摘要:

This paper points out that at various times in the history of society new social forms have emerged, constituting what might be termed “social inventions.” Three of these social inventions of the past are examined: role-based social organization, the nation-state, and the corporation. Current trends in social structure are discussed and the emergence of possible social inventions is discussed. These include a social structure composed of mixed rational organization and communal enclaves, between which some persons move periodically; a replacement of the nation-state by a form of organization which separates territorial control from citizenship; the emergence of more transitory work relations; and the development of new styles of social interaction.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/49.2.163

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Twice monthly for one year the author attended the “friendly” poker games of a group which had played twice monthly for more than ten years. Players' role expectations are discussed, as are formal and informal group-maintaining norm systems, criteria for selecting and socializing a “new man,” and the process of leaving the group. Personal interactions before, during, and after the poker game are sketched, emphasizing the social-psychological benefits. The “friendly game” is seen to present each player with an “ephemeral role” which affords satisfactions limited or impossible in the social world “outside.”

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/49.2.173

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Intergenerational occupational mobility patterns measured from survey data collected in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1966 and 1968 were compared to patterns present in Rogoff's 1910 and 1940 marriage license data. The following moderate differences appeared between the 1966–68 and the earlier data: (1) the proportion of people moving out of their stratum of origin remained about the same, but among the movers upward mobility became more common and downward mobility less common; (2) the linear dependence of son's occupation on father's occupation increased, mainly due to a high level of dependence for men under24years of age in 1966–68; (3) the 1966–68 mobility process, compared to the 1940 process, tended to produce an upgrading within both manual and nonmanual categories.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/49.2.186

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Recent work in stratification has suggested that the extent to which vertical mobility influences sociopolitical attitudes depends on whether the mobility is intergenerational or intragenerational. In an effort to clarify previous statements of the issue, we suggest that (1) the validity of the proposition depends in turn on the manner in which mobility is conceptualized, and (2) any differences between the two types of mobility can be interpreted in terms of differential resistance to resocialization into the political perspectives of the class of destination. Using survey data from Italy, and focusing on upward mobility, according to one specific conceptualization of mobility, the intragenerational achievers are found to be more resistant to resocialization into middle-class political perspectives than intergenerational achievers. Explanation of this finding makes reference to the selection processes of formal education and to the obstacles encountered in career ascent.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/49.2.200

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

As party organization politics become less passionate and the opportunities for personal payoff and graft decrease, the continued work of party functionaries is something of an anachronism. The political systems of the United States and Canada require party-like voluntary organizations, but decrease the motivations for individual participation. This analysis sheds some light on sustained participation by focusing on the role of politics in the personal identities of1,250of the top party officials of Seattle, Minneapolis, Vancouver, and Winnipeg. At present, the significance of politics in the self-concept of even the high-ranking party official is highly variable. They may rise to the top of an organization after very short working careers and without total investment of their “selves.” The extent to which the political dimension suffuses the identity of the official and its place in the self-concept are shown to be related to both early and current life experiences in ways that accord with symbolic interactionist theory. Finally, the self-concept is shown to relate to how the party role is played and the respondent's further career expectations.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/49.2.210

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The main focus of studies on community power structure, hitherto, has been on the methodological aspects of the problem. This has led to the relative negligence of the substantive dimensions in the study of community power. While a number of important contributions on community power structure have come from the United States, this is a relatively virgin area of research in non-American, particularly non-Western societies. The present article attempts to fill this gap, to a limited extent, with reference to one of the non-Western societies, namely India. Power structures in four Indian villages are studied with the objective of understanding the relationship between community characteristics and power dispersion. The importance of variables such as community size, caste structure, occupational variations, educational and organizational innovations are examined.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/49.2.226

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In this study a manual content analysis was performed on speeches made by American businessmen. The speeches were divided into four groups according to whether they were given during the period between 1900 and 1929 or during the period between 1950 and 1967, and according to whether the businessmen were corporation managers or individual entrepreneurs. The speeches were measured for the presence of two ideological themes, “traditionalism” and “antistatism.” It was hypothesized and found that: modern managers were more traditionalistic than early managers, modern entrepreneurs were more antistatist than either early entrepreneurs or managers, and that modern entrepreneurs were more antistatist than modern managers. It was also observed that modern managers were more traditionalistic than modern entrepreneurs.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/49.2.239

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The integration of a visible minority group into the American occupational structure; specifically, the sexual integration of science and engineering is investigated by comparing selected social characteristics ofcareerwithnoncareerwomen and men with similar training in these fields. Deviation of science, and especially engineering, from the ideal-typical model of rational professions is indicated in the finding of significant “selective patterning” of careers and differential career success by sex of college graduate, which is evident when they first enter the labor market and becomes more pronounced during the course of their careers. It is suggested that discrepancies between occupational values of women employees and their perceptions of their actual work situation may indicate potential problems in their employment. Finally, possible adaptations to mitigate the effect of “deviant” sex status in the professional context are identified for two age groups of women scientists and engineers in terms of patterns in their temporal ordering of the events of college graduation, employment, marriage, and childbearing.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/49.2.245

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

In “small world” studies successive men each send on a postcard packet to an acquaintance who may know a designated target person on a first-name basis. In this analysis the likelihood of discarding the packet is separated from the chance the packet if sent reaches a man who knows the target. The former probability is assumed to be independent of the previous number of persons in the chain. The assumption is satisfied by the three extant sets of aggregate data. Then the latter probability is found to rise from zero to a modest plateau with the number of steps in the chain. Refinements and variants of the model are suggested. Funneling of chains through a few persons near the target is discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/49.2.259

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A distinction is made between a role structure and an interpersonal structure as two elements of any dyadic relationship. Data from young, white, recently married couples are examined for evidence of differential significance of the interpersonal relationship by social status level. Higher-status couples are more sensitive to the interpersonal aspects of their relationship. They also have a clearer husband-wife differentiation within the interpersonal realm. These data are interpreted as suggesting a functional link between role structure and interpersonal structure such that a lack of differentiation at one level is associated with differentiation at the other.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/49.2.264

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1970

数据来源: OUP