摘要:

Some conclusions regarding atmospheric eddies, derived from the records of a pressure-tube anemograph at St. Hubert Airport near Montreal, are applied to the problem of the vibrations of transmission lines, furnishing a meteorological approach to the problem recently discussed by C. D. Niven.It is found (1) that during glaze storms the wind at 60 ft. above ground is generally less gusty than the average; (2) that the mean duration of a gust varies inversely as the square root of the wind velocity, and is too large to resonate with the ordinarily observed period of "galloping"; and (3) that the steadiest winds invariably occur on nights of low wind velocity when a large negative lapse rate of temperature has been built up, leading to the small high-frequency vibrations due to eddies forming behind the cables.The meteorological conditions accompanying a recent destructive case of "galloping" form the subject of part of the paper.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-010

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The freezing-point curves of the two-component systems hydrogen cyanide-water, hydrogen cyanide-formic acid, hydrogen cyanide-formamide and hydrogen cyanide-benzaldehyde have been determined. These systems are all of the simple eutectic type and show no evidence of molecular compound formation. A chemical reaction prohibited the investigation of solid-liquid equilibria in the case of halogen hydride-hydrogen cyanide systems.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-011

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Typical samples of Turner Valley naphtha were examined for their sulphur content and for their behavior towards common refining treatments. The sulphur content ranged from 0.15 to 0.19% and consisted of sulphides, organic disulphides and mercaptans. Thiophenes were present, but in very small amounts. No free sulphur or peroxides were detected. Distillation concentrated the color and color producing compounds and the gum and gum producing compounds in a small high-boiling residual fraction. Exposure to light, even in the absence of air, led to the development of a yellow color and to gum formation in all undistilled samples, treated or untreated. Distillation up to 165 °C. yielded a fraction (95% by volume) which remained colorless and free from gum formation when exposed to the air and to light for over eight months.Recovery of the propane and butane is recommended, and the treatment of the crude naphthas with sodium hydroxide solution or with sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide solutions followed by distillation is suggested as a means of producing a fairly satisfactory gasoline. The caustic wash alone reduces the sulphur content to about 0.1%, while the alkaline-sodium sulphide wash reduces it to about 0.05%.Sulphuric acid, sodium hypochlorite, caustic wash, sodium plumbite and cupric chloride treatments were examined and the refined products compared for sulphur content, sweetness, corrosion, gum formation and color. None of these treatments prevented gum formation or the development of color when the treated samples were exposed to light.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-012

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Two isomeric bicyclic acetal ethers, namely, 3, 5, 7-trioxabicyclo [2, 2, 2] octane and 3, 6, 8-trioxabicyclo [3, 2, 1] octane, have been synthesized by the action of aqueous potassium hydroxide on 1, 3-bromoethylidene glycerol 2-benzoate and 1, 2-bromoethylidene glycerol 3-benzoate respectively. Both isomers are crystalline products possessing similar solubilities in organic solvents and high vapor pressures. They show no indication of interconvertibility on solution in solvents, or under the influence of heat. On hydrolysis they yield glycollic aldehyde and glycerol.A new method for the synthesis of cyclic acetals from simple open-chain acetals is described.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-013

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The condensation of benzaldehyde with methyl and ethyl α-aryl-β-benzoyl propionates in the presence of sodium methylate, followed by acidification, gave unsaturated ketonic acids. This result was unexpected in view of the previously described similar work in which lactols were formed; the only difference in the molecules is the absence of a substituent group in the benzoyl radical of the ester.The structure of the acids was carefully determined. On being heated they lost carbon dioxide, forming α, β-unsaturated ketones. One of the latter added hydrogen chloride to give two stereoisomeric saturated chloroketones, which were also synthesized by an independent method.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-014

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A base, now named bicuculline, previously isolated fromDicentra cucullariaand referred to as alkaloid α has been obtained fromCorydalis sempervirensandAdlumia fungosa. A chemical examination of this alkaloid has disclosed an exceptionally close relation to hydrastine, from which it differs only by the substitution of a methylenedioxy group for the two methoxyl groups. Accordingly, hydrolytic oxidation yields hydrastinine and 2-carboxy-3:4-methylenedioxy-benzaldehyde, which on reduction is converted into the known 3:4-methylenedioxy-phthalide.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-015

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Genetic studies were made in F2, F3and F4on the progeny of two common wheat crosses, Kota × Red Bobs and Kota × Garnet. Two chlamydospore collections from pure line hosts were used for inoculation in the bunt studies. The heritable nature of bunt reaction was clearly demonstrated in these crosses and evidence obtained that the degree of resistance found in Garnet must be conditioned by a single major factor. No genie hypothesis could be offered to explain the findings in regard to loose smut reaction due to a lack of agreement in infection percentages in the F3and F4. Red kernel color in Kota and Red Bobs was found to be governed by two factor pairs. The results on the inheritance of awn characters agreed with the earlier findings of Clark and other workers with crosses of similar awned types, several factor pairs being involved. Two main factors appeared to condition the difference in strength of straw between Kota and Garnet, but the entire expression of the character can best be explained on a multiple factor basis. Correlated inheritance studies, made with the use of the correlation ratio η, indicated the presence of two linkage groups concerned with reaction to the bunt forms used. However, the linkage apparent between strength of straw and bunt susceptibility factors and between awn type and bunt resistance factors is not considered to be close enough to interfere with breeding for desirable bunt resistant varieties.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-016

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The pigment pyocyanine, produced byPs.pyocyaneus, together with its leuco form has been shown by Friedheim and Michaelis to constitute a reversible oxidation-reduction system. Friedheim has shown that under certain circumstances the pigment may act as a respiratory enzyme. In this paper it is shown that two ordinary types of culture media, when sterile and freely exposed to the air, exhibit potentials more positive than that of pyocyanine. With the growth ofPs.pyocyaneusthe potential, in the depths of the fluids, falls to a more negative value than that of the leuco form of this pigment. The surface layer exposed to air remains more positive than the potential of pyocyanine. The surface layer of the cultures therefore becomes colored; the deeper layers remain colorless.These changes in potential in the culture fluid make ideal conditions for the functioning of pyocyanine as a respiratory catalyst—at the surface of the medium it is oxidized, in the depths reduced. The observation that a non pyocyanine-producing strain gives approximately the same growth-oxidation-reduction curves apparently indicates that the potential changes are not dependent on the pigment.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-017

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A crystalline oestrogenic hormone has been isolated from human placenta. This substance shows a melting point of 274 °C. (uncorrected). The carbon-hydrogen analysis gives: carbon, 74.8%; hydrogen, 8.8%. The mixed melting point with theelol shows no lowering. The substance differs physiologically from previously isolated female sex hormones. It is relatively inactive on the adult ovariectomized albino rat. The dose required is 16 γ as compared with 1.5 γ for theelol. It is, however, effective on the immature intact rat, 21 days old, in a dose of 1.2 γ. This is the same as theelol. On the immature castrate, the dose of the placental crystals is 10 γ, that for theelol is 3 γ. The presence of the ovary is believed to be the factor in the dosage ratio between adult spayed and normal intact animals. Transplantation of immature ovaries into immature or adult castrates, even though it does not render them cyclic, causes the weight of the placental crystals needed for an effect to fall to the immature intact dose.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-018

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC