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Issued 4/41I891. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 95. Session 1890-91. March 19t11, 1891. Dr. W. J. Russell, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Messrs. William Ramsay, Spencer Umf reville Pickering and Edgar J. Millard were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Edward Arthur Barnes, 57, Delafield Eoad, Charlton, S.E. ; Frederick Arthur Evans, Cape Colony, South Africa ; Joseph Fitze, 1, New China Bazaar Street, Calcutta ; Walter Herbert Joseland, 9, Campbell Grove, Oxford Road, Manchester ; John Wild, 28, Hyde Road, Woodley, Stockport. The following papers were read :-18. “ MolecuIar refraction and dispersion of various substances.” By J. H. Gladstone, Ph.D., F.R.S. This papw contains a record of a considerable number of hitherto published observations of refractive indices that had accumulated in the author’s note book,together with the optical constants calculated from them, and remarks on their bearing on chemical or physical theory.Observations are quoted on carbon bisulpliide and benzene at various temperatures which confirm the old conclusion that the specific refractive energyof a, liquid is a constant not affected by temperature. In a, second series of tables the data are recorded relating to a number of carbon compounds mostly prepared by Dr. Perkin ; the molecular refraction and dispersion calculated from experiment are 36 compared with those reckoned from the values already assigned to the constituent elements.In the majority of cases the experimerjtal and theoretical numbers are in fairly close accordance; in some cases, however, there is a discrepancy larger than is likely to be due to ex- perimental error or impurity of substance. This, of course, points to some difference of constitution. Amongst the comments made upon these results the following may be noted :-The molecular dispersion of ainylene shows the amount of increase for double-linked carbons which charactcrises the allyl compouiids previously examined, and the allyl and diallylacetic acids in the table. The three modifications of xylene, while differing considerably in their act>ual indices, have almost iden tically the same molecular ref rnction and dispersion. Safrol agrees in optical propertics with what! may bs termed the normal value reckoning for four donble linked carbons ; but anethoil, cinnamene and butenylbenzene, though they have only the same number of double linkings, give a refraction, and especially a disper-sion, far above what theory requires ; thus indicating the presence of carbon in that still more refractive arid dispersive condition to which the author drew attention in 1881.Some of the results, e.q., those relating to the isomeric maleic and fumaric ethers, afford fresh confirmation of the analogy between the molecular refraction and dispersion and the molecular magnetic rotation of the same substance as observed hy Perkin. The nitrogen compounds give results quite confii-matory of the two values previously amigned to that element in combination. The same remark applies to the isomeric ethylic thiocyannte and mustard oil. The observation of stannic ethide gives a refraction equivalent for tin, 18.1,in fair accordance with that determined from its chloride ; but the value of zinc in zincic ethide, 15.9, differs totally from that determined from its dissolved salts.Observations are also quoted of tllie halogen compounds of silicon and titanium which tend to confirm the former refraction equivalents, and indicate that the atomic dispersion of silicon is very small, about 0.32; and that of titanium very large indeed, about 8 7. 19. “ Contributions to our knowledge of tbe aconite alkaloids. Part T.On the crystalline alkaloid of Aconitum napellus.” By Wyndham R. Dunstan and W. H. Ince, Ph.D. (from the Research Labora- tory of the Pharmaceutical Society). The authors have investigated the properties of a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the root of Aconitunz napellus by extraction writh amyl alcohol, as suggested by the late Mr. John Williams, For a supply of the material they are indebted to the kitidiiess of Messrs. Howard and Sons, of Sti-atford. The yellowish, indistiiict crystals melted at 188.4" (corr.), and hy crystallisatiou from alcoholic :solution were proved to be associated wit,h a small quantity of a gummy, amorphous base. On combustion, the original substance pave numbers agreeing fairly well with the formula C13Hi3N012, which is that, proposed for aconitine by Wright arid Luff (Trans., 1879).Tlie alkaloid was purified by repeated crystallisation from a mixture of alcohol and ether, or more readily by conversion into its bromhydride and regeneration of the alkaloid from the salt, or by regeneration from its ci-ystalline auri- c.hloride. It crystallises in tabular prisms belonging to the rhombic system ; the crystallography of the substance forms the subject of a separate commiinication from Mr. Tutton. The crystals are very slightly soluble in water and light petroleum, more soluble in ether and alcohol, most soluble in benzene and chloroform. They melt at 188.5" (con..). Contrary to the statements of previous observers, who found aconitine to be Im-o-rotatory, the authors found an alc*c+hnlic solution to be dextro-rotcrtory, [a]D +lO*'i#' ; the aqueous solution of the brornhydride is, however, Ievo-rot'atory, [a]D -330.47".On analysis, the alkaloid afforded results which agreed best with the iormula C33H45Nt112. Two crystalline nuyichlorides were obtaiued. One melting at 135.5" (corr.) (CsH,5N01211AuC14); the other, a hsic aurichloride (C,BH45N0,2AuC13)melting at 129"(corr.). These compounds are ob- tained without diaculty, and afford trustworthy means of identifying aconitine. The alkaloid may be readil7 recovered from them in a pure state. Aconitine is not. appreciably affected by heating at e temperature below its melting point, but at this temperature it is gradually con- rerted into the unorystallisable base aconine.Prolonged boiling in aqueous solution induces a similar change, but not to the Same extent unless an alkali is present. Boiling with water acidulated with chlorhydric acid also produces decomposition of the alkaloid, Dehydraconitine or apo-acnnitine is a base differing fsom aconitine by the absence of a molecular proportion of water which was firstA obtained by Wright and Luff by acting on aconitine with acids. Its existence has, however, been qnestioiied by later workers. The authors find that such a substance may be readily procured by heat- ing aconitine with saturated aqueous tartaric acid in closed tubes, as rccornmended by Wright and Luff. The crystals of this substance melt at 186.5" (corr.).It forms crystalline salts, and in other wspects closely resembles the parent alkaloid. The rzsults of analyvses agree M ell with the formula C,H,,NOII. Three nurichlorides were obtained : one (C,H4,N011HAuC1,) melts at 141" (corr.) ; this salt, when cryatallised from aqueous alcohol, affords a hydrate (Cs,H,,NOlIHAuC1,,H20),m. p. 129" (corr.), isomeric with aconitine auricbloride, into which indeed it very readily changes. The third anrichloride is a direct compound of t3e alkaloid with auisic chloride (C,,H4,N0,,AiiC1,); it melts at 147.5"(corr.). An anzorphoics base was obtained from aconitine, together with benxoic acid, by prolong+l heating with water in a closed tube. It appears to be identical with the aconine of Wright and Luff.The same substance is formed together with a resinous substance when aconitine is heated with an alkali. Neither aconine nor its salts could be crystallised. The amorphous hase after purificsltion and its amorphous aurichloride afforded analytical data agreeing with the formulae C,,H4,N0, and C2,HalNOlI,HAuCl4 respectively. A further study is being made of aconine, and of the question as to the existence of other alkaloids in this plant. DISCUSSION. WRIGHTnr. ALDER expressed his gratification that the authors so substantially corroborated the results brought before the Society by himself some thirteen years ago. The difference in the results obtained by various chemists he thought was largely attributable to defective methods of isolation of the active principle, whereby the true aconitine became more or less hydrolysed, or otherwise acted on, so as to be trausformed into non-crystalline, and comparatively inert, substances ; also to the imperfection of the methods adopted for separating the true active crystallisable allraloid from the non-crystalline and far less active alkaloids naturally accompanying it.It was greatly to be regretted that preparations were largely sold under the name of aconitine of which only a very small fraction actually was aconitine, the greater part consisting of relatjvely inert, other alkaloids. It was as though a substance should be sold as morphine which almost entirely consisted of narcotine and the other less active opium bases, so that its physiological potency was only a small fraction of that of genuine morphine.Dr. TRUDICHUMforcibly described the uncertainty and danger attending the use of the drug " aconitine " in medical practice, owing to absence of uniformity in the products of English, French and German manufacture. A final determination of the properties and mode of preparing the active principles of the various kinds of aconite would, he said, be a work of great value. Professor DUNSTAN,in reply, said it was well known that the com- mercial aconitines varied much in toxic power, all of theni being more or less impure, chiefly from the presence of amorphous alkaloid, which appeared to be non-toxic. Dr. Waller, of St. Mary's Hospital, 39 had undertaken to investigate the physiological action of the pure alkaloid obtained in the course of this research.It was intended to fully examine the alkaloids contained in A. ferox and A. sapmicum. 20. " The crystallographicel characters of aconitine from Aconitmn napellus." By A. E. Tuttan, Royal College of Science, London. The author bas made a complete crystallographical examination of some fine specimens of aconitine crystals, obtained during the course of the work described in the preceding communication. Aconitine crystallises in the rhombic system. Habit : prismatic, with inclination to tabular, owing to the large development of the brachypinacoid. Ratio of axes : a :b :c =0.5456 :1:0.3885. Forms observed : a(100),b(O10), p{llO], p'(l20>, m(101), q{02l], and o(121).A complete table of angles is given in the memoir. There is a good cleavage parallel to a( 100). Optic axial plane is b(010). 9conitine is a highly dispersive substance. The apparent acute angle of the optic axes in air 2E for lithium light is 47" 0', for sodiiim light 56" 10' and for thallium light 65' 5'. Hence there is a dispersion of 18" 5'. The double refraction is positive. 21. ''The asymmetry of nitrogen in substituted ammonium cpm- pounds." By S. B. Schrgver, B.Sc. Although isomeric compounds in which isomerism is due to the different geometrical arrangement of riidicles round the carbon atom have for several jears been known, sterco-isomers-to use V. Meyer's term-in which the radicles have different arrangements rouud a nitrogen atom have not up to the present been conclusively proved to exist.Hantzsch and Werner (Ber., 23,et sey.) have sought to explain the existence of the different hydroxnmic acids of Lossen snd the mono-and di-benzoxime compounds of V. Meyer and Anwers (Ber., 21, 78%)by the hypothesis that they are stereo-isomers of nitrogen : they suppose that this element is capable of forming com- pounds the general types of which may be represented by the consti- tutional form 11 1ae-N--3 X-N-Y x-N-Y II and y-g-x9 and u-x-z and Z-N.-U'I I N-Y This explanation of the isomerism is not ccepted by Meyer (Ber.,i 23,603). Moreover, the evidence of the elistence of such stereo- isomers in the case of compounds other than the hydroximes and hydroxamic acids is, up to tlie preserif, very slight and of a very doubtful nature.If, however, the compounds of trivalent nitrogen are capable of forming such stereJ-isomers, we should expect that in compounds of pentaralcnt nitrogen, where the opportunity for difference in thc relative arrangements of the rndicles in the molecule is greater, sterec-isomers should also, a fortiori, exist. To produce these has been the primary object of tthe author’s work. The class of compounds chosen for study was the substituted ammo-niums. The tertiary amines easily combine with alkyl iodides without evolution of heat (under suitable conditions), and it is, therefore, possible to obtain well-crystallised compounds, viz., the platini-chlorides, under such conditioms that isomeric changes are not likely to take place. The author, in conjunction with N.Collie, examined the platini- chlorides obtained from the different mixed methyl and ethyl ammo- nium bases of ‘the formdm Me,EtNOH, Me,E:t,NOH, MeEt,NOH ; these were prepared bath from trieth ylamine and also trimethylamine as a starting point. But it did not seem to make any difference in the crystalline form of the platinochlorides, wliethtr the base was prepared from triethylamint: or trirnethylamine, or whetbey the solu-tions were evaporated by rthe aid s€heat or in cacao. The author has, however, since prepared quaternary ammoniuin compounds, contaiuing three different mdides- I. By adding methyl iodide to die thylisoamylamine. 11.By adding isoamyl isdide to diethylmethylamine. 111. By adding ethyl iodide to ethy~rmethylisoamylamzine. The plxtinichlorides of I, I1 and XI1 gave on evaporation by means of heat needle-shaped crystals belonging to the rhornbic system. The platinichlorides of I and I1 on evaporation in cacuo gave needle-shaped crystals belonging to the monochinic systeltz, whilst I11 on evaporation under the same conditions gave needles wliich resembled those obtained by evaporation by heat. Further the monoclinic needles on redissolving in hot water on evaporation were changed into the rhombic variety. They were also changed to the rhombic variety by adding excess of chlorhydric acid and allowing the solution to evaporate at the temperature of the atmosphere. From these results the author is led to the conclusion that the diference iia crydallins form is due to the various arrangemenis of the radicles ethyl, melhyl, isoarnyl and chlorine around the nityoyeti atom, and, therefore, that stereo-isomers are posdly capable of existence in the case of quaternary arnnioniuitz CO~~OUT~S.22. ‘‘Acetylcarbinol (acetol), CH3*CO*CH,*OH.” By W. H. Perkin, Jun., Ph.D., F.R.S. Some time since the author, in conjunction with Dr. Tingle (Proc., 73,156),succeeded in preparing acetylcarbinol by the hydro- 41 lysis of monochloracetone by means of barium carbonate. As, however, the amount obtained by this process is exceedingly small ald its isolation extremely laborious, the author has been engaged for some time in endeavouring to improve the method of preparation.The following process was ultimately devised and employed wit11 success in pi-epariiig large quantities of pure acetylcarbinol. 200 grams of ace tylcarbin yl acetate, (CH,CO*CH,*OC,H,O), prepared by digesting nionoch1oracet)one with potassium acetate in alcoholic solu- tion), is dissolved in 350 grams of water heated to boiling, and freshly precipitated barium carbonate added in small quantities at a tiuie until no further action takes place. The clear solution is distilled as rapidly as possible under reduced pressure (100 mm.) and the dis- tillate, which contains 20 per cent. of acetylcarbinol, very carefully fractionated under ordinary pressures with the aid of a long Glinsky column. After repeated fractionation a product is obtained which contains over 90 per cent.of acetylcarbinol. This is dissolved in pure ether, thoroughly dried with freshly ignited sodium sulphate, the ether distilled off and the residue fracliouated under reduced pressure. AcetyZca&noZ boils at 120-122" under 250 mm., and at about 147" under ordinary pressure. When cooled in a mixture of ice and cblorhydric acid it solidifies to a hard, crystalline mass ; its rel. den. at 15"/15"is 1.07915; its magnetic rotation 3.650. Sodium amalgam converts acctylcarbinol quantitatively into methyZgZyco1, CH,CH(OH)GK,OEC* (b. p. 188'). 23. " The action of ethyl dichloracetate on the sodinm derivative of ethyl malonate." By Arlhur W.Bishop, Ph.D., and W. H. Perkin, Jun., Ph.D., P.R.S. When a mixture of ethyl malonate (2 mols.), sodium ethylate (2 mols.) and ethyl dichlorncetate (I mol.) is digested in alcoholic solution in a reflux apparatus, interaction rapidly takes place with separation of sodinm chloride. At the end of two hours, the alcohol was distilled off, the residue mixed with water, extiacted with ether and the oily residue which remains, after distilling off the ether, frac- tioned under reduced pressure. After repeated refractionation it was ultimately separated into two new compounds, a-ethyZic ethylenetri- carboxylate, ( CO,Et)&:C B.CO,Et, and @-ethylicpro~a,Letricul.btxylutr, (CO,E t),:C H*CH(C0,E t) CH(C0,Et)2. The former is a colourless, peculiar-smelling oil which boils at 203-205" (100 mm.) ; on hydrolysis, it yields ethyleretricarboxylic acid, and this, on heating to l80", is decomFosed quantitatively into j'Urnu~icacid and carbon dioxide.48 The latter ethereal salt is an extremely thick oil which boils with- out decomposition at about 265" under a pressure of 80 mm. On hydrolysis it is converted into a polycarboxylic acid, probably propane- pentacarboxylic acid, as the substance, when heated at MOO, readily loses carbon dioxide with formation of t~icarballylicacid, (COOH),*CH*CH(COO 11)*CH(COOH), = CO0H.C H,.CH( COOH)*CH,COOH + 2C02. 24. " Benzoylacetic acid and somn of its derivatives, Part V." By W. H. Perkin, Jun., Ph.D., F.R.S., and James Stenhouse.This research was institutnd with the object of supplementing and, in some cases, of rectifying the results obtained in investigations pre- viously carried out on the same subject (compare Trans., 45, IiO; 47, 240 ; 47, 261 ; 49, 154). Ethylic benzoylacetate contains one hydrogen atom wliich is readily displaced by sodium, and the resulting sodium derivative yields, on treatment with alkyl iodides, the ethereal salts of higher homologues of benzoylacetic acid, of the formula CsH5*CO*CHR*COOC2H5. Sodium dissolves readily in ethereal solutions of these derivatives, but, in spite of a large number of experiments, no general metlhod has as yet been found by which di-substituted derivatives of ethylic benzoylacetate (similar to those obtained from ethylic acetoacetate) can he prepared.When treated with sodium ethylate and alkpl iodides in the usual manner, mono-substituted derivatives of ethylic benzoylacetate usually yield only traces of di-substituted ethereal salts, C',H,*CO*CRR'*CO,Et, the greater portion being decomposed with formation of benzoic acid, fatty acids &c. By digesting ethylic methylbenzoylacetate with sodium ethylate and ally1 iodide in alcoholic solution in a reflux apparatus, homevei., am almost quantitaiive yield of ethylic allylmethylbenzoylacetnte, C6H5*cO*c(CH3)(C,H,)*C02Et, is obtained. This ethereal salt boils at 243-245" (225 mm.) ; on hydrolysis it yields quantities of benzoic acid, together with a small quantity of a ketone, probably allylmethylace to phenone.Action of Hydroxylantine on Dibenzoylaceiic Acid.-Dibenzoylacetic acid and hydroxylamine readily interact in alkaline soluticn, with formation of a substance, C9H1NO2,which, on examination, was found ceH6*g'CH,*yO, obtainedto be identical with the phenylisoxazolon, Ni--0 by Claisen (Bet-., 24, 140) by the action of hydroxylamine on et(hy1ic benzoylacetate. When heated with phemylhydrazine at 180°,ethylic dibenzoylncetate is completely decomposed with formamtion of benzoyl-plienyZhydraa;r~e, C6H5.CO-KH*NH*C6H5.On reduction dibenzoyl- 43 acetic acid yields P-phenyllactic acid, C,H,*CH(OH) *CH,COOH, and dihydroxydibenzoylacetic acid, [C6H5.CH(OH)],:CH*COOH. This new acid crystallises from water in slender, glistening needles which melt at 188-190".Ethylic methyldibenzoylucetate, (c6H5*co)2:c(CH,)*COOC,H,, is prepared by the action of benzoyl chloride on the sodium compound of ethylic methylbenzoylacetate. It is a thick oil, which is much less stable than et,hylic dibenzoylacetate and is almost entirely decomposed on hydrolysis with formation of quantities of benzoic acid. EthyZic benxy ZGenzoylacetafe, C6H5*C0.C H(C7H7) *CO 0C2H5,prepared by heating together ethylic benzoylacctate, sodium ethylate and benzyl chloride in alcoholic solution, is a thick, light-yellow oil boiling at' 265" (80 mm.). Benzylacetoyhenone, C,H5*C0.CH20CH20C6H,,is obtained by the hydrolysis oE the previous compound. It crystallises from alcohol in glisteninq plates which melt at 70".It is converted by hydr-oxylamine into the hydroxime C,H,*C(NOH)*CH,*CH2*C,H5, which melts at 80-81". Reduction with sodium in moist ethereal sohtion converts benzylnce t oph enone into diphenyZp~opy 1 alcohol, a,C,H5CH~OH)*CH,*CH,*C6H5,thick, colourless oil which boils at about 240" (70 mm.). a-MethyZ-+pheny Zlactic acid, C,H,*CH (OH)*C (C H,)*COOH, ob-tained by reducing ethylic methylbenzoylacetate with sodium amal- gam, melts at 95" (not at 124-125", as previously stated, Trans., 49, 160). When heated at 280°, it is decomposed with evolution of carbon dioxide and water and formation of methylstyrolene, C,H,*CH:CH*CH, (b. p. 174-175"). a-EthyZ-/l-phenyZZactic acid, C6H5*CH(OH)*CH(C2H5)*COOH7is 01)-tnined by the reduct'ion of ethylic ethylbenzoylacdate with sodium amalgam.It crystallises from bisulphide of carbon in needles which melt about 108". Ethylic furfuralbenzoylacetnte, C,&*CO *C(:CH* CIH,O) GO OC,H5, is prepared by heating a mixture of furfural, ethyl benzoy1aceta)te and acetic anhydride at 180". It crystallises from methyl alcohol in beautiful, glistening prisms which melt at 68". 25. " Syntheses with the aid of ethyl pentanetetracarboxylate." (Preliminary note.) By TV. H. Perkin, Jun., Ph.D., F.R.S., and Bertram Prentice. Ethylic pentanetetracarboxy late (Trans., 51, 241) yields a disodiuin derivative, (COOC,H5)2:CNa*CH,*CH,*CH2*CNa:(COOC2H5)2,from which, by t:ie action of alkyl iodides, higher homologues may be obtained, and these, on hydrolysis and subsequent splitting off of two molecules of ca,rbon dioxide, yield higher homologues of pimelic acid, (COOCZH,) 2: CR*CH,*CH2.C H,QCR': (COOCZH,) 2 + 4KOH = (COOK)2:CR*CH,.CH,*CH,*CR'(COOK), + 4C,H,OH.(COOH),:CR.CH,.CH,C~,.CR':(COOH), = COOH~CHR.CJI,~C!H,~CH,*CHlt'~COOH+ 2C0,. Ethylic dibe.nzyl~~eentaneteti-acarbox~lafe, (COOc,H,),~C(C7H,).CH,*CH~~CH,*C(C7H,)(COOC~H,),, prspared by tho action of henzyl chloi-ide on the disodium compound of ethyl pentanetetracarboxylate, is a solid, crystalline substance which melts at 75-77". DibenzyZpentanetetl.ncarboxyZic acid, (COOH>,*C( C7H7) *CH,*CH,*CH,*C (C7H7) (COOH),, obtained by the hydrolysis of the above ethereal salt, is a colourless, crystalline substance, very sparingly soluble in ether.It decomposes at 207--210" into dibenzylpimelic acid and carbon dioxide. The silver salt, C23H20Ag10tl,is a white powder, insoluble in water. Dz'benzylpimeZic acid, C0OH-CH(CYH,) *CH,*CH,.CH,*C H(C,H,) *CO OH, crystallises from a mixture of benzene and light petroleum in well- formed, glistening prisms which melt at about 117". The barium saZt, C,,H,,O,Ba + 3H,O, is more soluble in cold than in hot water, and separates, when the cold saturated solution is heated to boiling, in colourless plates. 26. " The oxidation of mannitol by nitric acid. a-Mannosaccliaric acid." By T. H. Easterfield. The recent researches of Emil Fischer and his pupils have shown that, whereas mannose is almost quantitatively converted into man- nitol on reduction, dextrose yields inannitol with difficulty : hence it appeared probable that dextrose and mannitol are not so directly related as has been supposed, and that 8s mannitol and mannose are easily converted, the one into the other, their relationship is a very close one; it therefore mas to be supposed that mmnitol, like mannose, would yield mannosaccharic and not saccharic acid, on oxidation with nityic acid.The author, at Professor Fischer's suggestion, has experimentally investigated this question, and his results completely confirm the correctness of the theoiaetical argu-ment. Mannosaccharic acid yields no sparingly soluble acid potassium salt ;and it readily affords a double lactonc.CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOE ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.B.-The names of those who sign from "General Knowledge " are printed in itudics. Bell, Albert, Edward, Sherborne, Dorset. Science Mastel- at Sherborne School. Received chemical educa- tion at Owens College, during the years 1884, 1885, 1886, taking 3rd place in Senior Chemistry Examination at the Normal School of Science, 1886, 1887; assisted Dr. Percy Frankland in origiiial work on the Estimation of Nitrogen ; 1st Class Honours Practical Inorganic Chemistry ; Science Master at Sherborne Grammar School fiince 1888. T. E. Thorpe. Alfred E. Tutton. Percy F. Frankland. Watson Smith. E. P. Perman. C'l&apnmnJoms. W. P.Wynue. Bater, Claude Hooper, 4,Westbnnk Terrace, Gibson Street, Hillhead, Glasgow.Chemical Officer, Inland Revenue. Student in Theoretical Chemistry at the Royal School of Mines, under Professor3 Frank- land and Japp, 18%-5, and in Practical Chemistry at the Inland Revenue Laboi-ntory, Somerset House, during same period ; taking 1st Class Certificate at end of the course. Two years' experience in analytical work in Somerset House Laboratory, 1885-7, followed by 39 years' experience as a Chemical Officer of Inland Revenue at Glasgow Inland Revenue Laboratory. Richard Bannister. Wm. Harkness. H. J. Helm. J. R. Jackson. E. Grant Hooper. C. Proctor. Barnes, Edward Arthur, 57, Delafield Road, Charlton, S.E. Chemist. Associate of the City and Guilds of London Instit'ute. 46 Analytical Chemist at Abram Ljle & Co.’s Sugar Refinery, Silvci*- town.Henry E. Armstrong. W. P. Wynne. Gerald T. Moody. Hayold G. Colman. Holland Cronipton. Henry A. Xiers. G. H. Robertson. Bate, William, National Explosives Co., Hayle, Cornwall. Five years Assistant, and five years Chemist, to the St. Helen’s Chemical Co., St. Helen’s, Lnncashirs ; at present Chemist to the National Explosives Co., Hayle, Cornwall. George Lunge. Arnold Philip. l’. Gerald Sanford. Alfred C. Fryer. John J. Beringer. F. E. Xatthews. Willinm A-ewton. C. Heiivri~;hTIinks. P. Coulson Bum. Rhys,Pendrilt Charles, Plas Newydd, Neath. Analytical Chemist. One year at the City and Guilds of London Central Institute, three years as Studeiit with Dr.Morgan, Ph.D., Public Analyst) for Swansea,: Gla.rnorgan, &c. ; now Assisfaxit Chemist at the Swansea Hematite Iron Co., Landore, South Wales. Wm. Morgan, Ph.D. Prank B. Last. Herbert Eccles. H. 31. Faber, M.A., Ox, W. Tewill. T.Redivood. Cooper, Walter Johnson, High Street, Mitcheldean, Glos. Portland Cement Works Manager, and Snalytical Chemist. Nine to ten years student, of Chemistry and General Science; 69 years Analytical and Research Chemist in Portland Cement Works, the last 2&years Manager also. John Cuthbert Welch. Alfred J. Shilton. Alfred C. Fryer, Ph.D., M.A. Walker F. Reid, F.I.C. C. W. Stephens. Evans, Frederick Arthur, O’okiep, Cape Colony, South Africa. Manager of Copper Smelting Works.Served a,rticles with Dr. William Morris, Public Analyst, Swansea; Chemist to the Cape Copper Co., Natal, superintending manufacture of copper, at Capo Copper Co.’s Mines, Sout’h Africa. Wm. Morgan, Ph.D. Jas. S. Merry. TV. Terrill. Alfred H. Knight. Leonard Temple Thorn.. Bertram Uloun!. 47 Fowler, Gilbert John, Dalton Hall, Victoria Park, Manchester. Assistant Demonstrator in the Chemical Laboratories, Owens College. Master of Science, Victoria University, 1st Class Honours in Chemistry ; joint author of papers on :-“ Suboxide of Silver,” “Some Reactions of the Halogen Acids,” “ On the Influence of diffei.ent Oxides on the Decomposition of Potassium Chlorate.” C. Schorlemmer. Harold B. Dixon. G. H. Bailey. J. B. Cohen.P. J. Hartog. G ibson Dyson. Fitze, Joseph, 1,New China Bazaar Street, Calcutta. Assistant Chemist to D. Waldie & Go., of Cossipore Chemical Works, Calcutta. Two years student at the Royal School of Mines, South Kensington. Three months in laboratory of Messrs. Lawes’ Cheniical Manure Works, T. E. Thorpe. F. R. Japp. Wm. Tate. W-R. Criper. J. H. Wilson. Jehu Bughes. Foster, John Alfred, Royal Naval College, Greenwich, S.E. Analytical Chemist. Assistant to Prof. V. B. Lewes, Royal Naval College, and late asgistant and student with A. Norman Tate, Esq., F.T.C., &c,Liverpool. Vivian B. Lewes. W. Popplewel; Bloxam, B.Sc. A. Norman Tate. Joh M. Thowson. G. Xtillinllfleet Johnson, Forshaw, Chas. F., LLD,,D,Sc.,Ph.D., Bradford, Yorks. Doctor of Dental Surgery.Author of “Alcohol z its Useand Abuse,” “ Tobacco and its EEect on the General Health,” each of which is printed, the abc’ve subjects having formed themes for a lecture, which the author has delivered to different societies in Bradford and elsewhere ; also of numerous works on Poetry,” &c., &c., F.R.M.S.,4‘ F.G.S. Edin., &c., &c., late F.S.C.I. Rev. H. Ross, B.Sc., Hon. L1d.D. Robert Galloway. Predk. Woodward Branson. I.Patchett. Gcoi-ge H. Hurst. Jas. Baynes. Greaves, J. A. R., Old Rectory, Grappenhall, Cheshire Brewer. Practically connected with chemistry all my life, 1st in medicine ; Zndly, in architecture : Srdlg, as brewer and maltster, 48 having studied it for the last 20 yeara in connection with tbo latter ; also studied biology for the last 20 years.Thos. Fletocher. Horace T. Brown. W. S. Squire. Walter Odling. Charbs &aham. Gibbins, Berington H., Ocala, Florida, U.S.A. Technical Chemist. Received chemical education at 0wens Col- lege ; 4 years Chemist at Melincrythan Chemical Works, Neath ; ‘I;+ years in charge of aulphuric acid and superphosphate plants oE J. L. Morgan & Co., New York. J. H. M. Fallon. H. E. Roscoe. Chas. J. Waterfa1I. John Rufle. Frank L.Teed. Bernard Dyer. Charles E. Cassal. F. H. Perry Coste. Otto Hehael-. Hiepe, William L., Ph.D., 21, Acomb Street, Manchester. Analytical Chemist, 19, Kilver-t’s Buildings, Withy Grove, Man- Chester. P1.D.of Berne, Switzerland. Eight years assistant to Dr. Hill, Birmingham ; 4 years in charge of laboratory of Mr. Frank Faulkner ; 2&years independently. Louis Siebold. Alfred Hill. Basil Pemdarne Wigan. Otto Hehner. Bernard Byer. Charles E. CassaZ. Hart, William Beamont, Gransmoor Avenue, Fairfield, near Manchester. Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry, Ordinary Member of the Berlin Chemical Society. Papers :-.‘ Volumetric Method of Anti-mony Estimation ” (Jour. Xoc. Chem. Id., 3,294) ; “ Investigation of an Alleged Reaction for Sodium Carbonate Manufacture ” (in conjunction with Watson Smith, Esq., F.I.C., F.C.S.) (Jour. SOC. Chem. Ind., 5, 643) ; “ On ‘some Organo-Silicon Comp~uncls,’~ British Association, 1887. Research Chemist at the Clayton Aniline Company, Limited, Clayton, near Manchester.Henry E. Roscoe. Watson Smith. G. H. Bailey. C. Schorlemmer. Harold B. Dixon. Arthur Harden. J. Carter Bell. Joseland, Walter Herbert, 9, Campbell Grove, Oxford Road. Manchester. Assistant. in Dr. E. Schunck’s Laboratory. Studied Chemistry 34 years at the Owens College, Manchester. Obtained degree of B.Sc. (1st Class Honours, Chemistry) Victoria University, June, 1890. Associate Instit. of Chemistry, July, 1890. C. Schorlemmer. Harold B. Dixon. 0. H. Bailey J. B. Cohen. Jas. Grant. Francis Jones. 49 Kipping, F. Stanley, D.Sc. (Lond.). 7, Milborne Grove, South Kensington. Lecturer and Assistant in the Chemical Research Laboratory, City Guilds of London, Central Institution.Three papers communicated to the Chemical Society by myself. Five papers, ditto, conjointly with Professor W, H. Perkin, jiin. One paper, ditto, conjointly witli J. E. Mackenzie, B.Sc. Henry E. Armstrong. W. H. Perkin. T. E. Thorpe. Charles E. Groves. W. H. Perkin, jun. Lauder, Alexander, Bangor, North Wales. Chemist, University College of North Wales, Bangor. Studied Chemistry, first at Greenock, for two years under Z.W. Riggart, Esq., Public Analyst there, and Angus Smith, Esq., F.C.S., &c. ; then for ;t Scar under Professor Dittmar, in Glasgow. For the last year and it half has been private assistant to Professor Dobbie, University Col-lege of North Wales, Bango:, assisting him in various researches, &c. James J.Dobbie. George McGowan. John Wm Biggart. John Ferguson. G. G. Henderson. Bdnztcnd J. Mills. Langham, Rev. Edgar Norman, M.A., St. John's College, Cambridge. 7, Clsremont, Ripon. Science Master (five years Teacher of Chernist>rj) , Ripon Grarnnia r School. Before University Course :-First Class Elementary and Advanced Certificates in Chemistry (Science and Art Depart-ment). At Cambridge :-studied Theoretical Chemistry ; also Pmc-tical Chemistry in t.he College Laboratory; and attended the lectures of the College Lecturer and University Professor. After University Course :-Science hfaster, Ripon School, since December, 7885, Chemistry being leading subject. Have pased many pupils in Klement'ary and Advanced Science Department Examinations in Theoretical and Pisactical Work; also in Senior and Junior Cam-bridge Local Examinations, having obtained the mark of distinction.Fredk. W. Boam, F.G.S. Fredk. Woodward Branson, F.I.C. Geo. W. Slatter. A.R.C.S., F.I.C. J. C. P. Richurdson. Sydney Lupton. Richard Reynolds. R. Hayton Davis. A.Hihmboldb Sexton. Leicester, James, 2, Queen's Parade, Brandon Hill, Bristol. Lecturer on Chemistry and Meta,llurgy, Merchant Venturers' School, Bristol. Ph.D. of the University of Erlangen. Author of 50 “ The Artion of Qninones on o-Dianiines and o-Nitromil ine and Nitroparatoluidine ” (Her., 23,2793-2798). J. Campbell Brown. Charles A. Kohn. Arthur Richardson. J. Bishop Tingle. W. Johnston Saint. Morrison, Geo. R., Richmond House, Plaistow.Manager and Consulling Chemist to Jeyes Sanitary Compounds Company, Limited, Plaistow. Studied, theoretically and practically, Chemistry, five years ; Natural Philsophy, two years ; Geology, two venrs ; Mathematics, two years, at Glasgow Universiiy. Was Afanager and Chemist for some years at the Chemical Works of the Glasgow Corporation Gas Works. Robert’ ft. Tatlock. John Ferquson. William Rnmsay. James Mackey. J.l?alcon)er King. Johiz U. Ow. MacDonald, William, 109, CroEton Road, Peckham, S.E. Assistant Chemist, Riotiuto Cljpper Company. Studied four years at the Royal School of Mines and College of Science, London. Asso-ciate in Chemist,ry,R.C.S., in Metallurgy, R.S.M., and of the Institute of Chemistry, G.B. and I. W.R. Hopkinson. T.E. Thorpe. W. C. Roberts-,4usten. Chapman Jones. Alfred E. Tuttoii. William Tate. Mitchell, Charles Ainsworth, 27, Farnley Road, South Norwood, S.E. Scholnstic. StudentJ (formerly) at the University Laboratoi-v, Oxford. B.A. find in Chemistry, Practical and Theoretical, 1888. Preliminary Honour Chem. (Practical and Theoretical) 1889. Till Christmas, 1890, Assistant Chemical Master at King William’s College, Isle of Man. W. W. Fisher. V. H. Veley. W. Odling. J.E.Marsh. John Watts. Merrils, Frederick Johnson, 65, Roe Lane, Pitsmoor, Sheffield. Analytical Chemist. Five years Manager, and three years Chemist, at, the Sheffield United Gas Light, Company’s Sulphuric Acid and Sulphate of Ammonia Works. Chief Assistant in J.0. Arnold’s B~etallurgical Laboratory. Evening Demonstrator in Bietallargy at the Sheffield Technical School. J. 0. Arnold. B. W. Winder. Edward Jackson. L.Napier Lcdingham. John C. Platts. Tltos. Andrews. Charles Bradsha uq. 51 Ough,Lewis, 15, Upper King Street, Leicester. Laboratory Manager and Analyst for J. Richartlson and Co., Manufacturing Chemists, Leicester. A Student for Session 1888 at the School of Pharmacy of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, under Professor J. Attfield, F.R.S., Ph.D., ProEessor W. R. Dunstan, M.A., Professor J.R. Green, B.A., E.M. Holmes, fhq., F.L.S., and J. lnce, Zsq., aud at the competitivc examinations ak the end of the course on the recommendations of the above professom and teachers, nbtained first place in all the subjects, viz.:-Practical Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry, Botany, MtLtPria Medica, and Pharmacy, and was awarded a medal in each case. Was awarded the Bronze Medal of the Pharmaceutical Society for distinguished merit in the Council Examination Prizes 1889. A worker for five months in the Research Laboratory of the Pharmaceutical Society, under Professor W. R. Dunstan, M.A.. and an assistant for sixt’een months with S. W. Rich, Esq., F.I.C., Commercial Analyst, Croydon. Jno. Geo. Fred. Richardson. Wyndham R. Dnnstan. John Attfield. M. Carteighe. Alonzo J. Ridel.. Hubert N. B. Bichardson. Randall, Percy Morrice, 3, Belsize Park Gardens, N.W. Cliemist to the firm of Randall Bros. Has studied Chemistry at the Royal College of Science, South Kensington, and a,t King’s College, London.T. E. Thorpc. Alfred E. Tutton. Johu M. Thomson. G. Stillingfleet Johnson. Chapman Jones. Williana Tate. Storey, James Ashburner, Moorside, Lancaster. Chemical Manufacturer. Four years a student in tlhe Chemical Laboratories of the Owens College. B.Sc. with Honours in Chemistry, Victoria University. Associate of the Institute of Chemistry, 1890. Harold B. Dixon. G. H. Bailey. J. B. Cohen. P. J. Hartog. Gibson Dyson. Searl, Albert, The Caxtons, Miskin Road, Dartford. Manager, Phoenix Mills, Dartford (Messrs. Burroughs, Wellcome & Co.). Fifteen years’ experience in analytical work in laboratory of Messrs. Howarcis & Sons, City Mills, Stratford ; improvements in 52 Pharmaceutical preparations, as regards purity, detection of im-purities and une of bye-products.David Howard. Alfred G. Howard, D. Lloyd Howard. John Hodgkin. J. Hersee Freeman. Aijred Ey. Hason. Chas. W. Vincent. Tocher,James Fowler, 1,Chapel Street, Peterhead. Pharmaceutical Chemist,, in business with Analytical Prac tice. Associate of the Institute of Chemistry (Exam.). Author of Papers :-“Analysis of Waters of the Springs and Wells of Peterhead,” Trans. Ruchan Field Club, 18239 ; ’‘ Tests €or Detection of Sesame Oil iu Olive Oil,” “ Isolation of another subst,ance from Sesame Oil,” Jour. Pha r. ~Soc., January, 1891. William A. Tilden. Thomas Turner. W. W, J. Nicol. Charles R.Beck. J. J.Sudborough. M. Cayteighe. I?. R.Japp. Thonger, Cecil Geo. Freer, M.R.A.C., Colonial College, Hollesley Bay, Suffolk. Late Professor of Agriculture and Chemistry, Texas University, U.S.A., at present Professor of Agriculture and Chemistry, Colonial College, Hollesley Bay. Studied Agricultural Chemistry and Analysis, for 3 years ac the Rojal Agricultural College, Cirencester, of which I hold the Diploma and Gold Medal, also Diploma and Special First Class Certificate of the Royal Agricultiiral Society of Ireland, and intend to pursue the study of Agricultural Chemistry. Professor of Agriculture and Agricultural Chemistry, Colonial College, Hollesley Bay. Edward Kinch. H. H. Robinson. R. Warington. Robert Wallace. John Hunter. John Wild, 28, Hyde Road, Woodley, Stockport. Research Student. Three years’ study of Chemistry in the Owens College. B.Sc,, Victoria University. Associate of Inst. of Chemistrj, July, 1890. C. Schlorleminer. Hwold B. Dixon. G. H. Bailey. J. B. Cohen. Francis Jones. Jas. Grant. HAWISON AND SONB,PR~XTEL~SIN OUUINAXY TO XER MAJESTY, ST. MALTIN’S LAKE.

ISSN:0369-8718    

DOI:10.1039/PL8910700035

出版商:RSC    

年代:1891

数据来源: RSC