摘要:

The half-life of spores and endocrystals ofBacillus thuringiensisBerliner on soybean leaves was less than 24 h, since 65% of the insecticidal activity, and 90% of the spore viability, was lost during the 1st day. However, some insecticidal activity could be detected at 7 days postapplication. The half-life of the nucleopolyhedrosis virus ofHeliothis(Baculovirus heliothis) was>2<3 days. Viral activity could not be detected after 14 days' exposure on soybean leaves.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.117

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A compound released by females ofPlodia interpunctella(Hübner) inhibits the responses of maleCadra cautella(Walker) to the sex pheromone (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate. The material was isolated and identified as (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.120

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In laboratory experiments at 21–22°C, nearly 100%Stethorus picipesCasey ♀ oviposited when reared and held as adults at a 16-h photoperiod, continuous light or continuous darkness. Only ca. 30% oviposited when reared and held as adults at a 10-h photoperiod. The reproductive-nonreproductive state of females was demonstrated as reversible by exposure to appropriate photoperiods. The results of the experiments are discussed in reference to natural populations in southern California. Mean egg production and longevity were 577 eggs and 130 days at 16-h photoperiod and 21–22°C. Oviposition response showed that eggs and larvae ofTetranychus pacificusMcGregor were more favorable as food than other stages of prey.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.123

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Ethanol extracts of the glandular hairs, leaves, or fruit of the tomato plant were found to contain materials repellent to the adult female and the immature forms ofTetranychus urticaeKoch andT. cinnabarinus(Boisduval), but not to the adult males of these species, nor to the adult females ofT. turkestaniUgarov and Nikolski. The repellent had a half-life of ca. 1.7 h.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.128

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Heydenia unicaCook and Davis,Eurytomaspp., and 5 other hymenopterous parasites of the southern pine beetle,Dendroctonus frontalisZimmerman, interact in varying degrees, both inter- and intraspecifically. In the field this interaction, which we will term aggressivenes, is displayed by femaleH. unicaandEurytomaspp. during surveying and probing. Inter- and intraspecific aggressiveness are similar but differ in intensity. The activity, size, and species of both the attacking and attacked female parasite determine the degree of aggressiveness that the attacking parasites uses. This type of interference may lower the reproductive efficiency of both the attacked and attacking insect through time loss in surveying, probing, drilling, oviposition, and reduced parasitism.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.131

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Field tests of variations in concentrations of the 4 components of grandlure, the pheromone of the boll weevil,Anthonomus grandisBoheman, showed that increased percentages of alcohols (and thereby decreased percentages of aldehydes) significantly improved performance. One alcohol was more important than the other in determining activity, but both alcohols must be present with small amounts of the aldehydes for maximum effectiveness. Captures of boll weevils increased only slightly when doses were increased above 3 mg.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.135

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Either high temperature or long photoperiods effectively terminate embryonic diapause inAedes atropalpus. Diapausing eggs hatch after a 20-day exposure to 30°C, or a 90-day exposure to L:D 16:8. A high percentage of diapausing eggs will hatch even after 5 days at 30°C, provided they are 60–90 days old. High temperature acts independently of photoperiod, and eggs will hatch at short as well as long photoperiods. Light enters the egg via the anterior end, probably through the micropyle. Eggs with the anterior end hidden from the light did not respond to long photoperiod. The critical photoperiod for the induction of diapause for a population ofA. atropalpusfrom 44°N.L. was 14.25 h light/day. High and low levels of protein in the larval diet affected both the size of adults and the fecundity. Exposure of larvae and adults to different photoperiods affected egg production as well. Fecundity was greatest at L:D 16:8, whereas adult size was greatest under continuous light.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.139

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Two days after moulting to the 3rd instar, larvae ofChrysopa rufilabrisBurmeister were exposed to technical and commercial formulations of 5 pesticides. Technical pesticides in decreasing order of toxicity toC. rufilabrislarvae were: azinphosmethyl, carbaryl, ethion, carbophenothion, and chlorobenzilate.Residues of commercial azinphosmethyl 2 EC and carbaryl 50% WP had high and medium toxicity, respectively. Ethion + oil, carbophenothion 2 EC, and ethion 4 EC had low toxicity, while chlorobenzilate 25% EC had 0 toxicity. Azinphosmethyl and carbaryl residues were toxic up to 22 days postapplication. Ethion + oil, carbophenothion, and ethion showed 0 toxicity after 6 days.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.146

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Field developmental time of the horn fly,Haematobia irritans(L.), was investigated for 3 years in Missouri, and the data were analyzed by determining the least-squares regression between mean temperature during development and the developmental rate. The pooled predictive equation was calculated to be: 1/T = −0.04769 + 0.005168 θ; T = time required for development (in days) and θ = mean temperature (°C) during development.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.151

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Field and laboratory experiments showed that under certain conditions adult females of the predatorJalysus spinosus(Say) have a facultative reproductive diapause in North Carolina. Diapausing females appeared in the Oxford, NC area in late August, as day length declined to 13.5h and less. In the laboratory at 26.7°C, the percentage incidence of diapause rose abruptly from ca. 9% at 13.5 photophase to 98% at 12.5 h. The diapause-induction curve was a Type III shape, with 0% diapause at constant darkness. A long day (14 h light and 10 h dark) and warmer temperatures shortened the length of diapause.

ISSN:1754-5692    

DOI:10.1093/ee/3.1.156

出版商:Oxford University Press    

年代:1974

数据来源: OUP