摘要:

An oat cross, Black Mesdag × Victory, was studied genetically for covered smut reaction, lemma color, awn development and rachilla pubescence. Only theF3was studied for reaction to the covered smut fungus,Ustilago levis(K. and S.) Magn. Prior to sowing, the caryopses were dehulled and inoculated with smut spores. Hybrid susceptibility (up to 95%) corresponded with that of Victory, the non-resistant parent. Segregation amongF3families occurred in the ratio 4 immune: 9 moderately resistant: 3 susceptible. It is concluded that smut resistance is conditioned by two genetic factors: a dominant factor, which when homozygous gives high resistance or immunity, and a less potent supplementary factor.Both theF2andF3were studied for the grain characters mentioned. Each of these characters was found to be controlled by two genetic factors.F2segregation ratios were as follows:—lemma color, 12 black: 3 gray: 1 white; awn development, 12 strong: 3 intermediate: 1 weak; rachilla pubescence, 12 long: 3 short: 1 glabrous. TheF3gave good substantiation of theF2ratios except in the case of awn development where fairly wide deviations from the expected occurred, due, it is believed, to environmental influences.No correlations between smut reaction and grain characters were found. Association between rachilla and callus pubescence was observed; but this is not believed to be due, necessarily, to a genetic linkage.Homozygous strains combining smut immunity with agronomically desirable grain characters were obtained.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-105

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Wheat plants were grown in water cultures varied only with respect to nitrogen. The nitrogen as nitrate was supplied to half the plants continuously to maturity, and to the others only until the time of heading. Though uptake and reduction of nitrate continued in the former for some time after heading, organic nitrogen produced in vegetative parts of the plant after heading was not synthesized to protein but accumulated in the form of non-protein compounds. Regardless of the extent of the nitrogen reserves in vegetative parts, translocation to the kernels during filling took place in about the same proportion. In plants with limited nitrogen supply, translocation to kernels consisted largely of decomposed proteins, and the kernels contained less gluten nitrogen than those of the plants with unlimited nitrogen supply which drew upon both protein and non-protein reserves. The nitrogen fractions of the gluten proteins were unaffected by the nitrogen nutrition of the plants. The total amount of non-gluten nitrogen was apparently also unaffected by the nutrition. Amide nitrogen was the most labile of the nitrogen fractions used.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-106

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Application of statistical methods to the results of an investigation previously published has shown that viability, in the case of common wheat, may be estimated fairly closely from a determination of total and thermostable catalase; a determination which may be completed within the course of a few hours as compared with the regular germination test requiring 12 days. Much work is yet required, however, to put this method on a practical routine basis.It is believed that some further light is thrown upon the biochemistry of ripening in the wheat kernel.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-107

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

In the presence of alkali, cyclohexanone and its homologues add to chalcones to form either semicyclic diketones or dicyclic keto-alcohols; the latter contain a carbonyl bridge, and the former can be converted into closed ring structures and dehydrated to form substances having a carbonyl bridge. In these dicyclic ketones the bridge is not removed by heating, in contrast to the behavior of certain other compounds having a similar ring system.A second mode of ring closure gives rise to pyryllium salts; the isolation of a methyl ether has made it possible to devise a plausible mechanism for this hitherto obscure reaction. Four varieties of salts are described, the perchlorates being obtained by a different procedure than that previously employed.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-108

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Results have been obtained which indicate that the conversion of the lower paraffins to olefines by thermal treatment can be satisfactorily carried out in special alloy steel tubes at 800–820 °C. By using baffled tubes it has been found possible to obtain high rates of conversion at temperatures considerably lower than when using open tubes. Actually the temperature has been brought within the range of usefulness of special alloy steels. Heat-resistant alloys of the 18–8 type have been found unsuitable for this purpose, because nickel appears to catalyze the formation of elementary carbon, but nickel-free alloys containing over 20% of chromium have been found satisfactory.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-109

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The polymerization of gaseous olefine mixtures, such as are obtained by the pyrolysis of the lower paraffins, has been studied by passing the gases through heated quartz tubes under conditions of streamline and of turbulent gas flow. It is shown that the observed rate of polymerization of the gaseous olefines to liquid hydrocarbons is appreciably higher, at a given wall temperature, under conditions of turbulent flow. By subjecting propane to two thermal treatments at a maximum temperature of 950 °C., 29% by weight of the gas is converted to liquids of which 70% boil in the gasoline range, and over 30% by weight of the propane is recoverable in the gaseous by-products as olefines, the total conversion into useful products being consequently about 60%. Substantially the same results have been obtained in single-stage recycling experiments.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-110

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The gaseous decompositions of para-n-butyraldehyde and para-isobutyraldehyde ton-butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde respectively are homogeneous and first order over the pressure and temperature range investigated (1.3 to 55 cm. of mercury; 215 to 261 °C). Under these conditions the reactions go to completion at a measurable rate without complications. Within experimental error the activation energies of these reactions are equal and are approximately the same as that of the paracetaldehyde decomposition. This value is between 42,000 and 44,000 calories per mole. The rates of decomposition of the two parabutyraldehydes are very nearly the same at any temperature. At 500° abs. the velocity constant of the iso-compound is about 15% greater than that of the normal and about 100% greater than that of paracetaldehyde. The velocity constants at any temperature are given by the equations: para-n-butyraldehyde,; para-isobutyraldehyde,. The data are consistent with the idea that, for a series of reactions with the same energy of activation, an increase in the number of contributory internal degrees of freedom of a molecule will increase the probability of reaction.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-111

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The density of propylene in the liquid and vapor phases was measured over the range 66° to 92 °C. by a refined dilatometer method and at the higher temperatures at the same time by a float method. Good agreement was found between the two methods, the latter being preferable in the neighborhood of the critical temperature. It was found that at temperatures below the critical, no variation in vapor density accompanied a change in the relative volume of the liquid. The data were obtained principally for an investigation to be published simultaneously on discontinuities above the critical temperature.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-112

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A technique for measuring densities in various parts of a one- or two-component system, raised above its critical temperature, is described. Considerable improvements over a method for this purpose recently described by one of the writers consist in greater flexibility of manipulation and in making possible a variation in the volume of space confining the medium during the experiment. Propylene and methyl-ether were the two media examined. From the results the following generalizations regarding aberrations from the continuity of state were found to hold for both.When either liquid was heated above the temperature at which the visible meniscus disappeared, the density below this point of disappearance was found to be greater than that above. The density was uniform throughout each portion, undergoing a relatively sharp change in the small region where the meniscus was last seen. After one hour of temperature equilibrium, the difference in density between top and bottom became constant and remained unaltered for six hours. Constant stirring or temperature fluctuations of the order of 0.02 °C. do not alter this density difference. A decrease in the volume available for the medium increases the density difference between the top and bottom, a continuous relation existing between available space and density difference. With decrease in available space, the densities of both upper and lower portions of the medium increase, the density of the lower more rapidly than that of the upper. These results were reproducible quantitatively in the experiments carried out to date. The density difference for a fixed available space decreases with rise in temperature and is measurable up to at least 10 °C. above the critical temperature. A number of miscellaneous experiments are described which form the basis of work now being carried out. The theoretical significance of aberrations from the continuity of state is discussed to the extent warranted by the present stage of the experimental investigations, and tentative conclusions are drawn.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-113

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The present paper represents a continuation of the work on superconducting phenomena for high-frequency currents and the interaction of high-frequency and direct currents. It is found for thin films of tin that there is no appreciable change in the transition point for frequencies from zero up to 3 × 107cycles per sec. There is no effect on the high-frequency point due to direct currents or on the direct current point due to high-frequency currents, when the value of these currents is below about 20 milliamps. There is a very appreciable effect on the direct current point when high-frequency currents up to 200 milliamps. are superimposed on the direct current. This effect varies with the strength of the high-frequency current, and not, as thought before, with the ratio of the high-frequency to the direct current.

ISSN:1923-4287    

DOI:10.1139/cjr33-114

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1933

数据来源: NRC