摘要:

ABSTRACTS OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 23. Session 1885-86. May 6th, 1886. Dr. Hugo Muller, P.R.S., President, in the Clmir. Messrs. John W. King, William Herbert Hyatt and George T. Holloway were formally admitted Fellows of the Society. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. James Blake, M.D., F.R.C.S., 1, Sussex Gardens, W. ; Forbes Rickard, Ash- combe, Carlton Road, Putney; Charles A. R. Jowitt, Scotia Works, Sheffield. The following papers were read :-4." Paranitrobenzoylacetic Acid and some of its Derivatives." ByDr. W. H. Perkin, Jun., and Dr. E. Bellinot. On account of the difficulty of producing ethylic benzoylacetate free from acetophenone, benzoic acid and other impurities, nnsatis- factory results were obtained on attempting to prepare the nitro- derivative directly from it ; the authors have therefore prepared paranitrobenzoy Zacetic acid, N02*CsHa*C0 CH2.C OOH, from paranitilo-phenylpropiolic acid obtained by combining ethylic paranitrocinna- mate with bromine and treating the resulting ethylic paranitrophenyl- dibromopropionate with alcoholic potash. The conversion of para-nitrophenylpropiolic acid into paranitrobenzoylacetic acid is effected by dissolving the former (50 grams) in 80-85 per cent. sulphuric acid (2-3 kilos.) and maintaining the liquid at 35-40" for 15 hours. The pure acid crystallises fram benzene in microscopic needles; it melts at 135",being resolved into paranitracetophenone and carbon dioxide, a decomposition which also takes place on boiling it with water.Owing to their instability, the preparation of its metallic salts is a matter of difficulty. Methylic paranitrobenzoy Zacetate crystallises from 194 alcohol in monoclinic prisms, melting at 106-107" ; on treatment with sodium methylate or ethylate, it yields a monosodium derivative of remarkable stability. On heating this compound with benzyl chloride and a little alcohol in sealed tubes at 150°, it is converted into nzethylie parannitrobenzoylbenzylacetate, a body which crystallises from dilute alcohol in colourless plates, melting at 57". Ethylic para-nitroberzxoylncetate crystallises from a mixture of benzene and light petroleum in monoclinic prisms-of which, as well as of the methylic salt, measurements by Prof.Haushofer are given in the paper-melting at 75" ;it dissolves fairly easily in sodic hydrate solution, being repre- cipitated unchanged on the addition of acids. The sodium derivative may be obtained in a pure state by means of sodium ethylate: it crystallises from boiling alcohol in small orange-yellow needles, and may even be recrystallised from water ;from it other metallic deriva- tives may readily be prepared. Ethylic pnranitroberzzoylet7~acetate,prepared by the action of ethyl iodide on the sodacetate, crystallises from dilute alcohol in colourless plates melting at 39-40" ; the corresponding allylacetate, prepared by the action of ally1 iodide, melts at 45-46'. All attempts to pre- pare the acids from these salts by hydrolysis were unsuccessful.Ethylic diparanitrobenxo?ilsucciitate, (C6Hk*NO2),C2H2.(C0OEt),, obtained by treating ethylic paranitrobenzoylsodacetate with iodine, crystallises from dilute alcohol in colourless needles melting at 180'. By the action of nitrous gas on an ethereal solution of ethylic para- nitrobenzoylacetate, the isonitroso-derivative is obtained ;it crystallises from dilute alcohol in colourless needles melting at 220'. 45. "An Acetic Ferment which forms Cellulose.'' By Adrian J. Brown. The acetic ferment described in this paper is well known as the "vinegar plant " or "mother." Pure cultivations of it were made by a combination of the " fractional " and '( dilution " methods, and also by growing it in a solid gelatin medium.The mode of growth of the tough gelatinous membrane of the ferment is described, its general appearance being very similar to a soEt animal membrane. The membranous growth of the "vinegar plant '' is the only form which it assumes, no matter how the conditions are varied. Bacterium aceti never assumes this form ;moreover the ''vinegar plant " gives all the chemical reactions of cellulose, but these are not yielded by any form of 5'.aceti: the two ferments are therefore specifically distinct. The morphology of the ferment is described, and also its fermentive actions. The latter, so far as examined, are similar to those of B. aceti (comp. Trans., 1856, 172), viz., ethylic alcohol is oxidised 195 to acetic acid, and the acid so formed is afterwards decomposed.Dextrose yields gluconic acid, and mannitol is Converted into lzevnlose. Like I?. aceti also, it had no ferrnentive action on cane-sugar or lamdose. Treatment of a membrane of the “ vinegar plant ” by IT.Muller’s bromine method leaves a film of pure cellulose of the same shape and character as the original membrane. The reactions of this cellulose are given, showing it to be ordinary cellulose like that from cotton-wool. The formation and use of cellulose by a simple cell plant is of interest in connection with the important part this body plays in the more highly organised plants. Experiments were therefore made to determine from what bodies the “vinegar plant ” forms its cellulose.Cane-sugar, starch and ethylic alcohol are not converted into this body; dextrose, however, can be so converted. In this latter case, therefore, the cells of the ferment have a double action upon the sugar, viz., the production of ghconic acid and the building up of cellulose. The latter action, however, cannot be considered one of fermentation. Mannitol and lmdose are converted into cellulose, and favour the growth of the ferment more strongly than dextrose. The usual method of preparing “home made’’ vinegar by means of the “vinegar plant,” is to introduce a membrane into a solution of cane-sugar. The pure ferment has no action on this sugar, but the ordinary impure ferment used contains yeast cells, and these invert and ferment the sugar, so preparing alcohol for conversion into vinegar by the acetic ferment.The name Bacterium aylimm is suggested for the “vinegar plant.” DISCUSSION. Mr. WARINGTONafter noticing the remarkable formation of cellulose from ltevulose, said that it would be important to ascertain, if possible, at what stage oxidation sets in. Recent experiment,s by Muntz clearly show that organisms may promote oxidations which cannot be of service to the life of the organism, and which, therefore, must be regarded as unessential thereto. The PRESIDENTsaid that it had hitherto been always supposed that cellulose was the very foundation of all vegetable cells, and it was therefore particularly interesting to have it established that certain bacteria did not contain cellulose.196 Titles of Papers of interest to Chemists recently read before Societies in the United Kingdom :-(6 The Coagulation of the Blood.” By Dr. L. C. Wooldridge. 6‘ On an Effect produced by the Passage of an Electric Discharge through Pure Nitrogen.” By Prof. J. J. Thomson, F.R.S., and Prof. R. Threlfall. ‘‘ Some Experiments on the Production of Ozone.” By $he same. ‘‘ Further Discussion of the most widened Lines in Sun-spot Spectra, observed at Kensington in 1879-85.” By J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S. Royal Society of London, April 8th, May 6t.h. At the next meeting, on May 20th, there will be a ballot for the election of Fellows, and the following papers will be read :-‘‘ The Action of Aldehydes and Ammonia on Benzil ” (continued). By Francis R. Japp, F.R.S., and W. Palmer Wynne, B.Sc. ‘‘ Imabenzil.” By the same. “Ammonia-derivatives of Benzo’in.” By F. R. Japp and W. H. Wilson, Ph.D. “Compounds of Benzil and Benzojin with Alcohols.” By F, Rr Japp and Julius Raschen. “ The Action of Phosphoric Sulphide on Benzophenone.” By the same. “ The Preparation and Saponification of Hydrocyanides of the Diketones.” By F. R. Japp and N. H. J. Miller, Ph.D. EARRISON ANDSONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINABY TO HER MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN’S LANE.

ISSN:0369-8718    

DOI:10.1039/PL8860200193

出版商:RSC    

年代:1886

数据来源: RSC