摘要:

Over the past 50 years, the field of industrial sociology (work and occupations) has shifted its focus from work and workers to economic concerns, and has transformed our conception of the worker from a social actor to a passive object acted on by macrolevel forces. The transformation took place in roughly three identifiable stages: an early period from the 1930s through the 1950s, a transitional period in the 1960s, and a recent period from 1970 on. Research in the early period emphasized the impact of social relations in the workplace and community on work and workers; the focus in middle period was on subjective states of workers; and in the last period economic conceptions of work and workers have defined research questions. The shifts have been brought about in part by changing interdisciplinary influences, from anthropology and psychology in the early years to economics in the recent period, which have introduced new topics and reconceptualized old ones.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.563

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Simpson describes the evolution of industrial sociology from a field devoted to the study of work groups within organizations in the 1930s–1950s, to one focused on a diverse set of macrostructural forces in the 1970s–1980s. Accompanying this transformation are a shift away from a view of workers as actors and less attention being paid to the ways that structures affect workers. Nevertheless, recent studies of the labor process, labor markets, and earnings determination have increasingly focused on workers' actions and on links between macro and micro levels.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.582

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This is a metatheoretical examination of Simpson's overview of the history of the sociology of work. There is a broad correspondence between changes in the sociology of work and in sociological theory. The early period of the sociology of work was characterized by a micro-focus on creative actors, parallelling the dominance of the similarly oriented symbolic interaction theory. The middle period of the sociology of work witnessed a shift to a focus on more macro-level phenomena and their impact on more passive actors; this corresponded with the ascendancy of more macro-level theories like structural functionalism, conflict theory, and some varieties of neo-Marxian theory. More recently, there has been a rise of more integrated micro-macro concerns in the sociology of work and Simpson calls for even more of this kind of work. The 1980s have witnessed a boom in theoretical work on micro-macro integration. Sociologists of work have much to learn from this literature and theorists could learn from the empirical work on micro-macro integration in the sociology of work. Some elements of a synthetic micro-macro approach to the sociology of work are offered.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.593

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Between 1889 and 1931 nearly 3,000 blacks were lynched in the American South. One of the few “theory driven” efforts to explain the lynching phenomenon has employed Blalock's “power threat hypothesis” as a framework, arguing that southern whites lynched blacks to retain political hegemony. This paper reexamines the empirical support for a power threat interpretation of southern lynchings and finds it wanting. It is shown that previous analyses have been plagued by a variety of conceptual and methodological weaknesses including: sensitivity to extremely influential cases; sample selection truncation; an inappropriate measure of lynching; and possible model misspecification. Our alternative analyses, including corrections for these problems, reveal no support for the power threat explanation for lynching.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.605

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.624

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.626

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.631

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.634

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This article describes how women have pursued their struggle against discrimination in employment by mobilizing the federal equal employment opportunity laws. Content analysis of sex discrimination cases decided by the U.S. Courts of Appeals between 1965 and 1985 shows that disputes between women and employers about employment practices occur especially often in regions where women are relatively poor, in managerial, professional, and technical occupations, and in government jobs; that women often act collectively against discrimination; that women win over half their cases; that women are more likely to win cases involving collective action than those which do not; and that there are nevertheless certain clear limitations to the victories women win in court. Implications for defining discrimination, gauging its pervasiveness, and affecting it through politics are discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.641

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Using published 1950–80 census data for a random sample of 50 large U.S. labor markets, we examine effects of male/female supply characteristics and female demand factors on women's access to the labor market generally and to specific white collar occupations. We find general support for our hypotheses, although the strength of the model varies among specific occupational categories.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/67.3.666

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1989

数据来源: OUP