摘要:

It is the premise of this paper that technologically underdeveloped countries have made less-than-optimal use of their human resources and are, hence, intellectually underdeveloped. Without effective use of human potentialities there really can be no true national development in any sector. Such societies present a “symptomatology” of intellectual deprivation which does not permit human resources to be fully potentiated. Colombia, a Latin-American nation, is used as a case in point.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574877

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Discussion has focused on the significance of the middle class in Latin America, particularly its relation to social change. In the present study certain hypotheses were tested by interviews in a lower- and middle-class sample of 229 Bogota residents. These hypotheses were concerned with social participation, traditionalism versus rationality, past-versus future-orientation, and mobility and adjustment indices. The findings suggest that aspects of change-orientation are found more with the middle than with the lower class, although not always to the same degree.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574878

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Weber's theory of charisma is applied to the pre- and post-independence periods in selected African countries. Charismatic patterns are found to be functional in the independence movement and dysfunctional in meeting the subsequent problems of social, political and economic development. Institutionalization rather than charisma is seen as the more useful approach to the present and future problems of nation-building.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574879

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A better understanding of the present situation in sub-Saharan Africa may be gained by comparison with analogous developments in Europe. The role of absolutism in nation-building is paralleled by the Colonial period, the European nation-state by the emergent nations of the post-Colonial period. Three types of nationalism can be distinguished in European history: (a) demotic nationalism which aims at homogenizing culturally heterogeneous populations included arbitrarily into political units according to democratic principles, (b) ethnic nationalism aiming at the inclusion of each major ethnic society into one state of its own, and (c) restorative nationalism which advocates the autonomy and ultimately independence of formerly independent political units now submerged into larger political structures. Demotic tendencies in African nationalism may be recognized among leaders bent upon the building of a new nation within the given boundaries of Colonial administrative units according to the Western democratic model. Pan-Africanism on the other hand appears to be a type of ethnic nationalism while restorative tendencies find their expression in tribalism. On the basis of this comparison and past experiences in European nation-building seven hypotheses are presented regarding the relevance of the ethnic factor in nationalist ideologies and policies.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574880

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

An unanticipated finding relevant to anomia is examined—namely, that Negro autoworkers who were economically advantaged registered significantly higher anomia scores than those who were considerably less well off in terms of seniority and employment history. This particular finding was contrary to that found for white workers and also stands in contradiction to previous arguments and evidence based on anomie theory. The attempt to explain what was found includes a consideration of the relevance or nonrelevance of expectations and suggests that anomia functions as an indicator of frustration as well as despair.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574881

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This is a preliminary report on a study of white reactions to the Watts Riots of August 1965, based on a sample of 583 respondents from six Los Angeles communities. A wide variety of indices of antagonism toward Negroes was related to values and to amount and kind of contact with Negroes. Findings are presented showing that egoism is related to high antagonism, altruism to low antagonism; that lack of intimate social contact with Negroes is related to high antagonism; that the combined effect of egoism and lack of contact is the best predictor of antagonism, as measured by social distance. All these relationships hold when controlled for occupation, education and age.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574882

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Data on interracial interaction were collected by participant observation from the first church in the American Baptist Convention to adopt a policy of racial integration. It was found that the 38 most active members were not discriminatory in the rate at which they conversed with members of the other race. A number of factors are offered to explain this highly successful experiment in racial integration. Seating patterns of the whole congregation, however, showed a significant amount of segregation. Also, it was found that social class was not related to the propensity to initiate interracial interaction, either among Negroes or whites.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574883

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper analyzes factors affecting the internal structure of affective relationships in triads formed by adolescent male drinkers and abstainers. It is shown that the likelihood of a given sociometric relation can be predicted from knowledge of other relational bonds in the triad and from the degree of similarity with regard to alcohol use. The relations between two individuals are affected importantly by their own behaviors and also by their affective ties and behavioral similarities to others in the system. It is suggested that balance theory may be extended to explain the strength of balance forces within one system as a function of imbalance in another. With regard to objects of generalized importance and social relevance, pressures toward balance are hypothesized to increase in strength to the extent that one or more actors experience imbalance in other relational sets. Consistent with this hypothesis is the observation that lack of parental support is associated with closer ties between an individual's friends.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574884

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Sociologists have given a little attention to those occupations which have attempted to become professions, but to some greater or lesser degree have failed. The present paper, employing a Hughesian approach to occupations and work, analyzes pharmacy as an occupation which has taken on some, but not all, of the characteristics commonly ascribed to the professions. Consideration is directed to the factors of recruitment, symbolic social objects, and the achievement of mandate within pharmacy. It is concluded that pharmacy has achieved a state of incomplete professionalization and the similar ties to other occupations such as librarianship, optometry, and chiropractory are discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574885

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

This paper deals with the generic process that underlies embarrassment in an attempt to understand its variable and invariable aspects. The theoretical framework is examined with data from nudist camps. The data show that the meaning of situations and the situational relevance of embarrassment are to specific social establishments. A similar type of analysis is indicated for other emotions.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.2307/2574886

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1968

数据来源: OUP