating current analogue-to-digital analogue-to-digital converter analysis of variance Association of Official Analytical Chemists American Society for Testing and Materials boiling point bovine serum albumin British Standards Institution European Committee for Standardization counts per minute complementary metal oxide silicon critical micellization concentration certified reference material cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry continuous wave capillary zone electrophoresis direct current disintegrations per minute diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy dissociation enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay deoxyribonucleic acid ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid enzyme linked immunosorbent electromotive force electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Environmental Protection Agency flame atomic absorption fast atom bombardment Food and Agriculture Organization, far-infrared Fourier transform fast protein liquid chromatography flame photometric detector gas chromatography gas-liquid chromatography hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma internal diameter instrumental neutron activation infrared ion-selective field effect transistor intravenous intramuscular insulated gate field effect transistor ion-selective electrode liquid chromatography light emitting diode limit of determination assay spectrometry World Health Organization analysis LOQ mP MRL mRNA MS NIR NMR NIST od OES PBS PCB PAH PGE P I E PPt PPb PPm PTFE PVC PDVB QC QA REE rf RIMS rmS rpm RNA SCE SE SEM SIMS SIMCA SRM STM STP TIMS TLC TOF TGA TMS tris TRIS uv UVMS VDU XRD XRF YAG Commonly Used Symbols M Mr r S U limit of quantification melting point maximum residue limit messenger ribonudeic acid mass spectrometry near-infrared nuclear magnetic resonance National Institute of Standards and Technology outer diameter optical emission spectrometry phosphate buffered saline polychlorinated biphenyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon platinum group element partide/protonhduced X-ray parts per trillion (1012; pg g-l) parts per billion (lO9;-ng g-') parts per million (106; pg g- ) poly (tetrafluoroethylene) poly(viny1 chloride) poly(diviny1 benzene) quality control quality assurance rare earth element radiofrequency resonance-ionization mass spectrometry root mean square revolutions per minute ribonucleic acid saturated calomel (reference) electrode standard error scanninghrface (reflection) secondary-ion mass spectrometry soft independent modelling .of class Standard Reference Material scanning tunnelling (electron) standard temperature and pressure thermal ionization mass thin-layer chromatography time-of-flight thermogravimetric analysis trime th ylsilane 2-amino-2-( hydroxymethy1)- propane-l,3-diol (ligand) 2-amino-2- (hydroxymethy1)- propane-l,3-diol (reagent) ultraviolet ultraviolet-visible visual display unit X-ray diffraction X-ray fluorescence yttrium aluminium garnet emission electron microscopy analogy microscopy spectrometry molecular mass relative molecular mass correlation coefficient standard deviation atomic mass

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN995200130N

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC