摘要:

Hourly sampling catches ofManduca sexta(L.) in electrocutor grid traps baited with a blacklight lamp, virgin females, or both attractants, indicated that these moths are active all night in the Gainesville, Florida, area. Traps baited with females captured only males; traps baited with blacklight and blacklight + females caught both sexes. Many more males than females were captured at all hours of the night. Peak catches of males occurred between 2 and 4 AM EDT in each of the 3 treatments. Most females were captured between sunset and midnight.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.6.679

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A study was conducted to study development ofHeliothis virescens(F.),Heliothis subflexa(Guenee), and their hybrid progeny.H. virescenscompleted the larval stage in 18.2 days andH. subflexain 16.7 days. No differences were observed between sexes in rate of larval development in either species.In attempts to hybridize the 2 species,H. subflexafemales mated readily withH. virescensmales. Eggs were fertile and larvae emerged. Males from this mating required 15.1 days, as contrasted with 17.7 days for females, to complete the larval stage. F1males were sterile; females were completely fertile. These sterile males may be separated either on the basis of time of pupation or the basis of weight for a sterile release program to controlH. virescens.Progeny were not obtained from the reciprocal matingsH. virescensfemales withH. subflexamales. Progeny from F1females mated withH. virescensmales did not show a differential development rate for males or females.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.6.682

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

High-frequency sound at an intensity of 90 decibels was tested on males of the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana(L.). The insect's behavioral pattern (antennal movement, locomotion, grooming, and cleaning of the antennae) under the influence of high-frequency sounds did not show significant differences from normal. This technique can, therefore, be employed in studying the motor activity of maleP. americanaunder different conditions.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.6.687

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Four factors that affect oviposition behavior ofDendroctonus ponderosaeHopkins in lodgepole pine,Pinus contortaDouglas, were investigated. These were distance between egg galleries, size of the female, phloem thickness, and temperature.The average number of eggs oviposited per inch of gallery increased with increases in each of the 4 factors. The average number of eggs oviposited per day also increased with increases in each factor except that the effect of distance between galleries was not investigated. The rate of gallery construction increased only with an increase in temperature; it was unaffected by size of female and phloem thickness. Again the effect of distance between galleries was not investigated.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.6.691

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Adults and nymphs ofLygus hesperusKnight andL. elisusVan Duzee were found to be distributed in cotton fields in clumped, nonrandom patterns. The nymphs showed more clustering than the adults. The adults and nymphs were consistent in their degree of clumping between 8 AM and 6 PM. The observed distribution patterns were fitted by several contagious mathematical models. Statistical analyses indicate the feasibility of using theoretical distributions to describe samples based on adult-plus-nymph or adult-plus-twice-nymphs counts.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.6.695

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Sequential sampling plans are presented for determining the need for chemical control forLygus hesperusKnight andL. elisusVan Duzee in cotton. The tables were developed from sweep-net samples taken between 8 AM and 6 PM in 43 large cotton fields during 1968–70. Analyses show these plans can be used at any time of day, provided the cotton is not wet from dew. The individual sequential tables are based on a consideration of adults only; adults-plus-nymphs; and adults-plus-twice-nymphs for early and late-season economic threshold levels.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.6.704

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Seasonal fluctuations of Diptera indigenous to domestic solid waste were examined at the Gainesville, Florida, municipal compost plant during 1968–1969. Populations of both immature and mature forms were estimated and the efficiency of chemical and physical control procedures was tested.The major fly source at the compost plant was larvae-infested incoming refuse.Phaenicia cuprina(Shannon) comprised more than 97% of these larvae which migrated into protected areas where they developed into adults producing approximately 450,000 adult flies per week from June through September. This population could be reduced by 63.5–80.7 percent by procedural changes and good housekeeping.Daily application of a dichlorvos sugar bait reduced the number of flies by 66.7– and one application of dimethoate to the night-time roosting sites reduced the population by 97.5– for 1 week.Recommendations for fly control at refuse processing plants are listed.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.6.710

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Biological control ofTetranychus urticaeKoch on strawberry was investigated in southern California during 1968–69. Mass releases ofPhytoseiulus persimilisAthias-Henriot were made at the equivalent rate of 86,250 total per acre at weekly intervals for 4 weeks, starting January 7. Populations of prey and predators were followed at weekly intervals from December through June. A flash flood, resulting from a cloudburst on February 24, destroyed all but 2 replicates (1 check and 1 release) and covered all plants with water for several hours.T. urticaereached a peak population, averaging 508.1 and 484.2 mites per leaflet in the remaining check and release plots, respectively, on April 22. By May 13,T. urticaeaveraged only 5.0 per leaflet in the release plot compared with 178.6 per leaflet in the check.P. persimilisreached a peak population, averaging 22.1 mites per leaflet, in the release plot on May 6, compared with 3.0 per leaflet in the check. Native predators (primarilyScolothrips sexmaculatus(Pergande) were adversely affected by the flooding, remaining at low numbers through March 25 and reaching a peak of 0.5 predators per leaflet on May 27.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.6.717

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In experiments conducted in a large, white laboratory flight chamber, significantly more adultRhagoletis pomonella(Walsh) arrived on 15×20-cm rectangles painted Lemon Yellow enamel than on similar rectangles painted light green, blue, light orange, red, white, 6 shades of gray, or black enamel, or covered with aluminum foil or constructed of clear Plexiglas®. When interpreted in the light of the respective spectral reflectance curves, these data are clear evidence that (1) the strong response of the flies to yellow is primarily one to the hue of yellow and not primarily one to the intensity of light reflected from yellow, (2) the response to yellow is one of positive attraction and is not merely the result of repulsion by other hues or shades, and (3) radiation in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum is not attractive.In experiments conducted in apple trees, significantly more apple maggot flies were captured on sticky-coated 15×20-cm rectangles painted daylight fluorescent Saturn Yellow than on similar rectangles painted daylight fluorescent Lightning Yellow, Arc Yellow, Signal Green, or Fire Orange, or painted Lemon Yellow enamel or covered with aluminum foil. It is proposed that yellow color, particularly Saturn Yellow, is so attractive to the flies because it constitutes a “supernormal” foliage-type stimulus eliciting food-seeking and/or host plant-seeking behavior. When compared with stickycoated 7.5-cm-diam red spheres, sticky-coated 15×20-cm rectangles of Saturn Yellow captured a comparable number of apple maggot flies during the 1st 2 weeks of the fly season but fewer and fewer flies in comparison with the spheres as the season progressed. However, under circumstances where the positioning of the devices in the trees might be less than optimum, a medium or large surface of Saturn Yellow combined with a simple ammonia-type compound could prove more effective than a red sphere as a monitoring device for the flies.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.6.720

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Seasonal population trends for 7 leafhopper vectors of the peach yellow leaf roll strain of Western X-disease were monitored in central California using yellow sticky traps. Collections were made weekly during 1970 and 1971 forColladonus geminatus(Van Duzee),C. montanus(Van Duzee),Euscelidius variegatus(Kirshbaum),Fieberiella florii(Stål),Keonolla confluens(Uhler),Osbornellus borealisDeLong&Mohr, andScaphytopius delongiYoung. Of these species onlyC. montanus, O. borealis, andS. delongiwere collected in numbers great enough to establish distinct population trends. Vector adults were collected throughout the year, although not in great numbers during the period from January to March.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/1.6.726

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1972

数据来源: OUP