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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 9, No. 130 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 9,
Issue 130,
1893,
Page 243-250
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摘要:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 130. Session 1893-94. December 7th, 1893. Dr. Armstrong, President, in the Chair. Messrs. E. A. Hancock and E. A. Warmington were formally ad- mitted Fellows o€ the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Henry Purefoy Fitz-Gerald, Wellington College, Berks ; Alfred Hutchinson, The Leys, Cambridge ; Frank Hughes, 27, Fairfield Road, Chelms- ford; Norman Leonard, 2A, Lorn Road, Brixton, S.W.; Arthur Luty, 30, Bryn-y-Mor Terrace, Swansea; A. H. Macdonald, The Green, Marlborough, Wilts ;David Paterson, Lea Bank, Roslin, N.B. ; J. Cardwell, Quinn, Woodcroft, Gateacre, near Liverpool ; Arthur ROBS,1, Glengall Road, Old Kent Road, S.E.; Walter Smithson Rowntree. 53, Grosvenor Road, London, S.W.; Richard A. Rouillard, 5, Dundonald Road Wimbledon, and Mauritins ; Charles Henry Smith, Re Bungalow, Nassau, Bahamas, W.I.; Alfred E. Tanner, 2, Bruce Grove, Tottenham ; Hamilton Marc Wingate, 3, Bucking-ham Street, Glasgow, W. The following were duly elected Fellows of the Society :-Frederic Edmund Bowman ; Harry Fielden Briggs ; Frank Browne ; John Dixon Brunton; C. M. Caines ; Thomas Petson Carswell ; Harry J. Chaney; Allan Thomas Cocking; John A. Craw; Charles Sordes Ellis; Alexander M. Forrester; Henry Garnett; W. H. Grieve; Harry Edwin Hadley ; Henry Ormsby Hale ; Harold Harris ; Wm. Hesketh; H. B. Holthouse; Bertram Hunt; W. F. Mawer; J. R. Morgan; F. Morton; George F. Payne; G. P. Rees; Thomas Anderson Reid ; Philip Schidrowitz ; W.Edgar Sims ; Frederick Shapley ; Robert Curley Styles ; Jocelyn Field Thorpe ; William 244 Herbert Walden ; Frank &.nest Welchman ; William Gilchrist White ; Edward Hnmphreys Winder ; Stanley Wyndham. Of the following papers those marked * were read :-*84. “An apparatus for the extraction and estimation of the gases dissolved in water.” By E. B. Truman,M,D. The apparatus described is so constructed that the air having been removed chiefly by means of a water pump and ultimately by a Sprengel mercury pump, a measured bulk of the water can then be introduced, if desirable without allowing it to come into contact with the air. The dissolved gases which spontaneously escape from the water can be pumped off, and the water can be subsequently heated so as to drive off any gas remaining dissolved and also the carbon dioxide fixed by carbonates.*85. “The magnetic rotation of hydrogen chloride in different solvents, and also of sodium chloride and of chlorine.” By W. H. Perkin, Ph.D., F.R.S. Experiments are described which have afforded results confirmatory of those previously published by the author. It is shown that when isoamylic oxide is nearly saturated with hydrogen chloride at temperatures between 0” and 25”, no appreciable interaction takes place, the values obtained by direct weighing agreeing with those afforded by titration with alkali ; action takes place only very slowly between the two substances at ordinary temperatures. Hydrogen bromide acts far more rapidly on isoamylic oxide.It is fnrther shown that hydrogen chloride acts extremely slowly on ethylic and isoamylic alcohols at ordinary temperatures. Hydrogen chloride when dissolved in these alcohols has a higher molecular rotation than when dissolved in iaoamylic oxide, the value being, howcvcr, than that afforded by aqueous solutions, thus :-In aqueous solution ................ 4.300 In alcoholic solution.. .............. 3.324 In isoamylic oxide ................. 2.245 The molecular magnetic rotation of sodium chloride was found to be 4.080 in the solid state, and 5.068 in aqueous solution. The value obtained for chlorine, using a solution in carbon tetra- chloride, was 2.188, which is considerably higher than the value calculated from compounds such as propyl chloride (1.733).245 *86.“Analysis of water from the Zem-Zem well in Mecca.” By C. A. Mitchell, B.A.(Oxon!), King’s College, London. Through the kindness of Lady Burton I have been enabled to make an analysis of water from the Zem-Zem well in Mecca, which was obtained from the well by the late Sir Richard Burbon, disguised as a pilgrim dervish, in 1853. The Zem-Zem well, according to tradition, is the well of Hagar, and is used for no other purpose than for drinking and religions ablution. Each pilgrim to Mecca is anxious to drink and bathe in the water, but as there is not sufficient for all the following device is adopted :-An Arab standing on the wall of the well draws the water up and pours it over the pilgrims as, stripped to the waist, they ad- vance in turn.As it pours over him each drinks what he can, and the remainder runs down, soaking through the loin cloth, back into the well to be used again on succeeding pilgrims. If this practice has been continued day after day and year after year it is not sur-prising to find that the water is very rich in chlorine and albuminoid ammonia, and that the solid residue is large in amount. The sample examined was contained in two small hermetically sealed tin bottles, which had remained untouched since Sir Richard Burton brought them from Mecca. Each held about 200 C.C. On opening them there was a slight evolution of gas. In each case there were minute silky crystals in suspension, and a few earthy particles settled at the bottom.These crystals, on examination, proved to be a tin compound, probably stannic hydrate, as they were unaltered on evaporating with strong nitric acid, and, after fusing them with pure sodium carbonate, no trace of chloride or sulphate could be detected in the solution. These foreign matters being filtered off, a clear and colourless filtrate was left, having a slight smell, more perceptible on warming, and distinctly alkaline to litmus paper. Neither tin nor lead was found in this solution. The relative density of the water at 14”was 1.0029. On analysis the following numbers were obtained :-Grains per gullon. Parts per million. j Hardness I in terms of1 1 1 Nitrogen Total Free and 1 Albuminoid MgC03.fromand nitrites.nitrates solids.“lorine* saline NH,. 1 NHB. , The hardness in degrees of CaCO, = 45-05, but as the water was 246 found to contain very little calcium and large quantities of mag-nesium, the hardness is given in terms of the latter, although prob- ably it is mainly due to chlorides and sulphates. The oxidised nitrogen present, determined by Lunge's nitrometer, was 4.496 grains per gallon = 19.91 grains NO,. On igniting the residue, white fumes from ammonium salts were given off, while the residue browned consiclerably and lost in weight an amount corresponding to 35.5 grains per gallon. The following are the quantities of some of the constituents of the water actually determined, and calculated on 219.5 grains of total solids to the gallon.SiO, .......................... 3.0 A1 ............................ 0.8 Ca ............................ 0.5 Mg............................ 6.6 K ............................ 24.3 Na.. .......................... 38.3 NH, .......................... 5.3 C1 ............................ 69.3 SO, ........................... 30.7 NO, ........................... 19.9 Professor Crookshank was kind enough to make an exhaustive bacteriological examination of some of the water, but was unable to discover any trace of living organisms. The water was sterile, as might well be expected, after its having been hermetically sealed and in total darkness during forty years.87. ''The preparation and properties of bromolapachol." By Samuel C. Hooker. The author shows that altkough bromolapachol cannot be prepared by the direct action of bromine on lapachol ; it is readily obtained by reducing dibromolapachone, the preparation of which he has pre-viously described (Trans.,1893, 424) Bromolapachol crystallises in golden scales melting at 170-172" ; it yields bromo-/?-lapachone when dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid. Bromo-p-lapachone closely resembles lapachone in its behaviour, being converted into bromo-a-lapachone by the action of bromhydric acid ; the latter compound being reconverted into the former by dissolving it in concentrated sulphuric acid. Bromo-a-lapachone is a pale yellow substance melting at 178"; the isomeric p-compound is orange-red, and melts at about 205O.247 0-1 0 Bromo-8-lapachone. Bromo-a-lapachone. 88. “Studies on citrazinic acid. Part 11.” By T. H. Easterfield and W. J, Sell. The authors find that when diammonic citrate is heated during several hours at 130” in an open vessel, about 6 per cent. of citrazinic acid is produced. The ethylic saJt of citrazinic acid yields the am- monium salt of citrazinamide when heated in a sealed tube with strong ammonia. Sodium amalgam reduces citrazinamide, ChHpN02.CONH2, to citrazinyl alcohol, C5H4NO2*CH20H,a small quantity of the corre- sprnding hydrobenzoin being simultaneously produced; this behaviour is analogous to that of the amides of aromatic acids. The alcohol crystallises from water in monohydrated, colourlees prisms, melting at 158”; its solution is very acid to litmus.89. “The oxides of the elements and the periodic law,” ByR. M.Deeley. The author discusses the properties of the oxides of the elements in connection with the modified periodic arrangement of the elements described in his previous communication (Trans., June, 1893). In the diagram which accompanied that paper the “ volume heats ” and ‘‘ volume atoms ” of the elements were plotted as ordinates, the abscissae being the atomic weights. Similarly a diagram has now bcen prepared, in which the ordinates are numbers obtained by dividing the relative densities of the oxides by the atomic weights of the corre- sponding elements. The results obtained are, in general, confirmatory of those deduced from the previous diagram, and lead to a,somewhat similar periodic table, although the arrangement differs in several im- portant respects from that proposed by MendelBef.90. “The freezing points of alloys in which the solvent is thallium.” By (3. T. Heycock and F. H. Neville. The addition of lead to thallium raises the freezing point. The atomic falls caused by gold, silver, and platinum in thallium are closely accordant, the mean value being 6.31” as that due to 1‘atomic proportion dissolving in 100 atomic proportions of thallium ; with 248 the aid of this value, the latent heat of fusion of 1gram of thallium is calculated to be 5.12 calories. Bismuth exhibits the phenomena of a triple alloy, probably owing to the presence of impurity in the thallium.ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Studies from the Physical and Chemical Laboratories of the Owens College. Edited by A. Schuster and H. B. Dixon. Vol. I. Physics and Physical Chemistry. Manchester 1893. From the Editors. Laboratory Teaching in Practical Chemistry. By C. L.Bloxam ; edited by A, G. Bloxam. 6th Ed. London 1893. From the Editor. Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen, herausgegeben von H. Landolt und R.Bornstein. Zweite Adage. Berlin 1893. Prom the Editors. Index tcothe Literature of Explosives. By C. E. Munroe. Part 2. Baltimore 1893. From the Compiler. Srnithsoniari Miscellaneous Collections. 844. Meteorclogical Tables.Washington 1893. From the InRtitution. Undersokningar ofver Svafvelurinamnens Fiirhallande till. Oxida- tionsmedel, af D. S. Hector. Upsala 1892. From the Author. Rules for the Estimation of Alcohol in Imported Spirits, by C. J. H. Warden. Calcutta 1892. Prom the Author. Chemical Rccreations : a popular compendium of Experimental Chemistry for the use of Beginners, by J. J. Griffin. 9th Ed. London 1849. Prom Dr. T. Stevenson. Micro-organisms and Fermentation, by A. Jorgensen. Translated from the 3rd German edition by A. K. Miller and E. A. Lennholm. London 1893. From the Author.. IJ. By Purchase. La Chimie au moyen Age, par M. Berthelot. Trois tomes. 4to. Paris 1893. Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, von G. Tschermak. 4te Auflage. TVien 1693.Die Untersuchung des Zuckers und xuckerhaltiger StoBe, von E. Steydn. Wien, Pest und Leipzig 1893. Arbeitsmethoden fur Orgariiscli-C hernische Laboratorien, vou Lamar-Colin. 2te Auflage. Hamburg und Leiyxig 1893. 249 Specielle Methoden der Analyse ; Anleitung zur Anwendung physikalischer Methoden in der Chemie, von G. Kriiss. Hamburg und Leipzig 1893. Physikalisch-chemische Methoden, von J. Traube. Hamburg und Leipzig 2893. Physikalisches Pmktikurn ; mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der physikalisch-chemischen Methoden, von E. Wiedemann und H. Ebert. Brnunschweig 1893. Die Phasenregel und ihre Anwendungen, von W. Meyerhoffer. Leipzig und Wien 2893. Ueber die Entwickelung der Thierfarben-Indnstrie, von H. Caro. Berlin 1893.Trait6 de Chimie M6dicnle et Pharmaceutique, par R. Huguet. Chimie Min6rale. Paris 1833. Tabellarische Uebersicht der Naphthalin-Derivate, von F. Reverdin und H. Fulda. Zwei Theile. $to. Basel, Geuf, Lyon, 1893. Tabelleii zum Gebrauche bei der Berechnung des Eohzucker-Rende- ments, von W. Bartz. Braunschweig 1893. Grundriss der allgemeinen Thermo-chemie, von M. Planck. Breslau 1893. 250 At the next meeting, on December 21st, the Eollowing pzpers will he 13ead:- “The oxidation products of corydaline.” By Professor Dobbio and Mr. Alexander Lauder. “Note on the colouring matter of the Indian dye-stuff ‘Tesu.’ ” By Professor Hummel and Dr. W. Cavallo. “The interaction of acid chlorides and nitrates.” By Dr. Arm-strong and Mr. Lapworth. HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTEBS IN OBDINABY TO HER MAJESTT, ST. MARTIN’S T.ANB.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8930900243
出版商:RSC
年代:1893
数据来源: RSC
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