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Abstracts of the Proceedings of the Chemical Society, Vol. 2, No. 25 |
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Proceedings of the Chemical Society, London,
Volume 2,
Issue 25,
1886,
Page 209-214
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摘要:
ABSTRACTS OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. No. 25. Session 1885-86. June 3rd, 1886. Dr. Hugo Muller, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. Certificates were read for the first time in favour of Messrs. Bennett F. Davenport, M.A., M.D., 751, Tremont Street, Boston, Mass. ; W. Ralph Dodd, 55, Listria Park, Stoke Newington ; Albert Brown Lyons, M.A., M.D., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. ; James B. Readman, F.R.S.E., 9, Moray Place, Edinburgh; Edgar F. Smith, Ph.D., Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio. The following papers were read :-55. “ Not-es on Sir W. Fairbairn’s Experiments on Remelting Cast Iron.” By Thomas Turner, Assoc. R.S.M. In 1853 Sir W. Fairbairn remelted Eglinton hot-blast pig iron 18 times in order to ascertain the effect produced by repeated melting (B.A. Report, 1853, 87). The metal at first gradually improved, but afterwards rapidly deteriorated, becoming white and hard. The following analyses of the bars are due to Grace Calvert :-1st melting. . . . . . . Si = 0.77 S = 0.42 C = 2.76 8th ,, . . . . . . . ,, 1-75 ,, 0.60 ,, 2.30 10th ,, . . . . . . . ,, 1-98 ,, 0-26 ,, 3.50 18th ,, . . . . . . . ,, 2-82 ,, 0.75 ,, 3.75 The author recently attempted, with the aid of these results, to explain the effect observed. The accuracy of these analyses had been questioned by Snelus and others, and by the kindness of Professor Unwin the author has been enabled to repeat the chemical examina- tion. His results have been confirmed by separate analyses performed by Mr.J. P. Walton. The mean of their experiments give the following results :- 210 No. of Total Phos-carbon. Combined. Silicon. Sulphur. Manga-melting. nese. phorus. 1..,..... 2 *67 0 -25 4‘22 0 -03 1-75 0 -47 8..... . . . 2 ‘97 0 -08 3’21 0 -05 0 -58 0.53 12. .... . .. 2 *94 0 -85 2 *52 0 -11 0 *33 0 -55 14. . . .. . .. 2 -98 1-31 2 ‘18 0’13 0 -23 0 -56 15.. . . . . . . 2 -87 1*75 0 .I7 0 -58 16. .. . . . . . 2 -88 -0 *12 0.61 It follows, therefore, that the author’s previous conclusions, based upon Calvert’s analyses, were erroneous, and that the action of re-melting was one of oxidation, resembling in character that of the “refinery,’’ the puddling furnace, the open-hearth furnace, or the Bessemer converter. 56.“ Some Animonium Compounds and other Derivatives of a-1’ Hydroxyquinoline.” By C. A. Kohn, B.Sc., P1i.D. The author first describes the methiodide of hgdroxyhydromethyl-quinoline and its conversion on being heated with solid caustic potash int’o methoxyhydromethylquinoline: he regards this isomeric change as being due to the formation, in the first place, of potassoxyhydro-methylquinoline methiodide, from which potassium iodide is then split off, the added methyl-group taking the place of the displaced potas- sium. Methoxyh~drornethylquinolinemethiodide is converted by moist oxide of silvey into the corresponding hydroxide, which on heating is decomposed into methyl alcohol and metthoxyhydromethyl- quinoline. The corresponding hydroxyhydroethylquinoline com-pounds are described.Hydroxyhydroethylquinoline ethiodide yields with caustic potash 0. Fischer’s ethylkairin ; the corresponding hydroxide appears to be decomposed on heating into ethylkairin, ethylene and water. An attempt to prepare a beneyl chloride adcli- tion-product of hydroxyhydromethylquinoliiie was not attended with a satisfactory result: on heating the product with caustic potash what appeared to be a benzylhydromethylquinoline was, however, obtained, and hence it is most probably the added radicle tha,t is displaced. Acetoxyhydroethylquinoline was also prepared. It possesses only feeble basic properties, and is readily decomposed. By the action of ethylene bromide on hydroxyhydroyuinoline a hydroxyhydroethylene-quinoline was obtained. Several salts and characteristic reactions of this derivative are described : it is a weak base as well as a weak acid.An investigation of its physiological properties by Professor Filehne shows that it acts like kairin in reducing temperature, but that its 211 action is R far feebler one-a fact due in all probability to its weaker basic properties. The effect of nitrating ethoxyhydroethylquinoline is also mentioned : two nitro-groups are at once introduced, as is the case with hydroxyquinoline. 57. "p-Sulphophthalic Acid." By Prof. C. Graebe and A. RBe, Ph.D. The preparation and properties of this acid, in which COOH : COOH : S03H= 1 :2 :4, and of its salts, are fully described : it may be obtained either by oxidising commercial naphthol yellow S.-dipotassium dinitroalphanaphtholsulphonate-with nitric acid, or by the action of sulphur trioxide on phthalic anhydride, a relatively small amount of the isomeric 1:2 :3 sulphuric acid being also formed in the latter case. The purification of the acid is best effected by means of the monobarium salt, [CeH3(C02H)2*SO,],Ba*50Hz,one of the most characteristic of its salts. On evaporating an aqueous solution in the water-bath to a syrup, and completing the removal of water by heating in the air-bath below looo,P-sulphophthalic acid is obtained as a cl-ys-talline monohydrate; on beating this at 140",the acid is obtained as a thick syrup, which may be converted by prolonged heating at 180" into a crystalline mass of anhydrosulphonic acid, c6H3(C203)*S03H.On treatment with PCI,, sulphophthalic acid yields two acid chlo- rides-a crystalline monochloride, C6H3(c0OH)2*S02C1, from which the corresponding sulphonamide may be obtained by the action of ammonia, and a non-cry stalline trichloride, c6H3(c,O,Cl,) *SO,CI, which decomposes on distillation into SO2 and P-chlorophthalic &lo-.-ride. 58. tc Compounds obtained by the aid of P-Sulphophthalic Acid." By the same. P-HyclYoxyix>htha& acid was obtained bx fusing sodium 6-sulpho- phthalate with 2i times its weight of sodium hydroxide at a tempera-ture not exceeding 180"; if this temperature be much exceeded, methydroxybenzoic acid is produced, this acid being also formed in theoretical quantity on heating P-hydroxyphtlialic acid with dilute muriatic acid at 180".p-Hydroxyphthalirnide was prepared by acting with ammonia on @-hydroxyphthalic anhydride ; it is converted into P-hydroxyphth&de by digestion with tin and mtlriatic acid, and treatment of the nitroso- derivative of the f3-hydroxyphfhalidine thus formed with caustic soda. By heating the monochloride of /3-sulphophthalic acid with phos. phorus pentachloride at 220",a quantitative yield of &chlorophthalic cl&ride, and consequently of P-chlorophthalic acid, may be obtained, 212 The chloride boils at 275" ; p-chlorophtkalic anhydridy melts at 99" and boils at 296" (corr.). The same methylic salt is obtained by the action of methylic alcohol on p-chlorophthalic chloride and anhydride, and by the action of methyl iodide on silver /3-chlorophthalate : this re- sult is of interest, as on the assumption that phthalic chloride is of unsymmetrical constitution ethereal salts prepi-ed from a phthalic chloride should differ from those obtained either from the anhy-dride or the silver salt, and this has been proved to be true in the case of tetrachlorophthalic acid, p-ChZorcrphthaZimide, obtained by the action of ammonia on the anhydride, melts at 210-211".p-Cldoro$uorescein closely resembles fluorescein. By the action of aluminium chloride on a benzene solution of 6-chlorophthdic anhydride, nzetachlorobeizxoyl~e~o~acid is formed, from which ?,tetachloraiathrapui?tolzeis readily obtained by condensa-tion with sdphonic acid.On fmion with sodic formate, 6-sulphophthalic acid yields tri-mellitic (1 : 2 : 4 benzenetricarboxylic) acid. 59. " Derivatives of Taurine." Part 11. By J. William James. An amount is given of experiments to determine the constitution of the trimethyl taurine previously described by the author (Trans., 1885, 367). Boiling iodhydric acid has no action on it : therefore as all compounds containing methoxyl yield methyliodide when thus heated, the formula NMe,*C,H4*S0,QMe is excluded. Trimethyl-taurine is readily decomposed by boiling with alkalis, trimethylaminc and isethioiiate being formed ; cyanamide does not combine with it : hence it must be supposed that it differs in constitution both from taurine and ehe mono- and d'ialkyl-taurines-which are not decomposed by alkalis but all form crystalline compounds with cyanamide.The author therefore represents the trialkyltaurines alone as analogues of betaine, thus :-Taurine. Monalkyltaurine. Dialkyltaurine. Trialkyltaurine. Finally, a description is given of an imide of the formula. obtained by the action of dry ammonia-gas on an ethereal solution of p-chlorethanesulphonic chloride, Cl*C,Ha*S02Cl; it is an extremely stable body, not being decomposed by boiling with alkalis ; the imidie hydrogen can be displaced by mekals. 213 DISCUSSION. Dr. ARMSTRONGexpressed the opinion that the properties of taurine and its derivatives were such that it was impossible to represent them as sulphonic acids; he thought that they were all equally to be regarded as ammonium compounds of the glycine and betaine type, and judging from their physical properties that neutralisation was probably brought about by the union of 2 mols.of the parent amido- sulphonic acid. The evidence brought forward was scarcely sufficient to warrant the assumption that trimethyltaurine was essentially different in constitution from taurine and the mono- and di-alkyl- taurines. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. I. Donations. Watts’s Manual of Chemistry, Theoretical and Practical, based on Fownes’s Manual. Vol. 11. Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, or Organic Chemistry. Second edition (13th ed. of Pownes): by W. A. Tilden. London, 1886. from the Author. Department of Agriculture (U.S.).Division OE Chemistry Bulletin. No. 8. Methods and Machinery for the Application of Diffusion to the Extraction of Sugar from Sugar-cane and Sorghum: by H, W. Wiley. No. 10. Principles and Methods of Soil Analysis: by E. Richards. No. 11. Second Report of Experiments in the Manufac- ture of Sugar at Magnolia Station, Lawrence, La. : by Q. I. Spencer Washington, 1886. from the Department. 11. By Purchase. Analyse der Fette und Wachsarten : von R. Benedikt. Berlin, 1886. Wohler’s Grundriss der organischen Chemie : von R. Fittig. llte Aufl., lste Hiilfte. Leipzig, 1585. Die Chemie des Steinkoplentheers, mit besonderer Beriicksichti- gung der kunstlichen organischen Farbstoffe : voii G. Schultz. Erster Band : die Rohmaterialien : erste Lieferung.Braunschweig, 1886. Etude pratique sur le Ciment Portland: par E. Candlot. Paris, 1886. Index der Krystallformen der Mineralien : von Y. Goldschmidt. Erste Lieferung. Berlin, 1886. Dr. Sprengel desires it to be mentioned that at the meeting on May 20th he also exhibited three photographs taken at the moment of the explosion at Hell Gate, October loth, 1885, when the mine was 214 charged with 22 t’ons dynamite and 107 tons of a mixture of 21 parts nitrobenzene and 79 parts potassium chlorate. This mixture belongs to the safety explosives described by Dr. Sprengel in the Chem. 8oc. ,J.,1873, and according to General Abbot, U.S. Army, has the power 109, dynamite with 75 per cent. nitroglycerine being 1000.Erratum.-In the formula at bottom of p. 204, insert an S between the two P’s. At the next meeting on June 17th, there will be a ballot for the election of Fellows, and the following papers will be read :-1. ‘(The Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions of Sulphuric Acid.” By Prof. H. McLeod, F.R.S. 2. “ Essential Oils (Part 111), their Refractive and Dispersive Power.” By Dr. J. H. Gladstone, F.R.S. 3. “ The Formation and Destruction of Nitrates and Nitrites in Artificial Solutions and in River and Well Waters.” By J. M. H. Munro, D.Sc. 4. “ An Apparatus for Distillation under Reduced Pressure.” By5. “ The Electromotive Force produced by the Combination of Dr. W. H. Perkin, F.R.S. Cadmium and Iodine in Presence of Water.” By A. P. Laurie. 6. ‘(A Method of Investigating the Constitution of Azo-, Diazo-, and Analogous Conipo~nds.” By R. Meldola, F.R.S., and F. W. Streatf eild. HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN’S LANE.
ISSN:0369-8718
DOI:10.1039/PL8860200209
出版商:RSC
年代:1886
数据来源: RSC
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