摘要:

Lycopodium obscurumvar.dendroideum(Michx.) D.C. Eaton has yielded two apparently new alkaloids in addition to the known lycopodine and obscurine and to alkaloid L13 also found inL.tristachyum. One of these, alkaloid L16, is isomeric with lycopodine and with alkaloid L13, while the second, alkaloid L17, is best represented by C18H27O3N. Nicotine is not present in tangible quantities.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr44b-007

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1944

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The method of Crowley and Robinson (5) for the synthesis of 6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2-naphthoic acid has been modified to provide an improved and general method for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2-naphthoic acids. The 7-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2-naphthoic acid and its ethyl ester have been shown to react with butadiene and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene to give 3-methoxy-5,8,9,10,13,14-hexahydrophenanthrene-14-carboxylic acid and its 6,7-dimethyl derivative. The relationship of these hydrophenanthrenes to possible degradation products of morphine and metathebainone has been discussed. An unsuccessful attempt was made to lengthen the C14-chain by converting the carboxyl group to an aldehyde group by the Rosenmund method followed by condensation with malonic acid. The projected conversion failed in the first stage.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr44b-008

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1944

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The texture and other physical properties of soap dispersions in mineral oil, or lubricating greases, depend largely on the degree of dispersion of the soap. Calcium and aluminium soap dispersions yield in general a very short unctuous texture owing to the small size of the soap fibres in these systems. Sodium soap dispersions show a wide range of texture from a smooth to a very fibrous character, and this is related to the dimensions of the soap fibres in the dispersion.A novel method of examination of these fibres is described, and this procedure is compared with other means. Data and photographs of soap fibres are shown.The development of large fibres is discussed and the growth of fibres by orientation and overlapping of smaller fibrils is described. Evidence is adduced by micro-manipulator examination of soap and non-soap fibres in mineral oil. The effect of glycerol, present in greases manufactured from fats, is shown to be essential for the production of long fibres in ordinary practice, and this effect is ascribed mainly to the ability of oil to wet the soap in the presence of glycerol.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr44b-009

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1944

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Finely dispersed sodium hydroxide, suspended in mineral oil, was used to saponify fatty acids and fats in mineral oil solution. Saponification was carried rapidly to completion at 60 °C. The properties of the resultant soap suspensions in oil are discussed. The degree of saturation of the fatty acids or fats is of importance in the viscosity of the suspension formed. Low molecular weight fatty acids down to acetic were also saponified by this method. Of various fats used, only mutton tallow was completely saponified at low temperature.Finely dispersed calcium hydroxide in mineral oil suspension effects complete saponification of fatty acids in mineral oil solution at a temperature of 50 °C. and of mutton tallow at a somewhat higher temperature. The effect of degree of unsaturation, and the use of other fats are discussed. Small quantities of added water are shown to promote saponification.This saponification procedure was used also to prepare suspensions in oil of the following metal soaps: aluminium, magnesium, barium, lead, lithium. Some properties of the suspensions are described.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr44b-010

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1944

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The effect of the following factors on the recrystallization of sodium soaps in mineral oils is described: rate of cooling, acidity and alkalinity of the soap, concentration of the soap, unsaturation in the soap, polarity of the oil, effect of a number of additives such as glycerol, and external shearing forces.Non-polar mineral oil acts as an inert diluent and recrystallization is essentially that from a hot melt. The presence of polar compounds results in some solvent action on soap in the mesomorphic states, and the effect of shear on the form of the recrystallized soap in such systems is important.The preparation of a sodium soap lubricating grease is essentially a recrystallization of the soap, and the properties of the grease can be altered over a wide range by suitable adjustment of the factors during the recrystallization.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr44b-011

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1944

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

High shearing stresses obtained by use of the colloid mill are shown to bring about recrystallization of sodium soaps at temperatures above the plasticity point of the soap. Below this temperature a comminuting action only on the soap in suspension is obtained. The length of soap fibre produced in the recrystallization increases with increase in polarity of the oil and with decrease in viscosity of the oil. The fibre length increases particularly markedly with increase of degree of unsaturation of the soap. The addition of glycerol or fatty acid has little effect.The action of the shearing stress is discussed and it is concluded that long crystals are produced by a shearing of the double soap molecules on slip planes between melted hydrocarbon chains. The recrystallization is thus induced on molten portions of the soap.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr44b-012

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1944

数据来源: NRC