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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 9, No. 122 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 9,
Issue 122,
1893,
Page 73-98
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摘要:
Issued 11/4jl893. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No.122. Session 1892-93. March 16th, 1893. Dr. W. H. Perkin, F.R.S., Vice-president, in the Chair. Messrs. Edgar E. Horvill and Edward Brooke were formally ad- mitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Ralph Edward Brown,Permnporth, Truro, Cornwall; William Robert Burnett, Wiesbaden, Rollupitiga Road, Colombo, Ceylon ; Joshua Buchaiian, 63, West Cuniberland Street, Glasgow ; Robert Cecil T. Evans, Swan’s Nest, Stratford-on- Avon ; Sorabji Manekji Raka, M.R.C.S., Karachi, Sind, India ; Raffaello Nasini, Padua ; Johii Wilkinson, Gas Works, Drighlington, Yorks. Of the following papers those marked * were read :-‘131. “The limits of accuracy of gold bullion assaying, and the losses of gold incidental to iLJJBy T.K.Rose.Some of the causes of the errors in the assay of gold bullion by hhe ordinary method are referred to, and it is shown that-1. A higher degrce of accuracy is attained if the weighings be made with the precautions recommended by Kohlraiisch and others on a balance indicatiiig differences of 0.01 per 1000 (5 gram), instead of 0.05 per 1000, which is the smallest difference shown on ordinary assay balances. 2. Differences either in the amount of copper present to the extent of only 16 parts per 1000 of alloy, or in the amount of silver added to the extent of 3 per cent., produce alterations in the “ surcharge ” of about 0.05 and 0.1 per 1000 respectively : the “ surcharge ’’ being the 74 difference in weight between the gold existent in the assay piece originally taken and the cornet finally obtained ; it is the algebraical sum of the gold lost and the silver remaining undissolved by the acids.The reduction in the surcharge due to the presence of anti- mony, zinc, tellurium, iron or nickel is also given. It therefore follows that, in oi*der to ensure accuracy, check assays must be made on alloys of the same composition as those under exam ination. 3. The want of uniformity of temperature ordinarily prevailing ill the muffle furnace during cupellation causes variations in the SUF-charge. The temperatures of' the different parts of a muffle at the Royal Nint were taken duriilg cupellation by a thermoelectric pyro- meter-consist8ing of a platinum and rhodioplatinum couple-on three occasions, from which it appears that the ineaii temperature of the muffle was 1063.7".At this temperature, a rise of about 5' is found to be accompanied by a reduction in the surcharge of about 0-01 per 1000. If attention be paid to these points, the gold in bullion OF a high degree of purity can be determined within a range of +0.02 per 1000, the limits of accuracy having been previously considered to be +O-lO per 1000. This extreme degree of accuracy is only possible iP the check gold be pure. In the second part of the paper, the losses of gold in bullion assay- ing are estimated. They are due to (1) absorption by the cupel ; (2) volatilisation iu the muffle ; (3) dissolution in the parking acid.The rcsults of a number of assays are giren, the gold having been in each case recovered from the cupcls and acids, and, after the gold so recovered has been allowed for, the loss by volatilisation is esti-mated by difference. The losses, in parts per 1000, observed in the assay of standard gold (916.6 fine) were- A. B. C. Iu cupel . ..... . 0.513 0.36 0.51 ,, 1st acid. .... ? 0.01 0.03 77 2nd ,, .... . 0-012 0.02 Ow4 Volatilised ..... 0.075 0.05 0.06 Total loss.. 0.60 0.44 0.64 A and B are means of four, and C a mean of three, determinations. Other results are also given. The determination of the amount of gold *olatilised is only approxi-mate, as the result obtained represents the algebraical sum of the errors in several estimations added to the true amount.However, it probably usually lies between 0.05 and 0.1 per 1000. 75 #132. “The volatilisation of gold.” By T. K. Rose, The loss of gold involved in the fusion of the pure metal and its xlloys was investigated by subjecting small test pieces of from 0.3 to 2 grams in weight to a high temperature under rarying condit,ious on bone-ash cupels placed in a muffle. The work may be considerc4 to be a continuation of the researches of James Napier (J. Chem. Sw., 10,229 ; 11, 171). The temperatures varied from 1045” to 1300’, and were measured by either a platinum and rhodioplntin~im coilpie or the optical pyrometer devised by M.le Chatelier. The losses of gold could not be measured by the alteration of the mass of the test, pieces in the ninffle owing toabsorption o€gases, which sensibly aug-ment the weight of the gold buttons. The true loss was found by assaying the buttons after fusion. A cousiderable number of results are quoted. The chief points of interest to which attention is drawn are that :-1. An increase in the loss of gold takes place when the tempera- ture is high, pure gold losing four times as much at 1245’ ah nt 1090”. 2. A large amount of gold is volittilised in an atmosphere mainlp consisting of carbonic oxide, while a small amount is lost iu coal ,ofis. 3. A comparatively small amount of gold is carried away by the more volatile metals, copper appearing to exert an exceQtionn1 action ; metals which are easily volatilised do not appear to be completely driven off by the highest temperatures attained in the experiments.4. A large proportion of gold is lost in the case of alloys which form flat buttons on the cupel, and, conversely, a small proportion is lost from spherical ones, although the surface actually exposed is greater in the latter case than in the former. A current of air or gas passing over the buttons does not seem to increase the loss, pro-vided the surface of the molten metal remain at rest. These results point to the conclusion that the conditions which lower the surface tension of the gold button simultaneously raise the vapour pressure of the gold. D~scrrss~os.Professor ROBERTS-AUSTENsaid that, prior to the last few weeks, he should certainly have considered that, the accuracy of an assay of gold was comprised within a range of +_2/10,000. Mr. Rose had, however, tracked the errors to tlreir respective sources, and lrad shown that a still higher de,gree of accuracy can be attained in ordi- nary work. It was not n little remarkable that nlthough Princep (one of the best Assay Masters who ever held that important office) 76 hiid clearly indicated in 1827 the importance of knowing the rnria-tioiis of temperature in an assay muffle, no one had attacked tlie problem until Mr. Rose took it in hand. Although aueetions coil- nectcd with assaying did not often come before tlie Society, they we~ematters to which the fathers of chemistry had given much atten- tion.He might remind the Society that, apart from their scientific interest, tliese minute questions connected with assaying assumed con- siderable industrial importance. During his connection with the Mint, extending over more than 20 years, he had been yesponsible for the standard pureness oE more than 600 tons of gold, the value of which was over 80 millions sterling. As regards the number of assays made, he and his two colleagues, the Assistant Assayei-s, had made in tlie past year no fewer than 30,000 assays of gold, and they had every wason to believe that their average accuracy was 1/10,00Oth part. "133. "Note on the boiling point of nitrous oxide at atmospheric pressure, and on the melting point of solid nitrous oxide." ByWilliam Ramsay, F.R.S., and John Shields, Ph.D., B.Sc.The boiling point of the liquid nitrous oxide was found by means of a, constant volume thermometer filled with hydrogen to be -89.8" ; and trhe melting point, of the solid to be -102.3". The method adopted is one in which the errors due to the gas in the stem of the tliei.niorneter not being at the same temperatore as that, in the bulb aild to the alteration of the capacity of the bulb by change of tcniperat ure are el i min ate d. *134."The iscmerism of the paraffinic aldoximes." By WyndhamR. Dunstan and T. S. Dymond. Several attempts have been made during recent years to obtain evidence of an isomerism in the series of paraffinic aldoxirnes similar to that which has been observed and studied in a number of the cor- responding benzenoid derivatives.These attempts have so far been unsuccessfd, and, in fact, it has been concIuded from the recent, cxpzriments of Dollfus (Ber., 1892, 1908) that paraffinic aldox- iines exist only in one form. The fact that t,he paraffinic aldoximes were, until recently, known only in the liquid condition has, how- ever, made such enquiries difficult if not inconclusive. The problem lias assumed a new aspect since the authors' discovery that acetaldoxime could be crystalliscd, and that whelz heated for some time above their melting point (m. p. 46.5")the crptals gradually undergo isomeric change into a niodificatinn which i8 liquid at the ordinary temperature, but which, on cooling, slowly changes back aqwin into the crystalline form.The physical differences between the two isomerides are for tlie most part rery slight, there being but 77 small differences in their rclntive densities and magnetic rotations. Further experiments have been made in order. to compare these two modifications with the two isomeric benzaldoximes discovered by 13eckmant1, and, if possible, to determiue the nature of the isomerism. C:hemical experiments with the two modifications of acetaldoxime arc difficult to carry out, owing to their instability and especially to the circumstance that the liquid modification cannot be obtained fyec from its isomwide. When acted on by acetic anhydride neither modification furnishes any appreciable quanlity of acetonitrile, except at temperatures near 100".By working under conditions whereby the occiirrence of iso-meric change is miniinised, the crystalline acetaldoxime is converted by acetic anhydride into a liquid acetyl derivative which is so unsttible that it cannot be isolated in the pure state ; it decomposes when dis-tilled, even under reduced pressure. It is Iiydrolysed by water as well as by dilute allinlis, yieidiag acehic acid and the aldoxime. The liquid acetaldoxime alPo furnishes an acetyl derivative, which a\)-pnrentlg is identical with that obtained from the crystalline isomeritlo. In some cases the action of acetic anhydride on both modifications hiis led to the production of a small quantity of hy~.1.r)x:?lacetllZaZao,~~~/t~~ (dincrthydroxainic ncid), GU,C (0H)NO(C 0CEl3), a solid crj-btaiI iiic substance melting at 87.5". Both modifications of acetaldoxime are converted by hydrogen chloride into the same crystalline hydrochloride, (CH,CH:K.OH,HCI), a very hygroscopic substance.By the action of phosphoric chloride at a low temperature on an ethereal solution of the crjstalline acetttldoxirne a product is obtaiiithcl which on hydrolysis gives aminonin and acetic acid as well :IS metbylamine ancl lot mic acid. A determination of the quantity tll:it is foimed of each of these substances has shown that 90 per cent. of the aldoxime is converted into a>inmonia and acetic acid, ancl tlic: remainder into methylamine aud formic acid.When acted on by phosplioric chloride at a higher temperature, the liquid acetaldoxime is converted into a product whic!i on hydrolysis furnishes the sattic! products as the crystalline modificat.on, and in almost the s:Linc propor tion. On the other hand, the two isomerides afford only ammonia ant1 acetic acid when acted on by phosphorous chloride. P.ropionaZdoxi?ne,C,H,*CH:NOH, has hitherto been known only as a liquid (b. p. 132"); it may, however, be crystailised by cooling it, to abdut -12",and thoroughly stirring the liquid. The crystals closcly resemble those of acecaldoxinie in appearance ; they melt at 62", th:it is, 24.5" lower than the acetic compound. If it, be melted and tho resulting liquid be heated for some time, propionaldosime gradually iiildcrgoes an isomeric change similar to that suffered hy acetald-oxirne, being converted into a liquid which cannot be made to c*i.pstallise by any mealis unless it he cooled below -lo”, when ciysta’s of the other mocli6cntion separate, and by degreus entire ie- conversion into this foimi takes place.There is only a slight difference in the relative densities of the two modifications. Phosphoric chloride acts on a well-cooled, ctlicreal solution of the crystalline propionaldoxime, and when the mixtui-e is poured into water ammonia and propionic acid are pro- clnced as well as ethjlamine and formic acid. About 94 pcr cent. of tlic nldoxime is converted into ammonia and propionic acid, and about 6 per cent.into ethylnmine and formic acid. When acted on by phosphorous chloride, however, it affords only ammonia and propionic acid. hobictyric aldosiuje is a liquid (b. p. 139.5’) Tvhich does not crys- tallise even when cooled to -80”. When acted on by phosphoric chloride, about 60 per cent. of the aldoxinie is converted into ammonia and isobutgric acid, and about 40 per cent. into isopropylaniine and fdi-mic acid. It would appear from these results that further study is requisite to establish criteria of stereocheinical isomerism in the case of these osiiiies. It woald seem that the action of phosphoric chloride in iiiirticular is attended with structural isomeric cliange, and that the 1)roductionby Beckmann’s method of t,wo acids arid two atiiiiies can- not be regarded as evidence of the existence in the compound of two stcwochemicnl forms of the original osime, as has been suggested by fiitntzsch, in the case of certain ketoxinies.It, has, therefore, been determined to submit the two isonieric I)clizaldoxirnes to a more minute examination than they have hitherto 1-cceived; these alclvximes being selected, rather than any of the p:ii.afinoid compoutid s, on account of their greater stability. Progress has already been made with this work. 135. “The mineral waters of Askern, in Yorkshire.” ByC. 8. Bothamley. A1though the mineral waters of Askern have a well-established I.cputation in the treatiiient of chronic rheumatism and OE skin diseases, no analyses of them have been made since those of Lankester and West in or about the year 1840.There are at present four wells or springs in the peat common on tlie edge of vvhicli the village of Askern stands, and to each of these is attached a pump room and R suite of baths. The autlior has examined ~izi~iplesof the waters collected at intervals esteiidirig over a period 79 of nearly two years. They are surface or shallom spring waters, and are mainlg solutions of calcium and magnesium carbonates and sulphntes, containing a large quantity of $Issolved peaty matter and a considerable amount of hydrogen sulphide ; minute traces of iodine and lithium, but neither bromine nor potassium, were detected. The approximate composition of the four waters, in grams per litre, is as follows :-Mother Close I Terrace Charity Manor Well.Baths. Eaths. Baths. ~~ ~~~ -_111 Calcium carbonate ............ 0-84.17 0 ‘8239 0 *6825 0.6698.. silicate .............. 0’0281 0 -0262 0 -04-2.3 0 *0449.. sulphate ............. 0.5222 0 *4434 0’4938 0.5151 Naenesiuin sulphate .......... 0‘38’74 0 -4288 0 *7184 0 *w34 dodium chloride .............. 0‘0346 0-0989 0 *1190 0 -1205 0.0426 0 ‘0220 0 -0659 0.0593.. snlphate.. ............ --------..-Total ............. 1.8566 1 *8425 2 -1239 2* 0936----.I iHydrogen sulphide ............ 56.7 C.C. 49 -5 C.C. 34.8C.C. 37 *3C.C. Jt is pointed out that the production of the sulphuretted hydrogen is probably due to the action of an organism, although hitherto the author has failed in isolating one.136.“Note on the distribution of acidic and alkalinic radicles in a solution ccntaining calcium, magnesium, carbonates and sulphates ; and on the composition of mineral waters.” By C. H. Bothamley. In examining the mineral waters of Askern, it was found that the precipitate formed when the “free” carbon dioxide was expelled was almost pure calcium carbonate, and contained the merest trace of magnesium, although this element was present in considerable quan- tity. Direct experiments show that an excess of well-washed preci- pitated magnesium carbonate cnmpletely precipitates calcium from a solution of calcium sulphate in the absence of “ free” carbon dioxide, and that there is practically no reverse action when a solution of magnesinm sulphate is placed in contact with a large excess of pre-cipitated calcium carbonate. When solutions of calcium carbonate and magnesium sulphate are mixed together and the “free ” carbon dioxide is expelled by the action of heat or by the passage oE a current of hydrogen, the precipitate contains only a mere trace of magnesium.The same result is obtained when a solution of magne- sium carbonate is mixed with a solution of calcium sulphate and the “free ” carbon dioxide is expelled by a current of hydrogen. The existing therinochemical data afford no explanation of these results. The author concludes that if we put aside the question of ionic clissociation in solution, and represent mineral waters and similar solutions of calcium, magnesium and the carbonic and sulphuric acid i*adiclesas containing salts as such, the sulphuric radicle must be regarded as combining by preference with magnesium and not with calcium, as is generally supposotl.In the case of the Askern waters this view is supported by their therapeutic action. 137. "A magnesium compound of diphenyl." By W. R. Hodgkinson. The energetic manner in which ammonia gas aiid some ammonium salts are decomposed by magnesium suggested that perhaps benzenoid arnines, and especially anilids, might' give metallic derivatives. 3Iagnesium, however, is entirely without action on dry aniline, toluidine and other similar alkaloids ; and form-and acetanilid and even phthalanil are unaffected when passed over the metal heated to about 400".When pbenylhydrazirie is warmed with magnesium, either in the form of filings, ribbon, or wire, action begins at about 150"; using filings, if not carefully controlled, the action becomes almost explo- sive, the tempcrature attained being frequently sufficient to inflame the products. Tho products which 'volittilise during ttie process are aniline, benzene, ammonia and nitrogen ; a compound containing the metal being left in the retort. . The magnesium compound is n solid, nearly white substance; it does not volatilise, but on heating the contents of the retort in which the operation has been conducted to neady a red heat, an oil distils over from which a s~zsll quantity of diphenyl maj be isolated.On admitting air into the retort before it is quite cold, the substance turns Brown, and in most instances inflames. Water has a similar effect on the hot substance. Boiling benzene, and especially cymene, dissolve a metallic com- pound which is deposited partly on cooling and partly on evaporating 08 the solvent in a vacuum AS a brown, amorphous powder; tbis takes fire on very gently heating it, in air, magnesium oxide and mucli charcoal being left. As get the analyses of different preparations of tbis substance hare not been very satisfactory. It certainly does not contain much, if any, nitrogen as an essential element, the highest percentage found being lt ; this appears to be derire'd from some nitrogen compound formed by a secondary, action and not from a magueeium phenyl- hydrazine.or magnesium aniline. 81 The unmistakable production of diphenyl on heating the magne-sium compound is suggestive of the presence of magnesium diphenjl as one of the products. The author wishes to reserve the further investigation of the inter- action. 138. ‘I Note on acetanhydrocitric acid.” By Felix Klingemann. The author points out that the acetylanhydrocitric acid described by Easterfield and Sell (Trans., 1892, 1003) had heen previously prepared and studied by himself (Berichte, 2839, 983) ; he adversely criticises several of their statements, and quotes malyses of the silver salts of citrodianilic and citro-p-toluidic acids, proving that both are mon-acids. 139.“The dissolution of gold in a solntion of potamium cyanide.” By R. C. Maclaurin, B.Sc. The study of the conditions contributory to the dissolution of gold in solutions of potassium cyanide is become of importance, owing to the recent use of this agent in extracting gold from poor ores. The nature of the changes is disputed : Elmer originally expressed the interaction by the equation 4Au + 8KCN + 0, + %OH2= 4AuCN-KCN + 4KOH, but McArthur, in a recent paper, has called in question the necessity of oxygen being present. It is a remark- able fact in connection with the process that the rate of dissolutioii of the gold decreases as the concentration of the cyanide solution increases. It is shown that dissolution of the metal is conditioned by oxygen, and that the amounts of oxygen absorbed and of gold dissolved are in the ratio 0 : 2Au.Furthermore, it is shown that the rate of disso-lution varies with the strength of the solution, and that it passes through a maximum in passiiig from dilute to concenti-ated solution ; this variation is traced to a decrease in solubility of oxygen in solu-tions of potassium cyanide as the concentration increases. 82 March 27th, 1893. Annual General Meeting. Professor Crum Rrowii, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The President delivered an address, of which the following is ail abstract :-The numerical position of the Society is as follows :-Number of Fellows, March, 1892.. .................. 182.5 Since elected who have paid admission fees ..........128-1953 Removed on account of non-payment of sub9crip-tions ................................... 20 Withdrawn.. .............................. 18 Deceased.. ................................ 20 -58 Present number of Fellows ........................ 1895 Foreign Members (1892) .................... 30 Since elected .............................. 5 -Present number of Foreign Members.. .............. 35 20 Fellows have died within the year:-G. S. Bowler, H. N. Draper, John Hooker, A. TV. von Hofmann, F. C. Hills, W. E. Ivey, Hodgson Jones, ’Dr. G. D. Longstaff, W. H. Michael, G. H. Makins, J. S. Nerry, Dr. T. €3.. Rowney, John S. Sieber, Professor C. Schor-lemmer, A. Norman Tate, Thomas Taylor, Dr.Thos. Walton, J. Septibo Ward, Dr. J. Forbes Watson, Nattieu Williams. 18 Fellows have witliclrawn :-Thomas Akitt, Dr. James Bell, Edward Dillon, J. V. Elsden, J. C. Husband, W. E. Halse, Farmer Hall, E. T. Kensington, Lawrence Levy, Chas. O’Neill, Dr. G. S. W. Ogg, Magnus Ohren, G. A. Parkinsou, H. F. Pasley, Edward Purser, A. H. Tapp, E. W. Wiltshire, Dr. George Wilson. The names of 20 Pellows have been reinoved from the Register:- James Andemon, Dr. J. B. Battershall, Frank Calder, G. E. R. Ellis, 11. R. S. Galbraith, G. W. S. Howson, J. J. Hickey, A. C. M. Tngram, George Lloyd, El. Oliver Mintz, J. W. O’Connor, C. T. Ilhodes, E. Reckett, W. Symons, 11. L. Schubcrt, H. L. Sulman, Stanley Southam, T. E. Tyson, Dim.F. W. Traphagen, 31. Whitley Williams. Professors Emil Fischer, Carl Graebe, Adolph Lieben, Hugo Schiff and Th. Schloesing have been elected Foreign Members. No fewer than 239 communications are recorded in the Proceed- ings, this being the largest number yet contributed to the Society in a single session. The 1892 volume oE the Transactions contains 90 papers, occupg- ing 1096 pages, while the Abstracts occupy 1536 pages. From the commencement of this year, the Abstrmts hare been SO paged that it will be possible to bind them in two sections, the one section to include all papers on organic chemistry, the other the re-maining branches ; this arrangement has been adopted by the Council in the belief that it will tend to promote continuity and f:icilitate reference.The Council have resolved that a subject index of the original communications published in the Society’s Journal during the pears 1873-92 inclusive shell be published. It is suggested thaL this shall be a true index and not a mere recital of titles ; the precise form it shall t ~keis, therefore, under consideration. Two “ Memorial Lectures ” have been delivered during the year, commemorating the work of two deceased Poi eign Members, Hermann Kopp and Jean Serrais Stas : that on Stas was prepared by Professor Mallet, and that on Kopp by the Treasurer, Professor Thorpe ; the Society and chemists generally will undoubtedly feel that they are much indebted to both of these two gentlemen when the two memoirs are placed in their hands.In the first of these lectures, Professor Mallet, besides referring to Stas’s work, has carefully considered its bearings, and has indicated directions in which enquiries may, with adranta,ge, be now carried on; the example that he has set will undoubtedly be of great service in the preparation of similar memoirs. The Council have resolved to print an extra number of copies of such lectures, and when in possession of a sufficient number to form a volume, to issue them in a sepayate form. Among the Fellows deceased during the year there are two whose services to the Society have been of an aztogether special character- Professor von Hofmann and Dr. G. €3. Longstaff; special resolutions of condolence have been passed by the Council and communicated to their families.Von Hofmann’s work will be considered in the coming Hofmann Memorial Lecture. In Dr. Longstaff the Society loses one of its original Fellows, of whom now very few remain. He was a very active member of the Society in early days, and within recent years his munificence secured the estnblishmer t of the Research Fund; owing to his stipulahion that a, medal should be awarded at least triennially to a Fellow of the Society in recognition of the value of his researches, Dr. Longstaff’s name will ever remain associated with the Society and with chemical science, as the Council determined that the medal should be known as the Longstaff Medal. Towards the close of the year, an address, offering the Society’s congratulations on the occasion of t,he cclebration of its twenty-fifth anniversary, was forwarded to the Deutsche chemische Gesellschaft in Berlin.An address from the Society was presented to M. Pasteur on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Communications were addressed by the Foreign Secretary to the University of Pndun on the occasion of the Galileo celebration and to the Committee in Stockholm charged with the erection of a memorial to Scheele in response to invitations to the Society to take part, in these proceedings. The Council are indebted to Mr. E. H. Wollxst~on for the presenta- tion of n valuable proof engraving OF a portrait of Wollaston. Very considerable additions have been made to the library during the year.The subject of the admission oE wcmen as Fellows, which has been several times discussed by the Council, has Leen again brought under consideration during the year, bgt without any resolution being arrived at to propose an alteration in the Bye-laws : it appeared to be generally felt that, although there is no objection in principle to the admission of women as Fellows, the case in their favour is not clearly established by any considerable number of applications. During the long vacation the meeting room was entirely recon- structed, with the redt that a very considerable air space has been gained, tending to the better ventilation of the room ; ndditiorial accommodatioii both in sitting space and in entrances and exits has also been secured ; and provision has been made for the entrance of fresh air into, arid for the removal of vitiated air from, the roorn.The electric light hats been substituted for gas in all the rooms. The apartments were redecorated throughout. The structural alterations were planned and their execution super- intended by Mr. Martin L. Saunders, and the alterations and redeco- ration of thc rooms have been carried out by Messrs. Colls and Sons. The installation of the electric lighting was planned by Professor Ayrton, to whom the Society is under great obligation for the iLmouIlt of time and thought he bas expended on the work. Thc business of wiring the building and fixing the fittings for the electric light was entrusted to Messrs. Spagnoletti and Crookes, and the brackets, pendants, &c., were Eupplied by Messrs.Faraday and Sons. i€ s. d. The cost of the structnral alterations (in-cluding architect’s fee) hare been . . . . .. .. 1113 14 10 The clectric light installation having cost.. .. 289 0 6 $1402 15 4 It is a matter of congratulation to the Society that tho Treasurer has been able to pay these large extra expenses, and at t,he same time to carry forward the necessary working balance, without touch- ing the Society’s funded property. In the latter part of his address the President discusses the history of the phlogistic theory, and ‘ its gradual displacement by more modern views. Dr. Armstrong proposed a vote of thanks to the President, coupled with the request that he allow his address to be printed.In the course of his remarks, he said that during the past two yeai’s, for the first time in the history of the Society, the President had been a Feliow from beyond the Border-a fact of much importance, as proving that they were in no sense a mere metropolitan society, and that they both desired to secure, and were, indeed, successful in securing, the cooperation of British chemists generally. Dr. Gladstdone seconded the motion, wliich was carried by acclamation. The President having thanked the meeting, Mr. Holland Crompton, the Senior Auditor, in the absence of tlie Treasurer abroad, gave an acconnt of the balance sheet duly audited by Mr. Dymond, Dr. Lawson and himself. Professor Thouison sub- sequently contrasted the chief items of expenditure during this and the previous year.The receipts by admission fees and subscrip- tions had been $13771 11s. 4d. as against $3545 in the previous year ; and $424 15s. 3tJ. had been realised by the sale of the Journal, instead of only $408 7s. 4ti. The Journal had cost 322745 7s. 4d. instead of $2798 15s. 10d; &327 1s. Id. bad been expended on the library ; the alteratiors had been effected at a cost of $1402 15s. 4d ; the total expenditure being if55287 Is. : SO that the ordinary espendi- diture had been $3884 5s.8d. as against $3989 1s. 6d. in the previoiis year. Grants amounting to $200 had been made from the Research Fund. A vote of thanks to the Treasuver was proposed by Dr.Russell, who dwelt with satisfaction on the fact that it had been possible to meet the expenses of the alterations from the surplus income of this and the previous year without touching the Society’s funded property. The vote, having been seconded by Professor Ramsay, was carried by a cclarnat ion. Mr. Crookes proposed and Mr. Piclrering seconded a vote of thanks to the Auditors; the motion having been adopted, Mr.Crornpton replied. A vote of thanks to the Officers and Council was then proposed by Mr. J. Newlands and seconded by Mr. Cassal; Professor Thomsoii replied. Dr. J. Voelcker moved and Mr. Spiller seconded a vote of thanks to the Editor, Sub-Editor, Abstractors and Librarian. Mi-. Grovcs and Dr. Thorue replied. Mr.W. Foster and Mi-. Tutton having been appointed Scrutators, a ballot was taken, and the following were declared elected. Pre.sideitt: IT. E.Armstrong, Ph.D., F.R..S. Vice-Predmts who have-filled the oflice of President : Sir F. A. Abcl, K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S. ; Dr. A. Crum Brown, F.R.S. ; W. Crookes, F.R.S.; E. Frankland, D.C.L., E.R.S.; J. H. Gilbert, Ph.D., F.R.S.; J. H. Gladstone, Ph.D., P.R.S. ; H. Miiller, Ph.D., F.R.S. ; W. Odling, M.B., F.R.S. ; W. H. Perkin, Ph.D., F.R.S. ; Lord Playfair., Ph.D., K.C.B., F.R.S.; Sir H. E. Roscoe, LL.D., F.R.S.;W. J. Russell, Ph.D., F.R.S. ; A. W. Williamson, LL.D., P.R.S. ’Jce-P/esidettts: E. Atkinson, Ph.D. ; A. Vernon Hwcourt, F.R.S. ; C. O’Sullivnn, F.R.S. ; John Pattinson ; William Ramsay, F.R.S.; William A. Tilden, F.R.S. Seci-etaries : J. Millar Thomson ; Wyndham Dunstan, M.A. Poreign Secretary : Raphael Meldola, F.R.S. Treasurer : T. $1. Thorpe, D.Sc., F.R.S. Ordinary Monbem of Coiincil : Norman Collie, Ph.D. ; Charle~F. Cross ; Harold Dixon, F.R.S. ; Beriiard Dyer, D.Sc. ; Lazarus Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S. ; R. J. Friswell; M. 31. P. Muir; 3’. J. M. Page; W. H. Perkin, jun., F.R.S. ; W. A. Shenstone ; John A. Voelcker, Ph.D. ; W. P. Wynne, D.Sc. The following additions to the bye-laws, proposed by the Council, Were thcu submitted to the meeting and carried:- 1. In Bye-Law XI, after the words “The ordinary Scientific Meetings of the Society shall be held twice in every month, from November to June inclusive, except in the month of January, when the Society shall meet once only,” to add the words ‘‘ and also at Easter, when, if the Council see fit, there shall also be only one meeting in the month.” 2.In Bye-Law XLII, to add the following paragraph :-“At all General Meetings of the Society, whether Annual or Extraordinary, no motion of a proposal to nlter the bye-laws shall be considered of which due notice has not been given at least 14 days previously, either at an ordinary Scientific Meet,ing, or through the agency of the ‘ Proceedings,’ or by means of a, printed notice addressed to all the resident Fellows.” 87 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Trait6 pratique de calorimetrie chimique, pay M.Berthelot. Paris 1893. From the Author. Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain : Chemical Papers from the Research Laboratoq-, edited by W.R. Dunstan. Vol. I. London 1892. From the Council, Pharm. SOC. IT. By Purchase. Annales de Chimie. Sthie I, Tomes 61-96. Paris, 1807-1815. Grundriss der Steieo-chemie, ron Hniitzsch. Breslau 1893. Die menschlichen Nahrungs-uiid Genussmittel, von J. Konig. Dritte Adage. Band 11. Bcrlin 1893. Die Weine des Herzoglich-Nassauischen Cabinetkellers : eine wisser~schaftliche Studie, von C. Schinitt. Berlin 1893. Tafel mi-Ermiltelung des Alcoholgehaltes 7’011 Alcohol-WasRer-Mischungen aus dem specifischen Gewicht, \-on R.Windisch. Berlin 1893. 88 HOFMANN MEMORIAL LECTURE. An extra meeting of the Society will be held on Friday,May 5th, IS93, the anniversary of the death of A.W. von Hofmann, wheii Rddresses will be delivered by the Right Hon. Lord Playfair, K.C.B., F.R.S.,V.P.C.S.; Sir F. A. Abel, K.C.B., F.R.S., V.P.C.S.; Dr. W. H. Perkin, F.R.S., V.P.C.S. At the next meeting, on April 201h, the following papers will be read :-“ A contz-ibution to thc chemistry and physiology of foliage leaves.” By Horace T. Brown, l’.H..S.,and G. Harris Morris, P1i.D. “ The interactioii of alkali cellulose and carbon bisulyhide. Cel-lulose thiocarbomtes.” .BJ C. l?. Cross, E. J. Bevan and C. Beadle. And other piipers. CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N-.Il.-The names of those who sign from " General Knowledge " are printed in italics. The following Candidates will be balloted for on 4th May, 1e93 :-Baine, Laurence kugustus, Dipton, Lintz Green, Newcastle-on-Tyiie.Doctor of Medicine. D.P.H. (Camb.), Membre de la Soci4tB franqaise d'Hygi6ne (in practice). As sludent under ProfesFor Tilden, Mason College, Birmiugharn, and under Professor Bedson, College of Science, Newcastle (for about three years) ; specially in- terested in analyses of foods and beverages. P. Phillips Bedson. Saville Shaw. J. T. Dunn. A. Wynter Blyth. W.H. Corjeld. Baker, Julian L., Stamford, Hendham Road, Upper Tooting, S.W. Assistant Chemist to the Beetroot-Sugar Akociation of London. Certificated Student of Chemist'ry of Finsbury Technical College, having taken up at that Institution the compleke course of siudy for the prescribed number of Sears.Joint author in a paper on '' Halogen Derivatives of Quinone," published in the Society's Trans- actions for 1892, p. 589. Arthur R. Ling. Raphael Meldola. R. J. Friswell. John A. R. Newlands. Henry E. Armstrong. Bone, William A., Schlossberg 3, Heidelberg. Fellow of Victoria University. Engaged in a research with Pro-fessor Victor Meyer, at Heidelberg. Three years student. in Owens College. B.Sc. with 1st Class Honors in Chemistry, VicC. Univ,, 1891. Research Fellow of the Owens College, 1891-92. University Fellow, 1892. Authcr of " The Behaviour of Ethy1ei:e on Explosion with less t?ian its own volume of Oxygsn” (J. Chem. Soc., 1892, 873). Harold B. Dixon. G. H. Bailey.Arthur Harden. P. J. Hartog. G. I. Powler. Briggs, John Frederick, c/o BIesws. Parry and Co., Madras. Assistant Chemist at, Parry’s Sugar Works, Madras. Associate of the City and Gnilds of London Institute. Joint author with Pro-fessor Armstrong of “The Relative Orienting Effect of Chlorine arid Bromine” (Chern. Soc. Pwc., 1892, 108, 40). Henry E. Armstrong. F. Stanley Kipping. Arthur R. Ling. W. J. Pope. W. Palmer Wynne. Burnham, John Charles, 179, Griffen Road, Plumstead, Kent. Analytical Chemist. Four years student at the Owen’s College, hlnnchester. Three years of this time devoted to Physics and Chemistry (Honours School, Victoria University). Associate OF the Owens College. B.Sc. (1st Ciass) Victoria Universit-y. Four years Assistant; Chemist (one of) at the Chemical Department of tho War Department, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, ard to the “ Special Com- mittee on Explosives,” President, Sir 3’.A. Abel, K.C.B. F. A. Abel. Harold I3. Dixon. G. H. Bailey. W. Kellner. W. H. Deering. Brown, Ralph Edward, Perranporth, Truro, Cornwall. Analytical Chemist. For three years student at the Durham College of Science, Newcastle-on-Tyne, obtaining the Associateship in Science, and passing the Science portion of the examination for the degree of Bachelor of Science of the University of Durham, ob-taining Honoars in Chemistry. P. Phillips Redson. Saville Shaw. Alfred C. Fryer. Harold Picton. Walter T. Reid. F. C. Giirrett. Buchanan, Joshua, 63, West Cumberland Street, Glasgow.Analytical and Technical Chemist. Experience-over 10 years as Analytical and Technical Chemist; 4 years Head Chemist to a, Metallurgical Work. Publications-with Dr. Mills, “ The Photo- chemical Estimation of Graded Tint ” (J.Sou. Chew.Ind., April, 1888), “ On the Nitrate and Iodine Industries of Northern Chile ” (J. SOC, Chewa. Id,February, 1893). Edmund J. Mills, A. Humboldt Sexton. James G. Hardy. G. G. Henderson. John Ferguson. Burnett, William Robert, Dunleth Avenue, Coatbridge, N.B. ; For the future, Wies- baden, R~llupet~ign Road, Colombo, Ceylon. Analyst. Presently, Assistant to Mi..Cochran, City ,Qnalyst for Colombo, and Lecturer in Chemistry in Ceylon Medical College, selected as fitted to fill the post of Acting City Andyst fw Colombo. Formerly, Assistant for thee years in the laboratories of R.R. Tatlock and Readman, City Analysts, Glasgow. R. R.Tatlock, Alfred H. Allen. A. Humboldt, Sexton. M. Cochran. Horatio Ballantyne. John Clark. G. G. Henderson. Cameron, James, Nobel’s Explosives Company, Ltd., Polmont Station. Chemisb. Attended Dr. Clark’s lectures on Organic and Inorganic Chemisti-y 2 sessions, the laboratory of Wallace, Tatlock, and Clark for 2 years, and Professor Sexton’s lectures at Technical College. Have acted as Chemist for 34 years to Glasgow Gas Works, and 2 years to Nobel’s Company. John Clark. Robert R. Tatlock. George Smith. I_). Corrie. Geo. McRoberts. J. C. RictterJielcE. Clayton, George, School of Pharmacy, 100, Burlington Street, Manchester. Teacher of Chemistry.A student of Organic and Inorganic Chem- istry for 16 years. Member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. For the past 94 years has lectured on Theoretical and taught Practical Cbeniistrg. During the la5t 3 years has controlled the Analytical and ?ra.cticnl Work of tlie laboratories of the Northern School of Pharmacy, of which he is Principal. Frank Scudder, Friincis Jones. Harry Grimshaw. H. E. Rcscoe. Watson Xnzith. C. €2. Alder Wright. Dickinson, H. W., Kent Place, Ulverston, Lancashire. Iron and Stee1 Works Engineer. Undeigraduate, Victoria Unirey- si hy. *4ttendapce, 2 sessions, 1886-87 and 1887-88, Chemical 92 Lxtures, 0wens College, Manehsster.3$ years’ experience with Messrs. Wm. BecLrclmoroand Co., Parkhead Forge, Glasqow ; of which Z$ years were spent in Chemical Liboratory. Studied 3 years, evening classes, at Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College. Hold highest certificatcs of S.>nth Kensington and City and Guilds of London in Chemistry and Metallurgy. H. Lloyd Snape. A. Humboldt Sexton. James G. Hardy. Sydney J. Harris. Edmunci G. Tosh. G. G. Henderson. Dixon, Harry Williamson, 258, Hunslet Road, Leeds. Works Chemist. Eight years at Messrs. Taylor Brothers and Com- pany’s Clarence Iron and Steel Works, Leeds. Student, Chemistry, Mstsllurgy, Stc., at Lee& School of Science and Yorkshirc College. .Hououra Results in Practical Chemistry (Science and Art Depart- ment) and Iron and Sted (Cit-y and Guilds of London Institute) Xxamin at ion.J. Wertheinier. B. A. Burrell. Ed. Rawlins. HaBroadbent. Herbert Eccles. A. W. Coolie. Edwards, Thomas, Brewery House, Rhymney. Brewery Manager and Analyst. Assistant to Wm. McCowizn, Esq., F.S.C., F.I.C.,for 5 years in tthe brewery and laboratory of Henry Mitchell and Co., Ltd., Birmingham. Head Brewer at Rhymney Brewery for 4 years. Privde study (analytical and microscopical research) for 10 years. Wil Iiam McCowan. J. Cuthbert Welch. J. FBrrow Ballard. John Attfeld. A. Boake. I?. G. Adair Roberts. Evans, Robert Cecil Turle, Swan’s Nest, Stratford-on-Avon. Five years’ study at the City and Guilds Institute under Profcssors lleldola, Thompson, arid Perry.Technical and Research Chemist to Messrs. F. Kendall and Son, Chemical ,Manufacturers. Gained the certificates of thg Technical College, Finshury, in the Departments of Electrical E ngineerinp, and in Industrial and Technical Chemistry. Ons year as Chemist to Messrs. Rendall and Son, Chemical Manu- facturers. Student of the Institute of Chemistry. R. Meldola. E.R. Moritz. Charles E. Cassal. Gerald T. Moody. W. J. Pdpe. G. F. Kendall. C. E. Alder Wiight. l3. H2ny Gemam. F. Xtarzley Kippitcg. 93 Gardner, John Addyman, 5, Bath Place, Oxford, Assistant Demonstrator in University Laboratory, Oxford. B.A. (First Class in Final Honours, School of Natural Science, Chemical Division) and late Demy of Magdalen College.Author or joint author of the following communications to Chemical science :-“ Ueber verbindungen tertiam Amine mit Enymme und deren Homologen ” (Ber., 23, 9), “ Zur Tetramethylbernsteinsaures” (Bey., 23,IS), “On Camphene” (Trans. Chem. Soc., l89l), “On Turpentine ” (Trans.Chem. Xoc., 1891). William Odling. W. W. Fisher. J. E. Marsh. John Watts. V. H. Veley. D. H. Nagel. Gower, Alired Roland, 37, Stafford Street, Barrow-in-Furness. Science Teacher to Barrow School Board and to Millom Local Board. Teacher of Practical and Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry and Netallurgy (in connection with Science and Art Department). Formerly student in Chemistry at Mason College, Birmingham, and Royal College of Science, London. Science and Art Department’s Examination, Honours in Metallurgy, &c.Richard Spencer. William W.Butler. Alfred E. Tutton. Thomas Turner. W. W. J. Nicol. Arthur Adarns. William Tate. Grimwood, Robert George, 41, Lady Margaret Road, St. John’s-College Park, N.W. Student of Chemistry and Physics. Throe. years training in Analytical and General Chemistry. One of the Gas Examiners to the County of London. Associate of Arts, Oxford University. First Class Science Certificates, South Kensington. W. J. Dibdin. Wm. Jno. Litringston. R. Grimwood. J. Parry Laws. P. A. Estcourt. E. J. Parry. G. ’CV. TVood. Jones, Hedley Gordon, 15, Rectory Place, Woolwich, S.E. Assistant to Professor of Chemistry and Physics, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.Associate and Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry by Examination, 1888. Arts Examination SOC.Apothe-caries, 1889. 1st L.R.C.P., November, 1882. Formerly student of 94 King’s College. Lecturar and L2boratory Assistant R.M.A. since 1889. W. R. Eaton Hodgkinson. John M. Thomson. G. Stillingfleet Johnson. Herbert Jackson. Frank L. Teed. Jowett, Hooper Albert Dickinson, 3, Fern Bank, Lancaster. Redwood Scholar in the Research Laboratory of the Pharmaceu- tical Society. Formerly Bell Scholar in the School of the Pharma- ceutical Society. Medallist in Chemistry and Practical Chemistry. Pereira Medallist, 1892. Passed the Major Examination of the Pharmaceutical Society , 1892. Wyndham R. Dunstan. M. Carteighe. John Attfield. Thos.S. Dymond. W. A. Shenstone. Kaka, Sorabji Manekji, Karachi, Sind, India. M.R.C.S. (Eng.), L.R.C.P. ([Jond.), D.P.H., L.S.A., L.M. and S. Bombay; Medical Officer of Health. Travelling Water Analyst to the Government of Bombay. Lecturer on Chemistry in tlie Sind Hydrabad Medical School in 1884. Resigned to proceed to England for further qualifications. At present Health Officer and Analyst to the Municipality of Karachi, India. W. H. Corfield. A. Wynter Blyth. H. R. Kenwood. John G. Thresh. Jas. Kear Colwell. Lamb, Edmund George, 29, Great Cumberland Place, London, W. M.A., Merton College, Oxford. Student at University College, London, in 1889-90-91. Spencer Pickering. John Norman Collie. William Ramsay. R. T. Plimpton. Edward C.Cyril Baly. Lloyd,Herbert, Philadelphia, U.S. A. Chemist and Manager of the Electric Storage Battery Co., Glouceater, N.J. For 3 years Assistant to Dr. C.R. Sqnibb, Manu- facturing Chemist, Brooklyn, N.Y. For 5 years Superintendent of the Laboratory of McKesson and Robbins, Manufacturing Chemists, New Pork City. For 5 years in present position. Aathor of Paper on “ Opium Assaying” (American Druggist). Author of 4 patents on lead accumulators. W. S. Squire. W, J. Williams. C. F. Chandler. Jas. S. C. Wells. Hermann T.Vulte’. Mason, James, Camboia, Blyth, Northumberland, Medical Practitioner. I atx an M.D. of Brussels (avec distiiiction). I am a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (Edin.), a Licen- tiate of the Royal College of Surgeons (Edin.), and a Licentiate of the Faculty OE Physicians and Surgeons (Glasgow), and I also hold the Diploma in Sanitary Science of Cambridge.I am the author of u book on “Lord Bacon.” W. Watson Will. John E’erguson. W. Chas. Sayers. 4ljred E. Pike. Peter MacEzuan. James Detour. McGregory, J. Frank, A.B., A.M., Hamilton, N.Y. Professor of Chemistry, Colgate University. Student, Gottingen, Germany, 1880-81, 1883-54. Instructor in Chemistry, Amherst Col- lege, Amherst, Mass., 1881-83. Professor of Chemistry, Colgate University, Hamilton, N.Y., since 1884. Short articles on “Analytical Methods.” Jas. Lewis Howe. P. P. Tenable. Launcelot Andrews. Henry B. Nason. Wm.L. Dudley. T. H. Norton. Monson, Henry John, 15, Palace Street, Buckingham Gate, London, S.W.Lecturer on Agricultural Chemistry and Agriculture to the Kent County Council and €or University Extension. Studied Chemistry at University Laboratory, Oxford, at Pharmaceu t,ical Society’s Laboratory, and in private laboratories. General interest in Cbe-111istry. Fredk. J. Lloyd. W. W. Fisher. W. B. Bottomley. J. E. Marsh. John Percival. Munby, Alan E., 44,Holly Avenue, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Private Assistant to Professor Badson, in t!ie Durham College of Science, Newcnstle. Graduate in Honours in the Natural Sciences Tripos, Cambridge. Lecturer under the Technical Education Scheme of the County Councils of Northumberland and Durham. P. PhillipR Bedsoii. 31.11.Pattison Muir.S. Rnhemann. A. Hutchinson. F. C. Garrett. Saville Shaw. Murray,John Alan, 60, Marine Terrace, Aberystwyth. Agricultural Chemist. Bachelor of Science (Edin.). Lecturer on Agricultural Chemistry in the University College of Wales. 9 years in an Analyst’s Laboratory. Alex. Crum Brown. Leonard Dobbin. H. Lloyd Snnpo. R. Greig Smith. Sadle Slzazo. Nasini, Raffaello, Padua. Professor of Chemistry. Ludwig Mond. Henry E. Armstrong. W. H. Perkin. W. Ramsay. J. H. Gladstone. Oates, William Henry, Broomhnll Park, Sheffield. Student’. Student of Chemistry for five years at Firth College, Sheffield. 1851 Exhibition Scholar. At present engaged in re-search. W. Carleton Williams. L. T.O’Shea. George Young. Jno. C. Platts.L. iVapier Ledinghant. Parrish, S., 15, Fenton Street, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds. Royal Exhibitioner. Associate in Chemistry of the Royal College OE Science, London. Late Junior Demonstrator in the Chemical Laboriitory of the Royal College of Science. ‘I?. E. Thorpe, W. Palmer Wjntie. Chapman Jones. Alfred E. ‘l’utton. William Tate. J. W. Rodger. R intoul, William, 48, Carnarvon Strcet, Glasgow. Analytical Chemist. Three years Analytical Assistant and three yeara Teaching Assistant to Mi-. Tatlock, City Analyst for Glasgom, &c. Delivered three courses of lectures on Theoretical Chemistry and Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. Robert R. Tntlock. Alfred H. Allen. John Clark. A. Humboldt Sexton. G. G.Hcnderson. Horatio Ballantyne.James G.Hardy. Robbins, James Henry, 4, Roderick Road, Haverstock Hill, N.W. Analytical Chemist. Analyst in the Inland Revenue Laboratory, SDmerset House, since 1883. First Class Certificate in Chemistry, Royal School of Mines. J. Bell. H. J. Helm. E. Grant Hooper. J. Woodward. Edward D. Gravill. Wm. Harkness. Thompson, George Rudd, (Private) 5, Clytha Square, Newport, Mon, ; (Laboratory) 57, Dock Street, Newport, Mon. Analyst and Consulting Cbemist. Studied at University College, Cardiff,from 1884 to 1887, entering same in 1884 with an exhibition OF fees. Gained prize of $10 in 1885; at close of session, 1886--8i, took 4 certificates, various subjects, with 1 1st class Theoretical Chsmistry, and 1 certificate and 1st prize Practical Chemistry.Passed London Matriculation, 1st Division, in 1S85. Carried on practice in Newport sirice October, 1887, as Analyst and Consulting Cliemist. Have been appointed sirice 1891 as Lecturer in Chemistry and Laboratory Director to Technical Schools of county of Newport. John Parry. R. W. Atkinson. Claude M. Thompson. J. William James. Thos. Coomber. G. P. ULcruell-Smith. Vandenbergh, Frank P., B.S.,M.D., Buffalo, New York. Analytical and Cmsulting Chemist. Chemist to City of Buffalo. Professor of Chemistry, University of Buffalo. Contributor to Befereizce Zandbook of Nedical and Chemical Jurisprudeitce (in press, by Wm. Wood and Co.). Associate Editor of the Engiiieering Mags-ziue, X.Y. City. Snml. 1’. Sadtler. F. P. Tenable.Bennett El. Davenport. El wyn Waller. Edw. Gudeman. A1bei.t B. Prescott. 98 Watson, A. F., 11,York Place, Edinburgh, Student of Chemistry since 1889. Student at the Surgeons’ Hall Laboratory, Edinburgh, for eighteen months ;for two winter sessions at the Heriot-Watt College ; and for a year at the Edinburgh Uni- versity Laboratory. At present engaged in Organic Research Work with Professor Crum Brown. W. H. Perkia, Jun. Robert Wallace. Alex. Crum Brown. Hugh Marshall. Leonard Dobbin. Wilkinson, John, Gasworks, Drighlington, Yorks. Gas Engineer. 3 years’ study in the Chemistry Department at the Bradford Technical College. 6 years’ study and investigation in the Manufacture of Coal Gas, &c. Henry Ellison. Fredk. TetleF. Ernest E. Milnes. Frederic William Richardson, Clwistr. Rawson. HARRISON AXD SONS,PRIKTEBS INOBI~~A~L~TTO NEE MAJESTY, ST. MABT~N’SLANE.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8930900073
出版商:RSC
年代:1893
数据来源: RSC
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