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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 20, No. 278 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 20,
Issue 278,
1904,
Page 57-74
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摘要:
Issued 31/3/04 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. VOl. 20. No.278. Wednesday, March 16th, 1904. Professor W. A. TILDEN,D.Sc., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Measrs. L. F. Guttmann, J. H. Pollok, F. D’O. Mears, and M. Blood were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Harold S. Hammond, Government Laboratory, Eingston, Jamaica. Laurel Cecil F. Oldfield, Lincoln College, Oxford. William D. Page, Constitutional Club, London, W.C. Thomas L. D. Porter, B.Sc., 161, Downsell Road, Stratford, E. Louis John E. Riley, Port-of -Spain, Trinidad. Henry Heron Smith, 76, Plumstsad Common Road, Plumstead. Of the following papers, those marked * were read : *46. ‘‘ Mercuric nitrite and its decomposition by heat.” ByPrafulla Chandra RAy.Mercuric nitrite, hitherto unknown, can be obtained by evaporating in vucuo over sulphuric acid the solution left by decomposing mercuric 58 chloride with silver nitrite. It occurs in groups of light yellow needles which slowly deliquesce and decompose when exposed to the air. The salt and its aqueous solution are stable when sealed up out of contact with air. The solid salt is largely decomposed by water. When heated at about 100’ in a vacuum, it melts and intumesces, decompos- ing for the most part into mercurous nitrate and nitric oxide, but also, to a small extent, into red, crystalline mercuric oxide and the gases of decomposed nitrous anhydride. Mercurous nitrate is also the main product of the decomposition of mercurous nitrite at about 200°, but in this case the nitrate occurs principally as a pseudo-sublimate, derived from the vapours of the decomposing nitrite (Proc.,1903, 19, 78 ;Trans., 1903, 83, 491).DISCUSSION. Dr. DIVERSsaid that, in order to understand the production of mer- curous nitrate and nitric oxide from mercuric nitrite, it was necessary (1) to bear in mind that nitric peroxide acts freely on metallic silver to form nitrate and nitric oxide, and has no action whatever on silver nitrite, and that silver nitrate heated with nitric oxide, even at tem-peratures well below 200°, interacts with it to form nitrite and nitric peroxide; (2) to assume the same to be true of mercurous nitrite and nitrate; and (3) to refer to the decomposition by heat of mercurous and silver nitrites. Silver nitrite, heated only moderately, behaves almost like mercuric nitrite, except that half the silver is left in the metallic state, But when it is decomposed rapidly, the silver nitrate produced is small in quantity, most of the silver being left in the metallic state and much nitric peroxide escaping. When mercurous nitrite is heated, the ultimate products are also mercurous nitrate and nitric oxide, together with about half of the metal in the free state.But here, visibly, the first products are, for the most part at least, metal and nitric peroxide, which then, at some distance off, interact to form mercurous nitrate and nitric oxide. It can, therefore, hardly be doubted that the products of decomposition of two molecules of mercuric nitrite by heat are represented by 2Hg+4N02,which then become (HgN03),+2N0, without much loss by vaporisation at the relatively low temperature at which the salt decomposes.”47. “Note on the higher glycerides.” By James Ballantyne Hannay. The higher glycerides, as represented by purified stearin, olive oil, linseed oil, castor oil, cotton-seed oil, rape oi1,and earth-nut oil, are all capable of entering into direct combination with lead oxide, the 59 new compounds being formed by heating the oils with excess of finely-divided litharge at 1'70" to 180' and dissolving out the product with chloroform, petroleum, or carbon tetrachloride. The substance obtained resembles wax and has no sharp melting point; it begins to soften at 120", becomes viscous at 150" to 160", and is quite limpid at 190O.It commences to boil and decompose at about 280°, the temperature varying a few degrees according ta the oil used. In the case of the olein derivative, the composition may be repre- sented by the formula C3H,0,iPb,(C18H,,0,)3, where the three atoms of lead are seen to replace six atoms of hydrogen, three in molecules of glycerol, and three in those of oleic acid. This compound probably represents the first step in saponification by lead oxide. The oleic acid derivative, when dissolved in ether, is decomposed by cold water in the following manner : glycerol and a basic lead oleate being thereby produced.Lead glyceryl oleate and the corresponding stearate, linoleate, and ricino- leate resemble mercury thymyl acetate in forming a double compound with lead acetate. The foregoing compounds are stable and not affected by fractional precipitation, neither is the lead displaced by metallic sodium, phos- phoric oxide, or sulphur trioxide. The free linkings of the unsaturated glycerides were unaffected by the combination with lead oxide, for the iodine number remained unchanged. The combination of the lead glyceryl oleate with sulphur chloride is similar to the products obtained from the unsaturated glycerides in general. An examination of the action of sulphur chloride on oils showed that with due precaution the sulphur chloride additive compound was identical in type with the substances obtained by the addition of bromine, iodine, and oxygen. The sulphur chloride saturated the free linking, thus behaving as it bivalent radicle.The oxygen absorption was determined for the same oils, and the results of all these com- binations have been tabulated. During these invesbigations, no evidence has been obtained of the existence of Hnzura's linolenic or isolinolenic acid with six free link- ings (with eighteen in the triglyceride) ;all the iodine numbers are well under the limit for pure linoleic acid with four free linkings, this deficiency being due to the presence of oleic or other acid of a more saturated type. Experiments were ma.de with numerous samples from which the acid had been obtained by three different methods, but only linoleic acid with four linkings was obtained, this result agreeing with that of 60 Reformatzky, who could find no evidence of the existence of acids with six free linkings.The author showed that Hazura’s method of separation with alka-line permanganate has a very variable effect, the oxidation proceediug further than the formation of hydroxy-acids. Hence it is concluded that no acid with an iodine number higher than that corresponding with four free linkings exists in natural oil. *48. ‘‘ Isomeric change of diacylanilides into acylaminoketones. Transformation of the dibenzoyltoluidines into the isomeric benzoylaminomethglbenzophenones.” By Frederick Daniel Chattaway and William Henry Lewis.It has been shown recently that acyl groups must be included among those which, under suitable conditions, can pass from the nitrogen of an aromatic amine into the nucleus, displacing a hydrogen atom in a para-or ortho-position relatively to the nitrogen. An excellent illustration of this intramolecular rearrangement is furnished by the behaviour of the dibenxoyltoluidines,which at a high temperature under the influence of hydrogen chloride are converted into the isomeric benzoylaminomethylbenzophenones, thus : N( COPh), NH*COPh N( COPh), NH-COPh /)Me --+ 0.0 and 1 /\\ 1 -+ I /)COPh I/’\M’ \/ \/ ’\/\/ \/ COPh Me Me In the transformation of dibenzoyl-o-toluidine, when the acyl group might take up a para-or an ortho-position relatively to the nitrogen, the former is assumed, apparently exclusively.In the transformation of dibenzoyl-p-toluidine, an ortho-position only is available. As in the case of the analogous transformation of the acylchloro. amirmes, interchange between the p-hydrogen atom and the acyl group takes place more readily than that in which the hydrogens in the ortho-positions are concerned. The yield of 4-un~ino-5-naeth~ZbenzopT~enoneis about 50 per cent. a boutand that of 2-n??2.ino-5-metl~yZben~op~~~one 20 per cent. calculated on the weight of the corresponding toluidine used. These hitherto unknown aminoketones were described together with a number of their more important derivatives. 61 *49.‘‘The action of ethyl P-iodopropionate on ethyl disodioethane- tetracarboxylate.” By Oswald Silberrad. The investigation of the interaction between ethyl P-iodopropionate and ethyl disodioethanetetracarboxylatehas led to the discovery of the following new compounds : Bthyl butane-ayy66-~entacarbozylate, C02(C2H5)*CH,*CH2*C(C02*C,H5)~~CH(CO~*C~~~)2, boils at 215-218’ under 17 mm. pressure and yields haloid derivatives which readily give rise to a lactonic acid. Butane-ayy66-pentacarboxylicacid, C02H*CH,*CH2*C(C0,H)2*CH(CO,H),, readily loses carbon dioxide, forming butane-a$-tricarboxglic acid, which melts at 122’, and not at 116-120’ as previously given (Auvers, Kobner, and Megenburg, Ber., 1891, 24, 2895). Ethyl Ab-dihydromuconate (A -butylenedicarboxylate), CO,(C2H,)*C!H,*CH:CH.CH,.C02’C,H,, boils at 120-125’ under 17 nim.pressure. The formation of this substance, which constitutes one of the minor fractions, is probably due to the condensation of two molecules of ethyl /3-iodopropiouate with loss of hydriodic acid. Hexane-ayysS~-:-l~excccarbox;ylicacid mas obtained by the saponification of the corresponding ester, which, however, mas not isolated in a pure condition ;the constitution of the acid was established by its conver-sion, with loss of carbon dioxide, into hexane-ay6l-tetracarboxylic acid, which latter appears to be identical with Sell and Easterfield’s aa-diglutaric acid. Ethyl ethylenetetracarboxylate, (C0,*C2H,),C:C(C02*C2H5),, is also produced in small quantities, and was identified by conversion into its acid potassium salt.Its formation is probably due to the action of iodine, produced by the decomposition of ethyl P-iodopropionate, on ethyl disodioethanetetracarboxylate. ‘50. “The heat of formation of glucinum chloride.” By James Holms Pollok. This research was undertaken in order to obtain the heat of formation of glucinum chloride direct from the metal, for this con-stant is required in calculating the heats of formation of the other salts of glucinum from the heats of neutralisation of the various acids by the base glucina. A sample of ground beryl from Limoges was employed in the pre- 62 paration of pure glucina, and this oxide was converted into the anhy- drous chloride by heating with carbon (from cane sugar) in a current of dry chlorine, the metal being finally obtained from the salt by the action of metallic sodium in a nickel crucible.On dissolving the metal in hydrochloric acid contained in a calori-meter, it was found that the heat of formation of glucinum chloride in solution was 199.5 calories. The heat of solution of the anhydrous chloride in water is 44.5 calories, and deducting this from the fore-going number, the heat of formation of dry anhydrous glucinum chloride is found to be 155 calories. “51. ‘‘ A note on the composition of distilled oil of limes and a new sesquiterpene.” By Herbert Edward Burgess and Theodore Henry Page. The authors have isolated and identified I-terpineol (m.p. 35’) as forming a large proportion of the oxygenated constituents of the oil. The peculiar odour of the oil which is attached to the terpineol frac- tion is due to an isomeric liquid terpineol of slightly lower boiling point. A cew sesquiterpene of partially olefinic nature was also identi- fied, which boils at 131°/9 mm. and at 262-263’ (uncorr.)/756 mm., in the latter case, with slight decomposition ; it has a sp. gr. 0.873 at 15’ and is optically inactive; nDis 1-4935 at 15O, and 1.4910 at 19.5”. The sesquiterpene, for which the name “Zinzene” is proposed, was characterised by the formation of a trihydrochloride (m. p. 79-SOo) ; this was the only well-defined derivative obtained, and from it the hydrocarbon can be readily regenerated.The same sesquiterpene has been identified in hand-pressed lime oil and lemon oil, and the other oils of this series are being examined for it. 52. (‘The nature of a solution of iodine in aqueous potassium iodide.” By Charles Hutchins Burgess and David Leonard Chapman. Jakowkin (Zeit.physikal. Chenz., 1894, 13, 529 ; 1896, 20, 14) has shown that the distribution of iodine between carbon disulphide and an aqueous solution of potassium iodide of varying concentration accords with the assumption of a dissociable compound KI,. Dawson’s observations (Trans., 1901, ’79,238), conducted at a different temperature, confirm this conclusion. The work of the authors has been directed towards the measurement of the relative velocities of --the I-and I,-ions by two independent methods ;firstly, by a careful 63 comparison of the iodine carried over to the anode by the same current in cells containing respectively aqueous potassium iodide and a solution of iodine in aqueous potassium iodide, and, secondly, by a comparison of the conductivities of the same solutions. The mean values of the relative velocities of the I,-and I-ions, determined by the first and second methods, are 0.556 and 0.553 respectively.These practically identical results, obtained by two different processes, are regarded as confirming the conclusions of previous observers. A new and symmetrical method of writing the equilibrium equations of the foregoing solution was suggested. 53. ('The reduction of 2 :6-dinitrotoluene with hydrogen sulphide." By Julius Berend Cohen and Joseph Xarshall.In the course of an experiment in which 2 :6-dinitrotoluene was reduced with hydrogen siilphide in alcoholic ammonia, a quantity of 2-nitro-4-amino-m-cresol was obtained together with 6-nitro-o-toluidine. The nitroaminocresol crystallises in dark orange needles, which dissolve readily in dilute acids and alkalis, and melt at 190" with decomposition ; it forms colourless salts with the mineral acids and is precipitated from its solution in alkalis by carbon dioxide. On oxidation with lead peroxide and dilute sulphuric acid, it yields 2-nitrotoluquinone, which crystallises in ruby-red prisms melting at 64-65', and is converted into 2-nitrotoluquinol by reduction with sulphur dioxide ;the latter crystallises in scarlet needles melting at 117-118' and dissolving in aqueous alkalis to a violet solution.A solution of bleaching powder in the presence of hydrochloric acid converts nitroaminocresol into chloronitrotoluquinone, which crystal- lises in pale yellow, spear-shaped crystals melting at 70-71". The nitroaminocresol is formed by the incomplete reduction of 2 :6-dinitro-toluene to 6-nitro-o-tolpIhydroxylaminein the same way that trinitrobenzene and trinitrotoluene are converted into the hydroxyl- amino-compounds (Cohen and Dakin, Trans., 1902, 81, 26). The hydroxylamine derivative, on boiling with dilute hydrochloric acid, changes into the corresponding p-aminocresol : Me Me NO,/)NH-OII NO,,/\N H, -+ OH! ' \/ \/ 54.''Acid esters of methylsuccinic acids." By William Arthur Bone, John Joseph Sudborough, and Charles Henry Graham Sprankling. The methyl hydrogen salts of succinic, cis-and trarts-s-dimethyl- succinic, and tetramethylsuccinic acids have been obtained by the addition of methyl alcohol to the corresponding anhydrides ; they melt respectively at 58', 38O, 49' and 63". The methyl hydrogen salts of the unsymmetrical monomethyl- succinic, gent-dimethylsuccinic, and trimethylsuccinic acids have been prepared by three distinct methods : (a) from the anhydride, (b) from the neutral ester, and (c) from the acid. The oily products obtained by all three methods from methylsuccinic acid, give practically the same dissociation and esterification constants.From gem-dimethylsuccinic acid, two distinct acid methyl esters have been obtained ;one of these melts at 52' and has a lower dissociation, and also a lower esterification constant than its isomeride, which melts at 40.5'. The methyl hydrogen salts obtained from trimethylsuccinic acid are oils, the esters obtained from the anhydride and from the acid appear to be identical, but differ from the oil obtained from the neutral ester as regards their dissociation and esterification constants. The results obtained indicate that there is no direct relationship between the two sets of constants. The esterification constant tends to decrease with an increase in the number of methyl groups present.Walker's generalisation with respect to the dissociation constants does not hold good, as in the succinic series the ratio --:-acid increases from 2-12 for succinic K acid ester acid to 27.0 for tetramethylsuccinic acid. The value for a in Weg- scheider's equation, CLK=Ka +KP, gradually decreases from 0,945for succinic acid to 0.074 for tetramethylsuccinic acid. 55. ('A note on phenyldimethylallylammonium compounds." By Alfred William Harvey. Before the publication of a paper by H. 0. Jones (Trans., 1903, 83, 1400), the author had attempted to resolve phenyldimethylallgl-ammonium compounds in to active constituents. His results, although differing in important details, confirm the conclusions deduced by Barrowcliff and Kipping (Trans., 1903, 83, 1141) and by Jones (ZOC.cit.). 65 56. “Estimation of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of potassium persulphate, by means of potassium permanganate.” By John Albert Newton Friend. A correct estimate of the amount of hydrogen Feroxide present in a mixture of that substance and potassium persulphate solution is not given under ordinary conditions by titration with potassium perman- ganate, the values obtained being always too low. Tt is found that the proportion of permanganate required to de-compose the hydrogen peroxide is subject to the following variations : (1) it increases with the speed of titration, (2) it varies inversely with the the concentration of the persulphate and the volume of the titrated solution, (3) it increases and finally reaches the theoretical amount when the concentration of the sulphuric acid is increased.A fairly accurate estimation may therefore be obtained if the time of titration is short and the volume titratod is small, whilst the con- centration of the sulphuric acid is fairly great. 57. “A comparison of the products of the hydrolysis of potato starch with those obtained from cereal starches.” By James 0’sullivan. In this investigation, it was established by six series of hydrolytic experiments on potato, Lintner’s, malt, barley, maize, and rice starches, with both malt-extract and diastase, that the products of the hydro- lysis of potato starch, as regards the percentages of maltose and dextrin, bear no quantitative relationship to those yielded by the other starches, and that therefore the products of the hydrolysis of the other starches could not be inferred from the hydrolysis of potato starch.March 23rd, 1904. Annual General Meeting. Professor W. A. TILDEN,D.Sc., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Dr. G. BARGER were appointed scrutators, and Dr. S. B. SCHRYVER and the ballot was opened for the election of Officers and Council for the ensuing year, The President then presented the following Report on the state of the Society during the past twelve months : 66 REPORTOF THE COUNCIL. THECouncil are in the fortunate position of being abie to report that the Society continues to increase and flourish. At the date of the Annual General Meeting last year, the number of Fellows was 2,631 * ; since that date, 170 Fellows have been elected and three reinstated, making a gross total of 2,804.Of these, 23 have been removed for non-payment of subscriptions, and the elections of 2 have become void, 28 have resigned, and 17 have died, leaving a net total of 2,734 Fellows on our list. The names of the Fellows who have died are : H. G. Adshead. T. H. Dodd. C. James. J. 0. Alexander. T. W. Fletcher. T. A. Lawson. A. E. Barrows. W. Framcis. J. Mactear. Baron de Bush. H. B. Fulton. J. Reddrop, Samuel Clift. A. G. Hendry. G. H. Robertson. W. H. Corfield. T.Isherwood. The following Fellows have withdrawn : W. H. Barlow. W. Grafton. W. Round. W. M. Brothers. A. Hill. W. J. C. Scrutton.R. J. Brown. T. Lemmby. G. A. Shaw. A, Collenette. W. Lewins. E. A. Smith. W. Diamond. H. Macan. G. C. Thomson. J. R. Don. A. M. Martin. A. L. Thornton. D. Ferrier. J. A. Mathewe. G. A. Waterhouse. A. E. Garrod. J. Morieon. W. J. Williams. W. Goodall. A. A. Ramsay. A. W. Winterton. J. Robson. As in future Reports the accounts and other statistics of the Society will be given for the calendar year, the following data for the year 1903 may be of interest for purposes of comparison. The number of Fellows on January lst, 1903, was 2,607, and during the year 173 FeKows have been elected and 5 reinstated by the Council, making a gross total of 2,785. Of these, the Society has lost 16 by death, 46 from resignations, and 23 by removal for non-payment of subscriptions, giving the number of Fellows in the Society on December 31st, 1903, as 2,700. * Last year this number was incorrectly stated to be 2471 (Proc., 1903, 19, 81 ; Trans., 1903, 83,629).67 The Society has to lament the death of a distinguished Foreign Fellow, Professor Wladimir Markownikoff, on February 1lth, 1904. The small number of Fellows elected in the early days of the Society has been further reduced by the death of Dr. William Francis. The scientific work of the Society during the past session gives evidence of continued activity. Since the last Annual General Meeting, 163 scientific communications have been made to the Society, 107 of which have already been published in the Transactions, and abstracts of all have appeared in the Proceedings.During 1903, 181 scientific communications were made to the Society, 110 of which were published iu the Transactions for that year, abstracts of all appearing in the Pq*oceedingsfor 1903. The volume of Transactions for 1903 contains 142 memoirs occupy- ing 1,490 pages, whilst that for the preceding year contains 160 memoirs occupying 1,604 pages. The Journal for 1903 contains also 3,882 abstracts which may be classified as follows :-Part I. No. of Pages. Abstrncts. Organic Chemistry ................................. 872 1650 Part 11. General and Physical Chemistry ............... 471 Inorganic Chemistry .............................. 443 Mineralogical Chemistry ........................119 Physiological Chemistry. ......................... 39 1 Chemistry of Vegetable Physiology and Agri-culture .......................................... 242 Analytical Chemistry .............................. 566-768 2232 Total in Parts 1. and 11. .................. 1640 3882 In April last, Professor Emil Fischer was invited to give the Faraday Lecture in the autumn, and provisional arrangements were made for its delivery early in the present session. Much to the regret of the Council, continued ill-health has prevented Professor Fischer from fulfilling his intention, and for the present the hope of numbering him among the Faraday Lecturers has had to be abandoned. The Council are glad to be able to announce that Professor Ostwald will deliver the Faraday Lecture on Tuesday, April 19th, in tho Lecture Theatre of the Royal Institution, kindly lent by the Managers for the occasion.The Centenary of the Enunciation of the Atomic Theory by Dalton was celebrated by the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester in May last, and in company with Sir Henry Roscoe, Professor Thorpe, and Professor Frankland, Vice-presidents, Dr. Scott, Secretary, arid Sir William Ramsay, Foreign Secretary, the President attended the meeting, and presented an address in the name OF the Chemical Society. The triennial award of the Longstaff Medal to the Fellow of the Society who, in the opinion of the Council, has done the most to promote chemicaI science by research in the interval since the last presentation, was made, on the recommendation of the Research Fund Committee, to Professor W.J. Pope, F.R.S., for his researches on the st,ereochemistry of compounds of elements other than carbon. The Fifth International Congress of Applied Chemistry was held in Berlin in June last, and the President attended as the representative of the Society. An invitation to the Congress to hold its next meeting in London, given by the President of the Society of Chemical Industry, was supported by the President, but on a vote being taken Rome was chosen as the place of the meeting in 1905. The Council welcomed the opportunity of sending a letter of con-gratulation to their distinguished Foreign Fellow, Professor Mendeldeff, on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, which occurred on February 9th last.The increase in the use of the Library mentioned in last year’s report has been maintained, as 975 books were borrowed from the Library, as against 925 during the previous year. The additions to the Library comprise 115 books, of which 49 were presented, 268 volumes of periodicals, and 48 pamphlets; as against 84 books, 338 volumes of periodicals, and 23 pamphlets last year. The corresponding numbers for the year ending December 31st, 1903, are 991 books borrowed, the additions to the Library being 126 books, of which 51 were presented, 271 volumes of periodicals, and 43 pamphlets. The changes proposed in last year’s report with regard to the Library have now been carried out, and cases have been erected in one of the rooms in the basement for the storage of the less used books.These cases mill accommodate about 3,500 volumes, and so provide room for the growth of the Library for about seven years. An equal number of cases can be added at any future period without cost beyond that of the cases themselves. Mr. F. W. Clifford was appointed Librarian on July 1st. The Council regret to have to record the death, on May 10t.h, of Mr. Josiah Hall, who for twenty-fire years had been Collector to the Society, and who retired in 1895 with a pension of A130 a year. It was decided to grant to Mrs. Rall, his widow, an annuity of S30. The Society has been the fortunate recipient of two handsome busts in bronze of distinguished chemists, that of Liebig (a copy of the one in Munich) having been presented by Dr.Messel, and that of Dalton, which has been modelled from all available sources by Miss Levick, by Professor Thorpe. Two interesting photographs of portraits have also been received, one of Roger Bacon, presented by Mr. Oscar Guttmann, and one of Dr. Wm. Prout, F.R.S., from his son, the Rev. T. J. Prout. At an Extraordinary General Meeting of the Society held on July 2nd, the proposal of the Council to alter Bye-Law I. so that the annual publications of the Society should not be sent to Fellows who are in arrear with their subscriptions was unanimously approved. To give effect to this change in the Bye-Law, the Joumal is now issued to Fellows on the last day instead of the first day of the month. An extra number of the Transactions was issued on December 31st to provide for the publication of papers which would have appeared on January lst, 1904, under the old arrange- ment, and now that the change has been made the net result is that Fellows receive the monthly parts of the Journal a day earlier than heretofore.The first part (Authors’ Index) of the Collective Index for the decade 1893-1902, promised provisionally for 1904, was issued in January to those Fellows who had made application for it in accord- ance with the printed notices circulated with the monthly parts of the Journal since last July, and it is hoped that the subject index for the same period may be ready before the end of next year.The rapid publication of the Authors’ Index is due to the untiring energy and devotion of the Indexer, Mrs. Dougal, and has in no way interfered with the issue of the Annual Index at the end of February, which has been customary since she undertook the work involved in its prepara-tion. The Second Report of the Joint International Committee on Atomic Weights, which now includes Professor Moissan as the representative of France, with its revised table of atomic weights, has been issued to Fellows both in the Proceedilrzgs and in the Journal. The Council resolved that the rooms of the Society should be closed not later than 10.30 p.m. on those evenings on which meetings are held, and, as very few Fellows were found to use the Library on Saturday afternoons, it was further resolved that it should be closed at 2 p.m.on Saturdays from the beginning of the present year. Grants amounting in all to 3232 have been made during the year from the Research Fund, of which amount 215 has been returned. 70 The Council desires to record its deep sense of obligation to Dr. Horace T. Erown for the ability and patience with which he has discharged the duties of Treasurer during the past year. Finding on taking office that a complete reorganisation of the method of collecting the contributions of Fellows and of keeping the Accounts of the Society was immediately necessary, he did not shrink from the immense labour involved in establishing a new system and getting it into operation.The nature of the changes which have been made is explained below, and it is obvious that great sacrifices of time and of personal effort were involved in the process. It is, therefore, with the utmost regret that the Council has received from Dr. Brown an intimation that his engagements no longer permit him to retain office. In March last it was found that certain subscriptions and admission fees of Fellows which had apparently been paid had not been entered in the Books of the Society. An examination of the Books was made by a firm of Chartered Accountants, and on April 22nd, the late Assistant Secretary, who at that time was acting as Librarian and Curator, was dismissed. The Accountants subsequently reported that an investigation of the Society’s Books, carried back to March, 1895, showed that there mas an apparent deficiency amounting to 2,2306.The late Assistant Secretary, whilst not admitting the accuracy of the amount of the deficiency, has, up to the present, repaid to the Society sums amounting to 2,250. Hitherto, it has been customary for the Treasurer to close the Books of the Society a few days before the Annual General Meeting, and to make up the Accounts to a date as near to that of the Annual Meeting as possible. This arrangement has given rise to considerable inconvenience, owing in the first place to the short time allowed to complete the financial statements, and secondly to the impossibility of conforming strictly to that portion of Bye-Law VIII, which requires the Auditors to report to the Council at least one week before the Annual General Meeting.In future, therefore, the Treasurer will present his Accounts at the Annual Meeting made up to December 31st, instead of to some indeterminate day near the end of March, and these Acccunts will be drawn up in a somewhat different form from that previously adopted. A statement of the financial condition of the Society made up for the year ending December 31st last in this modified form accompanies this Report, including a Revenue and Expenditure Account and Balance Sheet, but the Treasurer has considered it advisable on this occasion to include for purposes of comparison another statement made out on exactly the old lines up to March 12th, and it is to this latter statement, which is comparable with the one of last year, that the following remarks apply.71 Thetotalincomeof the Society,fromMarch22nd, 1903, to March 12th. 1904, was $7276 16s. 5d., whilst the expenditure for the slme period was 2,6060 17s. 4d., showing an excess of income over expenditure of 2,1215 19s. Id., against a surplus last year of 2,S17 7s. Id. The comparison, however, is not a fair one, unless we adjust the figures in the respective years for the arrears of contributions in each case. Owing to the alteration in July last of Bye-Law I, by which Fellows who are in arrear with their subscriptions do not receive the publications of the Society, the annual contributions, which become due in January, have been paid up more punctually this year than usual.On March 22nd, 1903, the arrears amounted to &2316, whilst on March 12th this year they were 2.2008, a difference in favour of this year of 2,308. When this adjustment is made, the surplus of this year becomes $907 19s. Id. against &S17 7s. Id. last year, a result which may be regarded as highly satisfactory when we take into consideration certain large items of extraordinary expenditure which have been incurred this year, and which mill be alluded to later. The total amount received this year for Admission Fees, Life Com-positions, and Subscriptions is &5809 against L4776 last year, a difference in favour of this year of 21033.This, however, includes 3250 received on Account of Arrears of Subscriptions from the late Assistant Secretary, and, as already stated, the subscriptions this year are paid up more closely by 2,308. With these adjustments, the increased income this year from contributions of Fellows is 32475, about half of which is due to the unusually large number of Life Composition Fees. The sale of the Society’s publications, and the proceeds of the advertisements in the Journal have brought in aE40 9s. 4d. more than last year. With regard to investments, the Treasurer has to report that since the last General Meeting he has, with the authority of the Council, purchased on behalf on the Society 2,1500 of Transvaal 3 per cent. Guaranteed Stock. The investments on the General Account now stand at 318,909 0s.5d., whilst those of the Research Fund Account are valued at 2,6659 5s. 5d. The total expenditure this year shows the large increase of 2665 19s. 4d., which is due to certain large items of an exceptional nature. The balance of the cost of the first volume of the Decennial Index, 1893-1902, amounting to 2,386 9s. 7d., is chargeable against this year’s revenue, being an increase of 3254 5s. 3d. The completion of the Library Catalogue was announced in the Report of last year, but the main cost of 3156 16s. Od. has been borne by the present accouats. 72 The additional accommodation for books referred to in an earlier part of this Report has been provided at a cost of &128 29.4d. Two other large items of expenditure of an exceptional nature amouuting to 2228 1s. 6d. are included under Accountants’ and Legal charges, and are mainly attributable to the special investigation of the Society’s Accounts to 1895, to which reference has already been made above. It is satisfactory to notice that the expenses incidental to the publication of the Journal shorn a decrease this year of about 2100. The system of keeping the Treasurer’s accounts has undergone revision during the past year, the old system having been found in- sufficient for the present needs of the Society. At the request of the Council, Messrs. W. B. Keen and Co., Chart- ered Accountants, have opened up a new set of books, and have also undertaken to give the Treasurer a quarterly audit, and to assist in the preparation of the accounts for the Annual Statement.This arrangement, which guarantees skilled professional assistancy and a thorough checking of the accounts at frequent intervals, has now been in operation for some time, and will not entail any additional expense to the Society, as the appointment of a Treasurer’s Assistant is thereby rendered unnecessary. Arrangements have been made with Messrs. Coutts and Co., the Society’s Bankers, by which in future they will receive the contribu- tions of Fellows direct. Professor H. B. DIXONmoved the adoption of the report, which was seconded by Mr. E. W. VOELCKERand carried unanimously. Dr. SCOTT seconded, a vote of thanks to proposed, and Dr. PHILIP the Auditors, which was acknowleged by Dr.MOODY. The PRESIDENTthen delivered his address, which was devoted chiefly to a review of the scientific history of the Society since its foundation in 1841. The early volumes of the Memoirs of the Society contain papers by many eminent foreign chemists, such as that on “The Atomic Weight of Carbon,” by Professors Redten- bacher and Liebig, and the memoir on ‘‘ The Radical of the Cacodyl Series,” by Professor Bunsen. These and others, such as Frank-land’s paper on “The Isolation of the Organic Radicals,” indicate the general nature of the problems which occupied chemists in the early days of the Society. The Quarterly Journal, which, in 1849, succeeded the three volumes of Memoirs, contain many con-tributions by Hofmann, Williamson, Frankland, Kolbe, and Odling, but as it was the custom in those days for authors to send all their more serious work to the Royal Society, the Journal of the Chemical Society does not provide a continuous picture of the results of chemical investigation in this country. In 1862, the Quarterly 73 Journal was replaced by a monthly issue, and in 1863 a new series was commenced.At that period, language and formulae were alike governed by the then predominant theory of types. Modern views of constitution based on clearer ideas of vltlency were not definitely exhibited in the Journal till 1865, when Dr. Crum Brown’s paper appeared on “The Theory of Isomeric Compounds.” The change could, however, be accomplished only after agreement had been arrived at in reference to atomic weights. Stereochemical ideas, inaugurated in 1875 by Le Be1 and van’t Hoff, have reached their logical conclusion in the work of Pope.Other subjects traced through the successive volumes of the Journal are the spectroscope, the periodic scheme of classification, molecular weights, and the application of Avogadro’s law. The paucity of systematic research in the United Kingdom during so many years was referred to, and some of the causes which led to the publication of so few papers by the Society, and the rapid development of activity during the last twenty years. The address concluded with a suggestion for the publication by the Society of annual reports on the progress of chemistry in its several more important divisions.REYNOLDSProfessor EMERSON proposed a vote of thanks to the President, coupled with a request that he would allow his address to be printed in the Transactions. Mr. DAVIDHOWARDseconded the motion, which was carried by acclamation and acknowleged by the PRESIDENT. Professor DIVEBS proposed a vote of thanks to the Treasurer, Secre- taries, and Council. This was seconded by Mr. SPILLERand unani- mously adopted. Dr. SCOTTresponded. The Scrutators presented their report to the President, who declared the following to have been duly elected as Oficers and Council for the ensuing year : President: W. A. Tilden, D.Sc., F.R.S. Vice-Presidents who ?Lave filled the o$ce of President :H.E. Arm-strong, Ph,D., LL.D., F.R.S. ; A. Crum Brown, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S. ; Sir W. Crookes, F.R.S. ; James Dewar, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S. ; A. Vernon Harcourt, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S. ;H. Muller, Ph.D., LL.D., E.R.S.; W. Odling, M.A., M.B., F.R.S.; W. H. Perkin, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S. ;J. Emerson Reynolds, Sc.D., M.D., F.R.S. ;Sir H. E. Roscoe, LL.D., F.R.S.; W. J. Russell, Ph.D., F.R.S.; T. E. Thorpe, C.B., LL.D., F.X.S. ;A. W. Williamson, LL.D., F.R.S. 74 ‘CTice-Presidents: Horace T. Brown, LL.D., F.R.S. ; Harold B. Dixon, M.A., F.R.S. ;Wyndham R. Dunstan, M.A., F.R.S. ; P. F. Frankland, LL.D., F.R.S. ;David Howard ;Raphael Meldola, F.R.S. Secretaries :W. P. Wynne, D.Sc., F.R.S. ; M. 0. Forster, D.Sc., Ph.D.Foreign Secretury : Sir W. Ramsay, K.C.B., LL.D., F.R.S. Treccsurer:Alexander Scott, M.A., D.Sc., P.R.S. Other Members of Council : Augustus E. Dixon, 3I.D. ;J. J. Dobbie, AKA., D.Sc. ; Bernard Dyer, D.Sc. ;Alfred D. Hall, M.A. ;A. Harden, D.Sc., Yh.D.; J. T. Hewitt, MA., D.Sc.; C. A. Kohn, Ph.D., B.Sc. ; A. Lapworth, D.Sc. ;J. E. Marsh, M.A. ; E. J. Mills, D.Sc., F.R.S. ; S. Ruhemann, M.A., Ph.D. ; J. M. Thomsou, LL.D., F.R.S. ERRATA. PROC.,1904, VoI. 20. P. 51, line 2”, for “a-hZldroxzJhexahydroterephthnliedeid,” read “cis-a-hydro~y-l~exa7~ydroterephtkaiic acid.” * From bottom, THE FARADAY LECTURE. The Paraday Lecture will be delivered by Professor W. Osttvald on Tuesday, April 19th, 1904, at 8.30 p.m. Professor Ostwald dl lecture in English, the subject of his discourse being “Elements and Compounds.’’ The Lecture will be delivered, by the kind permission of the Managers, in the Theatre of the Royal Institution, 21, Albemarle Street, W.Admission will be by ticket only. Each Fellow of the Society is entitled to two tickets, which may be obtained on application to the Assistant Secretary, Chemical Society, Burlington House, W. At the next Ordinary Meeting, on Wednesday, April 20th, 1904, at 5.30 p.m., the following papers mill be communicated. ‘‘The vapour density of hydrazine hydrate.’‘ By Alexander Scott. ‘‘The combining volumes of carbon monoxide and oxygen.” ByAlexander Scott. R. CLAY AND SONS, LTD., BREAD sr. HILL, E.C. AND BUNGAQ, SUFE’OLK.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL9042000057
出版商:RSC
年代:1904
数据来源: RSC
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