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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 7, No. 98 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 7,
Issue 98,
1891,
Page 87-102
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摘要:
Issued 16/611891. P -R 0 C E E D I N G-S OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 98. Session 1891-92. May 21s4 1891. Professor A. Crum Brown, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. J. A. Foster, William MacDonald anci F. H. Moore were ormally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Frederick R. Holloman, Sugar Refinery, Rawcliffe Bridge, Selby ; Arthur Michael, Torwood, Bonchurch, Isle of Wight ; F. M. Perkin, Heriot Watt College, Edinburgh ; Edmund Charles Rossiter, 39, Brook Green Road, Hammersmith ; John Shields, The Byers, Bath- gate, N.B. The President announced that Dr. William Wegg had presented to the Society, through Mr. Warington, a daguerreotype containing the portraits of Messrs. Brande, Cooper and Phillips.The following papers were read :-20. " Bromo-derivatives of betanaphthol." By Henry E. Arm-strong and E. C. Rossiter. The authors have completed the study of the compounds formed on brominating betana,phthol, to which they have referred in two previous notices (these Proceedings, 1889,71 ; 1890, 32). They give the following directions for the preparation of tri- and tetra-bromo- betanaphthol. Tribronao-a-naphtiiol is prepared by adding somewhat, more than three molecular proportions of bromine to betanaph tho1 dissolved in thrice its weight of acetic acid; the solution becomes hot, but must not be cooled. When all the bromine is added, the mixture is a1 lowed to stand during one hour, and is then heated on the water-bath, at 88 Arst gently, afterwards at loo", as long as hydrogen bromide is evolved.The white, solid product is recrystallised once or t,wice from acetic acid, and then treated with twice the theoretical quantity of acetic chloride. The acetate is purified by crysttallisation from acetic acid and benzene. When treated with alcoholic potash, it' is easily converted into tribromonaphthol. Tc.l?.abramo-~-n~~ht?~o2is prepared hy adding somewhat more than four molecular proportions of bromine to betanaphthol mixed with an equal weight of acetic acid. The solution beconies very liot on adding the bromine, but must riot be cooled. When all the bromine is added, the mixture is heated on the water-bath until it becomes quite solid.The product is purified by crystallising once or twice from acetic acid. It is then converted into the acetate, and this is crystalliscd from a mixture of benzene and acetic acid. Bromo-derivative. Description. Acetate. Convertible by IINO, into Monobromo-B-Slender needles z,-nitro-~-naphthol. M. p. naphthol, very solltble in 103>. acetic acid. M. p. 84". Dibromo-/3-napht,hol, Long, shining Elongnt cd, C,oH,BrOz. 31. p. 1445'. Br needles moder-lustrous LC,pH,Br,Oz. M. p. 171'. ately soluble in plates. rcl-nitrobrom-P-n.xphthol. acetic acid. M. p. 125". M. p. 122.' Cry stallised with 1 mol. prop. of acetic acid, m. p. 84O. M. p. 106". Tribromo-8-naphtho Lustrous needler Soft, inter-C,,H,Br,O,. M.p. 150" Br less solublc lacing nee- xl-nitrodibrom-/3-naphthol. than the di.dles. M. p. 163". /\/\OH bromo -corn-M. p. 184". pound.BrI""Br I I (?) M. p. 155". ~ Tetrabronio-B-Veyy slender Short, colour Cl,H,Br,Oz. M. p. 190'. naphthol, silky needle! less, pis. al-nitrotribrom-/3-na~llthol Br sparingly soh matic nee darkens at 135";melts at ble dles./\/\OH acid. in acetic M. p. 136" with decomposition. M. p. 172". 189-190'. Br 89 The properties of the bromobetanaphthols are summarised in the table on p. 88. The preparation of the bromobetanaphthaquinones and of the a-nitrobromonaphthols, included in the fourth column of this table, is described in the next note. The entire product of the action of bromine in excess on beta-naphthol has been carefully examined without any substance having been discovered which affords 1: 2 : 3-bromophthalic acid on oxida-tion ; the explanation of the discrepancy between the authors' observations and the eai-lier experiments of Smith and Meldola, therefore, yet remain to be discovered.21. " The action of nitric acid on naphthol derivatives as indica- tive of the manner in which nitration is effected in the case of benzenoid compounds generally. The formation of nitro-keto-com-By Henry E. Armstrong and E. C. Rossiter. When warmed with nitric acid, the chloro- and bromo-derivatives of betanaphthol are converted into derivatives of betanaphtha-quinone, but, as the authors have pointed out in their previous notice, the formation of these products is preceded by that of an un- stable intermediate compound.When these intermediate compounds are carefully heated, they are converted into hromo-derivatives of betnnaphthaquinone, and in preparing these latter it is desirable to separate the intermediate compound from the excess of nitric acid, and to decompose it by carefully heating it with acetic acid, except in the case of tetrabromobetanaphthol ; tribromobetanaphthaquinone is so readily formed from this compound, and is so difficultly soluble and well characterised, that small quantities of tetrabromobcta-naphthol may be detected in presence of the di- and tri-bromo- derivatives by simply heating the mixture with acetic acid and nitric acid. Thus, if nitric acid be added to dibromobetanaphthol, suspended in acetic acid, a clear solution is obtained, which, after a short time, deposits a crystalline substance ; if quickly separated by filtration, this product is almost colourless, but it decomposes when kept, becoming yellow.It was conceivable, judging from the manner in which it was produced, that the compound was a nitrate, formed by the simple displacement of the hydroxylic hydrogen by NO2,and the results of analysis were in accord with this view; but such a, nitrate should be reconvertible into the parent substance by treat- ment with alkali, whereas actually it affords, as chief product, brorno-rvitrormphthoZ. Bromobetanaphthol, in like manner, eventually yields a,-nitrobetanaphthol, and the t8ri-and tetra-bromo-derivatives afford di-and tri-bromonitrobetanaphthol ; the bromine atom displaced by NO2 by this method of treatment, there can be little doubt, is in-variably that in the a,-posit,ion.90 The authors are of opinion that the intermediate compounds in question are nitro-bromo-ket80-derivatives corresponding to the di- chloro-keto-compounds of Zincke, and that their formation affords evidence that the elements of nitric acid first become added to the bromonaphthol, thus :-Br The theory that the formation of such addition compounds precedes that of nitro-compounds generally appears to afford a satisfactory explanation of a large number of well-known facts which hitherto have remained nnexplained. The non-production of nitro-compounds from paraffins and their derivatives, except in a certain very limited number of spccial cases, appears as the natural consequence of tho inability of paraffins to form addition compounds.The theory affoids R simple explanation of the formation of nitro-derivatives of p7reizols on nitrating hydrocarbons, to which Eiilting has drawn special attention in the case of toluene and orthoxylene (13e&hte, 1815, 2670 ; lSSS,3158), for if the addition compound lose HNO, instead of H-OH a phenol would result ; tlius-H*OH OH A /\H*NOB /\I 1 + H0.N02 = j/ 1 = I I + HN02. \/ \/ \/ An agent that would favour the separation of the elements of water from the addition compound would increase the production of the nitro-compound and diminish that of the phenol ; and, as a matter of fact, it is known that when a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids is used there is less of the phenol deyivative produced than when nitric acid alone is employed.A compound such as the addition compound of benzene with nitric acid above represented would obvionsly be unstable and prone to undergo oxidation ; hence it is not difficult to nnderstand that so large an amount of nitrous fume sliould be produced even on nitrating benzene. The reduction in the amount of such fume, and the improvement of the yield of nitroderivative effected by adding sulphuric acid, is doubtless attributable to the action already referred to of the acid in promoting the separation of the elements of water ; sulphuric acid must be supposed, in fact, in such cases to act not merely as a dehydrating agent in maintaining the nitric acid concen- trated, but to exert a specific influence on the course of change.Lastly, the resinous matters often formed in large amount onnitrating many phenols are, doubtless, products of the interaction of several molecules of the addition compounds, or of the keto-compounds formed from them in the first instance. The non-production of resinous matters when sulpho-acids are treated with nitric acid so as to form the corresponding nitro-com- pounds by displacement of the SO,H group by NO,, a modification whic.11 often makes it possible to prepare ni tro-compounds not obtain- able by the direct action of nitric acid, is also elucidated by the autliors' theory ; the addition compound formed in such a case, mould very readily break up into sulphuric acid and the nitro-derivative, thus :-:C(OH).C(SO,H): + HO*NO, = *C(OH),.C(lvc>,)(SO,H)* = :C(OH)*C(NO,): + HOS0,H.DISCESSION. MY. GROVESsaid that he had been much struck, when preparing dinitrobenzene from benzene which had been most carefully purified, on observing that a very appreciable quantity of trinitrophenol mas produced ; the theory of nitration put forward by the authors would fully account for this. 22. " A new method of preparing nitro-derivatives and the use of nitrogen dioxide as a nitrating agent." By Henry E. Armstroog and E. C. Rossiter. Reference has been made in the foregoing note to the production from the compoucds formed by the addition of the elements of nitric acid to the bromo-derivative of bet anaphthol of nitro-derivatives of the naphthol on treatment with alkali, a bromine atom becoming dis- placed by NO,. As in this interaction a bromine atom is removed and an atom of hydrogen is added to t'he CO group, such a method of treatment obviously is scarcely that best calculated to effect the formation of the nitro-derivative, and, as a matter of fact, the nitro- derivative is not the only product.On treating the addition com-pound, however, with sulphurous acid, a practically theoretical yield of the nit>ro-naphthol is obtained ; this method appears to be of general application. The authors have been naturally led to study the action of nitrogen dioxide, NOz, on unsaturated compounds of various kinds, in the expectation of obtaining addition compounds which by loss of HNOz would pass over into nitro-derivatives of the substances treated.They find that such addition compounds are actually obtainable, and that on treatment with alkali and reducing agents, they yield nit,ro- derivatires. Thus betanaphthol affords as much as 75 per cent. of its weight of nitro-betanaphthol ; alphanaphthol behaves similarly, In some cases, the addition compound is so nnstable that it spou-taneously decomposes: thus phenol at once jields a mixture of ortho- a,nd para-nitrophenol. The autliors propose to study the behaviour ot unsaturated compounds generally towards nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide from the point of view indicated in this and the previous note.23. "Nitrification. Part IV." By R. Warington. The first section of the paper describes early experiments, made ia 1878-84, sliowing the existence of an agent producing only nitrites, and the means of separating it from soil. It was at first thought that the age of the culture was the factor which determined the loss of the power of producing nitrates, but this idea was negatived by subsequent experiments. Successive cultivation in ammoniacal solu- tions, made permanently alkaline with disodium carbonate, was found to be a certain method of obtaining a purely nitrous agent. Pasture soil yielded the nitrous agent, more readily than arable soil.The isolation and properties of the nitrous organism are next described. The gelatinous matter which appears under certain con- ditions at the bottom of old cultures was in 1883 examined micro- scopically, and found to consist of circular corpuscles imbedded in a zooglma. In 1886, this jelly was spread on gelatin, but it yielded no. nitrifying organism. In 1889, a systematic attempt at the isolation of the organism commenced. Successive cultivations were made in an ammonium carbonate solution, supplied with phosphates, &c., but containining no organic matter. A series of transparent cultures was obtained, containing only nitrites. These cultures were spread on gelatin and agar-agar, the composition of the jelly being made to-correspond, as far as possible, with that of a nitrifiable solution.The later cultures yielded on gelatin one organism only, a short bacillus. This and all the other organisms obtained by cultivation on gelatin from nitrified solutions were seeded into both liquid and solid media susceptible of nitrification, but without result. Micro-scopical examination of the nitrified solutions showed that cocci were abundantly present, but these never appeared on the gelatin cultures. The first attempts to separate the nitrous organism by the dilution method failed. By substituting an ammonium chloride solution with calcium carbonate for the ammonium carbonate, success was attained in October, 1890, three nitrified cultures seeded with dilutions of 1/10,000, 1/100,000and 1/1,000,000 giving no growth on gelatin.The nitrous organism thus obt,ained oxidises ammonia to nitrous acid and has no effect on nitrites. It produces nitrous acid in soh- tions of asparagine, milk, urine, and urea. Grown in broth contain- ing calcium nitrate, it does not reduce the nitrate to nitrite. It pro- duces no turbidityor visible change when grown in broth or in any of the other solutions named. The nitrous organism requires no organic matter for its nutrition ; it is apparently capable of assimilating carbon from acid carbonates. The presence of either caIcium or sodium acid carbonate distinctly favours nitrification ; neutral sodium carbonate greatly hinders nitrifi- cation. The proof that carbon is assimilated from carbonates has been furnished by Winogradsky. The energy that is required for the decomposition of a carbonate is apparently furnished by the oxidation of ammonia on nitrogenous organic matter.Calcium acetate (0.25 gram per litre) favours nitrification when only the nitrous organism is present. The nitrous organism occurs as nearly circdar corpuscles, varying from minute points up to nearly 1.0 in diameter; these circular organisms stain deeply. It also occurs as oval cocci, the length fre- quently exceeding 1.0 ,u, the ends occasionally more or less trim- cated. The remainder of the paper deals with the nitric organism. Results obtained in 1880-81 revealed the existence of an organism which energetically converted nitrites into nitrates, but was apparently unable to oxidise ammonia. In 1886 and 1890, attempts were made to separate the active organism from the 1881 cultiires by growths on gelatin and potato; none of the organisms thus separated had any power of oxidising either ammonia or nitrites.Recent results show that the nitric organism develops freely in inorganic solutions con- taining potassium nitrite, phosphates, &c., especially if supercarbonates are present. Monosodium carbonate, 1-4grams per litre, exerted a very favourable influence, 6 grams a retarding influence. Disodium carbonate greatly hinders its action. The nitric organism produces neither nitrites nor nitrates in am- moniacal solutions, even when carbonic acid, or monosodium carbon- ate, or calcium acetate is supplied.In the absence of ammonia it energetically converts nitrites into nitrates ; the presence of ammonia is apparently a great hindrance to its action. An attempt to isolate the nitric organism by the dilution method failed, but apparently only one other organism (a stout bacillus grow- ing on gelatin) was present in some of the cultures obtained. The stained preparations from these cultures contained an abundance of the minute circular organisms observed in pure cultures of the nitrous organism ; the Form of the two organisms is thus apparently similar. The nitrification performed by soil thus appears to be the work of two organisms, one of which oxidises ammonia to nitrite, while the other oxidises nitrite to nitrate.The first organism is easily separated from the second by successive cultivations in solution of ammonium <carbonate. The second is (probably) separated as easily from the first by successire cultivations in solution of potassium nitrite con- taining monosodium carbonate. The paper was illustrated by micro-photographs, showing the nitrous organism as developed in rtmmoniacal solutions, milk and broth ; and the nitric organism grown in a solution of nitrite. The photographs were executed by A. Pringle, Esq., and Dr. Bousfield. DIs cu ss ION, Professor THOMSON,referring to the method of cultivation on gelatinised silica described by llr. Warington, said that the account given of the method reminded him of an observation made so far back as 1875: a solution of silica which he had prepared by dialysis had solidified, and he noticed, after a time, that a growth of what he thought was an ordinary mould had appeared on the surface ; there could ha-re been nothing present besides t,he silica, except t'races of mineral salts.Dr. MUNROsaid t)hat he was glad to see that his contention that organic inatter was actually preiudicial to the growth of the nitrifying organism was now provel. Referring to the conclusion that two organisms were concerned, me of which converted the ammonia into nitrite, the other extending the oxidation to nitrate, he asked how those cases in which only nitrates were found were to be explained ; it very rarely happened, for instance, that in well-waters the am-monia was converted into nitrate with intervention of nitrite.Perhaps two organisms were present', which did their work simul-taneously. Mr. WAEIXGTO?;,in repl7, said that the two organisms would have no difficulty in acting together in very Teak solutions of ammonia. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Transactions of the Sanitary Institute. Vol. XI. Congress at Brighton, 1890. London 1891. From the Council. University of Nebraska. Fourth Annual Report of the Agricul- tural Experiment Station of Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A. 1891. From the Director of the Station. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections :- 95 708. The Toner Lectures. Lecture X. A Clinical Study of the Skull, by H. Allen.741. liidex to the Literature of Thermodynamics, by A. Tucker-man. 764. The Correction of Sextants for Errors of Eccentricity and Graduat'ion, by J. A. Rogers. Washington 1890. From the Institution. 11. By Purchase. Anleitung zur chemischen Annlyse organischer Stoffe, von G. Vortmann. I1Halfte. Leipzig u2d Wien, 1891. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. General Index bo Vols. 1-34 (1783-1688). Edinburgh 1890. The Metallurgy of Steel, by H. M. Howe. New York, 1891. CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.B.-The names of those who sign from " General Knowledge " are printed in itnZics. Belbin, Tom St. John, 12, Bolton Mansions, South Kensington. Consulting Brewer, Analyst, &c. Four years student at Firth College under Professor Williams.Two years Chemist, &c., at the Rutland Brewery, and one and a half at the Plant Brewery, Don- caster ; six years Consulting Brewer and Analyst. Henry P. Harris. Thomas Jenner. Wm. Gregory. Bedo Hobbs. Henry L.Dampiel.. Basil Perndarne Wigan. Brown, Edward, 32, Courlandsky 8treet, St. Petersburg. Chemist to the Russian Steam Oil Mill Company here ; a thorough course of Chemistry at the Bradford Technical College and School of Mines, S. Kensington; two years Manager of a chemical works at Cleckheaton, Yorks ; and two years Analytical Chemist here in St. Petemburg. Charles Wood. G. W. Slatter. C. Rawson. TJLov Whitaker. Sidney Wood. Congdon, Ernest A.,Ph.B., Lehigh University, S.Bethlehem, Penn., U.S. Chemist. Instructor of Chemistry at Lehigh University three years ; now Professor of Chemistry at the Drexel Institute, Phil-adelphia, Penn. Edw. Gudeman. Charles F. Chandler. Elwyn Waller. Jas. S. C. Wells. Hermann T. VultB. Dreaper, W. Porter, 1,Ceal Villas, Ceal Road, Enfield. Experimental Chemist. Three years student at City and Guilds of London Technical College, Finsbury. Hon. Demonstrator during 97 last year, and holding certificate of college, and 1st prize, 1st and 2nd years. For the last three years in charge of Messrs. Grant & Co.’s Ponder’s End Works Laboratory. Associate of Institute of Chemistry (by exam.). Otto Hehner. R. Meldola. Gerald T. Moody. Henry E. Armstrong. Holland Crompton.Duncan, William, 1.0, Plough and Harrow Hoad, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Brewer’s Chemist. In October, 1885, obtained Ackroyd Scholar- ship, value $25, for two years, at the Yorkshire College, Leeds. Course of Study :--Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics ; working in the Chemical and Physical Laboratories under Professor Smithells. In 1887 obtained Senior Brown Scholarship, value $35, for two years. Continued with similar course of study. In June, 1889, passed examination of the Institute of Chemistry, held at Owens College. Since October, 1889, up to the present time, have held a situation in connection with a brewery. Specialising in this branch of Chemistry. Arthur Smithells. Charles H. Bothamley. Herbert Ingle. Walter M. Gardner.A. Battye Knaggs. Gregory, Alfred John, The Bays, Knight’s Hill, West Norwood, S.E. Bachelor of Medicine, B.S., M.R.C.S., &c. Reason for wishing to become a Fellow is my keen interest in Chemistry in its relations to Physiology and Medicine. C. Meymott Tidy. Frederic Jas. M. Page. George Robertson. L. Gowdon Paul. A. H. McConnell. Holloman, Frederick R., Sugar Refinery, Rawcliffe Bridge, Selby. Chemist and Works Manager to Mr. James Duncan, Rawcliffe Bridge, Selby. Student Assistant under Mr. J. A. R. Newlands, F.I.C., F.C.S., 1879-83 ; Assistant Chemist at Starch Sugar Works, Newcastle-under-Lyme, 1883-84 ; Assistant Chemist at the Stanhope Water Company, London, 1884--85 ; Assistant Chemist at the Clyde Wharf Sugar Refinery, 1885-86 ; Chief Chemist to Messrs. L.Cowan & Sons, Soap Works and Sugar Refinery, 1886-90. James Duncan. John A. R. Newlands. Arthur R. Ling. B. E. R. Newlands. Watson Smith. D. A. Louis. Thos. Tyrer. 98 Knowles, John, Nortliwich, Cheshire. Manufacturing Chemist. Eleven years’ analytical work, six years Manager Chemical Works, lecturing in Chemistry under Science and Art and City and Guilds in Chemical Technology. Fredc. H. Bowman. J. Carter Bell. Rowland Williams. H. G~imshaw. Wilfred Ir)win. T;tTillictnz Thonzson. Leeds, Frank H., 29, Bouverie Road, Stoke Newington, N. Analyt,icsl and Consulting Chemist. Associate of t.he Institute of Chemistry. Three years assistant in laboratory of Tar Works of Gas Light and Coke Co., Beckton.One year Chemist to 3.Kicid & Co., Printing Ink Manufacturers. R. J. Friswell. A. G. Green. T. A. Lawson. W. S. Simpson. T. Cooksey. Macfie, Robert Andrew Scott, Rowton Hall, Chester. Student of Chemistry in the University of Edinburgh. Holding the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Cantab.), with honours in Science, having studied Chemistry in Cambridge for three years, at Gottingen, and in Edinburgh ; specially interested in the technical chemistry of sugar. Alex. Crurn Brown. James Walker. 31.M. Pattison Muir. S. Ruheniann. J. Augustns Voelcker. Lyon Playf air. Michael, Arthur, Torwood, Ronchurch, Isle of Wight. Member of the American National Academy. Author of numerous communications published in the American ChemicaZ Journal, the Berichte, and the Jownal f;ir praktische Chemie.Henry E. Armstrong. F. R. Japp. R. Meldola. John M. Thomson. J. H. Gladstone. W.H. Perkin. Mitchell, Thomas, C/o E. Mitchell, Crossmount, Bridgend, Perth, N.B. Mining Engineer and Assaye;.. Studied Metallurgy and Mineralogy, and did practical Laboratory work under Professor Humboldt Sexton, Glasgow. Chemistry and practical Laboratory work, Technical College, Dundee, under Dr. Andrew Thomson and the late Professor Carnelley. Natural Philosophy under Professor Tait, Edinburgh, Held the position of Superintendent in connection with Silver 99 Mining in America, and have prospected in different parts of the United States. A. Humboldt Sexton.Thos. A. Cheetham. Andrew Thornson. Thomas S. Bfnrrrty. David Ferrier. Mousley, Harry Joseph Marst on, Kingsbury, Portland Road, Edgbaston. Brewer’s Chemist and Lecturer to Students in Brewing. Expe-rience :-Three years in Laboratory (Chemical) under Professor Woodward, B.Sc. Three years in Laboratory (Metallui-gical) under Professor Hiorns. Five years (from age of 15to 20) at Messrs. Chance Bros.’ Alkali Works, as Laboratory Assistant. 13 months at Messrs. Peyton and Son, Chemical Works, as Head Chemist. Six months wit.h Mr. Faulkner, Consulting Brewer (three months at Showell’s Brewery, three months at Mitchell’s Brewery). Examinations in the Science and Art :-Second Class : Practical and Theoretical Organic Chemistry. First Class : Magnetism and Electricity, Electro- metallurgy, Geology, Mineralogy. First Class (Honours) : Practical Chemistry, Inorganic, and Metallurgy. Practical and Second Class Theoretical, &c., &c.A. 13. Griffiths, Harold Follows. Alexander Hay. A;exander M. Chance. C. Schorlemmer. Thomas A. Pooley. W. Lawrence Cadd. E.Cleminshaw. Notter, James Lane, Leigh Grauge, Woolstone, Southampton. Professor of Military Hygiene at the Army Medical School, Netley. M.A., M.D., University of Dublin. Professor of Hygiene and -Lec- turer on Chemistry, Netley. Various Reports and Analyses for War Office. See Army Med. Depart. Repoh, 1887-88; also various Analyses. See Sanitary Record, 1880-81, &c., &c. J. Emerson Reynolds. Thos. Stevenson, W.H. Corfield. T. W. Shore. W. B. Randall. Perkin, F. M., Heriot Watt College, Edinburgh. Student of Chemistry. Two years student School of Mines, South Kensington ; one year research student Heriot Watt College ; Author of paper on “ Some Derivatives of Piperonyl ” (Trans. Chem. Xoc.). Henry E. Armstrong. F. Stanley Kipping. T.E. Thorpe. Chapman Jones. A. E. Tntton. TV. P. Wynne. John M. Thornson. 100 Rhodes, Edward, Holly Bank, Frodsham, Cheshire. Analytical Chemist at Phosphate Works. No published contribu- tions to Chemical Science, but read a paper on " Phosphates " before the Owens Coll. Chemical Society, in 1882. Educat,ecl in Science, Chemistry, Physics, &c., at the Manchester Grammar School, 1871 to 1875.1875 and 1876 devoted whole time to study of Chemistry, inorganic acd orga'nic, at Owens College. 1876 to 1880 Assistant Chemist at Thos. Vickers & Sons' Cliemical Works, Manchester. 1880 to present date Head Chemist at T. Vickers' Phosphate Works, Widnes. Francis Jones. H. E. Roscoe. W. Carletori Williams. L. T. O'Shea. R. L. Taylor. Wilfred Irwin. Edward Jackson. Gibson Dyson. Alfred Smetham. .Rossiter,Edmund Charles, 39, Brook Green Road, Hammersmith. .Honorary Demonstrator, Chemistry Department, Central Institute (City Guilds;. Three years student at the City and Guilds of London Institute, Central Injtitution ; and Associate of the Institute in Chemistry. Henry E. Armstrong. W. P. Wynne. Gerald T. Moody. Henry A. Miers. W.J. Pope. Harold G. Colman. Shields, John, The Byers: Bathgate, N.B. Student of Physical Science. Bachelor of Science of the University sf Edinburgh ; Doctor of Philosophy of the Universitly of Strassburg {Dissertation : "On the Reduction of Phenylparaconic Acid and Phenylbutyrolactone ") ; Medallist in Chemistry Class, University of Edinburgh ; Joseph Black Prixeman, University of Edinburgh (Dr. Gunning's Foundation) ; recommended by the University of Edin-burgh to the Royal Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 for a Scholarship in Physical Science. Alex. Crum Brown. Jamcs Walker. Thomas S. Murray. Hugh Marshall. Leonard Dobbin. ?V. H. Pe&in, jum. Solomon, Frank O., North Eastern County School. Professor of Agriculture and the allied Sciences. Studied Chem- istry two years under Dr.J. M. H. Munro, and took first place in Theoretical Chemistry, also in Laboraiory work. Certificated mem-ber of the College of Agricultui-e, Downton. Holder of First Class 101 Certificate of Highland and Agl. Society (Examiner in Chemistry, Dr. Aitken, Edinburgh.) Lectmrer for various Chambers of Agricul-txre in the neighhourhood on the Science and Practice of Agriculture. E. D. Walrond. John Wrightson. John 31. H. Munro. Charles Hy. Corbett. W.E'. K. Xtock. John J. Pilley. Taylor, John, 15, Lucius Street, Torquay. Analytical Chemist. Analytical and Consulting Chemist to Messrs. Morris and Cadlard, Chemical Manufacturers, Ammanford, South Wales. Jno. Wiltshire.W. A. H. Naylor. Thos. Tyrer. Geo. Bult F!raizc;s. L. W. Hawkins. 'Tetley, Frederick, 3, Mannville Terrace, Hort,on Road, Bradfcrc!. Analytical Chemist. For five years Assistant to Mr. C. Rawson, Consulting Chemist, Bradford, and t,he past 15 months Chemist to Messrs. Wm. Grnndage & Go., Dyers: Bradford. C. Rawson. G. W. Slatter. Thorp Whitaker. R. Elliot Steel. F. M. Rimrnington. Weber, Dr. Otto Carl, Rectory Road, Crumpsall, Manchester. Analytical Chemist. Studied for three years at the Royal Polytechn. School at Stutkgart under v. Fehling, and subsequently for 14 years at the University at Heidelberg under Bunsen and Kopp, where I took my degree Ph.D. Since then I have been engaged in analytical and manufacturing chemistry as applied to the manufacture of pigment and coal-tar coloui*s, dyeing and printing.Two large colour works in Austria and Switzerland have been built by me, and the manufacture of aniline pigments has been, to a large extent, originated by me. Appended are some of the papers I con-tributed to various scientific Journals. J. Carter Bell. Percy Carter Bell, Fredc, H. Bowman. Howland Williams. H. Grimshaw. Otto Hehner. Thos. Tyrer. Charles Watson. Williams, Seward W., East Orange, New Jersey, U.S.A. Superintending Chemist, Seabury Pharmncal Laboratories. Gra-duat'ed as Ph.C., University of Michigan, 1881. Assistant in Qualita- tive Chem. Analysis, Ann Arbor Laboratories, 1831-82. Associate 102 Editor Drug h-ews ad American Pharmacist, 1883-85. Chemist to, Seabury and Johnson, 1885-91. Member Am. Pharm. Assn., American Chemical Society, N.Y. State Pharm. Assn. and New York College of Pharmacy. Joseph F. Geisler. Albert B. Prescott. Wm. D. Crumbie. Alfred Hy. Xason. J. H. IV&nzl;riyht. E’lwyrL Wulley. E, Helbiriy. 117/Los. Tyer. HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN OBDINABY TO EER MAJESTY, ST. XABTIN’S LANE,
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8910700087
出版商:RSC
年代:1891
数据来源: RSC
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