摘要:

The olfactory responses ofPeristenus pseudopallipes(Loan) to the odors of some food plants of its host, the tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolarisPalisot deBeauvois), were studied. The parasitoid females responded preferentially toErigeronplant odor in a Y-tube olfactometer. The attractive odor was shown to emanate from the flowers. The responsiveness of theP. pseudopallipesfemales was shown to be related to the number of eggs in their ovaries. The flowers ofErigeronwere also preferred for feeding, and this feeding apparently was necessary for maximum longevity.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.69

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Traps baited with 5 virgin ♀Synanthedon pictipes(Grote and Robinson) recovered 28.3% released ♂ (80% of those caught); traps baited with 1 ♀ caught 7.1% released ♂ (20% of those caught). Each female in either case was equally attractive, attracting 20% of the recorded catch. Traps made with a hardboard base that supported 2 hardware-cloth wings, and covered with a hardboard roof, captured 1.8 times more ♂ moths than 1-gal carton traps, when each was baited with 5 ♀/trap.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.73

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Traps baited with virgin femaleLaspeyresia pomonella(L.) were distributed inside of each commercial orchard plus 47 noncommercial sites throughout 32 square miles of the Wenas Valley, WA, to monitor the inter- and intra-orchard dispersion of sterile marked males. The males dispersed to all points within the orchards; migrated from backyard and abandoned trees located throughout the area into the orchards, and from orchards into these locations, frequently 1.5 miles and occasionally as much as 5.4 miles; and entered the valley from an adjacent orchard to the south of the Wenas Valley, or entered this orchard from the valley. Trap placement and numbers, female density, and wind were important factors that influenced intra-orchard dispersal. In open terrain, behavioral changes were noted in flight and searching, and the host plant was more attractive than pheromone traps. From this study, we can conclude that long-distance dispersal is not unusual but involves a small percentage of the population, and that codling moth populations tend to remain localized.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.75

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Sexual attraction was observed inDacus oleae(Gmelin) which, as opposed to all other tephritid fruit flies examined, is generated by the females and is directed exclusively toward the males. It is conjectured that in this sexual attraction an airborne pheromone is involved. Daily rhythm and age at appearance of attraction in this species coincides with mating, which indicates that these 2 functions are associated. Sexual attraction seems to be regulated by light intensity and reaches maximum levels during the last hour of the photophase. Females start attracting males from the 2nd day of post-emergence life, while males respond to female attraction after the 3rd day of their adult life. In flies of the same age, sexual attraction begins after the 3rd day of their adult life, reaches maximum at the age of 7–11 days, and starts decreasing from the 17th day. Mated females lose their attractiveness for a period of at least 6 days.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.82

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Looplure,cis-7-dodecenyl acetate, is the sex pheromone ofTrichoplusia ni, (Hübner) and hexalure,cis-7-hexadecenyl acetate, is an attractant for males ofPectinophora gossypiella(Saunders). Quantitative field experiments were conducted to evaluate looplure, hexalure, and 9 related compounds, as agents for the disruption of sex pheromone communication inT. niandP. gossypiella. Communication in each species was disrupted to a small degree by a number of the related compounds. However, looplure and hexalure were most active forT. niandP. gossypiella, respectively. Thus, the related compounds appear to have little potential for behavioral control of these 2 species.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.87

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Eight pheromones were collected as volatiles from livingDendroctonusbeetles, and identified by GLC/MS. WithDendroctonus frontalisZimmerman, in addition to earlier reported pheromones, the monoterpene ketone pinocarvone, and frontalin, were released by males, and the terpene alcohol myrtenol was released by both males and females. WithD. ponderosaeHopkins, besides the previously known pheromones,endo-brevicomin and 3-methyl-2-cyc1ohexen-1-one (MCH) were released by males, and frontalin was collected from pairs of this species. Bioassay indicated thatexo-brevicomin withD. ponderosae, and myrtenol as well as verbenone withD. frontalis, are multifunctional pheromones, since a small quantity (released by females) was synergistically attractive, and a larger quantity (released by males) was repressive and/or evoked “rivalry” behavior. For this latter effect, the male pheromones were designated antiaggregative-“rivalry” pheromones. WithD. ponderosae, our data contradict the previous belief that this species releases no inhibitor and depends upon host-oleoresin effects to stop beetle aggregation. The identified male pheromones were released with males placed together, as well as with pairs, and the pheromones of fmaleD. frontalis(though not of femaleD. ponderosae) were also released with females placed together, as well as with pairs. Both intrasex and intersex stimuli and response must be important in pheromone release, and may help answer certain questions about bark beetle behavior of practical significance in attempts to utilize these pheromones in control.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.90

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

To define the selective toxicity of pirimicarb (5,6-dimethyl-2-dimethylamino-4-pirimidinyl dimethyl carbamate) for use in integrated control, the toxicity of a 50% wettable powder and a fumigant were tested vs. 1 pest and 3 beneficial arthropod species. Although pirimicarb was highly toxic to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae(Sulzer)) it was not toxic toChrysopa carneaStephens,Encarsia formosaGahan, andPhytoseiulus persimilisAthias-Henriot. Therefore, pirimicarb could be a particularly useful pesticide in a multipest, integrated control program for greenhouse crop production where aphids, whiteflies and mites coexist.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.99

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A sequential sampling plan based upon the binomial distribution is presented for the cotton fleahopper,Pseudatomoscelis seriatus(Reuter). This plan will enable the cotton scout rapidly to determine the infestation level with predetermined accuracy, thereby saving time and money.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.102

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Horn fly host location in relation to various environmental factors was investigated. There were no significant differences between the success of newly emerged horn flies and day-old flies in locating hosts, or between males and females of either age. In a variety of weather conditions, horn fly dispersal and subsequent host location appeared to be random with respect to predominant wind direction. Directional movements, however, were influenced by temperature, wind velocity, and humidity. The temperature threshold for host location was ca. 18.3°C., and successful location increased as temperature increased from that level. Host location was more successful at low wind velocities; very few flies successfully located a host at high (10–20 mph) wind velocities. Increased wind velocity was the most important adverse factor affecting upwind orientation, while higher humidity levels appeared to assist host location on the upwind positions.High air temperature was the most important factor aiding host location on animals downwind and crosswind to fly-release points. Higher humidity and wind velocity contributed to lower levels of host location in downwind positions. Flies released in evening (2130 h) and early morning (0330 h) were more successful in host location than those released in daylight hours, i.e., 0930 and 1530 h. Horn flies were able to fly 7.3 miles in a 10-h period to locate a bovine host. There was a strong tendency for both parous and nulliparous flies to transfer from one host to another.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.107

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Two juvenile hormone mimics, ZR 512 (ethyl 3, 7, 11-trimethyl-dodeca-2,4-dienoate) and ZR 515 (isopropyl 11-methoxy-3, 7, 11-trimethyl-dodeca-2,4-dienoate), were found to prevent larval metamorphosis and the production of larval broods, when 1 mg weekly + 100 ppm ad libitum were fed to colonies of the fire ant. Lower doses of 1 and 10 ppm (+ 10 or 100 μg weekly respectively) did not prevent reproduction or metamorphosis but caused a shift in the castes produced from all workers to a proportion of alate males. Filter paper impregnated with 5–10 ppm ZR 512 in small cups caused death of workers within 48 h, and caused aggressive behavior among workers exposed to it outside the colony. No such behavioral effects were noted with ZR 515.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.112

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP