摘要:

This paper attempts a conceptual clarification of several issues surrounding sociological and social psychological analyses of deviant behavior. A basic distinction is made between individuals whose initial socialization is in terms of conventional norms and values, and those whose early socialization is based on deviant norms and values. The implications of this distinction for the manner in which initial deviant behavior occurs, the rewards and costs the deviant experiences, and the effects of labelling upon him, are drawn.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/46.4.445

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The sociology of deviance faces two basic and interrelated problems: How and/or why some people engage in deviant acts. The meaning of these two problems, the nature of theories and research revolving around them, and their implications for the future direction of the sociology of deviance are explored. The goal is not to account foreithersocial definitionsordeviant behavior, but rather to account forbothand ultimately to specify the interaction and integrate explanations of behavior and social definitions.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/46.4.455

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This report consolidates the data available from various sources in an attempt to assess the net U.S. balance in the international interchange of high-level manpower. The United States is shown to incur short-run losses in educational costs but long-run gains in the numerical supply of trained manpower. Nevertheless, the proportionate contribution of foreign stock to the high-level manpower pool of the United States is small, and the consequences of manpower losses to other nations is largely unknown. Current needs are for more centralized and complete information on the extent of the migration of talent to and from all countries of the world, including the United States, together with an assessment of the personal, societal, and scientific consequences of these manpower flows. With the current gaps in knowledge regarding international migration, and with the wide variation in national needs and level of development from country to country, the instituting of statutory restrictions on manpower flows by the United States would at this time appear inadvisable.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/46.4.465

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

It has been hypothesized that status inconsistents are prone to participate in social movements. Collective behavior literature is examined in order to isolate indicators of this disposition. Status inconsistents are found to exhibit these symptoms. An examination of particular status consistency profiles reveals a significant variation in propensity between types of inconsistents. It is suggested that future analysis in this area should focus primarily upon consistency profiles rather than status consistency per se.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/46.4.477

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Previous research shows that Thurstone, Guttman, and Likert scales constructed from a common pool of items differentially select items having a reference to self, and furthermore that prediction to behavior is related to the proportion of self-reference items in the scale. In the present study, the systematic underselection of self-reference items in Thurstone's successive-internal measurement, is replicated on a new subject population. This underselection is explained by showing that assimilation-contrast effects occur even when the usual criteria for eliminating judges for incompetence are employed, and that such effects are most pronounced for self-reference items. It is also suggested that whether a judge's own attitude is a popular or an unpopular one in the social environment is related to assimilation-contrast effects and thus to the type of item appearing in a Thurstone instrument.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/46.4.484

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The relationship of mobility and satisfactions among an older generation of men in an industrial organization is examined. Mobility as measured by ranks-climbed has no consistent effect on job or promotion satisfactions. However, when both rank and initial organizational opportunity are used, a positive association is found. High-opportunity supervisors failing to reach upper management are least satisfied. This suggests that mobility per se is most salient for high-opportunity men. Data on the pacing of mobility support this hypothesis. “Early” promotions among high-opportunity men enhance job satisfaction—although not promotion satisfaction. Recent mobility encourages promotion satisfaction in the same group—but has little effect on job satisfaction.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/46.4.492

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Theoretical discussions of religious communality in America have received scant attention in empirical research in regard to white Protestants and Catholics. The notion of a multiple melting pot with religious boundaries has not yet been corroborated for the two major religious faiths. This paper attempts to contribute to the empirical literature on the subject of white Protestant and Catholic communality, and introduces the problem of communality as it relates to Mormons. A survey of three cities revealed that substantial segments of each faith were highly involved in their respective socioreligious communities.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/46.4.501

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This study compares data from the Centers' study (1945) with another national sample study done in 1963. The variables used are: subjective social class, occupation, education, and age. The results show a reduction in the use of the working-class label. The meaning of “subjective social class” is questioned. An explanation for the statistical relationships, consistent with the redefinition of social class, is presented. Suggestions for future research in line with this explanation are recommended.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/46.4.508

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A number of social scientists studying local Guatemalan communities, have described the relations between subordinate Indians and superordinate Ladinos as a caste system. Yet, census data show a steady and relatively rapid decline in the Indian proportion of the total population which must be largely accounted for in terms of Indians “passing” into the Ladino group. This paper shows that while “passing” is nearly impossible in many parts of Guatemala if one stays in the community of one's birth, migration to another part of the country is typically accompanied by fairly rapid ladinoization of the Indians. The importance of relating local community studies to the national society is thus highlighted.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/46.4.514

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper develops a four-variable “opportunity model” regulating women's access to men of high social status. Hypotheses based on occupational attainment, educational attainment, socioeconomic background, and community size are tested using longitudinal data from two surveys of Wisconsin high school seniors in 1957 and 1964. The analysis focuses on296girls who selected nursing as their occupational choice in 1957 and were married at the time of the follow-up survey in 1964. It is concluded that, of these four variables, socioeconomic background is the most important determinant of husband's status. Occupational attainment is of lesser overall importance but still crucial in some cases. For example, noncollege-going girls who become nurses marry high-status men just as often as college-going girls who do not become nurses. In this sense, becoming a nurse “equalizes” their opportunity for access to high-status men. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the question of how women gain access to the upper levels of the stratification system through marriage to high-status men.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/46.4.523

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP