摘要:

The trend toward more buying of health insurance, life insurance, and pension or annuity plans through employers brings up problems of consumer sovereignty, problems of the incentives of service providers, and problems of availability of the services of insurance which are only available through group buying. In order to specify what social indicators would be useful in this area, this paper analyzes the incentive systems for consumers, for service providers, and for employers as they are affected by the trend toward third party buying. It assesses the indicators that are available on the trend, and the literature in health economics which tried to analyze the impact of the trend on the provision of health services and health costs. On this basis, needed social indicators for policy assessment in the area of third party buying are suggested.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.4.861

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Data on musical compositions in six countries show the effect that varying conditions of a war period can have on the construction of music. Prior to World War II, pieces mitten in these nations display similar characteristics when measured across a set of musical properties. However, the outbreak of battle precipitates a deviation in this pattern. Works created in areas exposed to a high degree of social disruption exhibit change on several of the dimensions examined here; compositions written in regions that were not subjected to such disorganization show little or no change. Sociological implications are discussed.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.4.885

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

After several decades of population deconcentration in American metropolitan areas, examination of 1970 to 1975 data suggests tentatively that deconcentration has not recently slackened. Population deconcentration or suburbanization has not reversed, and there is no evidence of faster growth in central cities than in suburban areas. This study uses demographic data on over 200 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (smsas) in 1970 and 1975, comparable to the fewer number ofsmsasin 1950 and 1960, for a study of 25 years of change in metropolitan population distribution. Two-point estimation of the negative exponential function provides a useful, efficient summary of urban population densities for eachsmsain 1950,1960,1970, and 1975. Using these data, descriptive and multivariate statistics show the association of population concentration, measured by central densities and density gradients, withsmsapopulation size, central city age, region, and time period.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.4.905

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Three hypotheses are examined to account for trade linkages among communities. On the basis of ecological models of urban systems, position in the metropolitan hierarchy, functional specialization, and accessibility to early interregional trade routes are hypothesized to be important for current trade relations. The degree of trade is operationalized for each of 68 southern BEAs through the use of national data on inter-area commodity exchange. A trade index is constructed from these data which summarizes the volume of shipments/receipts, the range of products shipped/received, and the number of trading partners (product origin/destination communities) for each BEA. Bivariate analysis suggests that trade is related as expected with each community characteristic. However, differences in trade among communities with varying functional specializations become insignificant when the other constructs are controlled.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.4.926

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A sample of University of Michigan alumni surveyed as students in 1969 was re-studied in 1979. Period effects on values were estimated by a 1979 student survey maximally similar to the 1969 survey. The alumni changed in three ways not explainable by period effects—less traditionally religious, more liberal regarding civil liberties, and much more supportive of free enterprise ideology. Specific age effects on the values divide into two domains—specific occupation-related influences affected free enterprise values and feelings of misanthropy, and family-related influences affected values about religion and family life. It is misleading to speak of age effects in general. The general hypothesis that greater stability in adult life predicts greater value stability is not supported.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.4.941

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Four surveys of the attitudes of the white students on the Tuscaloosa campus of the University of Alabama, begun just before its effective desegregation in 1963 and continued at three-year intervals until 1972, indicated a rapidly increasing acceptance of black students. A fifth survey, conducted in November 1982, disclosed a continuing increase in the acceptance of blacks as students, but a reversal in acceptance as social intimates. These results were reflected at a more general level by increased acceptance of political and economic equality, while attitudes related to social aspects of desegregation remained roughly at 1972 levels. Consistent with these findings, an increased proportion of students perceived blacks as possessing negative characteristics.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.4.963

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

A longitudinal survey of 114 parent and post-adolescent child dyads from rural Thailand is analyzed in terms of their attitudes and behavior related to circular mobility and the influence of parents on the mobility attitudes and behaviors of their post-adolescent offspring. A literature review justifies a causal model of the attitude-behavior relationship which incorporates parental influence over time.In this particular developing nation we find that parents have virtually no influence on either the attitude toward circular mobility or the circular mobility behavior of their children. The attitude of the children has a small, but statistically significant, effect on their behavior, while their behavior has a stronger effect on their attitude. Attitude toward circular mobility, especially that of parents, is highly unstable. Mobility behavior is highly stable. We suggest that in areas of rapid social change such as developing nations, the family is an ineffective agent of socialization on issues of generational cleavage. The younger generation responds to external social forces of change.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.4.973

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Hirschi has argued that delinquent behavior leads to the development of excuses, which in turn facilitate further delinquency. In this fashion neutralization may serve as a “hardening process” in the development of a delinquent career. This thesis is examined with data from a two-wave panel study of college students' moral evaluations, willingness to accept excuses, and involvement in several minor forms of deviance. A series of analyses and sensitivity checks on the causal model provides weak but fairly consistent support for the hardening process thesis. Several methodological issues in the modeling of change (autoregressive effects, lag periods, interactions) are considered. Greater use of panel models is encouraged, and suggestions for further research on this topic are offered.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.4.995

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

The considerable body of past research on attitudes towards gender usually singled out some particular element: beliefs about psychological sex differences, or ideals of femininity and masculinity, and, most extensively, attitudes towards sex roles in various institutional sectors. By contrast, the theoretical focus of this research is on interrelationships and, conversely, disjunctions among beliefs, ideals, and sex-role attitudes exemplified by a random sample of freshmen, entering a women's college in September 1979.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.4.1020

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP

摘要:

Two measures of social class (one using the operational criteria developed by Wright; the other based upon the Swedish social group typology) are used to explore the relationships among class, income, and education in Sweden. While the class measures differ in both explanatory power and interpretation, the data show that social class has a significant effect on income in Sweden, that the impact of education on income is dependent on class position, and that some of the income differences between males and females in Sweden can be attributed to social class position.

ISSN:0430-0696    

DOI:10.1093/sf/62.4.1026

出版商:The University of North Carolina Press    

年代:1984

数据来源: OUP