摘要:

This paper deals with some of the factors which influence the penetration of sulphite liquor into wood during the cooking process. The experimental technique for this purpose is described. The particular factors investigated in this paper are the influence of the calcium sulphite precipitate and the composition of the liquor on penetration.Certain conclusions may be drawn from the experimental results presented. These are summarized as follows:(1) The rate of penetration of sulphite liquor through a block of spruce wood is constant for a fixed low temperature. At a constant high temperature the rate of penetration increases continuously during the duration of a run, due to the opening up of the wood. This "cooking" action becomes evident at about 90 °C. for heartwood, and below 70 °C. for sapwood.(2) The rate of penetration of sulphite liquor is greater for a higher concentration of free sulphur dioxide. This increase in rate with sulphur dioxide concentration becomes more noticeable at higher temperatures, indicating that at least a part of the effect is due to cooking action.(3) The formation of a precipitate of calcium sulphite on the wood at high temperatures decreases the rate of forced penetration. This effect is more noticeable with porous wood, where the pressure differential is small. The plugging action is largely a surface effect, due to the formation of a layer of precipitate over the ends of the tracheids of the wood.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-040

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The detergent efficiencies of four common laundry soap builders have been measured and compared on a laboratory scale. Their order of decreasing efficiency when both concentration and actual washing efficiency are considered is caustic soda, soda ash, sodium metasilicate and trisodium phosphate. When actual washing efficiency alone is considered the order is sodium metasilicate, caustic soda, trisodium phosphate, and soda ash. In all experiments the soap concentration was 0.1%.pH values of the built soaps are given over a wide range of concentration. All soap builders do not exert their optimum detergent effect at the same pH value.Two of the alkalies, namely caustic soda and sodium metasilicate, increased the. lathering power of the soap notably.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-041

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The hydrometer method of testing honeys has been shown to give results as satisfactory as those obtained by other methods provided that; (1) a large sensitive hydrometer is used, (2) the percentage of moisture is calculated from a proper honey table and not from the usual sugar tables, and (3) a shallow layer of water is added to the surface of the honey after the hydrometer has been introduced. A suitable, specially constructed hydrometer is described, and a table of true honey densities has been drawn up. For accurate work the observed densities should be corrected for the slight error which would otherwise arise from the smaller buoyancy thrust of the water layer as compared with a honey layer of the same thickness.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-042

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A suitable, inexpensive apparatus and procedure for the preparation of β-chloropropiophenone from ethylene and benzoyl chloride in the presence of aluminium chloride are outlined. Several homologues are also described.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-043

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The ionization constants ofp-nitrophenylacetic and phenylmalonic acids have been determined from conductivity data. The value ofKforp-nitrophenylacetic acid at 25 °C. is 1.04 × 10−4, about twice that of phenylacetic acid. The nitro group in the nucleus has not as powerful an effect on the ionization when the COOH group is in the side chain as it has when both nitro group and COOH are in the nucleus.Kforp-nitrobenzoic acid is six times as great asKfor benzoic acid.Kfor phenylmalonic acid is 2. 77 × 10−3as compared with 1.6 × 10−3for malonic acid.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-044

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The study of the action of ammonia and amines on acyl urethanes has been extended to urethanes of monobasic acids in order to determine whether the rule tentatively formulated with respect to the diurethanes (2, p. 361) holds for the monourethanes. The results reported here provide considerable evidence that the rule is broadly true, the tendency for formation of acid amides or ureas varying with the strengths of the acids and bases involved.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-045

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The ionization constants of seven isoureas have been measured. The values for simple alkyl isoureas increase definitely from methyl ton-propyl, then-butyl-isourea showing no further increase. Isobutyl-isourea has a decidedly greater constant than then-butyl compound. Introduction of the phenyl group into ethyl-isourea lowers the value of the constant as would be expected. The presence of a double bond in the radical also produces a similar effect as shown by a comparison of the values forn-propyl- and allyl-isoureas. Cyclohexyl-isourea has a constant slightly higher than those ofn-propyl andn-butyl-isoureas. Some comparison with a series of primary amines is made.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-046

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A qualitative study of the diffusion of certain gases through quartz has been made for ordinary temperatures and pressures.A nearly linear relation was found to exist between diffusion and pressure for constant temperature and a form of the equation satisfying the experimental results suggested. Temperature-diffusion curves were obtained and a comparison made to previous work. Permeability to helium of single quartz crystalline plates is independent of the direction in which the plate has been cut, but is only about one-half the value of that of fused quartz bulbs or plates.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-047

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A review is made of all previous records of Trematoda, Cestoda and Nematoda found in Canadian horses, cattle, sheep, swine, deer and buffalo, dogs and cats, foxes, miscellaneous fur-bearers, poultry and game birds.These records are taken from papers published in various forms which claim identification of the parasites found, and are here published as check lists following an introduction and a semihistorical review of Canadian helminthology.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-048

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The author adds to Part I further records of Trematoda, Cestoda and Nematoda of Canadian horses, cattle, swine, sheep, poultry, game birds and miscellaneous hosts. These appear as check lists, the specimens having been identified by the author and deposited in helminthological collections. Parts I and II summarize the extent of knowledge concerning the distribution and prevalence of these parasites in Canada, and a bibliography covering these papers is herewith included.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-049

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC