摘要:

The accumulation of late-instar larvae of the predator,Toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus(Coquillett), during late summer and early fall in automobile tires on an island near the west coast of Florida reduced the average densities of prey larvae ofAedes aegypti(L.), from more than 100 to less than 5/tire. Then during the winter months, while the predators overwintered as diapausing last-instar larvae, the number of tires positive for prey increased from 13 to 43%. With the termination of diapause in the spring, the predator population again increased, and the prey population decreased. The findings are discussed in the context of usingToxorhynchitesTheobald as a biological control agent against container breeding mosquitoes.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.37

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A study was made of the distribution of foraging honey bees from 28 apiaries (955 colonies) to 35 small floral plots, representing 6 plant species, within 60 km2. Bees from many colonies foraged at the various plots, regardless of plot size. Increasing percentages of foragers originated from colonies near the plots as the number of colonies increased. Nectar and pollen loads varied greatly according to the source species, and did not have an obvious relationship to the distribution pattern of foraging bees.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.43

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

No harmful effects were detected in gross and detailed diagnosis of rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs treated with different mycelial and conidial formulations ofHirsutella thompsoniiFisher in primary skin and eye irritation, acute inhalation, acute dermal, and acute oral toxicity tests.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.47

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Males ofTetranychus urticaeKoch are strongly attracted to pharate females. The male will remain and guard the pharate female until emergence of the adult, when mating occurs.The sesquiterpene alcohols farnesol and nerolidol were previously reported as male attractants of the twospotted spider mite. The monoterpene alcohol citronellol was isolated and identified from pharate females. Males were highly attracted to 10 ppm synthetic citronellol in bioassays.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.50

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The xanthene dye, erythrosin B, was evaluated as a surface spray for control of the house fly,Musca domestica, in breeding areas under caged layer chickens. A weekly spraying of an aqueous solution of erythrosin B directly on chicken manure reduced house fly populations up to 94% in small-scale tests and 89% in a large-scale test. Larvae of the associated beneficial species, the soldier fly,Hermetia illucens, were not reduced by erythrosin B treatment. Approximately 80% of the erythrosin B was not recoverable from the manure after one wk.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.53

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The inter-instar susceptibility of the velvetbean caterpillar to a nucleopolyhedrosis virus was quantitated. Analysis of response curves revealed a 930-fold range in susceptibility between the most sensitive and the most resistent individuals in these larval populations. The LD50values for 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th instars were 103, 432, 682, and 4100 polyhedra/larva, respectively. At 26.7°C the virus replicated efficiently in all larval instars. Virus replication was slower at lower temperatures (15.6°C, 21.1°C) but the cumulative virus mortality at these these temperatures were similar fo that achieved at 26.7°C. Incubation at higher temperatures (32.2°C), however, caused a 30–50% less virus mortality than occurred at lower temperatures.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.59

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Malva neglectaWallr. andDescurainia sophia (L.)Webb ex Prantl, common weed species growing in the orchard at the same time that eggs of the green peach aphid (GPA),Myzus persicae(Sulzer), are hatching on peach trees and on prunings on the floor of the orchard, supported development and reproduction of hatching fundatrices (stem mothers) in Mar. and Apr. Also, sticky traps hung from peach trees caught large numbers of aphids falling to the ground. Thus, fundatrices of the GPA that fall onto weeds or develop there are the early progenitors of the population buildup on weeds, not the fundatrigeniae (progeny of stem mother) as believed earlier.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.62

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The virulence ofNosema pyrausta(Paillot) in combination withBacillus thuringiensisBerliner, carbaryl, and carbofuran in the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis(Hübner), was studied under field and laboratory conditions.Under field conditions, the percentage of larvae obtaining an infection ofN. pyraustaand the intensity (spores/εg larval tissue) of these infections did not differ significantly among the insecticide treatments and the check.Under laboratory conditions, the percentage of larvae obtaining aN. pyraustainfection was not significantly different among treatments, suggesting that at the rates tested, insecticides used in this study do not affect the percentage of larvae obtaining aN. pyraustainfection. However, the intensity ofN. pyraustainfection was affected by insecticides under the conditions of the experiment.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.67

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study was made to determine whether a temperature could be found that would cause laboratory (mass) reared boll weevil,Anthonomus gradis grandisBoheman, to develop at an uniform rate (85% or more of insects pupated at the beginning of adult emergence) from eggs to adults in 11–12 days and to obtain an 85% or larger emergence of adults during a 3 day or less period but not have a decrease in yield of weevils. Three tests were conducted in which 7 developmental-period temperature regimens were used. When the rearing-medium temperature was held constant at 30.0°C for the entire development period (egg to adult stage), the total development period was 2 days shorter than with the other temperature regimens studied, but the yield of adults was lower than with some of the other temperature regimens. None of the temperatures studied resulted in uniform insect development.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.72

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In central Texas,Trichogramma pretiosumRiley successfully overwintered within eggs of the tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens(F.), and the Angoumois grain moth,Sitotroga cerealella(Olivier). AllT. pretiosumin host eggs exposed before mid-Nov. produced adults before early Jan. Overwintering individuals developed from host eggs parasitized between mid-Nov. and early Jan. Some overwintering parasites emerged during warm periods in Jan., but few parasites emerged from host eggs exposed in Jan. Most overwintering parasites emerged from early Feb. to mid-Mar. In these 2 hosts, which do not overwinter as eggs,T. pretiosumoverwintered in the immature stages at a reduced rate of development. Temperature was probably the primary factor regulating the pattern of development and adult emergence.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/9.1.75

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: OUP