摘要:

T H E ANALYST. SEPTEMBER, 1883, MILK ANALYSIS. REMABKS BY P. VIETH, Ph.D., F.C.S. THE August number of THE ANALYST, 1883, contains on page 138, a series of milk analyses made by the Analyst of Boston. In some introductory words it i s said, '' that the analyses will, no doubt, be of interest to the readers, as showing the standard adopted in that city." The figures are given without any criticism and unaccompanied by any further remark, notwithstanding that there is in my opinion a great deal to be said about them. Taking the figures as they are, it is in the first place striking, that the specific gravity of all the nineteen samples of milk should be the same, viz. 1.028. This appears still more peculiar, if one bears in mind, that there exists a certain relation between the specific gravity and the percentage of fat and solids not fat in milk. The said relation is a fact, well established and supported through carefully executed researches and thorough investigations, carried out by different well-known chemists.The analytical figures of the Boston Analyst entirely disagree with this fact. He found, as mentioned already, that all the sampIes had a specific gravity of 1.028. Sample No. 1 contained 042 Fat and 8978 Solids not fat. 5 2 7 3 6 15 10 8 14 18 13 16 4 9 11 12 19 17 0.58 ,, 6.84 ,, 0.98 $ 9 6.87 $9 1-32 ,, 8.18 ,) 1-45 ,, 9.05 ,, 1.58 ,, 8-82 ,, 1.65 ,, 8.60 ,, 1.46 9, 9.69 p, 1.60 $9 952 $9 1.80 9 , 9.07 9, 142 ,, 8.58 ,, 1-92 ,, 8.83 ,, 1.95 ,, 8.66: ,, 2.15 ), 10.65 ,, 2-15 ,, 9.00 ,, 2-18 ,, 11.52 ,, 2-19 ,, 886 ,, 2.65 ,, 'P80 ,, 2-15 ,, 8-83 ,) How it is possible, that two milks of the same specific gravity, and containing the Same or very nearly the same amount of Fat, should contain so different a percentage of Solids not fat, as in the cases of No.1 and 5, 3 and 6, 10 and 8, 14 and 18, 4 and 9, 12 and 19, is difficult to undemtsmd, * There must be an error, Total Solids being given 1025 per ctent,THE ANALYST. - - - - - 154 -- - - Looking over the figures for fat, we fiud that one sample'only of the whole sories of nineteen comes up to the standard adopted by the Society of Public Analysts. In five other samples fat was fonnll to amoiunt to over two per cent., more nccuratc? from 2.15 to 2-19 per cent., and among these five samples are the only two of the series which are considered not to be watered, and one of which is expressly marked as '* pure." Them is in no case any remark made as to t!w deprivation of cream, in spite of the fat falling down as low as 0.42 per cent.in a milk which is said to contain 15 per cent. of added water. Fifteen per cent. seems to be the smallest amouat of water which is ever added or could be detected, and I may add that this is the only systematical point I am able to see. On the other hand, I am quite at a loss to find out the system of calculating the extent of the adulteration. It is stated that 15 per cent. of added water are contained in milk samples with 8.78, 8-83, 8-86, 9.00, 9.52, 9.69 per cent. of solids not fat, 16 water by 9.07 solids not fat, 20 by 7-80, 8.58, 8.60, 8-65, 8.82, 843, 9-05, 25 by 8.18, 35 by 6.87 and 40 water by 6.84 solids not fat. I should he very glad to hear somo explanations of these extraordinary statements. I confine myself to what precedes and conclude these remarks, repeating that the figures relating to milk analyses made at Boston and pnblished in TEE ANALYST, give a great deal to think, but that they are in my opinion totally unfit to shorn a standard adopted.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8830800153

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

154 THE ANALYST. - -- . .... __ . - ON THE EXAMINATION OF FATS. BY K. ZULKOWSPY. SOME time ago 3Iax Groger submitl.ed Uausmann’s method of titration for mixtures of neutral fats and fatty acids to ti thorough examination in the autlior’~ Iabwatorg. He has succeeded in improving unlt situplif3ing the method to such an orteut that it is now easier to determine euch a fatty mixture than a mixture of caustic soda and sodium carbonate. The method is based upon the fact that ~t fatty a.cid in an alcoholic solution is immediately saponified by an alcoholic solution of potassa, whilst with neutral fats this cbange ensues only on pro1t)nged boiling. If we therefore acZJ phenol-phthaleine to the alcoholic solution of fatty acids atud neutral fats, and titrate with calistic potaesa, ihe red CohJUr distippears instantly as long as free fatty acids are preseut. When these are saturated the liquid turns red.If titi excess of solutiori of caustic potassa is added und the liquid ie boiled for half- an-hour, the neutral fat i8 saponified, and on titrating bacak we find the volume of the potassa solution which has buen required for si-ipunifFing the 1ieiitt.d fat. From the coneumption of this test-liquirl ill the sapouificatiuu of thn fatty lteidv and of the neutral fats, their quantity can be calculated, even if the weight of the mixture is not known. This is the principle of this simple and elegant mothod, which, accortling to test-experiments, yields very accurate results. On further consideration the author regards Hausemrtnn’s idea as a mine from which may be obtained muoh that will be useful in the technology of fatty matters. Several cases follow in which it gives exceedingly valuable oonctlusiona in testing fats.THE ANALYST.156 ~~ 1. It is possible to ascertain the equivalent of a fat, Lee, the quantity of it which is saponified by an equivalent of caustic potasaa, or by a litre of normal potassa. This figure gives in certain cases an indication concerning .the nature of the fats. In the examination of butters the equivalent will beyond doubt &OW whether we have to do with a natural or a, factitious butter. Whether it will be possible to dttect a mixture of both with certainty must be decided by future experiments. 2. We are enabled to determine directly and in the simplest possible manner the proportion of glycerin in fats, 6.em, the theoretical yield of glycerin.In titrating a neutral fat or a mixture of several fats, the following reaction takes place :- C,H,(O,C, H,,,, ,0),+3EOH= C,H803+3(C, H,,-,O.OK). -- 7 Cauetio Ulycerin. Potassium Salt of s Potassa. Fatty Acid. - According to this equation, for every litre of normal potassa +rd of an equivalent. ire., 90.667 grms,, of glycerin will be liberated, or 1 C.C. normal alkali represents 0.030667 grm. glycerin. The determination of the proportion of glycerin in fats is at present of great technical interest, as in consequence of the growing demand and the high market price the yield of glycerin cannot be left out of consideration. 3. When the proportion of gIycerin has thus been established by titration if the fat is pure and free from water, the theoretical yield of fatty auids appears at once, The tri-glycerides can be regarded as decomposed as follows :- c3Hs(O*c, Ha, - 1)s = C3H2 -k 30% HwO,, T L c - Neutral Fat.Glyoerin Hydrated Residue. Fatty Acid. If we compare this equation with the former one, 1 litre normal alkali corresponds to & equivalent, i.e., 12,667 of the glycerin residue, C3Ha. Tf v C.C. normal alkali have been consumed, the weight of the glycerin residue (0°012667 v) = G, and if F grms. of the neutraI fat have been weighed out (F - G) is the quantity of the fatty acide. 4. If the proportion of fatty acid (F - G) has been thus determined their equivalent followa. If we have used ~1 0.0. normal alkali the equivalent readts from the following proportion : - (F-a) : A = 2, : 1000.1000 (F- G ) A = * V -Berichte Deutsoh. Chsm. Besell. In c3onnection with the above we may call attention to the following extracts from a paper on Butter Analysis, by Mr. Wigner, read before the Society of Public Analysts in August, 1879.* i s Taking all these precautions, however, I find the proctess a useful one. But I must eall special attentiou to the followhg exceptions : A h i8 comparatively uselesrs when applied to old samples of butter, which have been alternately heated, and cooled; and, even in the ctlsea of lard and butterine, repeated heating exercises a more unaertain effect than it does on the fatty acid determination; but, although useful, it can never * Tae: ANUYST, Vol. IV., p. 182.TEIX ANALYST.come into general u ~ e as a substitute for the determinations of fatty acids and soluble acids, beoause any alkalies added to the fat, whether fraudulently, or for supposed preservative purposes, entirely upset the estimation. Therefore, while it may be--and in my opinion is, when properly carried out-a safe process on which to pass a butter as genuine, it is quite unreliable as a proof that the butter is adulterated, The admixture of three per cent. of carbonate of soda with the salt added to the butter, will, by this process, change the results so much, that a genuine butter would be condemned; and such a percentago of admixture is one that has been wed, while smaller percentages are common.” * 1% J: $: ‘‘ I have had several samples of butter apparently recently made, and, oertahly, in good condition, which have required as little as 21.34, 21*36, 21.60 per cent. of HHO to saponify them, and which have yet given less thm 89 per cent. of fatty acids by the flask washing process, and which, independently of the other conditions, I certainly would not condemn a8 adulterated, In my opinion, therefore, the titration process can only be relied on when it shows figures higher than Koettstorfer has put as the limits.”

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8830800154

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

156 TEEE ANALYST. MILK AND ITS ADULTERATORS IN NEW YORK. NUMEROUS analyses of the milk sold in the city of New York clearly established the fact that this important article was shamefully adulterated, and that on the average at least 33 per cent. of water was added to the original milk, while a, considerable part of the cream was often removed. It was also found that most of the condensed milk companies skimmed the milk before concmtrating it. The total frauds of milkmen amounted to about 10,000 dols. per day. The Metropolitan Board did not attemp to grapple with this evil, but as soon as Dr. Chandler was made president of the Health Department he initiated a successful warfare upon dishonest dealers, assuming that as milk was the chief diet of the 130,000 children in New York under five years of age, it was the most important article for sanitary supervision.The milk dealers organised an association, and secured legal and chemical assistance, attacking both the law and the chemical methods employed. After several test cases had developed all the facts the Court of Appeals affirmed the laws, and the best ohemists in the country endorsed the methods. About 40,000 dols. has been paid into the oity treasury as fines by offending milkmen, and quite a number of them have spent from ten to ninety days in prison.-Sanitary Engineer. [Note.-The above extract seems to show that the United States have gone far ahead of England in attempting to stop adulteration, but the profit is we fear too large for the attempt to succeed unless the fines are increased further. 40,000 dols. is a mere trifle as against the profits gained by watering and skimming milks in New York. And how about London and especially a West End district which we need not name ?-ED. ANALYST.] ADULTERATIONS IN LARD. AN American Journal says that it is openly admitted by the lard-dealers of Chicago that all lard is adulterated from ten to fifty per cent. In all but the worst grades the adulteration is harmless, being oleomargariiae, cotton-seed oil, vegetable oils, and tallow.--[We doubt this statement.-ED. ANALYST.]

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8830800156

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 157 WORK IN THE PABIS MUNICIPAL CHEMICAL LABORATORY DURING JULY, 1883. THE Paris authorities having adopted a new mode of reporting their Chemical Laboratory work, we print a, full trrmslation of the last Report. REPORT OF THE INSPECTOBS. Establishments and Markets visited.. ............................... 3876 Samples ................................................................. 572 Destroyed (damaged substances) and illegal ........................ 98 lVote.-The samples left by the public at the laboratory, or those collected by the Inspectors, are generally suspected to be of bad quality. The samples cannot therefore under these conditions represent the average quality of alimentary provisions sold oommercially in Paris.158 THE ANALYBT. Nature of the samples andysed.Total A Wines .......... -/ 592 Vinegars.. ...... 3 Beers .......... 20 Ciders.. ........ 8 Alcohols and Liqueurs.. I t 1 I 1 59 .... syrups .......... 4 waters ........ { 19 Milks .......... 300 Butters ........ 19 Bread .......... 2 Preserved goods. . - { .( 21 Chocolates ...... i 7 t .......... Flours Peppers ........ 17 Oils ............ 2 Sweetmeats .... 2 Coffees ........ 1 Ohicor y s - Meats and Fish . . 5 Pharmaceutical preparations .. { 3 Perfumery ...... 2 Tins.. .......... 16 Colouring materials 2 Spices .......... 1 Various ........ 153 Total 1273 ........ Oil cloths, bc. .. 13 Toys .......... 2 r ANALYSES MADE DURING THE MONTH OF JULY. Good The other samples are classed 8s follows : B c 46 Illness of wine (acid, bitter, fusty, &c.) 74 Flavour disagreeable (taste) 184 Plastered above 2 grammes.1 Deplastered ,, - 209 Adulterated by the addition of water. ,, by foreign colours. ,, by salicylic acid. 6 ,, ,, ,, by forbidden colouration. ,, by adding glucose. ,, with salicylic acid. by sugar or sour wine. I j st 88 - Adulterated by dilution. vinegar. by the substitution of alcohol vinegar to wine by the addition of mineral acids. 3 Adulterated by dilution. l1 } 2 1 - ,, by colour. - ,, with foreign colouring matters. 6 Adulterated by dilution. J - ., by salicylic acid. 18 Using alcohol with a bad taste. 7 Adulterated with foreign colouring matters. ,, with salicylic acid. - Adulterated by adding glucose. ,, by forbidden colouration. ,, with salicylic aoid. } 13 Contaminated with mineral matter.9 ,, with organic matter. 6 Rancid. ,, 168 132 Adulterated by dilution. 13 } Adulterated by the addition of water. by the addition of foreign fat. 1 Inferior flour used, 1 Adulterated with copper salts. ,, with alum. - } - Colouredwith copper. - Tainted. 2 Adulterated by the addition of flour. 7, $ 9 ,, foreign seeds. 9, 7, ,, shell. 8 Adulterated with foreign flour. 6 Not suited for bread making. 8 9 Adulterated with olive stones. 1 1 Adulterated with foreign oils. 2 - Coloured with forbidden substances. - 1 Adulterated with chicory. - - Adulterated with mineral matter. 2 3 Tainted 1 1 Forbidden substances. 6 7 Forbidden oolouring matters - 2 Forbidden oolouring matters. a 8 Presence of lead. 1 1 Porbidden colouring matters. 1 18 135 Artificial, &c.5 2 Not prepared aocording to the prescription or Phar- mscopeia. 360 - Note.-The totals of the columns B and c will not agree with the number of the analyses made, for the same sample may be counted under several headings in column c.TABULATED STATEMENT SHOWING THE WORK DONE BY PUBLIC ANALYSTS, UNDER ma 6 K 2a I 21 61 111 20 1 15 3 33 1 A .. 2a .. 17 110 1 .. a .. 2 31 ib .. 2 333 4 4 3 2 21 .. ao 'is .. 5 a; 292 5 .. .. .. 6 19 2 21 14 9 418 44 24 .. .. .. *. .. 11 43 20 24 26 .. .. .. 13 7 .. 5: 16 4 17 11 .. a 10 1; .. a10 30 167 48 13 ik .. 10 64 .. 23 5 16 1 2 12 1 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 4 . . . . . . . . 7 5 1 179 . . . . 2a 97 ia 96 . . . . 20 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . 5 1 . . . . . . . . 13 30 66 26 95 19 . . . . 4 5 . . . . 18 130 145 101 6 56 61 29 101 46 . . . . 1 1 6 . A . h ~ ~ ~ ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . q. ALFOBD ....... A. H. ALLEN ..... Y Y 91 t 9 1 ) ,Y 19 9, 91 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ' ..... A. ANQSLL ....... ......... ......... I .......... .......... A. Assasn.. ........ J. J. Bmmm .... A. W. Bascm~ .... J. OABTEB BCLL.. .. ............ Y Y I, Y l Y Y .... .... .... .... m, 311th-mi c& 66 2: 4 - i * . . . . . .. 9 ' -%a -. -. * . 1' -2, '. - - 5' - 0 9 - I 2 'i 'i 8 . .* 5 .. 9 . -. *. 8 - 9 . 8 . . . . . 9 . 10 11 * ' 9 . 8 . I 0 . 1 8 ' .. . . . . 9 ' .. * . 'i *. -- .- 9 . 3t f 4 3 6! 2! 3: 7 1 -- 9 . -4; 1: 4 1 E 1 5 1 * * - 9 .. .. .. .. .. .. I 4 3 7 3 .... a 3 .. 7 1 .. .. .. 3 1 10 5 1 9 30 9 'ia 4 1 1 5 4 6 1 3 8 6 .. .. 4 2 9 14 54 6 4 1 .. .. a aa 35 21 .. 32 16 16 3 .. 1, .... T. P. BLUNT ...... Cfrder g t I 208 283 12 9 2 10 35 33 1 5 3 6 248 la6 . . . . . . . . 6 6 4 3 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4 6 11 2 89 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2a 28 3 71 21 4 . . . . . . . . 6 11 10 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* a 170 3 . . . . . . . . 77 63 25 15 6 577 21 1 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 2 1 5 6 25 1 4 . . . . .... . . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 4 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 31 Lo9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 LO1 . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 144 15 5 19 2 6 72 2 . . . . . . . . 14 101 34 6 24 34 4 16 44 12 . . . . i a 22 1 ' 1 3 53 37 20 126 Y, *Y ...... ...... A. WYNTEB BLYTE. I ........ ........ . . . . . . . . ........ J. B B ~ ~ Y ...... J. OAMPBELL Baowa Y, 1 ) 1 ) 9) ...... ...... ...... ...... J. Ctrax.. ....... T. A. OOLL~~OE ... I W. G. CBOOK ...... E. J. DAY ...... ., 4. DVPBC ........ W. L. EMXXBBON . I 0. EfiTcOUBT ..... T. FUBLEY.. ...... .......... . m ........... .......... .......... Y Y ,Y . . . . . . . I .......... .......... .......... .......... J. W. GATEI~OUBE .. 8. H. GOBNU . . , 0. HASRISON ...... 8. HAltvEx ........ .......... ......... , ......... I ......... ......... I .........I ........ O.WHEA*OW ... 0. HERNEB.. ..... ......... ......... g; 3 : . . . . f 5 . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 : 2; .. : 4 I 4 d 1; .. 7( 6 1 9 f 9 1 4 ; .. .. .. l i 3 1 .. .. .. .. I .. *. .. 1 .. .. .. e a 4 21 .. 7 6 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 7 .. 9 2 9 9 3 .. 3 11 .. .. 5 3 . . . 2 . . . 3 .. 5 4 .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 1 .. . . . -- 399 ...... a,& ....... ,, ....... ......... A.H= ......... A. b u ~ o o s E m Y ? 9, ,Y J. F. HoDors.. ... 0. JIBYIIN.. ..... W. JOHNSTONE ... E. W. T. JONES.. . Y, ..... 9s ... #t ... # I ... J. F - L ~ x&li: Y * I Y ,Y Y I ,Y I t 9, Y, J. ~aar-~kNIoaTs Y* 91 ,Y Y, 3. R. L$)SOOn . . : ,D ... W.F.Lom ..... J.M . ' ~ P ..... , I ..... ..... 9s ..... 8 , ..... J. W. "~o&&i ,Y Y l W. Moaer# ..... Y I $ 8 I Y 99 I , ..... ,Y Y l 9 , ..... I1 YY ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... J. M W T ~ ....... 9, ?, ....... I, ....... Y, ....... y, ....... t* ....... ....... J. Numa ....... ......... ......... ......... ......... J. P ~ B Y . . ....... J. PATTXNMN . . , , . Y9 9 , I Y ..... Y Y ..... I ..... ..... tlamotgan (County) 36 lonmouth (County) ::I 17 iewport, Mon. ........ 23 tongFord(County) .... 5 Ceckney .............. 78 rarlisle .............. 3 I 9 , ..... ..... w.PELcE ....... F. P. PEBKINB ... 0. S. PIEWE.. ... F.M. RIMYINC)TON. 8. ~AUNDERS ..... E.SEBQEANT. .... J. H. STEAD ..... 9. ~TEVENBON.. ... ,Y 7 3 . . 4 1 4 .. 14 2 1 1 I , Y Y ..... %9 .....8 s Y Y 9, ..... ..... ..... ..... F. W. STODDART.. . tlasgow .............. ohnetone ............ 3lmamock mark (County) ...... tenfrew .................... tu t herglen lutherltmd .................. ,yr .................. 'erth ................ treenwich & Deptford.. 'lumstead ............ Voolwich ............ 'arsonstown TOTAL .......... 9 , .... A. w. STom8.. ... F. 8WTToN ....... W. J. RPXEB ..... R. R. TATLOCK ... J. W. THO~AS ... I Y ..... ,Y .... 17 .... 1 9 .... 0. R. C. TICHBOBNH J. W. TRIPE ...... T. H. WALKER .... WALLACE, TATLOCK, a n d C m ~ ...... ."j ." : : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . ................ 3 21 .. 28 10 4 80 26 28 49 2 22 35 8 6 56181123 945 ................ --- . . . . . . . . 'I 9 9 S t . , ...... . . . . .. . . ...... ...... ...... w. WuLAm ...... . . . . . . . . 43. W. WIQNEB .... Y ) .... 9 , .... T. WOODB ........ THE SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACT, DURING THE YEAR 1882. Compiled specially for THE ANALYST. ANALY8T FOR Broad st airs .......... Maid . tone .......... Rocvhester .......... Kent ............... Bernkley ............. Batley ............... Chesterfield ......... Dcrbphire, N. ....... Doncmter ........... Rotherham.. ......... Sbeffirld ............. Wake field ........... Yorkehire, W. Riding . Audover ............. O d d ford ........... Hampshire ........... Newport, I.W. ....... Winchester. .......... Gtrrrntbam ........... Newark ............. Denbighahire ......... Cbeleer ............. Birkenherd ......... Cheshue ............. Congleton ........... Gloss0 .............Stdy bridge ......... Merione thshire ....... Montgomeryahire ..... Shroprbire ........... Bideford ............. Dewonahire.. ......... Marylebone ......... Moulton, South ....... Totnes. .............. 8out hampton ....... Bleokbum ........... Lancaster (Boro') ..... Lancaeter (County) ... Livcrpool ........... Prest:m ............. Dambarton. .......... A elen sburgh ......... Paieley ............. Rochdale ........... Norwich ............. Bridport ............. Dorches ter ......... Lvme Begis ......... Westminster ......... Leicester (County) ... Northampton (Coonty) . Riitknd ............. Mmcheabr ......... Oldtram ............. Leeds ............... Pontefmct ........... Richmond, Yorks.. .... Ripon ............... Yorkehire, N. Biding .Bath ............... Warrington ......... Lincoln ............. Canterbary ......... Deal ............... Dover ............... Fsverahrm ......... Folkeetone ......... hlorgeb ............. Ramagate ........... Saudwioh ........... 8t. Martin's in the Field Derby (Boro' ....... Derbyshire, A. ....... Ryde ............... I& of Wight.. ....... Xerto (Bod A% County L4jwiBbun ........... St. John'r, Harnptead. Birmingham ......... Leamin~ ton ......... Stratford-upon-Amn. .. Warwick Bod) ..... Antrim (Coanty) ..... Somerset (County) ... S a l f O N f ............. y y [Count,) ... Belfast .............. Hudderofield .......... King's Ljnn .......... Kidderminster ........ Liuhfield ............ Staffordehire .......... W 8 h H .............. Wolverhampton ........ Edinbargh ............Galusehiele ............ Hawick .............. Jedburgh ............ Kelso ................ Leith (Bargh) ........ Mumelburgh .......... Roxbatgh (County) .... Eelkirk .............. .. (County) ...... Cambridge ............ .. (County). ... Ely. Ialeof ............ Rnntingdon (Uoanty) . , Baffron Wdden.. ...... Wisbeah .............. Londonderry (City) .... y y (County). . Carnarvon (County) .... Chester .............. Flint (County ........ Airdriv (Burghs) ...... kdrossaa ............ trvine ................ Fife (County) ........ hmberland .......... Kendel .............. Westmoreland ........ Brecon (Boro') ........ .. (County) ...... 3ardigan (County) .... Zarmarthen (Boro') . . , . y, (County) .. 3lamorgan (County) . . Kaverfordweet ........ Yeath ................Pembroke (County) .... Jwaneee .............. Fenby.. .............. Bermond m y .......... Lambeth ............ Newington ............ Rotherhithe .......... 3outhwark ............ renterden ............ Waudsworth Dhtrid . . B a r y St. Edmunds .... [pawich .............. 3onthwold ............ ludbnry .............. 3utTolk .............. ?enryn .............. 3crwick-on-Tweed .... 3ateah-d ............ Jewoeetle-on-Tyne .... ?ort hamberland ...... 3. Shielde ............ rgnrmouth .......... hidenhead .......... Zxeter (City & County) strand .............. 3radford. ............. lewsbnry ............ Jondon (City) ........ 3olton. ............... diddlesborough ...... 3edford (Boro') ........ .. (County) .... fodalming ............teivate .............. It. Leonard%, Sbrediteb It. Pancrae, Middlesex.. lnrrey ................ 3ristol.. .............. galisbury ............ 3etbnal Green ........ 'add ington .......... Jorfolk .............. 'orb mouth .......... 3ovan.. .............. >ardiff .............. h h a m (City) ........ 1 Butter. I-- I dl 17 - . a .. .. .. I .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 4 .. .. 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .- .. I' .. 1' .. .. I .. .. 3: 2c .. , .. 1 i .. 1 d .. .. .. .. I . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 11 21 t 1( 4f .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 1( z .. c f c 1 24 .. c .. 1( 24 4r 2: 4 f 1 5 3 C ..1 E 3 - I ' I ~1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. *. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. t .. .. .. .. .. .. t .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. *. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 If 4 f t .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 I 5 .. .. .. 1 1. .. 1 5 4 .. E .- r .. C & 4 1 .. .. r ,. .. 1 .. .. 1 I . * . *. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 1 .. .. - 144 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 4 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 2 .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .* .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. *. .. .. .. .. ! .. .. .. .. .. I 4( .. .. .. ..1 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. f; .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I .. .. .. .. e . ? .. .. .. 11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. i a .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. 4 1 .. .. .. .. .. * . 1 2 .. .. .. ' .. 5 .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. - 328 17 6 . . . 134 32 14 155 21 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 8 9 1 .. 2 . . . . . a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7 ia . . . . . . . . 16 1 . . . 94 16 8 . 4 . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3 1 . 15 4 22 i i 6 'is ' i o ; a4 2 *& 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7 . . . 5 1 2 . 3 .. 11 33 .. 32 . 4 2 2 . 6 2 3 . 276 74 53 . 24 1 2 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 .. s . 1 . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 .. 6 . 46 9 56 14 6 27, 3 2 5 32 1 21 . 16 4 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . 1 . 6 1 4 . 3 . . . . . . . . . 3 n 'ii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4 . . . . . . . . . 3 . 1 . . . . . 18 8 . . . 14 1 5 .. 6 .. 36 .. . . . . 2 .. 10 2 4 .. 41 4 . . . . 16 .... ~ .. 11 4 84' . . . . . . . .. 26 'i4 'ia .. L. .L .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a .. 4 .. 13 6 'i5 a .. 1 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 16 3 12 .. 2 .. 1 .. 2 .. 1 .. 2 . . . . . . 1 .. 1 .. . . . . 2 .. 1 1 1 . . 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 3 .. . . . . 5 2 .. 9 2 .. 27 . . . . . . . . ia 2 14 .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .. 8 3 2 . . 4 1 . . . . 20 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7 3 .. . . . . . . . . 2 2 . . . . 7 2 . . . . 10 4 . . . . 12 5 . . . . 3 2 . . . . 13 7 . . . . 2 1 . . . . 10 5 2 .. . . . . 9 .. 10 .. 30 .. . . . . 10 .. 5 2 0 . . 23 5 ' i 6 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7 .. 4 1 . . . . io a 44 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 2 8.. 2 1 . . . . , .. 19 .. . . . . . . . 7 . . . . . . 2 .. a .. 45 a 48 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 2 . . 2 2 15 .. 21 1 6 ..13 4 22 .. 15 4 . . . . 12 .. 1 .. . . . 14 . . . . . . . .70 56 a .. . . . . . . . a 1 9 . . a 4 8 . . 38 i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 . . . . 6 2 . . . . 2 .. 6 .. 2 . . . . . . 4 1 1 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 .. 5 .. 1s . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . 24 .. 9 .. . . . . . . . - -. -- - 51 4541017 4. .I .I 1 .I I 1 I 2 .. . a .. . I .. .. .. ., .. .. . a t E . a . I .. . I . a 1 . a t. .. . I 5 . a .. .. .. .. a . .. E .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I . I. 4 i' , ii 1 ( I I . 1: c 54 13 1E 4 8: - I d E 24- 5 - I ., .I . a .. .* ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3< .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. I . I . .. I . .. ,. .. .. ,. I . ,. ,. ,. ,. B . ,. ,. ,. 8 . ,. b . I . I . ,. 11 .. .. .. 10 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - 19E . . . . 15 1 7 .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. *. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - 4. 41 11 617 92 768 101 24 6 13 1 56 19 . . . . a 2 ibs 'io 72 a a 2 29 I 2 18 .. 115 19 . . . . 249 26 12 1 . . . . .. 337 39 6 1 778 16 10 .. 4 .. 652 66 10 1 19 9 6 9 1s 2 71 7 . .. . 193 2s . . . . .. 65 '46 12 .. 21 6 977 128 10 .. 387 67 . . . . . . . . .. 0 . 23 .. 3'3 10 1 .. 5 3 2 .. 75 6 158 21 a3 16 20 4 570 111 100 19 30 6 6 1 P o l 82 S 75 29 26 1 48 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7 31 ia I . . . . 12 .. 60 18 5 .. 43 10 16 .. 56 6 321 58 6 0 2 7 1 324 77 147 38 249 40 61 9 87 23 6 .. 19 3 170 57 26 7 4 1 46 7 2 4 1 27 4 3 1 198 17 16 1 11 1 8 am 10 0 17 1 57 10 10 .. 38 4 15 4 7 .. 44 8 53 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . a77 iia a 1 . . . . is a .. 0 . . . . . . I .. . . . . a 4 0 6 8 - 6 2 15 a 16 4 12 6 7 1 10' 2 ia 7 5 1 59 9 229 20 5 1 63 21 300 66 54 13 1 1 . . . . .. 34 'is ih -it3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4 19 2 102 14 9 1 1 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 11 286 4 a5 12 31 14 197 54 35 6 11 2 252 'is 14 2 54 14 196 60 195 30 36 4 125 31 66 18 136 17 .. . . 485 110 a9 40 i33 a9 ' i 4 2a 45 a 28 7 17 3 24 16 120 17 59 24 . . . . . . . . 2 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 53 11 179 30 130 3 102' 9 . . . . -- $00 2458THE ANALYST . 159 SAMPLES ENTERED IN JULY . Pnblio Serrioe . ~ _- -. J\ -.--___ Nsture of the Qualitative Samples Entered . Analyeeci . Wines .............. Vinegars ............ Beers .............. Ciders .............. Alcohols and Liqueurs Syrups .............. Waters ............ Milke .............. Malts .............. Butters ............ Oils ................ Flours .............. Breads. Cakes ........ Sweetmeats .......... Meats .............. Preserved Goods .... Salt. Pepper ........ Chicorya. Coffees. Teas Chocolates .......... Honeys ............ Preserves ............ Colouring Materids . . Toys .............. Coloured Papers .... Tins ................ Spices .............. ducts ............ Pharmaceutical Perfumery .......... various ............ TOTAZI .... 431 3 5 3 2 14 34 1 . . . . 2 1 3 2 1 2 . . . 1 13 . . . 2 1 6 527 r .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Quantitative Analyses . 24 5 2 1 6 1 3 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . 1 6 51 - - .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Inspeators’ Samples . 78 1 . . 2 6 300 6 15 1 1 9 5 . . . . . . . . 1 2 5 . . . . 140 .* .. .. .. 0 . .. .. .. .. .. m. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 . .. Totals . 533 4 10 5 5 26 335 1 9 15 2 3 3 1 11 1 1 . . . . 3 15 5 . . 2 2 152 512 = 1. 150 -

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN883080157b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 159 WORK DONE BY THE PUBLIC ANALYSTS DURING 1882 UNDER THE SALE OF FOOD AND DRUGS ACT. IN response to the Circular Notice sent out by the Secretaries of the Society of Public h l y s t s , 8 large number of returns of anctlyses made under the Act during 1882 have been received, but several more have yet to come to hand in order to make the table as complete as we have usually been enabled to do. We isaue with this number a tabulated list of tho returns already received, and traat that those analysts whose names are missing from the table will send their returns to the Secretaries by the 15th inst, SO that a supplementary list may be issued with our next number, when we can also make an examination of the table and compare it with those of former yews.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8830800159

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

160 THE ANALYST, PUBLIC ANALYSTS’ REPORTS. DR. C. A. CAMERON, Analyst for Dublin, reports that during June last he examined 60 samples of milk, of which 12 were adulterated in some cases with as much as 100 per cent. of water. He also examined 2 samples of coffee, 3 of mustard, 3 of pepper, and 4 of drugs. Mr. I?. W. Stoddart, Public Analyst for Bristol, reports that during the quarter ending June 30th, the total number of samples forwarded him for analysis under the Food and Drugs Acts amounted to 72, eleven of which were handed in by the public, and the remainder by the inspeckors appointed under the Act. Seventeen of the samples of various foods dealt with by him, or nearly one-fourth of the whole submitted, have been condemned. Of the twenty-four samples of milk forwarded, nineteen were found to be genuine, and the remainder adulterated with from fourteen to five per cent.of added water. Butter comes next on the list with sixteen samples, and is a high testimony to the purity of this branch of the provision trade-all samples being declared free from adulteration. Coffee does not come out of the ordeal nearly so creditably, as of the thirteen lots dealt with by the analyst, considerably more than half wail found mixed with chicory to the extent of 85 per cent., another 80 per cent., two 75 per cent., and so on down to 5 per cent. Lard waa tested on seven different occasions, and revealed but one adulterated lot, this sample showing a water addition of 21.8 per cent. Of mustard, three of five samples were found to be mixed with starch and turmeric, in two cases 50 per cent., and in the third case, 12 per cent. The sample of whisky emerged with the claim to be genuine, as did also the confectionery and bread submitted.BLOATER PASTE,-^ the twenty-seventh annual report of the St. Saviour’s District Board of Works, just published, the Andyst to the Board (Dr. Bernays, Professor of Chemistry, St. Thomas’s Hospital) says :-“ I have taken two potted meats and two extracts of meat. Both the potted ham and the potted bloater paste were of excellent quality. The bloater paste was coloured with a little oxide of iron, as the public will have it so. There is no adulteration, as the fact is stated upon the label, and is confirmed by analysis. It seems that the attempt to sell the bloater paste without the colouring matter has failed, and, as the appearance of the paste without the colour is not so agreeable to the eye, the oolour added is the least objectionable. Both of the meet extracts are good.No. 51 ia the better of theTHE ANALYST. 161 two. They are excellent stimulants, and best adapted for admixture with weak beef-tea. In households where soups are a common feature of the dinner-table, the introduction of suoh extracts would be a real economy. They contain no albumen, and this should be supplied, when necessary, by fresh meat.” TINNED FRUITS were the subject of a special report to a recent meeting of the Marylebone Vestry by Mr. A. Wynter BIyth, medical officer of health, who stated that he felt it his duty to specially draw the attention of the Vestry to the sale of fruits preserved in tins. He had analysed 21 samples, viz., 11 of preserved apricots, 8 of preserved tomatoes, and 2 of preserved pineapples ; every one of the samples contained in solution a probably injurious quantity of tin ; the least quantity found being equal to 14 grains per Ib., the largest to 11 grains per lb., the mean of the whole being about 4* grains per lb. The explanation of the contamination was, that the acid juices of the fruit acted upon and dissolved the tin. He would suggest that some kind of notice of these facts be given by the Vestry to the sellers of preserved fruits, No aotion was taken upon the report by the Vestry, it being considered that the publicity given by the Press would be sufficient.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN883080160b

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

THE ANALYST. 161 LAW REPORTS. A Lame Defence:- In the Northern Police Court, Dublin, before Mr. Keys, Q.C., Eliza O’Brien, of 27, Upper Ormond Quay, milk contractor and purveyor to the Dublin Garrison, was prosecuted at the suit of Mr. David Toler, food inspector, for having supplied a quantity of new milk for the use of the prisoners at the Military Prison, Arbor Hill, the said milk being adulterated with 40 per cent. of added water.- Mr. Adams, B.L. (instructed by Mr. McSheehy, law agent to the Corporation), prosecuted, and Mr. Edward Ennis, solicitor, defended.-Inspector Toler deposed that on Sunday morning, 10th June, from information he received he visited the Military Prison, Arbor Hill. He secreted himself in one of the passages from half-past six till eight o’clock, at which hour the milk was delivered to the Prison by a sub-contractor named Joseph Cassidy.There were 117 prisoners at the time undergoing terms of incarceration of from six months to two years, and the quantity of milk supplied for their consumption on this particular date was less than f o w gallons. Mr. Toler demanded a sample of the milk, and sub- mitted it to analysis by Professor Cameron, who certified that it was adulterated with 40 per cent. of added water. Mr. Toler also stated that the day before he had been served with a notice that the milk the subject matter of this prosecution was supplied by Mrs. O’Brien under a “ written warranty” with the sub-contractor Joseph Cassidy, and that she (Eliza O’Brien) relied upon that document for her defence, The inspector, however, informed the Court that a few days subsequent to the 10th June he visited Mrs.O’Brien’s establishment at Ormond Quay, and elicted from her the statment that there was no 6; written warranty ” between herself and Cassidy. The officer, therefore, called upon Cassidy to produae the document, which on examination was found to be dated (‘ 16th June.”-The sub-contractor Cassidy-who gave his evidence with great reluctance-said that his man got drunk the night before, and, as he was hardly sober on that morning, “ he made a mistake and Eeft the wrong nuilk at the prison.” On cross-examination Cassidy admitted that there were three cans of milk in charge of this man. One of the cans was to be left at the Arbor Hill Hospital, and4he other at the Royal Infirmary, Phamix Park.-Mr.Adams : 6; Perhaps, Sir, on the whole you did the best thing under the circum- stances, to deposit the ‘ 40 per cent.’ oan at the prison, and not bring it to the hospital.”-To the inspector: Was there a complaint against this contractor beforel-Mr. Toler: Yes; on one occasion O’Brien supplied this prison with milk which was adulterated with 143 per cent. of water-and another time served the 1st Baitalion Soots Guards, then stationed at Ship Street Barradks, with three con- signments of new milk, which were adulterated with from 51 to 69 per cent. of water. For these offences he was fined 337.-Mr. Bnnis : Thanks be to goodness it is nothing worse than water. Mr. Ennis then examined Mr. Toler as to whether he had ever taken samples of milk at Cassidy’s dairy, 21, Charlotte Street.-Mr.Toler replid that he had done so, and that they were pure, which WM, no doubt, chiefly because his appearance was so well known amongst the dairy keepers of Dublin.-&. Adams : I press for a heavy penalty in this w e . Here were 117 unfortunate prisoners supplied with less than four gallons of milk for their daily allowance. If it was pure it was bad enough, but to think that it was a decoction of nearly half mi& and water was perfectly scandalous.-The magistrate said the case was aertainly a bad one, and fined the contraator BlO.-Gassidy said he was not aware that there were previous complsints oonoerning Ms mi& -Mr. Toler : There w e seven in mi-.162 THE ANALYST. Owen Edwards, trading as Kibble & Co., Broadway, Deptford, was summoned by the Greenwich District Board of Works under the Adulteration of Food and Drugs Aot.-Mr.Lockyer for the defence, said Owen Edwards was not the proper person, it should have been Mr. Wells or Mr. Blaltby, but if Mr. Spencer liked he coiild have the summons amended.-Mr. Borsbery, Inspector, said he went to the shop of Kibble & Co. on April 25th, and asked for a pound of butter, aud paid 1s. for it, receiving a receipt for the shilling, and he then said he purchased it for analysation, and the person who served him said he would not find any butter in that, as it was butterine, and he had better changeit. Witness told him it was his, and he had paid for it. A portion of the butter was sent to the Analyst, who certified that it was butterine, which consisted of fat, which after purification had been churned with milk, but was not injurious to health.--In reply to Mr.Lockyer, the Inspector eaid he had often dealt at the defendant’s shop, but that was the first time he had been there as inspector. Had bought butter before as a private individual, but had never bought it for a ehi1ling.-Mr. Lockyer said he could not dispute the sale of the article, but there was an element of unfairness on the part of the inspector which should guide the magistrate in his decision. The inspector was a regular customer, and when he asked for a pound of shilling butter the salesman was taken off his guard, although it was not right for him to do so. They sold no shilling butter, but butterine, which was preferred by some of the customers to common butter for pastry.It was an instruction from the principal of the firm whenever butterine or shilling butter was called for, the seller should say it was butterine, and the inspector being a regular customer, it was supposed when he asked for shilling butter that he wanted it for pastry. The price list also described the article as butterine, and in it there was no butter for 8 shilling a 1b.- Mr. Balguy said a person of the inspector’s experience should have known that he could not get butter for a shilling, but it appeared to him that the shopman ought to have stated to the customer that it was butterine and not butter. Messrs. Kibble should take warning, and put up in the shop notice of butterine.-Mr.Lockyer said that was done.-The inspector said he saw no ticket on any of the butters, but knew butter could not be bought nnder 1s. 6d. a pound.-Mr. Balguy imposed a fine of 10s. and 2s. costs, the shopman not having stated the article was sold as butterine. Butter and Butterhe.-What is not a Proper Label :- Mr. John WShane, provision dealer, 272, Great Homer Street, was recently summoned at the Liverpool Police Court, under the provisions of the Food and Drags Act, for having, on the 19th July, sold butter adulterated with 80 per cent. of ingredients other than genuine butter. There were present on the bench Messrs. David Radcliffe (chairman), 0. H. Williams, E. Browne, and J. Yates. Mr. Minks, solicitor, prosecuted ; Dr. O’Feely, defended. On the day ia question a sanitary inspector, named Baker, visited the defendant’s shop and asked for 1 lb.of butter at 1s. Having been supplied, he informed the salesman that he was about to have the article analysed. Mr. M’Shane was sent for, and, having been asked about the sale, said, “ Oh, it’s all right ; it’s labelled.” A portion of the butter wag left with Mr. M’Shane, and the remainder was taken to the City Analyst, Dr. Brown, who pronounced it to be adulterated with 80 per cent. of fat derived from beef. According to the statement of Mr. Marks, there was no label on the parcel of butter sold to the inspector. There certainly waa a piece of paper in the folds of the paper which covered the butter, upon which was written in pencil “with butterine.” If it had been labelled properly, Mr.Marks continued to say, it would have protected the vendor under the 8th Section of the Act, but the inspector failed to find any such notification until he was informed of it by the defendant’s shopman ; and the slip of paper which had subsequently been discovered, and which no doubt would be relied upon and set up as a defence, was not a sufficient notice, and such a one 8s was demanded by the Act of Parliament, Evidence was given by Baker and another inspector. The former, in reply to Dr. O’Feely, said he did not taste the butter on the occasion on which he made the purchase from the defendant. The notification in pencil alleged to be written by the defendant he did net see written in the shop. I t formed part of a larger sheet of paper, which became fragmentery on account of its contact with water.Roger M’Guinnes8, the defendant’s assistant, was called, and said he wrote the words “ with butterine ” in the shop, and Baker coull have seen him do so had he wished. I t was contended by the defence that the written notscation referred to, enolosed in the parcel of purchased butter, was in compliance with the provisions of the Act. Dr. O’Feely said the words of the Act were that the vendor ‘‘ shall give notice byv a label di&inctly and legibly written.” The Chairman held thttt the label or enclosed notification was not suffioient ; that it was at variance with the spirit of the Act of Pttrliament, inasmuch as it was not placed on the article sold, John Martin, provision dealer, 7’1, firownlow Hill, was &150 summoned for a similar offence, the article sold as butter in his case being adulterated 82 per Gent.The detendaat was fined 40s. and oosts. He was fined 20s. and costs.THE ANALYST. 163 Butter Analysis.-Question as to time of Dying Fattg Acids :- William H. Wade, grocer, 35, West Street, Gravesend, was summoned at the instance of the Urban Sanitary Authority for selling adnlterated butter. Mr. Sharland, town clerk, prosecuted ; Mr. Mitchell defending. By the instructions of the Inspector under the Food and Drugs Act a man named Outrid went to the defendant’s shop on the 25th of July and bought half-a-pound of butter at lid. a pound. The inspector then informed Wade that he was the purchaser of the butter, and that he intended to have it analysed, offering to hand to the seller one-third of the half-pound.This was refused, and the whole of the butter was given to Dr. Gramshaw, the Borough Analyst. Subsequently, however, by the advice of his solifiitor, Mr. Wade applied for a third portion of the sample that had been taken, and after it had been sealed in the presence of the rnag$trates he was allowed to remove it for independent analysis. Dr. Gramshaw’s certificate WAS to the effect that the sample mas “not of the nature, substance, and quality of butter.” His report, however, he said, needed a qualscation, via, that in his analysis he might not have dried the fatty .acids quite sufficiently. Hj had dried them for two hours but if he had dried still more it might have reduoed the proportion by two degrees. If it had been so reduced the butter wozld still have been adulterated.The anzlysis was--“ Fatty acids, 9553. No chnnge injurious to the sample has taken place, There is little or no butter in this sample.” Mr. Gramshaw added that the sample was decidedly adulterated. The fatty ncid in genuine butter was 87.3, and in lard or fat it was 95.5. Cross-examined: The presence of 95 per cent. of fatty acids was incompatible with genuine butter. Mr. Mitchell, for his client, said this was a serious matter, both to the retail and the wholesale dealer, Mr. Tom Smith, who had supplied the butter to the defendant. He called Mr. R. H. Harland, F.C.S., F.I.C.,’of the firm of Wigner & Harland, in business at Lombard Street, E.C., who had made an independent analysis of a sample of the butter, which he had found to be perfectly genuine butter, He received it closely sealed up.Both the specific gravity (9137) and the insoluble fatty acids ($9.09) were such as would be expected to be found in genuine butters of this alass. He considered that Dr. Gramshaw had not sufficiently dried his fatty acids. Two hours drying was not enough, the usual time was from twelve to sixteen hours. If the butter was dried only for three or four hours, in the way that Dr. Gramshaw made the analysis, the analyst might get a variation of two or three per cent, Mr. Tom Smith, wholesale grocer, of Eing Street, Gravesend, deposed that he sold this butter to Mr. Wade. He had no hesitation in saying that this sample was genuine butter. By the Mayor : He believed at this time of the year butter made solely from the milk of the cow could easily be sold by the retailer at fourteen pence a pound.Mr. Sharland then asked the bench to order that the third remaining portion of the sample should be sent up to Somerset House to be officially tested. Mr. Mitchell, however, urged that, in the face of an analysis which was admittedlyopen to question as to the manner in which it had been conducted,it was unfair to keep the defendant in suspense. The Mayor said it was a case of great importance to shopkeepers and customers, and the bench considered it best, in the conflict of the analyses, that the suggestion of the prosecution should be adopted, and the third portion of the butter be sent to the C‘ommissioners of Inland Revenue for examination.The case was adjourned for a fortnight, in order that this analysis might be reoeived. At the adjourned hearing on the 17th August, the Town Clerk said he understood.that the certscate from Somerset House Idsified the report of the Borough Analyst, while it sustitiued that of Mr. Harlmd. -The certificate of the Somerset House Laboratory was as under :-a‘ The sample of butter referred to in the annexed letter ” (that of the clerk to the justices), ‘‘ and sealed as described therein, was received here on the 4th inst. We hereby certify that we have analysed the butter, and declare the results of our analysis to be as follows :-Water, 9-02 per cent. ; curd, 1.81 per cent. ; salt, 2.50 per cent. ; fat, 86.67 per cent. From a consideration of the results of a full analysis of the fat we are of opinion that the butter is genuine.” The aertiiioate was signed, L L J.Bell, Ph.D., R. Bannister, G. Lewin.” Mr. Mitchell asked for an order of the bench &smissing the case, and this was granted ; whereupon defendmt’s solicitor asked for full oosts against the prosecution, remarking that the charge had been a serious loss to his client, whose takings had fallen off several pounds a week in consequence.-The bench decided to allow the defendant S6 5s.for the analysis he had obtained, and 33 3s. for the solicitor’s costs. It was ordered that oopies of the analysis should be given to the defend&.THE ANALYST . RECENT CHEMICAL PATENTS . The folIowing specifications have been recently published, and oan be obtained from the Great 8eal Office, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, London ....-..._I_.........-. 164 NO . 1882 . Name of Patentee . 5671 C . D . Edman . . . . 5698 L . Heppsnstall . . . . 5713 W . J . Cooper . . . . 5714 W . C.Horne . . . . . . 5742 S . P . Thompson and d . D . Husbands . . . . 5765 W . C . Clennell . . . . 5766 J . Walker . . . . . . 5767 W . A . Barlow . . . . 5769 E . G.Brewer . . . . 5783 W . A . Barlow . . . . 5785 L.A. Groth . . . . . . 5786 Ditto . . . . . . 5787 Ditto . . . . . . 5788 Ditto . . . . . . 5796 W . R.Lake . . . . . . 5809 5 . Hargraves & T . Robinson 5833 J . Wavish and J . Warner . . 5861 P . M . Justice . . . . 5887 L . Hartmann . . . . 5913 F . Wirth . . . . . . 5914 C..D . Abel . . . . . . 5918 H . H . Lake . . . . . . 5927 F .C . Glaser . . . . . . 5932 P . G . Oster . . . . . . 5952 I.A. Timmis . . . . 5961 G . L . Anders & J . B . Henck 5966 J . Jameson . . . . . . 5977 J . Rapieff . . . . . . 5981 R . Nicholls . . . . . . 6019 W . S . Horry . . . . . . 6022 W . A .. Barlow . . . . 6058 C . A.Faure . . . . . . 6075 L . A . Groth . . . . . . 6083 D. Milne and L . B . Miller . . Title of Patent . Prioe . Obtaining Golouring Matters . . . . . . . . . . 4d . Dyeing Aniline Colours . . . . . . . . . . . . 4d . Distillation of Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . 4d . Manufacture of Luminous Paper . . . . . . . . 4d . Electric and Magnetic Apparatus for Telephonic Purposes. &c . Treatment of Subshnces Containing Mixed Animal and . . . . . . Treatment of Materials used in Purifying Coal Gas for Accumulators or Secondary Batteries .. . . . . . . Electrs Magneto and Electro Dynamo Machines . . . . Preparing Fluid Isinglass from Cod Fish Bladders . . . . Preparing Fluid Glue from Fish. &c . . . . . . . . . Vegetable Matter. to separate the same Recovery of useful Products therefrom Magneto and Dynamo Electric Machines Extracting and Preserving Oil from Fish. &c . . . . . . . Preparing Extract from Fish. &c., for Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treating Hydrochloric Acid . . . . . . . . . . Incandescent Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . Gaso Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . Voltaic Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Production of Magnesia Salts from Sulpho Acids Oxidising Textile Fabrics .. . . . . . . . Dynamo Electric Machines . . . . . . . . . . 3lanufacture of Bichromate of Potash . . . . . . . . Preparation or Compound for use as a Substitute for Linseed Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressing Asbestos into Wood. &c . . . . . . . . . Dynamo or Magneto Electrie Machines . . . . . . . . Effecting Condensation of less Condensible Matters Contained in Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . Galvanic Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treatment of Town Sewage . . . . . . . . . . Dynamo Electric Machines . . . . . . . . . . Producing Monalcoholized Hydric Bases . . . . . . Incandescent Electric Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Treatment at High Temperature of Alkaline Salts and Metals Electro Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4d. 4d . 4d . 6d. 4d. 2d. 2d. 2d. 4d. 6d. 6d. 2d. 2d. ad . 4d. 4d. 8d. 4d. 4d. 2d. 6d. 2d. 4d. 6d. 4d. 6d. 6d. 6d . 4a. 4a. BOOKS. &c., RECEIVED . The Chemist and Druggist ; The Brewers’ Guardian ; The British Medical Journal ; The Medical Press ; The Pharmaceutical Journal ; The Sanitary Reoord ; The Miller ; The Provisioner ; The Practitioner ; New Remedies ; Proceedings of the American Chemical Sooiety ; Science ; The Inventors’ Record ; New York Public Health ; The Scientific American ; Society of Arts Journal ; Sanitary Engineer of New Pork ; Cowkeeper and Dairyman’s Journal ; Sugar Cane ; Country Brewers’ Gazette ; The Medical Record; The Grocers’ Gazette; London Water Supply. by Crookes. Odling and Tidy; Chemical Review ; Independent Oil and Drug Journal and Paint Review ; Science Monthly ; Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry ; Agricultural Chemical Analysis. by Dr . Percy F . Frankland .

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN8830800161

出版商:RSC    

年代:1883

数据来源: RSC