|
1. |
Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 9, No. 118 |
|
Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 9,
Issue 118,
1893,
Page 1-26
Preview
|
PDF (1552KB)
|
|
摘要:
IMd6/2/1893. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 118. Session 1892-93. Ja,nuary 19th, 1893. Professor A. Crum Brown, President, in the Chair. Messrs. James W. Rodgw and Moi~is W. Travers wera formally admitted Peilows of the Society. Ordinary certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. William Thomas Boone, 6, Mount Pleasant Road, Totten-ham ; Frederick George Fuller, 19, Brunswick Square, W .C. ; Arthur John Heath, 1, Grove Villas, Redland, Bristul : Wesley Lambert, 55, Plumstead Common Road, Plumstead ; Herbert Bloome Mole, Hillside, Shepton Mallet ; Fred. Marsden, Bangor, North Wales ; Charles Platt, Buffalo, N.Y., U.S.A. ; Charles Henry Southwell, Boston : John Charles Umney, 50, Southwark Street, London ; Herbert Wills, LL.I]., Fern Bank, Halliwell, near Bulton. Certificates of the following candidates, proposed by the Council under Bye-law I, para. 3, were also read:-Francis P. Dunnington, Charlottesville, Va., U.S.N.A. ; Albin Haller, 14, Rue de Metz, ii Nancy; William J. Martin, jun., M.D., Charlottesville, Va., U.S.N.A.;Charles E. Wait, Knoxville, Tenn., U.S.N.A.;Willoughby Walke, Fort Munroe, Va., U.S.N.A.; Henry C. White, Athens, Georgia, U.S.N .A. Address to M.Pasteur. ON behalf of the Chemical Society of London, we, the President and Officers, beg to tender to you, Mons. Pssteur, our must hearty COQ-gmtuhtions on the occasion of your iOth birthday, and to express the fervent hope that for many years to come you may coi;tinue to 2 exert yonr beneficent influence over that department of scientific enquiry so peculiarly your own.It is 30 years since you were elected n Foreign Member of our Society ; and at that time your work as a pioneer was already com- pleted. By your study of the tartaric acids and by the discovery of methods of resolving the optically inactive acid into its active com-ponents, you laid the foundation of the modem theories of geometri-cal isomerism which during recent years have served so largely to promote new and importniit experimental enquiries ; and you placed weapons in the hands of chemists which have retained their useful- ness up to the present day and which over and over again have been wielded with marvellons effect. Furthermore, your studies on fermentations -apart from their in-dustrial importance, which is immense--have served to promote enquiries of the utmost value to mankind and their infliience must ever be felt.Few men have been able to present to the world RO imperishable a record of services rendered to humanihy ; and your name is one which must ever be enshrined in loving memory in the records of time. We are, Sir, in deepest respect, Your most faithful colleagues, A. CRUMBROWN. T. E. THORPP. HENRYE. ARMSTRONG. JOHN31. THOMSON. R. MELDOLA. (Presented December 27, 1892.) OE the followixig papers those marked * were md :-'93, " Glucinum. Part I. The prepm~on of glucina from beryl," ByJohn Gibson, Ph.D. Of the many methods proposed for the preparation of glucina from berjl, only B few give satisfactory resnlts, and none of them OHII be applied easily on a large scale.The percentage of gluciuum in beryl is small and it is therefore necessary to work up large quantities or" this very hard mineral in order to obtain a stock of glucinn sufficieut for the purFoses of irivestiption. Hitherto it bas been found neces- sary to grintl the mineral to a very fine powder as a preliminary to its complete decomposition by the usual agents employed in the case of refr'ic t ory s i1i cutes . Th?pres:snt communication gives an account of a method by which R kilogram nr more of berg1 may be worked up at rttime in an easy mmner, and without being ground to a fine powder, the whole of tlie glncina contained in the bevy1 being obtained very qnickly in a ne4r.l.y ]lure condition, and, in particular, nearly free from a'umina, and oxiric of iron.The method is based on the different behaviour of the flunrides of aluminium, ircn and gliiciuum when heated together, it being found that, if coarsely ground beryl he heated in an iron vewel with six parts of ammonium hydrcptl fluoride. t'he mineral is coin-pletely decomposed at a temperatiire below a red heat, the soluble aluminiiiin fluoride at first formed being rendered insoluble in water if the heating be sufficiently prolonged, while the bulk of the fluor-ides of iron are decomposed and converted into ferric oxide, the glucincm fluoride remaining so1ul)le in water. A new method for the perfrck removal of tlie last traces of irnii floni the crnde glncina is also dewribed, based on the ohservatioii tliat in the presence in solution of a large excesq of a lead or mer-curic salt the pi*ecipitation of the lead 01' merc*ur.yas sulphirle by ammonium sulphide effects by mass action the complete precipitation OK the iron.*94. "The determination of the thermal expansion of liquids." By T. E. Thorpe, F.R.S. The author describes improvements in the ordinary dildomet rical method of detertniiiing the thermal expansion of liquids. The main impi-ovement consists in the adoption of the simple device now eni-ployed in the construction of standard mercurial thermometers, i.P., in enlarging the bore of the tube at some point in the stem, tlius forming a small bulb or cavity in order that the position of the 0" and 100" points may be dcterniincd on each instrument irrespectivelg of its range without unduly increasing the length of the stem or di-minishing the width of the scale divisions. The length of the stem is thus considerably shortened, so that both it and the thermometer can be wholly immersed in a Lath of modwate size; t4his makes it possible to take soccessive readings with much greater rapidity thaii tormeriy and obviates the necessity of correcting for the emergeuf colunins of the two instrumtmts, thereby diminishing the time and labour required both in the actual observations arid the subsequent mduct ions.Tn the paper, the mode of constructing and calibrating the di'a- tometers is fully descr~bed,also the mode of clt aning nnd filling them, the l>i\ths used in heating them, and the method of making the 01)-servatious.DIscu sSIO N, Frofessor RAMSAYhaving advocated the method of heating by means of the vilpours of liquids boiling under regnlatcd pressures which had been largely used by Professor Young and himself in place of baths of heated liquid, Professor THORPE pointed out, that the time occupied and labour involved in making the observations was small in eom-prison with that involved in their reduction, and that, for the purposes of calculation, it was very convenient to take readings at definite intervals of temperature; this, he thought, could be more readily done by means of a liquid bath.Professor RAMSAYsaitl t.hnt it mas equally essy to vary and adjust the temperiiture of vaponr baths, but admitted that such were not well adapted for use at low temperatures. '95. "The determination of the thermal expansion and specific volumes of certain paraffins and paraffin derivatives." By T.E. Thorpe,F.R.S.,and Lionel M.Jones, B.Sc. The nut1ior.s give the data relating to a number of substances, and r1isr:riss thr result,s particularly in relation to Imsen's deductions. Their results are summarised in the following table :-Specific volume. B. p. Density Densit. at 0". at b. p. Obs. Lnssen. O c. Pentme ................ 36 ,3 0.6i.750 O*F1200 117 -6 121en 117*2 Tsopentaii e .............. 30 -4 0 -638i2 0 -60857 118.3 121 '0 117-2 Isohexane............... 62 0 0.67660 0 -6 1744 139'3 143'0 139-8 Amylene. ............... 36 -4 0 -68499 0.64759 108a1 110.0 109.7 Isoprene ................ 35 *8 0 -69120 0,65450 103 *9 99 -0 102'3 Trimethvl crtrbinol ...... 82 *2 0*SO716 0 -71940 102.8 106 '8 102so 1)imethyl ethjl c*arhinol.. . 101.3 0 *82690 0 -72480 121-4 128 -8 123*4 Jnartive amyl 311ohol ..... 131 -4 0.82536 0.71362 123 *3 128-8 123 -4 Active amyl aleohol ...... 128-7 0* 83302 0-72111 122 '0 128'8 123-4 Methyl ethyl ketone,. .... 80 *fi 0.82961 0*74122 96.7 1PO '2 95.1 Methyl propyl ketone.. .. 101-7 0.82585 0.72Fifi8 118'5 122.2 117.2 Diethgl ketone. .......... 102-1 0 '83350 0 -73060 117.7 122-2 117*2 Pyopionic anhydride...... 168 6 1 -033~00 .F(4310 154 2 153'2 im .3 Mctliyl sulpliide.. ....... 37 *5 0 P7073 0 *F2: 67 75-1 77 .R 75.8 lsobutyleric. hroinide.. .... 149 -6 1'76750 1* 514.70 142 *6 144'2 142.8 Tt will be seen that, with the exception of that for propionic anhydridc, all the observed numbers differ considerably from those calculated by 5 mean8 of Kopp’s values. On tho other hand, they show in the main a fairly satisfactory agreement with the valnes calculated by Lossell’s formula. It is Iioteworthy that the observed value for acetic an-hydride deduced from Kopp’s experiments, viz., 109 9, is also greatly in excess of the value calculated by Lossen’s formula. If, however, Lossen’s slightly higher value, e.g., COLH = 10.74, as given for the oxalic ethers be taken, values for these oxides are obtained which are in better agreement with the results of observation ; thus, Obserred.Calculntsd. Acetic anhydride. ..... 109.9 108-4 Propionic anhydride.. . 154.2 154.4 *95. “The hydrocarbons derived from dipentene dihydrochloride.” ByWilliam A. Tilden and Sidney Williamson. The dihydrochloride C,,H1,2HC1 (m. p. No),prepared by the inter- action of moist hydrogen chloride and dextro- or levo-rotatory tur- pentine, is known to be identical with the dihydrochloride forined from dextro-or Ievo-rotatory citrene (limonene) or from inactive ‘‘ dipentene.” The hydrocarbon obtained by remo;.ing the elements of hjdrogen chloride from this compound has been supposed to consist, essentially of one compound, dipentene, but, in view of results obtained in osidisirig this substance (Tmns., 53, 880), a turther examination o€the product seemed desirable.The authors find, by direct experiment, that, like dextrolimonene, when oxiclised by nitric mid, levolimonene and pure dipunteiie afford neitlier toluic ncr terephthalic acid. The product ohtailled by heat-ing diperitene dihydrochloride with aniline, however, is a mixtu1.e of hydrocarbous, of which dipentsne is perhaps the most abundant constituent, butl is accompanied by large prcportions of cymene, terpiuene, terpinolene and a small qiiantity (about 2.5 per cent.) of a, saturated parrtfinoid hydrocdrbon boiling at about 155”. The toluic acid obtained in the former experiments (Zoc.cit.), therefore, is not to be regarded as formed frJm dipentene but from the cymeno present, and to some extent from the terpinene, which, when oxidised by nitric acid, yields a smaller but appreciable arnoiint of this acid. The paper concludes with a short discussion of some theoretical points having reference chiefly to the forniule which have been ascribed to pinerie and camphene. “97. “Sulphonic derivatives of camphor.” By F. StElnley Kipping, Ph.D., D.Sc., and W. J. Pope. The study of these compounds has been entered upon, in order, if possible, to throw light OD the changes which attend the form;rtion of acetylorthoxylene. &c., from camphor and sulphuric acid (cf. Arm-strong aiid Kipping, Trans., 1893, 25). The preparation of camphorsulphonic acid has been attempted by several chemists, but up to the pre>eut with a uniform lack of success ; the authors found, however, that it may be prepared by the inter- action of anliydrosulphuric acid containing about 15 per cent.of anhydride and dry powdered camphor : very vigorous action ensues on adding the acid, much heat being liberated, and sulphur dioxide is evolved, on pouring the acid liquid on to ice, very little camphor separates. To purify the product, the sodium salt prepared from the solution is submitted to the action of phosphorus pentnchloride, and, by a. somewhat tedious process, camphorsulphunk chloride, ClOHI50.SO2C1,is obtained in colourless crystals which are a mixture of of1tically different modificatio~is very difficult to resolve.The isolation of a pure sulphonic derivative of camphor in the manner described is by no means easy, several other products being simul-t+meously formed in large quautities. According to Marsh and Cousins (Trans., 1891,967) cnmphowulph-oriic acid is not formed by the interaction of chlorosnlphonic acid and camphor dissolved in clrloroforzn. The authors find, however, that camplior is readily sulphonated by chlorosulyhonic acid in absence of a solvent; the action procetds without any noticeable carboilisation or evolution of sulphur dioxide. The sulphonic chloride prepartad from this product, like that already referred to, is a mixture of optically di&:rent isomerides. What appears to be the pure dextrorotatory form of the sulpho- cbloride crystallises in tetrahedra melting at 136-137O.Prior to tlie isolation of the active chloride, the following deriva- tives were prepared from a nearly pure inactive pioduct :-Cariiy/,oi.suZp/lonumide, C10H150.SOZNH2,obtained by the action of aqueous or alcoholic ammonia on the sulphonic cliloiaide : six-sidcd, transpwreiit, coloiirless, monosjmmetric plates (a :b :c = W82L :I : 1.U47 ;/3 =81" 4'),melting at 134-135". Ca.nzlrhorsirZ~honic acid,. C,,H,,O*SO,H. The sulphonic chloride is slowly bydroll-sed by boiling water ; the acid crystallises in arborescent fornis, and is very deliquescent ; it melts at 58-60". Its aqueous solution dissolves zinc or mngnesiurn with evolution of hydrogen ; a series of well-defined salts has been obtained.The action of anhydrosulphuric acid on the haloid derivatives of camphor is much less violent tliau when cdmphor itself is employed. Anliydrosulphurio acid dissolves bromocamphor with slight rise of temperature, girlrig an amber coloured solution of sulphoriic acid, completely soluble in water. The sodium salt, prep:iretl in the usual way, gives on treatment with pliosphorus peutacliloride a, Cronzo- 7 can~p7~orsulphonicchloride,C,,,H,,BrO*SO,CI, which can be separated from a quantity of dark oil accompanying it by suitable methods. The purified substance crystallises from chloroform in magnificent octahedra, melting at 136-1 37". The crystals are colourless and transparent, and may be readily obtained several centimetres iu d iitmctm.Marsh and Cousins (Trans., 1891, 974) have prepared a Bulphonic chloride of similar composition by the action oE chlorosulphonic acid on b~*omocamphor. They describe the substance as ''a black, semi- crystalline solid.'' A repetition of their work showed this substance to be merely an impure forni of the one now described ; the identity ol' the chlorides from the two source3 having been established by the ordinary means and by crystallographic measuremelit s. The chloride has a high rotatory power--[alD= about +128" in chloroform solution. ~?~omocam~ho~suZ~honicacid, C,,H,,BrO*SO,H, is readily obtained by boiling the chloride with water. It forms large, pyramidal shaped crystals, which are somewlict hpgroscopic aud very soluble in water.The anhydrous acid mtlts at 195-196" ; the aqueous solu-tion dissolves zinc and niagnesium. The acid is described by Marsh and Cousins as a " black tarry mass." The salts generally crystalllm well, and have been examined cr~stallographically. The sulphonamide ciystallises in long, silky needles, and melts at 141-145". Chlui.oL'U,r/phorsuI~hon ~c cll Zuricle, C,,H,,ClO*S0,C 1, obtained in an aiialogous manlier, crystallises in massive, colonrless octahedra, indis- tingitislable in appearance froin the brdmo-derivative. It melts at 123-124". [aID= about +llOo in chloroform solution. This sub-stance as described by Marsh and Cousins (Zoc. cit.) as a " micro-crystalline, black solid.'' On boiling with water the chloiide yields cltEo,.ocan?.phoi.sul?~honic UC:'~,CIoH,,C10*SO,H, which crystallises in hygi oscopiu, rectangular plates ; it itfiords a series of well-detined salts.ri1lie aminonium salts of bromo-and chloro-camphorsullbhonic acids are especially interesting from a ciytallographir: point of view. l'l,ssessed of optical activity when in solation, they crystalhe in iilonosjmmetric prisms exhibiting hemimorphism and showing st t-ongly marked py~oelectrical properties. Tue further investigation of these sulphonic derivatives, and of the bye-products which are formed in their preparation, is in progress. 98. "The preparation of dinitro-a-naphthylamine [NH,:NO2 : NO? = 1 : 2 :41, from its acetyl and valeiyl aerivatives." By R.Meldola, F.R.S.,and M. 0. Forster, Ph.D. A simple method of preparing this compound was described by one of the authors in a note published in 1886 (Ller., 19, 2683) j other investigators having experienced difficul tips, or having altogether failed. in obtaining it by this method, we have bpen led to reinvesti- gate the snbjevt, and ctin confirm the practicability of the process formerly denxibed. The difficulty experienced by other workers has, no doubt, arisen from using the hydrolysing agent (sulphuric acid) eit,her too strong or too weak. The following details mar, therefore, be found useful :-The a-acetnaphthalide is nitrated in glacial acetic acid in the usual way, using R little more Lhan the theoretical quantity of fuming nitric acid.It will he found advantageous to divide the operation into two stages, addincr one half of the nitric acid to the well-cooled solution in the first place and then allowine to stand over night, so that the mixed mnnonitro-n- acetnaphthalides are formed at a low temperature. The solntion is warmed the following day in a water-bath till the crrstalline mononifro-derivatives have dissolved up, when the other half of the nitric acid is addpd. The dinitro-dcrirntive soon fora s, and the solution hepins to solidify while still hot. The whole maw fnrms a pulp of crystals when cold. The mother liquor being sqrieezed out,, the crystals are wnslied with water, drained and purified by heinq boiled up with alcohol and allowed to cool.Very little of the dinitro-a-acetnaphthalideis lost by this treatment,, as the compoiind is but slightly soluble in cold alcohol. R,esinous impurities, which interfere with the pnrity of the subsequent product, are removed b.y the alcohol. The alcoholic extraction may be repeated if necessary. The piirified dinitro-derivative, when dry, is easily liydrolysed by heating to the temperatiire of boiling water for about an hour with R mixture of equal volumes of strong sulphuric acid and water (50 grams dinitro-compound, 150 C.C. strong sulphuric acid and 350 C.C. of water). The product is poured into cold water, collected, waqhe(l and crvstr~llised from somewhat dilute alcohol with the addition of animal charcoal till it has the correct melting point (237'' from alcohol ).While engaged in these experiments, it appeared to be of interest to ascertain the effect of lighter arid heavier acid rndicles in fiicilitnt,-ing or rdarding hydrolysis by siilphuric acid. It WRS found thitt, forw~onapFthalide could not he converted into a dinitro-deri vative in glacial acetic acid. Even when a large excess of nitric acid is uscd, the prodiict, is mononitroformonaphthalide. Nitrogen found : ( 1) 13.08, (11) 12.99, per cent. ; calculated for monnnitro-derivatire, 12.96 per cent. ; calculated for dinitro-derivative, 16.09 per cent. It evidently consists of a mixtiire of bomerides, as no compound of a definite melting point was isolated; much resin is also formed during. the ni+rat,ion.Vulei-onuphthdidewas prepared by boiling a-naphthylamine with excese of "anhydrous vderianic acid " (Hopkin and Willinms) for at least 36 hours. The product fuses to an oil under hot water, and is purified by successive agitation with hot water, dilute ammonia, dilute chlorhydric acid (to remove unaltered naphthylamine) and finally with water. The resinons cake thus obtained gradually becomes a crystalline mass on stmiding in the cold. One or two crystallisations from dilute alcohol render the compound sufficiently pure for nitra-tion. A specimen was purified for analysis by repeated alternate crystallisations from alcohol and benzene. The pure compound forms white, silky needles melting at 125-126" and gradually becoming violet on exposure to air and light; on analysis, it was found to contain 78.95 carbon, 7-79 bvdrogen and 6.25 nitrogen, the values calculated for CloH7*NH*C,Hg0being 79-29 carbon, 7-48 hydrogen, 6.17 nitrogen.The nitration is easily effected by dissolving the substance in glacial acetic acid and at once adding to the cold solution a little more than the theoretical quantity of fuming nitric acid'diluted with an equal wlume of glacial acetic acid. It is best to start with a cold saturated solution of the valeronaphthalide in glacial acid. After adding the nitric acid, the solutioii may be allowed to stand for SOIIIC hours in the cold and then warmed to 70-80" for about 15 minutes The nitration is complete by that time, the dinitro-derivative slow ly separating out on cooling.The crystalline cake thus obtained is first washed with water and then purified by crystalliabtion from alcohol, in which the diuitro-derii ative is much more soluble than the corre- sponding dinitro-acetnaphthalide. If,duriiig nitration, decomposit icm sets in with effervescence, the contents of the vessel must be at once cooled, or the product will be found to be much contaminated with resinous matter, md the yield will be considerably diminished. TTVO experimental batches were lost by neglecting tlris precaution. Dinitrovnle~onapl~ll~al~~e, purified by cqhtallisation fl-onlwhen alcohol and glacial acetic acid successively, forms pale, straw-coloured, silky needles, having a melting poirlt of 218". It is rapidly converted into dinitro-a-naphthol by boiling with dilute alkali.A purified specirr~en was analysed with the following re. snlts :-C'ai*hon 5743, hydrcgen 4.96, nitrogen 13.11. The valucbs calculated for C,,H,( XO.J2*NH*C5H9Obeing -Carbon 56.78, hgdru-gen 4.73, nitrogen 13.24. This compound appears to be more readily hgdrolyscd than tl e acetyl derivative. The proportions of acid, water and substance found effective were :--30 grams dinitro-compound, 600 gr*ams strong sulphuric acid, 60 grams water; after heating for 10-15 minutes in a water-bath, the product is preripitated by Fouring the mixture into cold water and treated as in the case oE the acetyl de- 10 rirative. We have not mmle a series of exact comparisons between the acetyl and valeryl derivatives with the object of rneasuritig the relative rates of Irydrolysis.It,appears, however, frorn our experiments, that valeryl is more easily removed than acetyl without deeper de-CompoPition of the dinitro-derivative into resinous products, and this seetiis to point to the conclusion hat,there is an advantage in starting with a naphthalide contairiing a radicle heavier than acet,yl. On the other hand, glacial acetic acid is so much cheaper than its higher homologues, that from an economical point of view the dinitro-a-acetnaphthalide will be foond the most advantageous com- pound to employ for the preparation of dinitro-a-uaphthylatnine. It is proposed to prepare a large quantity of the latter by the method.described, with the ob,ject of extending our knowledge of the meta- di-derivatives of naphthalene, for t'he preparation of which the irietadiriitronaphthalene, obtained by the diazo-me thod, will, it is hoped, furnish a convenient source. We have received valuable assistance in conducting these experiments from Messrs. E. M. Hawkins and F. B. Burls, two cf the third-year studeuts of the Flusbury Teclinical College, to whom we wish to express our thanks. 99. "Thionyl bromide." By P. J. Hariog and W. E. Sims. The authors have prepared thionyl bromide by the interaction of scdium bromide and thionyl chloride, obtaining it in the form of a deep crimsou liquid of the relative density i.68 at 18"C. ; the colour is, however, poshibly due to the presence of a small quantity of certain sulphur bromides : though their aiilount is small, hitherto it has not been found possible to deprive th ionyl bromide of these impurities.At 153)"thioiiyl broniide undergoes a complex decomttosition, yielding bromine arid sulphur bronjides. It is extremely hygroscopic aiicl must be preserved ill sealed tubes. 100."Desulphwisation of the substituted thioureas." By Augustus E. J Dixon, M.D. Some years ago (C. 8.Trans.,1889, 618) tlie author pointed out tliiit certain disuhstituted parafinoid thioureas are iiot desulphurised when boiled witli an alkalilie solution of a lead salt : having since ob-ta ned data concerning a cousiderable number of thioureas, the fol- lowing conclusioiis are drawn as to their behaviour with the agent in question :-1.The monosubstituted thioureas are all desulphurised. 2. The tri-(and probably also tlie tetra-) substituted thioureas are not. 3. Disubstituted thioureas contahinq one or more benzenoid groups are desulptiurised, bub not if such pups be absent. 11 In the case of thionrens containing the ally1 group the results are less sharp t81ianwherc alkyl residues are concerned : in the case of the former a trifling separation of lead sulphide is occasionally observed, but the amount produced varies from nil to enough to slight,ly darken t,he mixture; the effect in these cases is attributed to the difficulty encountered in obtaining the ally1 derivatives in a purt: condition. The following compounds are described :-sy ~ti.-L)ii.~obwtyZthiouret~, CSN,H,( C,H,),.-Colourless, rhombic plates, melting at 87-48". Di-(sec.) -but!/lthiuurea, CSN,H, (C4H9)2.-Small, colourless prisms, melting at 100--1~1" (uncorr.). Methyl- !sec.)-butyZthioure~, CSN,H,( CH3)(C4H9).--Flattened,rhom-bic ci.ystals, melting at 79-80". Ethyl- (sec.) -buty Zthiouren, CSN?H,(C2H5)CAH,) . -Brilliant, flat-tened crystals, meltipg at 57-58'. Pltenyl-(sec.)-butyZthioi~rea, CSS,H,(C,H6) (C4H9).-Long, colour-less tieedles ; m. p. 100-101" (uncorr.). Diisnu~n!/Zthiourea,CSN2H2(C5H11)2.-Brilliant, small, white prisms ; m. p. 72-73", li~thylisoamylthioirrea, CSN,H,( CK3) ( C5Hil).--Beau tif ul, vitreous rliornbs; m. p. 75-76". ~th~Zi.roamyZthioicrea,CSN,H2(C,H,) (C5Hll).--White, crystalline mass, melting at 45-16". Phe?bylisoainyZthioui-ea, CSN,H, ( GH5)(C5H11) .--Vitreous, rhombic latas, melting at 101-102' (uncorr.).101. '' Salts of active and inactive glyceric acid : the influence of metals on the specific rotatory power of active acids." By Percy F. Frank-land, F.R.S.,and J. R. Appleyard. The authors have prepared arid analyscd a number of salts both of ordinary glyceric asid Rnd of the dextrorotatorg variety previously dt..scribed by P. F. Frankland and Frew (C.S. Trans., 1891, 96) ; the bolubilities of many of them, atid a so the specific rotatory power in the case of the active salts, have been ascrrtitined. TII~composition and sqlubilities of the corresponditig salt,s are contrasted.The specific rot'atory powers of the several salts, determinetl in solutiotrs containing ;iboat 10 per cent., are recordetl in the following table, together with the molarular rotations of the saits and the cal-culatpd specific rotation of the glyceric acid corresponding to each salt :- 12 Molecular rotation, Equivalent Salt. Speci6 3 rotation, specific rotation[=IT, = [MID. oE g1.vceric acid,c4D lCl0 C,H,O,* I Li(C3H50,) ......... -20 -66" -23 -14' -21 *83O Na(C,H,O,). ........ -13 '13 -20 -65 -19 '48 K (C3H504).......... -16-46 -23 '70 --22 '36 K(C,H504)(C.JW.d * -9-28 -23 '10 -10 '90 ....... -18.05 -22 '20 -PO *94NH~(C~H~OJ)Ca(C,H50.,)2. ........ -13.34 -33 -35 -15 "73 Sr(C3H504) ......... -11 -91 -35 a44 -16 -7.2 Ba(C3H504)2........-20 '01 -34 '73 -16 '38 Mg(C3H50J2........ -so -08 --46 -99 -22.16 Zn (C3H504) ........ -23 '63 -65 '05 -30.69 Cd(C38,0J2 ...... -15 029 -49 23 -223.22 The authors point out the variations in the values for the specific rotation of the glyceric acid according to the different metals preseiit in the salt. These values niay be repWe5ented in round numbers, as unity in the case of the acid potassium salt,,1.3 in the case of salts of the alkaline earths, 2 in that of salts of the alkalis, magnesinm ant1 cadmium, and 3 in the case of the zinc salt. They conipare these results with those which have been obtained by ot,her observei s in the case of other active acids and which have led to the generally accepted doctrine that the activity of an acid is influenced by tlie nature of the metal introduced in forming the salt.Tliis doctrine is founded on the observations of H ppe-Seyler on cholalic acid, of Oiidemans on podocarpic and quini: acids, of Hart.mann on camp1)ot ic acid and of Lardolt on tartaric acid. The authors, however, call ntten- tivn to the fandamental opticnl difference between most of these acitls and glyceric acid : thus the rotation of tlie glycerates is both opposite in sign arid much greater in degree than that of the acid, whilht, on the contrary, cholalic and catmphoric acids have a greater rotation tlian may be deduced from their salts ; and podocarpic acid again has practically the same rotation as may be calculated from its s:~lts.Quinic acid, however, has R somewhat higher rotation than that dc- ducible from its salts, and the same relationships between the rotatioils of the quinates subsist in miniature as are exhibited on an exagge- rated sciile by the glycerates : zinc quinate having a distiiictly highev, and barium quinate a distinctly lower, rotation than tliat of the other quinates. In tho case of tartaric acid, again, a much higher rota- tion may be deduced from its salts tbali is shown by the acid, but the s;tits of tartaric acid which have been examined for rotation are just those in n hich only comparatively insigni6cant differences are observable in the case of tl e gljcerates, viz., the salts of the alkaline 13 met,rlIs and magnesium; on the other hand, the excessively high rotation of tartar emetic shows that the ankimonyl group, at any rate, has a most important influence in affecting the rotation of the acid.In the case OE lactic acid, however, there is the fullest analogy to glyceric ad, the rotation oE the lactates being both opposite in sign and much greater in degree t,hm that of the acid, the ratio OF the rotittion in the zinc salt to that in the calcium salt (the only two lactates which have lind their rotation determined) being also almost identical for latic and glyceric acid, being 1.805 and 1.951 respectively. Before drawing any conclusions from these remarkable apparent rela- tionships, the authors intend making a more detrliled investigation of the rotations of these and other salts in solutions of different concentra- tior,.The results, however, as far as they go, appear to lend supporb and to extend the views on multiple rotation which have been expressed by Mnlder (Chem. Zeit., 1868, SS), Krccke (J. pr. Chem., 5 (1672), 6), Landolt (Ber., 6 (1873), 1073), and M. Thomsen (ller., 1880, 2168, 2264, 2269; 1881, ‘29, 134, BU3, 807, 1647), but snbse- quentlg controverted by Landolt (Ber., 1881, 296, 1048) arld Oude- mans (Rec. Trav.Chinz., 188-5). 102. (‘Dibromo-p-lapachone.” By Samuel C. Hooker and A. D. Gray. Dibromo-p-lapachone was first obtained in very small quantity as a, secondary product in the preparation of bromo-/3-lnnnchoiie (cf. Trans., 1892, 640) ; although it was formed in the jrepsration of hromo-/3-lapachone from lapachol, it was, nevertheless, imp~ssible to produce it from bromine arid pure brorno.@-Iapachone.It is now shown that hydrogen bromide plays an important part in the con-version of the mono-into the di-bromo-deriyative, an unstable additive compound of the former with bromine and hydrogen btomide being produced, which slowly passes into dibromo-/j-lapachone. A number of derivatives prepared from dibromo-P-lapachone are de- scribed. 103. “ The conversion of para-into ortho-quinone derivatives.” BySamuel C. Hooker. The author annoiinces that he will subsequently adduce experi- mentnl evidence showing that, both in the lapachol and other groups, componnds derired from a-niphbhaquinone, of the type represented hy formula I, are far more readily converted by the action of :witis into anhydrides derived from 8-naplithaquinoue (11)than, as might, perhaps, have been expected, into anhydrides of the x-quinotie type (111).co c-0 co A/\c.s -ill 1 Ill'ii'il"".""/'\/\c. k \/\/OHco \/A/ \/\POCO I. 11. 111. Thus, t'he beii~aI-t3is-hy~i~oxy-a-i.a)>htha~uino~ieof Zincke and Thelen (Bey., 21,2203) is quantitatively converted into an anhydride derived from the p-quinonc. A variety of sirriilar compounds, derived frf m aldehydes other than benzitldehydrs, have been prepared. It will also he shown t'hat,,as in the case of the p-lapnchones, the convtwe change of /3-qninone anhydi+les into a-quinone derivative3 is easily effected by boiling with dilute solutions of caustic alkali. It is proposed to extend the experiments to hydroxgquinones generally.104. "The nitro-derivatives of phenolphthalein." By John A. Hall, M.Sc. The anthor calls attention to previous incidzntal references to nitro-derivatives of phenolphthalein by Rnoyer (AnnuZen, 202,73), Firtnde (ihid., p. 154) and 0.Fiwher (ibid., 206,9!4). As a pure diGitro-derivativewas not obtained by nitrating a sulphuric acid solution, pheuolphthalein was dissolved in 10 times its weight of acetic acid ; a mixture of nitric acid and acetic acid was slowly addcd to the solution, keeping the temperature below 10"; 2 mols. of nitric acid were required by each 11101. of phenolphthaleiu. After a time, a considerable quantity of yellow needles separated, which, after repeated recrystallisations, melted constantly at 196".A nitrogen determination gave 6-91per cent. ; that calculated for dinityophenol-phthalein, C,,,H,,O,N,, is 6.86 per cent,. Dinitrophenolphthnlein forms yellow needles, fairly soluble in acetic acid and i11~0hol; It dissolves in alkalis with a yellow colour, but has practically no affinity for ariirnnl fibres. On reduction with sodiuui slilphide, it yields a fine blue solution, which, however, is very un-stable. E'rande states that, on redui.tion, his dinitrocre~olpht1i;~leiii yielded a blue solution, from which he isolated an nmido-componnd, but apparently did not analjse it. Some attempts were made to con-cc Indense phthalic anhydride and ortho- or p:wa-nitrophenol, but without success.Tefranitrophmolpht7~al&n.-Phenolphthalein dissolved in five tin-ea its weight of siilphuric pcid wax nitrated with 2 mol. proportions of' nitric acid at about 10" ; the mixture was allowed to stand about) two hours, and its temperature was then raised tc) from 20" to 30"and kept between these limits during the addition of another equal weight of nitric acid; as this second part of the nitration did not seem t,n proceed so rapidly as the first, the mixture was allowed to stand 12 hours, then poured into a large volurne of water: the nitro-compound separated as a Ivhite precipitate, which was filtered aiid washed till free from sulphuric acid. The dried product proved to contain about 75 per ceiit,.of a substance solublc in cold acetic acid 10 the extent of only about 1per cent., which, hy repeated recrystallisn- tions from acetic acid or a mixture of phenol and a1cnho1, was oh-tained of a constant melting point (244-245") A nitrogen deter- mination gave 10.89 per cent. ; hat cslcnlated for tetranitrophenol-phthalein, C,,,FI,,O,,N,, is 112. Tetranitrophenolphthalein is difficultly Foluble in most ordinary solvents ; it forms pale yellow, indistinct crpstals, readily soluble in alkalis ; salts of the heavy metals, as barium, lead :!nd silver, preci- pitate its neutrd solution. The sodium salt is a yellow dye-stuff, sold under the name of aarotine. On alkaline reduction it yields an unstnhle blue colour. It was also observed that when phenolphthaleinsulphonic acid (Annulen, 202.73) was treated with 2 mol. proportions of nitric acid in presence of sulphuric acid, it yielded a soluble nitrosulphonic acid, but when 4mol. proportions of nitric acid were used and the temperature was allowed to rise to 30"C., the product was for the most part insoluble in water and consisted simply of impure te tran ihph en01 ph thalein. The author thanks Mr. F. Moore, B.Sc., for the analytical fiqurps which ere quoted, and Dr. Dreyfus, Managing Director of the Clayton Aniline Company, where the experiments were made, for permissivn to publish the results. 105. A method for the preparation of acetylene." By Morris W. Travers. Mayuenne has recently published (Compf.rend., 189'2) an accouiit of a method of preparing acetylene by the interaction of water and barium carbide, the carbide being made by reducing barium car%-onate wit!h magnesium in the presence of carbon, a method which affords about half the calculated quantity of barium carbide.Wiihler obtained calciurii carbide by heating calcium-zinc alloy with carbon in a graphite crucible. Calcium carbide may be prepared in quantity by reducing calcium chloride with sodium in the presence of carbon. The operation is conducted as follows :-45 grams of sodium are placed at the bottolu of a deep iron bottle, and an intimate mixt,ure of powdercd gas cai*hrjti and calcium chloride whicli has beeu well dried on a hot iron disli is then introduced; the top of the bottle, furnished with a long 16 neck, hsving been screwed OQ, the bottle is heated to bright redness during half an hour ; it is then removed from the fire, stoppered and cooled with water.When broken away from t,he bottle, the product is dark grey in colour and consists of sodium chloride, calcium carbide and the excess of carbon added to render the mass less corn-pzct; usually about 16 per cent. of carbide is formed, which is half the theoretical quantity. In practke. 1 gram of sodium thus con- verted into carbide is found to yield 240 C.C.af acetylene instead of 487 c.c., the calculated equivaletit quantity. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Trait6 g6ndral ci'nnalyse des beurres, par A. J. Zunc. Deux volumes.Paris 1892. From the Author. U.S. Geological Surrey, Mineral Resources of the United States, by D. T. Day. Caletidar years 1889 and 1890. Washington 1892. From the Director of the Survey. Thesis on the action of Sulphuryl Chloride on AcetorthGtoluide and Acetparacoluide, by W. P. Wynne. London 1892. (Pamphlut.) From the Author. Recherches sur les rapports rkciproques des poids atomiques, par J. S. Stas. Bruxelles 1860 (containing autograph of the Author). From W. Crookcs, Esq. Azione dell'etere cianacetico sulle basi organiche, del J. Guareschi. Torino 1892. Sulle cianacethmine e nuovi acidi ossamici, del J. Guareschi. Torino 1892. (Pamphlets.j From the Author. IT. By Purchase. Chemical Lecture Experiments : Non-metallic Elehents, by G.S. Newth. Lcndon 1892. Methodes de travail pour les labomtoires de chimie organique, par Lassar Cohn : traduit de 1'Allemand par E. Ackermann. Paris 1892. Die Mikroorganismen der Garungsindustrie, von A. Jorgensen. Dritte Adage. Berlin 1898. Lcitt'aden fur Zuckerfabi.ikcliemiker zur Untersuchnng der in 2iickel.fabrikation vorkommende Produkte und Hilfsstofle, von E. Preuss. htanipulativns de Cliiulie, par E. Jungflrisch. Seconde &lition. Paris 1892. 17 Jahrbucli der Chemie, herausgegeben von R. Neyer. I. Jahrgang, 1891. Frankfurt a.M. 1892. Lehrbuch der Allgemeinen Chemie, von W. Ostwald. Band TI. Cheniische Energie : erste Halfte. Leipzig 1898. Chemische Praparatenkunde, von A. Bender and H. Erdrnann. Rand I.Anorganische Prapnrate, von A. Bender, Stuttgart 1893. Die Bestimmung des Molekulrtrgewichts in theoretischer und praktischer Beziehung, von R. Windisch. Berlin 1892. C hemisch-technische Untersuchungsmethoden der Gross-Indust rie, der Versuchsstationen und Handelslaboratorien, herausgegeben von E’. Bockmann. Dritte Auflage : Zwei Bande. Berlin 1892. Die Sulfosauren der beiden Naphtylamine und der beiden Naphtole, zusammengestellt von E. Tauber. Berlin 1892. Kurxe Auleitung zur Auffindung der Gifte und stark wirkender Arzneistoff e, von W. Autetirieth. Freiburg i.B. 1892. Leitfaden fiir den Unterricht in der Chemie, von R. Arendt. Vierte Auflage. Hamburg und Leipzig 1892. Die Imido-ather und ihre Derivate, von A. Pinner. Berlin 1896. Les Phosphates de chsax naturels, par P.Hubert. Paris 1892. Specielle Met.hoden der Annlyse-Anleitung zur Anwend ung physikalischer Methoden in der Chemie-von G. Kruss. Haniburg und Leipzig 1892. St&r&ochemie, nouvelle 6dition de “Diu Ann&es dans l’histoire d’uue thhorie,” par J. H. Van’t Hoff, redig& par W. Meyerhofier, Paris 1892. Anleitung zur chemischen und mikroscopischen Untersuchung des Harnes, von A. Daiber. Leipzig und Wien 1896. Die Technologie der Fette und Oele des Pflanzen- und Thierreichs, vm C. Schaedler. Zweite Adage, bearbeitet von P. Lohmann. Leipzig 1892. Gesammel te Abhandlungen iiber Pflanzea-Physiologie, von J. Sachs. Band I. Leipzig 1892. Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, by Ira, Remsen. London 1889.KOPP MEMORIAL LECTURE. An extra meeting of the Society will be held on February 20tb, 1893, at 8 P.M., the anniversary of the death of Hermann Kopp, when a lecture will be delivered by Professor Thorpe, F.R.S. CERTIFICATES OF CANDIDATES FOR ELECTION AT THE NEXT BALLOT. N.D.-The names of those who sign from “General Knowledge” are printed in italics. The following Candidates will be balloted for on February 16th, 1893:-Boone, William Thomas, 6, Mount Pleasant Road, Tottenham. Schoolmaster. Bachelor of Science, London University. Organis-ing Secretary of North London Science and Art Classe~, Tottenham, N, Lecture;- in Theoretical and Teacher of Practical Chemistry in connection with these classes. Robert R.Steele. G. Stillingfleet Johnson.W. Popplewell Bloxam. Vi‘cianB. Lewes. Wrn. J. McKerrow. Broc kbank, John Edwin, The Croft, Kirksanton, vic2 Carnforth. Analytical Chemist. Chief Assistant to the County Analyst for Cumberland and Westmorelsnd. Robert Hellon. William Henry Watson. Archibald Kitchin. Geo. J. Snelus. Thmas Purdie. Brooke,Edward, West Court Chalk, Gravesend, Kent. Analytical Chemist. Two years in the Laboratory of the Pharma- ceutical Society, and still engaged in Chemical Investigation. Joint Author of “ Cdhstituents of Pareira,” and other papers (Phurm. J., 22, Series 3). T. A. Ellwood. E. E. Bnmett. E. P. Parry. Edward D. Cravill. H. Helbing. D’Albuquerqne, John Pedrozo, Barbados, W.I. Professor of Chemistry. B.A. Cambridge.1st Class in both of 19 the Natural Sciences Tripos. Late Scholar of St. John’s College. F.I.C. Government Professor of Chemistry, Barbados, W.I. G. D. Liveing. H. J. H. Fcnton. J. T. Hewitt. S. Ruhemann. A. Hutchinaon. William A. Tilden. James Deuiar. Charles T.Xeycock. Cowan, William James, 77, Trinity Road, Wood Green, London, N. Fine Chemical Colour Manufacturer of Messrs. Holmes and Sons, Ouseburn, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Studied under Dr. Brass, of Coblenz, Dr. Seligrnann, of Cologne, and Dr. Klingell, of Munich, also in thw technical laboratory of the Baedische Anillne Company. Have been engaged in the manufacturing of high class chemical colours for many years ; more recently have specially studied the preparation of the organic lakes, of which my firm now manufacture over 600 varieties.A. P. Laurie. James Mactear. D. A. Sutherland. Henry Seward. John Pattinsow. Davies, Daniel 0.Sydney, Rhydfallen, Stonebridge Park, Willesden, London, N.W. Lecturer in Physics and Chemistry to the Staffordshire County Council, and Science Master, Alleyne’s Grammar School, Uttoxeter. Graduate in Science (B.Sc.) University of London. Lecturer in Physics and @hemistry to the Staffordshire County Council, 1 year. Science Master Alleyne’s Grammar School, Uttoxeter, 1 year. Science Master Shebben College, Devon, 1891, 1year. James J. Dobbie. George McGow an. Alexander Lauder. Charles iX. Adams. Thomas Isherwocd. Davey, George, Las Trojas, Angangnes, Michoacan, Mexico. Chemist. 4 years Student in the Mining Schools and Cheinicel Laboratory of the Miners’ Association of Cornwall and Devon Inorganic Chemistry and Practical Qualitative and Quantitative Chemical Analysis.First Advanced in Practical Inorganic Chemistry, 1880, Second Advanced in Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, 1880, Science and Art Department, South Kensington. At present Metal- lurgist and Analyst to the Michoacan Railway and Mining Company, Las Trojas Smelting Works, Mexico. Wm. Frank Grace. John J. Beringer. W. Terrill. William T.Burgess. George 1’.Holloway. Dreyfus, Charles, Ph.D., &c., Clayton Aniline Company, Limited, Clayton, Manchester. Chemical Manufacturer. Director of the Clayton Aniline Corn- pmy, Limited, and General Managcr of the Works.Researches on Purification of Sewage, Improvements in preparation cf Chemical Substances (patented). Discovery of New Aniline Dyes, &c. J. Carter Bell. R. Le Neve Foster. Harry Grimshaw. Wm. Beaumont Hart. John A. Hal!. Howard C. Sacre. Duffon, Felix, B.A.,D.Sc., Spring Wood House, New Cross Street, Bradford. Science Master. Late Assistant Denionstrator in Cambridge Uni-versity Laboratory. Fellow of‘Trinity College, Cambridge. G. D. Liveing. Alexander Scott. A. Hutchinson. M. M. Pattison Muir. S. Ruhemann. H. J. H. Fentott. Henry E. Armstrong. Wiiliam A. Tilden. Elias, James, Briton Ferry, Qlamorgan shire. Surgeon. M.R.C.S. (Eng.). D.H.P. (Camb.). Studied Chemisty- for 2 years at Aberystwith College; then proceeded to Owens College, and studied Chemistry under Sir H.Roscoe. Went through 5 years’ Medical Curriculum at the latter College. Also studied at the State Medicine Laboratories, King’s College, paying special attention to Chemistry in connection with Sanitary Science. At present engaged in Food Analyses and Bacteriological work. H. E. Roscoe. Walter Thorp. .R. Phillips Bedson. Herbert Eccles. Rhys P. Charles. Elmore, AIexander Stanley, Thwaite Gate, Leeds. Electro-Metallurgist. Studied at the South London School of Chemistry for two years under Dr. J. Muter and Mr. L. de Koningh ; then engaged for about 22 months on a series of experiments to determine the actiozl of chlorine upon various metallic sulphides at different temperatures ; then served two years in the electro-chemical laboratory of the Electrolytic Company, of London, principally upon experimental work; for the following three years engaged in the electrolytic refining of copper, and for the last four years engaged in research work in connection with the electro-deposition of copper, zinc, lead, and other metals.Also consulting Electro-Metallurgist. Watson Smith. Eredc. H. Bowman. John Muter. Leonard de Koningh. Thomas Wardle. John Knowles. J. Carter Bell. George H. Hzcrst. Harry Grimshnw. 21 Evans,John Henry, 71, Lambton Road, Cottenham Park, Wimbledon. Three years with W. H. Coahes, M.B., F.G.S., &c., Analyst, 1887-90. Dispenser at the French Dispensary, with Herbert Painter; St.George’s and St. James’s Dispensary (5 years). In private practice now. W. H. Coates. Alfred E. Pike. R. Grimwood. Ernest P. Parry. A. W. Oxford. A. W. Gerrard. Fuller, Frederick George, 52, Queen Victoria Street, E.C., and 19, Brunswick Square, W.C. Metallurgical Chemist. Formerly pupil of the late Dr. Augustus Voclcker. Have practised as a Metallurgical Chemist, and am in- terested in chenlical and other scientific research. Herbert E. Kirby. Leonard T. Thorne. William Ramsay. Edwin Richardson Rlzcndstone. T. E. Thorpe. Elearth, Arthur John, 1, Grove Villas, Redland, Bristol. Tutor. As student, have gone through the wholc coursc at Uni- versity College, Bristol (Theoretical and Practical), and taking thc Honours Course in Chemistry, have passed the B.A.Examination of the Royal University, Ireland. Teacher of Chemistry in Upper Class Schools in Clifton. Given occasional Popular Lectures in Bristol. Sydney Young. Arthur Richardson. Ernest H. Cook. Thos. Coomber. J. William James. Huntly, George Nevill, 56, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey. Demonstrator in State Medicine Tdaboratories, King’s College, London. Associate of the Royal College of Science, London. Have published papers in the Journal of the Society. (1.) With Professor Japp, “Action of Phenylhydrazine on an Unsaturated v-Di-ketone.” (2.) “ Action of Phosphoryl Chloride upon Phosphorus Pentoxide.” T. E. T’horpe. William Tate. W. P. Wynne. John M. Thomson. Hepbert Jackson. Lambert, Wesley, 55, Plumstead Common Road, Plumstead.Analyst. Assistant niletallurgical Chemist, Royal Gun Factory, Woolwich. G. Stillingfleet Johnson. A. I(.Huntington. R. Jas. Reddiug. John M. Thornson. Herbert Jackson. Luxmore, Charles M., 529, Battersen Park Road. B.Sc. (London). In 1884 passed the Major Examination of thc Pharmaceutical Society, arid was awarded the Society’s Silver Medal. Now working in the Research Laboratory of the Pliarmaceutical Society. Wyndham R. Dunstan. M. Carteighe. John M. H. Munro. Chas. Umney. W. H. Symons. Marsden, Fred, Bangor, N. Wales. Assistant Lecturer and Demonstrator in Chemistry, University College, Bangor. B.Sc. (Honours in Chemistry), Victoria University. Ph.D., Heidelberg University. Dissertation, “ Zur Kenntniss des Acetylens,” “Ueber die Reduction des Benzols~zoorthokresetols.” James J.Dobbie. Alexander Lauder. G. H. Bailey. W. H. Perkin, Jun. Arthur Harden. Mole, Herbert Bloome, Hillside, Shepton Mallet. For three years a Student in Chemistry at thc Ccntral Institution, under Dr. Armstrong. For two years Assistant Chcmist at Messrs. Gartoti, Hill, and Co.’s Sugar Factory. Henry E. Armstrong. John Heron. E. R. Moritz. Chas. Geo. Metthews. Jas. O’Sullivan. Owen, Robert Henry, Plas-y-Coed, TroedyrEiw, near Merthyr Tydfil. Analytical Chemist. Chief Analytical Chemist (several Assistants under him) at the Cyfarthfa Steel Works of Messrs. Crawshay, Brothers, Ld. Henry Heywood. G. T. Evans. John Wm. Stanley.Geo. J.Snnelus. Leonard 4rchLutt. €2. W. Atkinson. Platt, Charles, A.C., Buffalo, N.Y., U.S.A. Analytical and Consulting Chemist, the Vandenburgh Laboratory of Chemical Industry. Graduate in Chemistry, Lehigh University ; Assistant Chemist Cambria Iron Works ; Chief Chemist with Thos. A. Edison ; at present Secretary and Treasurer for the V-andenbergh Laboratory of Chemical Industry of Buffalo, N.Y., U.S.A. Assoc. Editor, Erqineering Jinyiuine, Now York City, Author of Articles 23 in Science, N.Y., The Engineering and Mining Journal, N.P., Thc Annals of Hygiene, Philadelphia. Lionel R. Leriox. W. H. Chandler. Ernest A. Congdon. Edgar F. Smith. Theodore G. Wormley. A. B. Grifiths. Southwell, Charles Henry, Boston. Analytical Chemist.Some time Laboratory Manager for Messrs. Wyley and Go., Coventry. Pharmaceutical Chemist. F.R.M.S. Public Analyst for the Administrative County of the Parts of Hdland, Lincolnshire. Arthur W. Clayden. E. Wightman Bell. W. F. Wyley. By.Williams Jones. Jas. Baymes. Thackrah, James Robert, M.A.,Ph.D., Technical Schools, Plymouth. Demonstrator and Assistant Lecturer in Chemistry at the Plymouth Science, Art, and Technical Schools. Worked for three years in the University Laboratory at Oxford. Worked for four years in the University Laboratory at Leipzig. B.A., Oxford, 1886. Ph.D , Leipzig, 1891. Subject of Thesis for Leipzig Degree, "A Condensation Product of Crotonic Acid, and its Change into B-Oxybntyric Acid." R. Elliot Steel.W. W. Fisher. John Watts. Arthur Colefax. Wm. Odling. 7.H. Velsy. Towers, John William, Brantwood, Allerton, near Liverpoo!. Manufacturing Chemist and Laboratory Furnisher. Second Class Honours, and distinguished in Chemistry, Cambridge Local Examina- tion, 1870. Studied under Sir H. E. Roscoe, Owens College, 18i2. Five years with Messrs. J. Hutchinson and Go., Widnes, as Chemist. Five years with the Atlas Chemical Co., Widnes, as Chemist. Ten years in business manufacturing pure acids and chemicals, and as 'Laboratory Furnisher at Widnes. Edward Davies. John Hargreaves. R. Dormer. John H. J. Dagger. Ed ward Rhodes. Alfred Smetham. F. H. Tate. James Hargreaves. Tyrer, Charles Thomas, Stirling Chemical Works, Stratford, E.Manufacturing Chemist ; at present in charge of Tyrer and Co.'s 24 Laboratories. Student in the Finsbury Technical College under Pro-fessor Meldola, Y.R.S.,and Messrs. Streatfeild and Evans, and now Works Chemist and Manager. Rudolph Messel. David Howard. C. R. Alder Wright. Willm. Thorp. Arthur R. Ling, Chas. Umney. James Dewar. Umney, John Charles, 50, Southwark Street, London, S.E. Manufacturing Chemist. Studied for two years in the School of the Pharmaceutical Society. Silver and Bronze Medallist in Practical Chemistry. Passed the Major Examination of the Society. Worked subsequently for one session in the Research Laboratory of the PharmaceuticaJ Society. Joint author, with Professor Dunstan, of “The Alkaloids of true Aconitum napellus ” (J.Chem. Soc.? lS92), also author of several papers published in the Pharm. J.,1888-1892. Wyndham R. Dunstan. M. Carteighe. John At tiield. Thnmas Tyrer. TVilliarn A. Tilden. David Howard. Wheeler, William Ernest, Cumberland House, Meynell Road, S. Hackney, N.E. Assistant Analytical Chemist at Messrs. Lewis Berger and Co.’s Colour Factory, Homerton. Studied Chemistry at King’s College Evening Classes under Mr. Geo. Stillingfleet Johnson, 1888-1889. Four years engaged in the Chemical Laboratory at Messrs. Berger’s Works, Homertm. Is likewise partly qualified as an Electrical En- gineer. Willm. Thorp. R. Tervet. John Spiller. G. Stillingfleet Johnson. D. A. Sutherlaiad. W. Sharman. Wills, Herbert, LL.D., Fern Bank, Halliwell, near Bolton.Schoolmaster and Author. Student, First Class Certificates, Science and Art Department, London. Teacher of Chemistry ; Author. William Brandwood Mason. Edw. W. Napper. Thomas Cockerill. William Ward. Wm. Thos. Cent. Wood, John Cundell, 3, Belford Terrace, Sunderland. Medical Officer of Health. Physician to Fever Hospital, and Public Analyst for Borough of Sunderland. Lic. Col. Physicians ; 25 Lic. Col. Surgcons, and holder of Diploma of Public Health, Edin-burgh, &c. John Hunter. Charles Ranken. W. Dixon. John C. Hewlett. John Pattinson. Hugh Erat Harrison. Charles J. Wilsort. M. F. Purcell. Carl von Buch. The following Candidates are recommended by the Council for ballot under Bye-law I (para, 3) :-Dunnington, Francis P., Charlottesville, Va., U.S.N.A.Professor of Analytical and AgriculturaI Chemistry, University of Virginia. For the last 20 years a Professor of Chemistry in the University of Virginia. Author of published papers “On the Chemical Composition of the Ashes of certain widelg-distributed Weeds ;” “ On Snalyses of Alicrolite, Monazite, Columbite, and Orthite ;” “ On a Filtration Balance ;” “ On the Formation of Manganese Deposit’s ;” “ On the Estimation of Titanium by means of Hydrogen Dioxide ;” ‘‘ On the Distribution of Titanium in Rocks and Soils,” &c.; also of several papers on the results of laboratory work loy students under under his direction. J. W. Mallet. F. P. Venable. W. G.Brown. Haller, Albin, 14, Rue de Metz, A Nancy, France. Directeur et Professeur de 1’Instit)ut chimique de la Facult6 des Sciences de Nancy. Travaux et publications : “Recherches sur les camphols et les camphres, camphre cyan8, cyanoalcoyl8, wide hydr- oxg-camphocarboniqne, &c.” ; “ Sur une nouvelle classe de compos8s A reactions acide, Ethers cyanomal&inique, acetylcganoac&ique, benzoylcyanac&ique, propion ylcyanacetique, &c.” ; “Recherches sur les urbcs, sur le fonction de l’acide camphorique ”; “ Synthese de l’acide citrique,” en collaboration avec M. Held ; ‘‘Recherches SUT’ les acides cyanosuccinique, cyanotricarballylique,” en collaboration avec M. Barthe,” &c., &c. Correspondant de 1’Institut de France et de l’Acad8mie de MBdecine.Henry E. Armstrong. W. Ramsay. J. H. Gladstone. Martin, William J., Junr., X.D., Charlottesville, Va., U.S.N.A. Instructor in Chemistry, University of Virginia. Now Assistant to the hnior Professor of Chemistry in the Universi6y of Virginia. 26 Formerly Acting Professor of Chemistry in Davidson College, North Carolina. A competent Teacher of T hool.eticiL1 and Practical Chemistry. J. W. Mallet. W. G. Brown. F. P.Venabls. Wait, Chas. E., Knoxville, ‘rent? ., U.S.NnL4. Professor of Chemistry, University of Tennessee. Formerly, and for several years, Professor of Chemistry in and Director of the State School of Mines at Rolls, Missouri. Author of published papers on “ The Antimony Deposits of Arkansas,” on “ A Sample of Melanterite,” on “The Analysis of Bindheimite,” on ‘bANew Machine for Making Assay Cupels,” on “ The Use of Gasolene Vapour as Fuel in Chemical Laboratories,” on “ The Condition of Silver in a Sample of Bismuth Litharge,” &c.J. W. Mallet. F. P. Venablo. W. G. Brown. Walke, Willoughby, Fort Monroe, Va., U.S.N.A. First Lieutenant, 5th U.S. Artillery. Instructor in charge of Department of Chemistry and Explosives, U.S. Artillery School. Has for several years taught the subjects in his charge to the Artillery Officers of the U.S. Army, who are sent in classes to the Artillery School at Fort Monroe. Author of manuals and pamphlets on “Gunpowder,” on “ High Explosives,” on “ Chemical Analysis,” used as text-books in the School ; also of a paper on “ The Deter- mination of the Strength of Various High Explosives.” J.W. Mallet. P. P. Venable. W. G. Brown. White, Henry C., Athens, Georgia, U.S.N.A. Professor of Chemistry, University of Georgia. For the last twenty years Professor of Chemistry in the University of Georgia, and for ten years also Official Chemist of the State of Georgia: now also Vice-Director of the State Agricultural Experiment Station. Author of published papers on ‘‘ The Chemistry of the Cotton Plant,” on “ The Marls of Southern Georgia,” on “A Modification of Ruffle’A Method for the Determination of Nitrogen,” on “Methods of Deter-mining Phosphoric Acid in Comrueroial Fertilisers,” on ‘‘Ash Analyses of Native Woods,” &c. J. W. Mallet. F. P. Vertable. W. C.Brown. HAYBISON ANY SONS, PSINTEES INOBDINAXY TO HEX MAJESTY,ST. MAETAN’S LA~E.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8930900001
出版商:RSC
年代:1893
数据来源: RSC
|
|