摘要:

Analyst, January 1995, Vol. 120 207 Comparison of Sample Preparation Methods for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Phosphorus in Soil and Coal Fly Ash Johanna M. Smeller Inorganic Analytical Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA Three different sample preparations were evaluated for determining phosphorus spectrophotometrically in two different matrices, soil and coal fly ash. The absorbance of the blue molybdenum complex was measured at a wavelength of 804 nm with a 1 cm cell on a spectrophotometer. One digestion method involved an HCI leaching and the other two methods involved a lithium metaborate fusion to which was added an additional HF digestion step in the third digestion method. The HCI leaching method is not recommended for either matrix.The faster lithium metaborate fusion method is recommended for soils and fly ash. Keywords: Spectrophotometry; sample preparation; phosphorus determination; fly ash; soil Introduction Two of the most commonly used spectrophotometric methods for phosphorus determination are the molybdovanadatel and the ammonium molybdate methods.2-9 The concentration, sample matrix and sample preparation are important con- siderations when selecting one of these methods for the determination for phosphorus. For example, the presence of nitric acid is acceptable in the molybdovanadate method, but nitric acid interferes in the ammonium molybdate method. The ammonium molybdate method is at least 20 times more sensitive than the molybdovanadate method.’ As the ammo- nium molybdate method is more suited to sample concentra- tions of phosphorus in the range 0.01-6 mg 1-1, it was chosen for the analysis described in this paper.Several different ammonium molybdate spectrophoto- metric methods for phosphorus determination have been pub- lished in which the analysis was performed at different wavelengths with different sample preparations, different reagent concentrations and different reductants.2-9 The use of different reductants such as tin(I1) chloride, ascorbic acid and l-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid has been r e ~ i e w e d . ~ The importance of pH has been discussed,5-9 and one published method used 4-nitrophenol solution to adjust the pH.3 Whereas one method utilized a single spectrophoto- metric reagent composed of ammonium molybdate, sulfuric acid, ascorbic acid and potassium antimony tartrate,’ other methods consisted of a solution of ammonium molybdate with the addition of ascorbic acid.2,3?8 In each ammonium molyb- date spectrophotometric method, the reagent concentrations and pH values are specific and usually cannot be interchanged between methods.For the phosphomolybdenum blue reaction, conditions that must be controlled within a method are the following: concentration of the molybdic acid, concentration of the reducing reagent, time allowed for completing the reaction, hydrogen ion concentration, presence of salts, and the amount of phosphorus in the sample being analysed. 10 Contamination is avoided by cleaning glassware with a hot 6 mol 1-1 HC1.4 As in any analytical method, the sample preparation is a critical step in the analysis.The sample preparation must be compatible with the spectrophotometric method or modified to resolve such conflict. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three different sample preparation methods for determining phosphorus spectrophotometrically in two differ- ent matrices, soil and coal fly ash. One rapid sample preparation method involved an HCI leach, which was a method used for the determination of phosphorus in Portland cement .2 Hydrochloric acid was added to the sample and the digestion was facilitated by heating gently and agitating the sample until solution was complete. The sample was filtered and the silica precipitate was washed with hot water. There was no mention about exactly how long to heat and agitate the samples to obtain complete phosphorus recovery. A more detailed leach procedure of the Environ- mental Protection Agency (EPA) method 3050 was out- lined.11 Leach data information on soils was reported.12 Complete phosphorus recovery was achieved using the EPA leach method 3050 followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) .Trefry and Metzl3 found that the fraction of trace metals leached (phosphorus was not determined) from sediments , and suspended particulates varied with the sample composition, final pH and the element determined. Complete dissolution and the elimination of a potential silicon interference4 were obtained by a lengthier sample preparation method, which consisted of a lithium metaborate fusion and HCI digestion with the addition of HF-H2S04.To avoid volatilization losses of phosphorus during the evapora- tion with H2S04, the sample was not evaporated to complete expulsion of fumes. 14 The HCl digestion was preferred instead of the HN03 approach (as in Bodkin’s method3) to avoid erratic results that can arise from the presence of a strong oxidizing agent. Perchloric acid has been used to remove nitric acid.6 The last sample preparation method tested was a lithium metaborate fusion followed by only the HCI digestion, which was a modification of the previous sample preparation method. It was important to evaluate whether the HF step was necessary to eliminate the potential silicon interference.Phosphorus was determined by measuring the absorbance of the blue molybdenum complex at 804 nm. Nadkarnils determined phosphorus in fly ash by ICP-AES after microwave dissolution. Experimental Reagents used. Lithium metaborate. The anhydrous, high-purity solid was208 Analyst, January 1995, Vol. 120 Hydrochloric acid. A 0.5 moll-’ solution of high purity acid Sulfuric acid. Analytical-reagent grade acid was diluted to Sodium hydroxide solution, 1 .O rnol 1- 1. p-Nitrophenol solution, 1 x 10-5 rnol I-’. Ascorbic acid. Standard phosphorus solution. Serial dilutions of NIST Standard Reference Material SRM 3139 Spectrometric Phos- phorus Solution were made. SRM 3139 was made from ammonium dihydrogenphosphate (SRM 194) in 0.016 moll-’ HCI .Ammonium molybdate. Ammonium molybdate (10 g) was dissolved in 75 ml of water by heating in a water-bath. After cooling to room temperature, the solution was filtered into a 100 ml calibrated flask and diluted to volume. The solution was then added to 300 ml of 9 rnol 1-1 sulfuric acid. The resulting solution was cooled and stored in a plastic bottle. was used. concentrations of 9 and 0.5 rnol 1- 1. Apparatus* A Cary Model 16 spectrophotometer with a 1 cm optical cell was used for all absorption measurements. A Beckman DU spectrometer with a 1 cm optical cell was used to compare the absorption of a standard at two wavelengths. All glassware was rinsed with hot 6 rnol 1-1 HCI. Sample Preparation Eight samples from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) soil, Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) 2709, 2710 and 2711 and SRM 1633a Coal Fly Ash, were analysed over four different days using all three sample preparation techniques (see below).Samples were selected randomly and run in random order. Appropriate sample blanks were also analysed on the same four days. Approximately 0.2 g samples were digested and diluted to 100 ml and stored in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic bottles. Aliquots of 5 ml of these samples were used for the spectrophotometric analysis.3 The three different methods of sample preparation were as follows. (a) HCl leaching digestion. For the HCI leaching procedure, 10 ml of water and 20 ml of concentrated high-purity HCI were added to the 0.2 g samples in a 250-ml Pyrex beaker.The sample was heated at 72 “C on a shaker table for at least 2 h and then filtered and diluted to 100 ml. (b) Lithium metaborate. Approximately 1 g of high-purity lithium metaborate and 0.2 g of sample were fused in a platinum crucible over a Meker burner. The crucible was placed in a 400 ml tall-form Pyrex beaker containing 80 ml of HCI, covered with a watch-plate and dissolved overnight by agitation on a shaker table. After removing and rinsing the platinum crucible with water, the sample was then diluted to 100 ml. (c) Lithium metaborate fusion followed by HF-H2S04 digestion. A 5 ml aliquot of the lithium metaborate fused sample was pipetted into a platinum dish. Five drops of 9 rnol 1-1 H2SO4 and 5 ml of HF were added to the sample. After heating to dryness and cooling, the sides of the platinum dish were rinsed with water. Five more drops of H2SO4 were then added.After evaporating again to dryness, 5 ml of water and five drops of H2SO4 were added to the sample. The ~~ ~~ * To describe experimental procedures adequately, it was occasionally necessary to identify commercial products by manufacturer’s name or label. In no instance does such identification imply endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the particular product or equipment is necessarily the best available for that purpose. sample was heated to facilitate dissolution, cooled and then poured into a 250 ml beaker for the spectrophotometric procedure. For the spectrophotometric procedure,3 two drops of 4-nitrophenol were added to the 5 ml sample aliquots and 5 ml aqueous standard aliquots, and 0.5 moll-’ NaOH was added dropwise until a deep yellow colour was observed.To adjust the pH, H2S04 (0.5 rnol 1 - 1 ) was added dropwise until the solution turned colourless. It should be noted that a slight light-gold colour remained in the samples. After diluting to about 40 ml, 4 ml of ammonium molybdate solution and 0.2 g of ascorbic acid were added to the samples and standards. The solutions were boiled for 1 min, cooled over ice and diluted to 50 ml. The absorbance of each solution was determined at 804 nm in a 1 cm cell. This wavelength was used because it was the upper wavelength limit of the spectrophotometer. Use of 804 nm instead of the recommended wavelengths of 810 nm causes a 2.6% decrease in sensitivity.A Beckman spectrophotometer was used to compare the calibration standards at those two wavelengths. The phosphorus concentration was determined from a calibration graph of absorbance versus standard concentration in ppm, which was linear over the range studied (up to 0.4 ppm). The aqueous phosphorus standards used for calibration were prepared by serial dilution of NIST SRM 3139 Spec- trometric Solution. An appropriate blank correction, which was the mean value for all the blank results for the particular digestion method, was utilized for each sample. The specific blank corrections for each digestion method were the follow- ing: 0.00019% m/m for HCI digestion, 0.0014% m/m for lithium metaborate digestion and 0.00046% m/m for lithium metaborate HF-H2S04 digestion.Results and Discussion Data for phosphorus determination in soils, SRMs 2709,2710 and 2711 and SRM 1633a Coal Fly Ash are plotted in Figs. 1-4, as the mean mass percent of phosphorus and the expanded uncertainty interval for the mean of eight determi- nations of each digestion method [HCI leaching and lithium metaborate fusion with HF (‘HF’) and without HF (‘no HF’)]. The certified value and uncertainty interval are represented as the shaded area and last data entry on the plot. The uncertainties were calculated using the CIPM approach16 and are reported as mass percent of phosphorus. Type A uncertainties were calculated from the sample and 0*07 * 0.06 $ b Y v) r 0.04 HCI HF NoHF Certified Method Fig. 1 Comparison of the three sample preparation methods (HCI leaching and ‘HF’ and ‘no HF‘ lithium metaborate fusions): mean mass percent of phosphorus and expanded uncertainty in soil SRM 2709 plotted and compared with the certified value.Analyst, January 1995, Vol.120 209 0.11 h 8 v v) L r“ 0.09 0.05 HCI HF NoHF Certified Fig. 2 Comparison of the three sample preparation methods (HCI leaching and ‘HF’ and ‘no HF’ lithium metaborate fusions): mean mass percent of phosphorus and expanded uncertainty in soil SRM 2710 plotted and compared with the certified value. I 0.09 h 0.08 v) 2 S P 2 0.07 a 0.05 HCI HF NoHF Certified Fig. 3 Comparison of the three sample preparation methods (HCI leaching and ‘HF’ and ‘no HF‘ lithium metaborate fusions): mean mass percent of phosphorus and expanded uncertainty in soil SRM 2711 plotted and compared with the certified value.0.2 I 1 0 18 0 16 h 8 - I I I I HCI HF NoHF Reported Fig. 4 Comparison of the three sample preparation methods (HCI leaching and ‘HF’ and ‘no HF’ lithium metaborate fusions): mean mass percent of phosphorus and expanded uncertainty in the coal fly ash SRM 1633a is plotted and compared with a published value. ‘6 blank measurement imprecisions. The combined uncertainty, u, was calculated from only Type A uncertainties, which consisted of the standard deviation of the mean for the samples and for the blanks, both expressed in mass percent. The expanded uncertainty was calculated by multiplying each u, by its appropriate coverage factor, k . In all instances k was taken as the two-sided t-value for a = 0.025 for the appropriate effective degrees of freedom. Analysis of the soil and coal fly ash data indicates a difference between the HCI digestion and the two lithium metalborate fusion methods (‘HF’ and ‘no HF’).For the soil, SRM 2711, the uncertainty intervals for all three digestion methods are large, and no differences among the three methods are noted. Although there is an overlap of the uncertainty intervals between the certified and ‘HF’ and ‘no HF’ method, the means of those two methods fall below the certified interval. The HCI digestion method for SRM 2711 is below the certified interval. In the soils, no differences are found in the results for the ‘HF’ and ‘no HF’ methods. Differences in results for the coal fly ash, SRM 1633a, are observed for all three digestion methods.The phosphorus values using the HCl leaching method are about 40% lower than the ‘HF’ and ‘no HF’ digestion methods. There are differences between the ‘HF’ and ‘no HF’ methods for SRM 1633a, but the results of both methods fall within the uncertainty interval for the published value.17 The recommended digestion method for SRM 1633a Coal Fly Ash is the lithium metaborate fusion with no HF treatment (‘no HF’), because the data agreed with the published value16 for phosphorus and it is an easier method than the ‘HF’ method. The HCl leaching method is the simplest and quickest digestion method, but the mean value is universally lower than the mean value for the other two methods, and lower than the certified values. Although the HCl leaching method is recommended for cement analysis,2 it is not the digestion method of choice for either the soils or the fly ash.As no difference in results is found using the ‘HF’ and ‘no HF’ digestion methods for the soils, the quicker ‘no HF’ method is the preferred sample digestion method, because it is less complex. Sample contamination was less likely to occur with fewer reagents being added and minimal sample hand- ling. In summary, the results reported here support the use of lithium metaborate fusion, without the need for additional HF digestion, for the preparation of soil and fly ash samples for the spectrophotometric determination of phosphorus. The author is indebted to J. Bodkin for supplying the method, guidance and inspiration, to S. Schiller for help with the experimental design and to R.L. Watters, Jr., for the statistical evaluation and review. References 1 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, ed. Greenberg, A., Trussell, R. R., Clesceri, L. S . , American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. 16th edn., pp. 438 and 445-453. 2 Annual Book ofASTM Standards, 04.01, Phosphorus pentoxide content, (2114, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia. 1992. 3 Bodkin, J . B., Analyst, 1976, 101, 44. 4 Donaldson, E. M., Methods for the Analysis of Ores, Rocks, and Related Materials, Monograph 881, CANMET, Ottawa, Canada, 2nd edn., 1982, p. 167. 5 Ingamells, C . O., Anal. Chem., 1966, 38. 1228.210 Analyst, January 1995, Vol. 120 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Hague, J . L., and Bright, H. A., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 1941, 26, 405. Murphy, J., and Riley, J . P.. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1962, 27, 31. Fogg, D . N., and Wilkinson, N. T.. Analyst, 1958, 83, 406. Burton, J . D., Water Res., 1973, 7, 291. Roe, J. H., Irish, 0. J . , and Boyd, J. I., J. Biol. Chem., 1926, 67, 579. Kingston, H. M., and Walter, P. J., Spectroscopy, 1992, 7(9), 21. Certificate of Analysis, Standard Reference Materials (SRM,‘ 2709-2711 and Addendum to SRM Certificates, National Insti- tute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 1993. Trefry, J . , and Metz, S . , Anal. Chem., 1984, 56, 745. Hillebrand, W. F., and Lundell, G. E. F., J. Am. Chem. SOC., 1920, 42, 2609. 15 Nadkarni, R. A., Anal. Chem., 1984, 56, 2233. 16 Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, ISBN 92-67-10188-9. 1st cdn., ISO, Switzerland, 1993. 17 Gladney, E. S . , O’Malley, B. T., Roelandts, I . , and Gills, T. E . , Compilation of Elemental Concentration Data for NBS Clinical, Biological, Geological and Environmental Standard References Materials, NBS Special Publication 260-1 11, National Bureau of Standards, US Department of Commerce, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1987. Paper 4/01 988A Received April 5, 1994 Accepted July 5, 1994

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9952000207

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

Analyst, January 1995, Vol. 120 211 Mineral Analysis Using X-ray Powder Data Nicholas Calos,* Colin H. L. Kennard and Lambert K. Bekessy Department of Chemistry and Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia Quantitative X-ray powder diffractometry was applied to the phase analysis of a mineral specimen containing two sulfur-rich isomorphous mineral phases, beudantite [PbFe3(As04)- (so4)(0H),] and osarizawaite [PbFeA1C~(so~)~(oH),], together with goethite (FeOOH) and some hematite (Fez03). The application of the Rietveld method was extended to provide elemental as well as phase analysis. Keywords: Rietveld refinement; phase analysis; quantitative X-ray powder diffractometry; beudantite and osarizawaite Introduction In analysing a mimetite specimen [Pb5(As04)C1] from Brock’s Creek, Northern Territory, two sulfur-rich mineral phases, beudantite [ideally PbFe3(Aso4)(so4)(oH)6] and osariza- waite [ P ~ F ~ A ~ C U ( S ~ ~ ) ~ ( O H , ) , were found with goethite (FeOOH) and some hematite (Fe2O3) in the matrix. The PbFe mineral and a similar mineral containing Cu and A1 had cell dimensions identifying them as beudantite and osariza- waite, respectively.Both minerals are of the jarosite structure type, a grouping that covers at least 30 minerals,l e.g., jarosite, KFe3(So4),(0H),; plumbojarosite, PbFe6(S04)4- (OH),,; beaverite, Pb( Fe ,Cu),( SO4),( OH), . The goethite was present mixed in a microcrystalline mass with other minerals. Experimental The specimen was ground in an agate mortar and pestle to 5 pm and back-mounted in an aluminium holder which was placed in a Philips PW1050 Bragg-Brentano diffractometer.X-ray powder diffractograms were measured with graphite- filtered CuKa radiation. Similar results were obtained with a second sample which had the brown material, the cryptocry- stalline hematite and goethite, scraped off. A locally modified version (for multiphase refinement , including crystallographic site occupancy factors) of the Wiles and Young Rietveld Program (LHPM12.3) was then applied for quantitative analysis. Two different runs on separate samples converged to similar compositions. X-ray photoelectron spectra were measured on a Perkin Elmer, Physical Electronics Industries (PHI) Model 560 ESCA/SAM/SIMS I multitechnique surface analysis system.Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) was performed using a Philips 505 SEM with TN 5000EDS. Micrographs were recorded using a Philips TEM 400 at 120 kV. Rock compositions were verified by atomic absorp- tion spectrometry (AAS). Mixed solutions of atomic absorp- tion standards were made up in the range 0-10 pprn Fe, 0-10 pprn Pb, 0-1 ppm Cu and 0-1 ppm Al, in order to matrix-match the analytes. The solutions were prepared using analytical-reagent grade elements, dissolved in nitric acid, with 1% phosphoric acid to minimize the matrix effects on Fe. * Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis. A similar dissolution protocol was followed for the rock samples, which were measured on a Varian 550 spectropho- tometer.Hydrogen and sulfur were determined with a Carlo Erba Microanalytical Chromatograph. Discussion Conflicting analyses (Table 1) for the mixture of lead and iron arsenatehlfate minerals were obtained giving rise to a large range of compositions from: PbFe3(As04)2(0H)6; PbFe,Al(A~0~)~(0H)6; and PbFe3(As04)(S04)(OH)6 for beudantite, and through to P ~ F ~ A ~ C U ( A S O ~ ) ~ ( OH), for osarizawaite. Rietveld refinement was used and converged to reference compositions (Table 2). Charge balance can be achieved through Fe3+/Fe2+ or replacement of OH with H20. Because of pattern reproducibility, no preferred orientation was suggested. However, overlap and coincidence of peaks made it difficult to determine how many phases were present. Electron micrographs showed, at about x 105, stubby hexagonal prisms of beudantite and osarizawaite or hematite, along with the thin rods of assumed goethite.All crystals appeared to be of the order of 0.1 pm. Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) indicated four possible phases: (a) con- taining only Fe; goethite or hematite. (b) With high Fe and Pb, with minor amounts of A1 and Cu, and some As; beudantite. (c) As per the second phase, but with increased amounts of Pb and Cu, at the expense of the Fe; osarizawaite. The relative amounts of As and S could not be established using EDS because of interference from Pb. Chemical analysis indicated 3.6% S in the mixture, which corresponded to a very high S content for each phase. However, only a very weak S signal, 1 at.-%, was observed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The difficulty with using XPS is that only surfaces may be analysed, rather than bulk sample. In addition, instrument sensitivity varies for each element. Therefore, the analyses obtained may be non-representative. Table 1 XPS, EDS and chemical analysis results for analyses of the rock sample beudantite XPS: normalized Element (at.-%) Fe 74.5 As 10.8 Pb 5.0 S 1.1 c u <0.5 A1 8.4 ESD : normalized4 (at.-%) 52 10 15 8 15 - Rietveld analysis: normalized for heavy elements? (at .-% ) 64.0 2.6 9.3 16.1 2.1 5.9 * Approximate values. + The Rietveld analysis (Table 4) for native rock sample was renormalized to give at.-% compositions of heavy elements, for comparison with the beam-based techniques. Pb. As and S interfere in EDS.212 Analyst, January 1995, Vol.120 Initial refinement involved the three phases originally found from a search/match of the X-ray diffraction pattern and based on the ideal compositions for beudantite as PbFe3(Asl.s- S0.208)(OH)6, osarizawaite as PbA12Cu(Asl ,8So.208)(OH)6 and goethite as FeOOH, found from XPS and EDS. As these structures were known, refinement included only instrumental parameters such as the zero point, scale factors, background and peak shapes. After the initial refinement, complete Rietveld refinement of all parameters including atomic positions, occupancies and atomic displacement parameters was carried out. The possibility that a fourth phase, hematite, was present and completely masked by those already present was also investigated. This phase was included in a separate refinement.The very high atomic displacement parameter found for Fe in goethite could be attributed either to disorder, or to some Al in the sample forming part of the goethite structure. As AEM found no phases containing both Fe and Al, but rather only Fe, the goethite formula was fixed as FeOOH. A third iron-bearing phase, ferrihydrite, was not considered. The breadth of the peaks of the poorly crystalline ferrihydrite as noted by Schulze4 would make for difficult analysis owing to Table 2 Crystal data and compositional analysis from the Rietveld refinements presented in patterns 1 and 2 Pattern 1- Mineral Beudantite Osarizawaite Goethite Space group R h R% Pnma Preferred First phase Second phase Third phase orientation plane (00 1) (00 1) (1 00) a (A) 7.301 (2) 7.049( 2) 10.05( 2) b (4 3,055 (6) 17.038(2) 17.149(4) 4.54(1) A* B+ FeOOH Formula RBragg 0.0548 0.0527 0.0385 Over-all refinement: R, = 0.0983; R,, = 0.1277 c (4 Pattern 2- Second First phase phase Third phase Fourth phase Mineral Beudantite Osarizawaite Goethite Hematite Space group R3m R3m Pnma R ~ c Preferred orientation plane (001) (001) (1 00) (1 1 6) a (4 7.299(1) 7.042(1) 9.962(6) 5.033(1) b (4 3.019( 1) 17.038(2) 17.144(3) 4.603(3) 13.782(3) Formula C* RBragg 0.0625 0.0796 0.0351 0.0481 Over-all refinement: R, = 0.0810; R,, = 0.0107 DS FeOOH Fe203 c (A) * A : PbFe2.62AlO.1 SCUO. 2 1 ( AsO. 57s 1.43OS) ( )6 * ' B : PbFel ."&I 1.44cu0.5 1 (AsOS2OS)(OH)6* * c: PbFe2.S3A10.21C~0.26(A~0.49~1.5108)(0H)6. Ej D: P~F~o.~~A~~.~oCUO.S~(ASO.O~W~.~~~~)(~H)~.poor definition of reflections, and in this event, would have aided in their absorption into the background function, if it were at all present. In both the native rock and iron-free specimens, the refinements began with only three phases: beudantite,5.6 osarizawaite6 and goethite.7 As the refinement progressed, only the second data set converged satisfactorily [Fig. l(a)J. Several small peaks consistently showed, which, when attri- buted to hematite, refined. The XRD trace with Rietveld calculations including hema- tite is shown in Fig. l(b). The final analysis led to a poorer fit than for the cleaned sample. However, consistency between the analyses was obtained for the arsenatehlfate phases (Table 2). The strong correlation of the compositional vari- ables with the peak-shape functions demonstrated the impor- tance of accounting for all phases present in the mixture.Sensible structural refinements could not be obtained in the absence of goethite or hematite, although the profile refine- ment proceeded well. High profile R factors were obtained. This could be owing to poor models describing X-ray diffraction peaks, the high fluorescence of the Fe under Cu X-radiation and the very small size of the mineral crystals. In comparison with other X-ray profile refinements (see, for instance, the review by Taylors), the R-factors obtained for these analyses were acceptable. 0 - 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 28 (degrees) Fig. 1 rock sample. (a) Hematite-free sample and (b) whole rock. Rietveld refinements of beudantite/osarizawaite containing Table 3 Quantitative Rietveld refinement analyses of samples BEOS and BEUD* Mineral MZ V SBEOS SBEUD ~ B E O S (% 1 ~ B E U D (%) Beudan t i te 2066.42 791.35 2.4 x 4.0 x 10-5 44.32 31.83 Ozarizawaite 1885.01 737.35 2.1 x 20-5 3.5 x 10-5 32.96 23.66 Goethite 355.40 138.10 4.1 x 10-4 1.5 x 10-3 22.72 35.81 Hematite 958.15 301.22 - 6.2 x 10-5 - 8.70 * BEOS: material with FE minerals removed; BEUD: native material.Analyst, January 1995, Vol.120 213 The average formulae obtained for the phases of interest beudantite = PbFe2.s8A~o.zoC~o.24(A~~,.s~~ 1.4708)(OH)h osarizawaite = PbFeo.88Al I .62CUO.S I (ASO.04S 1.9608)(OH)6 compare favourably with the typical literature compositions beudantite = PbFe2.4-2.8Ah . 2 4 . S AS 1. (k 1.24sO. 8- 1.008 (HZO,OH)~ (ref.5 ) P~0.99F~2.~8~~~~.20~~0.02zn0.01 (AS04)0.99 (S04)0.99(OH)6.07 (ref. 6) (S04)2(OH)6 (ref. 6) osarizawaite = PbFe().38A11 .~2Cuo.~8Zn0.0~ Cell dimensions for the two published beudantite structures a = 7.3151(9), c = 17.0355(5)6 or a = 7.339, c = 17.0345 agree with the average observed cell dimensions: a = 7.300(2), c = 17.036(2) .$, as again does the osarizawaite cell, a = 7.046, c = 17.146,s cf. a = 7.075(2), c = 17.248(4) A. Values of the linear absorption coefficients (pa) for beudan- tite, osarizawaite, goethite and hematite are given as 409,320, 536 and 722 cm-1, respectively. For particles of 0.1 pm diameter, pR values of 0.04, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 can be calculated. Assuming microabsorption contrast effects are negligible, as the crystallites are so small, i.e., pR is small, Rietveld scale factors ought to correspond directly to phase cornposition,9~1" i.e., the number of unit cells of each phase in Table 4 Rietveld refinement (RR) and AAS elemental assays of samples BEOS and BEUD* BEUD BEOS RR AAS RR AAS Fet Pbt Al c u As Sci 05.7 H3 37.6 17.3 1.7 1.8 2.1 4.5 34.2 0.9 40.8 26.8 22.4 13.7 24.1 21 .o 2.3 1.4 2.5 2.1 2.9 3.6 6.2 6.1 29.7 34.3 0.7 1 .o 0.9 * BEOS: material with Fe minerals removed; BEUD: native t Low values for AAS analyses may be due to matrix effects * Low values for AAS analyses may be due to low solubility of Pb 5 S, 0, H analyses by gas chromatography.ll Low 0 analysis owing to refractory A1203 formation. material. suppressing absorption by Fe. and loss of PbS04.the sample volume. Mass percentages of the minerals are given by the equation MZ. v. s m ( " / ) = ( c:) MZ. V. S x100 where MZ = unit cell mass of a given phase, V = unit cell volume of a given phase, S = Rietveld scale factor of a given phase and t = the absorption contrast factor, =1 when pR is small.*l The analyses of the samples are given in Table 3. The hematite-bearing sample then consists of 34% beudan- tite, 25% osarizawaite, 36% goethite and 4% hematite. This agreement with the chemical analyses, and the discrepancy with the instrumental methods, highlights the importance of understanding their limitations. Table 4 compares the Riet- veld analysis with that obtained by AAS. Conclusions The technique described here has shown its applicability for compositional analysis of a given mineral within a mixture. This represents an extension of the method already available for quantitative phase analysis. The authors thank Dr. L. Sutherland of the Australian Museum, Sydney, for supplying a sample of beudantite, and Barry Wood of the Department of Chemistry for the XPS analysis. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 References Botinelly, T., J. Res. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1976, 4, 213. Rietveld, H., J . Appl. Crystallogr., 1969, 2 , 65. Hill, R. J . , and Howard, C. J., J . Appl. Crystallogr., 1985, 18, 173. Schulze, D. G., J . Soil Sci. SOC. A m . , 1981, 45, 437. Szymanski, J. T., Can. Mineral, 1988,26, 923. Giuseppetti, G., and Tadini, C., Neues. Jahrb. Mineral Monatsh., 1980, 401. Fazey, P., O'Connor, B. H., and Hammond, L. C., paper presented at the AXAA88 Conference, Perth, Australia, 1988. Taylor, J . C., Aust. J. Phys., 1985, 38, 519. Brindley, G. W.. Philos. Mag.. 1945, 36, 347. Taylor, J. C., and Matulis, C. E . , J . Appl. Crystallogr., 1991,24, 14. Taylor, J . C., Computer Programs for Standardless Quantitative Analysis of Minerals using the Full Powder Diffraction Profile, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Menai, Australia, 1990. Paper 4103756A Received June 21, I994 Accepted September 13, 1994

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9952000211

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

Analyst, January 1995, Vol. 120 215 ERRATUM Is My Calibration Linear? Analytical Methods Committee Analyst, 1994, 119, 2363Analyst, January 1995, Vol. 120 215 ERRATUM Is My Calibration Linear? Analytical Methods Committee Analyst, 1994, 119, 2363

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9952000215

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

Analyst, January 1995, Vol. 120 217 Abrigo, C., 47 Albero, Ma Isabel, 129 Analytical Methods Committee, Antolovich, Michael, 1 Aoki, Nobumi, 135 Astruc, A., 79 Astruc, M., 79 Baldin, C., 47 Baxter, Douglas C., 69 Bekessy, Lambert K., 211 Berzas Nevado, J. J., 171 Brindle, Ian D., 183 Brunmark, Per, 41 Calos, Nicholas, 211 Chromiak, Edward, 149 Cirello-Egamino, Joanne, 183 Dalene, Marianne, 41 Danielsson, Bengt, 155 de la Fuente, Miguel Angel, del Barrio Martin, S., 85 Delgado Zamarreiio, M. M., Edwards, Robert, 117 Emteborg, HBkan, 69 Fernandez-Romero, J. M., 179 Frech, Wolfgang, 69 Garcia, Ma Soledad, 129 Garcia Pinto, Carmelo, 53 Gennaro, M. C., 47 29 107 139 CUMULATIVE AUTHOR INDEX JANUARY 1995 Godlewska, Beata, 143 Golimowski, Jerzy, 143 G6mez-Hens, Agustina, 125 G6mez Laguna, M.A., 171 GuGer, Seref, 101 Hamano, Takashi, 135 Hernandez Mendez, J., 139 Hori, Yoshikazu, 187 Hulanicki, Adam, 143 Hunter, Thomas C., 161 Ishiyama, Munetaka, 113 Ito, Yoshio, 135 JuArez, Manuela, 107 Kakehi, Kazuaki, 63 Kennard, Colin H. L., 211 Koizumi, Yoshiyuki, 89 Kojima, Nobuaki, 135 Kolotyrkina, Irina Ya., 201 Leguille, F., 79 Luque De Castro, M. D., 179 McCulloch, M. T., 35 Malahoff, Alexander, 201 Marengo, E., 47 Martelletti, M. T., 47 Martins, Jorge L. S., 193 Mattos, I. L., 179 Mecklenburg, Michael, 155 Mikasa, Hiroshi, 187 Miki, Yasuyoshi, 63 Mishra, Rajendra Kumar, 197 Mitsuhashi, Yukimasa, 135 Miyake, Yasuko, 63 Moreno Cordero, Bernardo, 53 Motomizu, Shoji, 187 Murillo Pulgarin, J. A., 171 Nakamura, Toshihiro, 89 Nashine, Neena, 197 Nishiyama, Katsuhiko, 113 Niwa, Tomoko, 167 Noike, Yuji, 89 Norlin, Peter, 155 Oguri, Shigeyuki, 63 Ohkura, Yosuke, 113 Ohman, Ove, 155 Oji, Yoshikiyo, 135 Oshima, Mitsuko, 187 Panadero, Sagrario, 125 Pkrez-Bendito, Dolores, 125 PCrez Pav6n, Jose Luis, 53 Pinel, R., 79 Price, Gareth J., 161 Robards, Kevin, 1 Sinchez-Pedreiio, Concepci6n, Sanchez Perez, A., 139 Saraswati, Rajananda, 95 Sarradin, P.M., 79 Sasamoto, Kazumi, 113 Sato, Jun, 89 Schiffrin, David J., 175 Semma, Masanori, 135 Sharp, Michael, 69 129 Shiga, Masanobu, 113 Shpigun, Lilija K., 201 Skarping, Gunnar, 41 Smeller, Johanna M., 207 Stoddart, Barry, 117 Susanto, Joko P., 187 Taniguchi, Isao, 113 Tobal, Lorenzo, 129 Townshend, Alan, 117 Turrion Nieves, M. B., 139 Uchida, Chikako, 63 Ueno, Keiyu, 113 ValcArcel, M., 179 Valle Fuentes, F. J., 85 van den Berg, Constant M. G., Vetter, Thomas W., 95 Vianna-Soares, Cristina D., 193 Volker, F., 35 Wada, Hiroko, 167 Wang, Qiong-e, 121 Watters, Jr., Robert L., 95 Wilson, Robert, 175 Winquist, Fredrik, 155 Woodhead, Jon D., 35 Xie, Bin, 155 Yaman, Mehmet, 101 Yuchi, Akio, 167 Zhang, Fan, 121 Zhuang, Hui-sheng, 121 Zolotov, Yury A., 201 143

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9952000217

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

Paper no (inserted by office): ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY EXCLUSIVE COPYRIGHT LICENCE Authors submitting manuscripts for publication in Royal Society of Chemistry Journals are requested to read the notes below and to enclose with the manuscript a copy of this form, duly completed. 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ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9952000218

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

219 '""Aria I ys t INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS 1995 Criteria for Publication The Analyst publishes original research papers, critical reviews, tutorial reviews, perspectives, news articles, book reviews and a conference diary. Original research papers, The Analyst publishes original research papers on all aspects of the theory and practice of analytical chemistry, fundamental and applied, inorganic and organic, including chemical, physical, biochemical, biomedical, clinical, pharmaceutical, biologi- cal, automatic and computer-based methods. Papers on new tech- niques and instrumentation, detectors and sensors, and new areas of application with due attention to overcoming limitations and to underlying principles are all equally welcome. 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It should be noted that the ‘combined’ unit, g ml-’, must not have any ‘intrusive’ numbers. To express concentration in grams per 100 millilitres, the word ‘per’ will still be required: Concentration/ g per 100 ml. It may be preferable for an author to express concentrations in grams per litre (g 1-’) rather than grams per 100 ml. Most diagrams will be retraced and lettered in order to achieve uniform line thicknesses and lettering size and style. However, all diagrams should be carefully and clearly drawn on good quality paper and should be carefully and clearly lettered. If possible, chromato- grams and spectra, complicated flow charts, circuit diagrams, etc., should be supplied as artwork for direct reproduction in order to avoid time-consuming and expensive redrawing.The clearest copy should be without lettering. Figures should be kept to a minimum. 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Colour photographs will be accepted only when a black-and-white photograph fails to show some vital feature and can be supplied either as prints or transparencies.Appendix The SI System of Units In the SI system there are seven base units- Physical Name Symbol quantity of unit forunit length metre m mass kilogram kg time second S electric current ampere A thermodynamic temperature kelvin K amount of substance mole mol luminous intensity candela cd There are two supplementary dimensionless units for plane angle (radian, rad) and solid angle (steradian, sr). Some derived SI units that have special names are as follows-222 Physical quantity energy force power electric charge electric conductance electric potential difference electric resistance electric capacitance frequency magnetic flux density radionuclide activity pressure, stress energy, work, heat inductance (magnetic induction) Examples of other derived SI units are- Physical quantity area volume density velocity angular velocity acceleration magnetic field strength Name of unit joule newton watt coulomb siemens volt ohm farad hertz tesla becquerel pascal joule henry Symbol Definition for unit of unit J N W C S V s2 F Hz T k g r 2 A - l = Vsm-2 Bq s-l Pa m-l kg s-2 (= N m-2) J mZkg~-~(=Nm=Pam3) H m2kgs-2A-2(=VA-1s) SI unit square metre cubic metre kilogram per cubic metre metre per second radian per second metre per second squared ampere per metre Certain units will be allowed in conjunction with the SI system, e.g.- Physical quantity time plane angle volume magnetic flux density temperature, t energy mass (magnetic induction) Name of unit minute degree litre gauss degree Celsius electronvolt unified atomic mass unit Symbol for unit min 1 G "C eV 0 U Symbol for unit m2 m3 kg m-3 m s-1 rad s-1 m s - ~ Am-l Dejkition of unit 60 s (~~1180) rad m3 = dm3 10-4 T t/"C = T/K - 273.16 1.6021 x J 1.66054 x kg The other common units of time (e.g., hour and day) will continue to be used in appropriate contexts.Decimal multiples and submultiples have the following names and symbols (for use as prefixes)- 10-3 10-9 10-15 10-24 10-6 10-12 10-18 10-21 milli m micro P nano n pic0 P femto f atto a zepto Z yocto Y 103 109 1015 1024 106 1012 1018 1021 kilo k mega M gigs G peta P yotta Y tera T exa E zetta Z Compound prefixes (e.g., mpm) should not be used; m = 1 nm. For further information contact the Editor of The Analyst at: The Analyst, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, UK CB4 4WF Telephone +44 (0) 1223 420066; Fax +44 (0) 1223 420247; Internet: RSCl@RSC.ORG

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9952000219

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

223 Royal Society of Chemistry Journals Department Guidelines for submission on disk These guidelines should be used in conjunction with the Instructions for Authors by authors wishing to submit a copy of their manuscript in electronic form. Successful utilization of data on disk avoids duplication of effort and introduction of typographical error during typesetting. The following points should be noted during preparation of the manuscript to allow us to make the best of the data provided. Hardcopy - copies of the manuscript to be submitted in the usual way - Submission on disk should accompany the revised version of the manuscript, such that the hardcopy to be edited and the data on the disk are identical Disk - formatted for IBM (or compatible) PC or Macintosh - either 3.5 or 5.25" - clearly labelled (author name, word processor type, file format and file names) - accompanied on submission with a disk description form Data - text: MS-Word, Word for Windows, Wordperfect and WordStar files accepted Text - double spaced - unjustified - ranged left - not hyphenated Paragraphs - no indent on first line - separated by carriage return Spaces - single spaces only after all punctuation, including full point Characters - note distinction between ell (1) and one (1) and upper case oh (0) and zero (0) Tables - include at the end of the text file - use either the word processor's table editor or tabs for formatting, but not a mixture of the two Consistency - check the manuscript carefully for consistency, particularly in the representation of chemical formulae, compound names and words with alternative spellings Use of the data supplied, either in whole or in part, cannot be guaranteed.Mathematical equations and tables, in particular, may be rekeyed by the typesetter. Page proofs should be checked in the usual way. The Royal Society of Chemistry holds personal information on a computerized database for publications administration purposes. We may from time to time wish to send you material relevant to your research interests, to provide information about the Society's products, or possibly to seek your advice on new products. If you do not wish to receive this or remain on our mailing list please contact the Journals Administration Officer.224 Royal Society of Chemistry Journals Department Authors’ Diskette Submission Details We welcome the submission of the text of your paper on a diskette in any of the formats listed below. If you wish to do this, please complete this form with the required information and return it with your diskette to the editorial office. Please ensure that the diskette is clearly labelled with your name, a short title of the paper and the hardware and software used. The data on the diskette must correspond exactly to the final hardcopy version supplied. Therefore, please only supply disks with revised manuscripts. Journal Paper ref. no. Author name Paper title Disk details Hardware Software (text) PC Macintosh MS-Word Word for Windows Word Perfect WordStar version version version version File names (text) Office use only I Receipt date (disk) virus checked

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9952000223

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

225 IUPAC Publications on Nomenclature and Symbolism 1 .O Compilations 1.1 Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, a 550-page hardcover volume published in 1979, available from Pergamon, Oxford. Section A: Hydrocarbons Section B: Fundamental heterocyclic systems Section C: Characteristic groups containing carbon, hy- drogen, oxygen, nitrogen, halogen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium Section D: Organic compounds containing elements not exclusively those referred to in the title of Section C Section E: Stereochemistry Section F: General principles for the naming of natural products and related compounds Section H: Isotopically modified compounds 1.2 A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, a 182-page hardcover volume published in 1993, available from Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, to be used in conjunction with item 1.1.1.3 Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, a 278-page hardcover volume published in 1990, available from Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Chapter 1 : General aims, functions and methods Chapter 2: Grammar Chapter 3: Elements, atoms and groups Chapter 4: Formulae Chapter 5: Names based on stoichiometry Chapter 6: Neutral molecular compounds Chapter 7: Names for ions, substituent groups and radicals, and salts Chapter 8: Oxoacids and derived anions Chapter 9: Co-ordination compounds Chapter 10: Boron hydrides and related compounds 1.4 Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, a 348-page softcover manual published in 1992 by Portland Press Ltd. for IUBMB, and available from the publisher (59 Portland Place, London WIN 3AJ, UK).The contents are as follows: Nomenclature of organic chemistry. Section E: Stereo- chemistry (1 974) Nomenclature of organic chemistry. Section F: Natural products and related compounds (1 976) Isotopically modified compounds Recommendations for the presentation of thermodynamic and related data in biology (1985) Citation of bibliographic references in biochemical journals (1 97 1) Nomenclature and symbolism for amino acids and peptides (I 983) Abbreviated nomenclature of synthetic polypeptides or polymerized amino acids (1 97 1) Abbreviations and symbols for the description of the conformation of polypeptide chains (1 969) Nomenclature of peptide hormones (1974) Nomenclature of glycoproteins, glycopeptides and peptidoglycans (1 985) Nomenclature of initiation, elongation and termination factors for translation in eukaryotes (1 988) Nomenclature of multiple forms of enzymes (1976) Symbolism and terminology in enzyme kinetics (1 98 1) Nomenclature for multienzymes (1 989) Abbreviations and symbols for nucleic acids, poly- nucleotides and their constituents (1970) Abbreviations and symbols for the description of the conformations of polynucleotide chains (1 982) Nomenclature for incompletely specified bases in nucleic acid sequences (1 984) Carbohydrate nomenclature.Part I (1 969) Nomenclature of cyclitols (1 973) Numbering of atoms in myo-inositol(l988) Conformational nomenclature for five- and six-membered ring forms of monosaccharides and their derivatives (1980) Nomenclature of unsaturated monosaccharides (1 980) Nomenclature of branched-chain monosaccharides (1 980) Abbreviated terminology of oligosaccharide chains (1 980) Polysaccharide nomenclature (1 980) Symbols for specifying the conformation of polysaccharide chains (1 98 1) Nomenclature of lipids (1 976) Nomenclature of steroids (1989) Nomenclature of quinones with isoprenoid side chains (1 973) Nomenclature of carotenoids (1 970) and amendments (1 974) Nomenclature of tocopherols and related compounds (1981) Nomenclature of vitamin D (198 1) Nomenclature of retinoids (1981) Prenol nomenclature (1 986) Nomenclature of phosphorus-containing compounds of biochemical importance (1976) Nomenclature and symbols for folic acids and related compounds (1986) Nomenclature for vitamins B-6 and related compounds (1 973) Nomenclature of corrinoids (1 973) Nomenclature of tetrapyrroles (1 986) 1.5 Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature, a 280-page hardcover volume published in 1987, available from Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.The contents are as follows: Presentation of the Results of Chemical Analysis Solution Thermodynamics (activity coefficients, equilibria, Recommendations for Terminology to be used with Precision Balances Recommendations for Nomenclature of Thermal Analysis Recommendations for Nomenclature of Titrimetric Analysis Electrochemical Analysis Analytical Separation Processes (precipitation, liquid- liquid distribution, zone melting and fractional crystallis- ation, chromatography, ion exchange) Spectrochemical Analysis (radiation sources, general atomic emission spectroscopy, flame spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, molecular methods) Recommendations for Nomenclature of Mass Spec- trometry Recommendations for Nomenclature of Radiochemical Methods Surface Analysis (including photoelectron spectroscopy) PW226 1.6 Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature, a 172-page hardcover volume published in 199 1, available from Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.The contents are as follows: Basic Definitions of Terms Relating to Polymers Stereochemical Definitions and Notations Relating to Polymers Definitions of Terms Relating to Individual Macromolecules, their Assemblies, and Dilute Polymer Solutions Definitions of Terms Relating to Crystalline Polymers Nomenclature of Regular Single-strand Organic Polymers Nomenclature for Regular Single-strand and Quasi-single- strand Inorganic and Coordination Polymers Source-based Nomenclature for Copolymers A Classification of Linear Single-strand Polymers Use of Abbreviations for Names of Polymeric Substances 1.7 Compendium of Chemical Terminology: IUPAC Recommendations, a 456-page volume published in 1987, available in hardcover and softcover from Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.1.8 Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, a 166-page softcover volume published in 1993 by Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. 2.0 Documents not included in the compil- ations 2.1 Boron Compounds Nomenclature of inorganic boron compounds (Pure Appl. Chem., 1972,30, 681). Delta Convention Nomenclature for cyclic organic compounds with contiguous formal double bonds (Pure Appl.Chem., 1988,60, 1395). Recommendations for the names of elements of atomic number greater than 100 (Pure Appl. Chem., 1979,51, 381). Enzyme Nomenclature (1992), published by Academic Press in hardcover and softcover editions. Revision of the extended Hantzsch-Widman system of nomenclature for heteromonocycles (Pure Appl. Chem., 1983, 55,409). Names for hydrogen atoms, ions and groups, and for reactions involving them (Pure Appl. Chem., 1988,60, 11 15). Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry. Part 11. 1. Isotopically modified compounds (Pure Appl. Chem., 1981,53, 1887). Treatment of variable valence in organic nomenclature (Pure Appl. Chem., 1984,56, 769). Nomenclature of hydrides of nitrogen and derived cations, anions and ligands (Pure Appl.Chem., 1982,54,2545). Extension of Rules A- 1.1 and A-2.5 concerning numerical terms used in organic chemical nomenclature (Pure Appl. Chem., 1986,58, 1693). Nomenclature ofpolyanions (Pure Appl. Chem., 1987,59,1529). Nomenclature of regular double-strand (ladder and spiro) organic polymers (Pure Appl. Chem., 1993,65, 1561). Structure-based nomenclature for irregular single-strand organic polymers (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994, 66, 873). Nomenclature of Elements and Compounds Elements Enzymes Heterocyclic Compounds Hydrogen Isotopically ModiJied Compounds Lambda Convention Nitrogen Hydrides Numerical Terms Polyanions Polymers Radicals and Ions Revised nomenclature for radicals, ions, radical ions and related species (Pure Appl.Chem., 1993, 65, 1357). Chemical nomenclature and formulation of compositions of synthetic and natural zeolites (Pure Appl. Chem., 1979,51,1091). Zeolites 2.2 Terminology, Symbols and Units, and Presentation of Results Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994,66, 1077). Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms (Pure Appl. Chem., 1990,62,2167). English-derived abbreviations for experimental techniques in surface science and chemical spectroscopy (Pure Appl. Chem., 1991,63, 887). Andy tical Recommendations for publication of papers on a new analytical method based on ion exchange or ion-exchange chromatography (Pure Appl. Chem., 1980,52,2555). Recommendations for presentation of data on compleximetric indicators, 1.General (Pure Appl. Chem., 1979,51, 1357). Recommendations for publishing manuscripts on ion-selective electrodes (Pure Appl. Chem., 1981,53, 1907). Recommendations on use of the term amplification reactions (Pure Appl. Chem., 1982,54,2553). Recommendations for the usage of selective, selectivity and related terms in analytical chemistry (Pure Appl. Chem., 1983, 55, 553). Nomenclature for automated and mechanised analysis (Pure Appl. Chem., 1989,61, 1657). Nomenclature for sampling in analytical chemistry (Pure Appl. Chem., 1990,62, 1193). Nomenclature for chromatography (Pure Appl. Chem., 1993, 65, 819). Nomenclature of kinetic methods of analysis (Pure Appl. Chem., 1993,65,2291). Nomenclature for liquid-liquid distribution (solvent extraction) (Pure Appl.Chem., 1993,65,2373). Nomenclature for supercritical fluid chromatography and extraction (Pure Appl. Chem., 1993,65,2397). Nomenclature and terminology for analytical pyrolysis (Pure Appl. Chem., 1993,65,2405). Nomenclature for the presentation of results of chemical analysis (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994,66, 595). Recommendations for nomenclature in laboratory robotics and automation (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994,66,609). Glossary for chemists of terms used in biotechnology (Pure Appl. Chem., 1992,64, 143). Selection of terms, symbols and units related to microbial processes (Pure Appl. Chem., 1992,64, 1047). Physicochemical quantities and units in clinical chemistry with special emphasis on activities and activity coefficients (Pure Appl. Chem., 1984,56, 567). Quantities and units in clinical chemistry (Pure Appl.Chem., 1979,51,2451). Quantities and units in clinical chemistry: nebulizer and flame properties in flame emission and absorption spectrometry (Pure Appl. Chem., 1986,58, 1737). List of quantities in clinical chemistry (Pure Appl. Chem., 1979, 51,2481). Proposals for the description and measurement of carry-over effects in clinical chemistry (Pure Appl. Chem., 1991,63, 301). Quantities and units for metabolic processes as a function of time (Pure Appl. Chem., 1992,64, 1569). General Biotechnology ClinicalQuantities and units for electrophoresis in the clinical laboratory (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994,66, 89 1). Quantities and units for centrifugation in the clinical laboratory (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994,66,897).Definitions, terminology and symbols in colloid and surface chemistry. I (Pure Appl. Chem., 1972, 31, 577). 11, Hetero- geneous catalysis (Pure Appl. Chem., 1976, 46, 71). Part 1.14: Light scattering (provisional) (Pure Appl. Chem., I983,55,931). Reporting experimental pressure-area data with film balances (Pure Appl. Chem., 1985,57,621). Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Pure Appl. Chem., 1985,57,603). Reporting data on adsorption from solution at the solid/ solution interface (Pure Appl. Chem., 1986,58, 967). Manual on catalyst characterization (Pure Appl. Chem., 1991, 63, 1227). Thin films including layers: terminology in relation to their preparation and characterization (Pure Appl.Chem., 1994, 66, 1667). Nomenclature for transfer phenomena in electrolytic systems (Pure Appl. Chem., 1981,53, 1827). Electrode reaction orders, transfer coefficients and rate constants-amplification of definitions and recommendations for publication of parameters (Pure Appl. Chem., 1980,52,233). Classification and nomenclature of electroanalytical techniques (Pure Appl. Chem., 1976,45, 81). Recommendations for sign conventions and plotting of electrochemical data (Pure Appl. Chem., 1976,45, 131). Electrochemical nomenclature (Pure Appl. Chem., 1974,37,499). Recommendations on reporting electrode potentials in non- aqueous solvents (Pure Appl. Chem., 1984,56,461). Definition of pH scales, standard reference values, measurement ofpH and related terminology (Pure Appl. Chem., 1985,57,53 1).Interphases in systems of conducting phases (Pure Appl. Chem., 1986,58,437). The absolute electrode potential: an explanatory note (Pure Appl. Chem., 1986, 58, 955). Electrochemical corrosion nomenclature (Pure Appl. Chem., 1989, 61, 19). Terminology in semiconductor electrochemistry and photo- electrochemical energy conversion (Pure Appl. Chem., 199 1,63, 569). Nomenclature, symbols, definitions and measurements for electrified interfaces in aqueous dispersions of solids (Pure Appl. Chem., 1991,63, 895). Nomenclature, symbols and definitions in electrochemical engineering (Pure Appl. Chem., 1993,65, 1009). Terminology and conventions for microelectronic ion-selective field effect transistor devices in electrochemistry (Pure Appl.Chem., 1994,66, 565). Symbolism and terminology in chemical kinetics (provisional) (Pure Appl. Chem., 1981,53,753). Kinetics of composite reactions in closed and open flow systems (Pure Appl. Chem., 1993,65,2641). Recommended standards for reporting photochemical data (Pure Appl. Chem., 1984,56,939). Glossary of terms used in photochemistry (Pure Appl. Chem., 1988,60, 1055). Expression of results in quantum chemistry (Pure Appl. Chem., 1978, 50, 75). Reactions Nomenclature for organic chemical transformations (Pure Appl. Chem., 1989,61, 725). Colloids and Surfuce Chemistry Electrochemistry Kinetics Photochemistry Quan tum Chemistry 227 System for symbolic representation of reaction mechanisms (Pure Appl. Chem., 1989,61, 23). Detailed linear representation of reaction mechanisms (Pure Appl.Chem., 1989,61, 57). Rheological Properties Selected definitions, terminology and symbols for rheological properties (Pure Appl. Chem., 1979,51, 1215). Recommendations for publication of papers on methods of molecular absorption spectrophotometry in solution (Pure Appl. Chem., 1978,50,237). Recommendations for the presentation of infrared absorption spectra in data collections. A, Condensed phases (Pure Appl. Chem., 1978,50,231). Definition and symbolism of molecular force constants (Pure Appl. Chem., 1978,50, 1709). Nomenclature and conventions for reporting Mossbauer spectroscopic data (Pure Appl. Chem., 1976,45,211). Recommendations for the presentation of NMR data for publication in chemical journals. A, Proton spectra (Pure Appl.Chem., 1972,29,625). B, Spectra from nuclei other than protons (Pure Appl. Chem., 1976,45,217). Presentation of Raman spectra in data collections (Pure Appl. Chem., 1981,53, 1879). Names, symbols, definitions and units of quantities in optical spectroscopy (Pure Appl. Chem., 1985,57, 105). A descriptive classification of the electron spectroscopies (Pure Appl. Chem., 1987,59, 1343). Presentation of molecular parameter values for IR and Raman intensity (Pure Appl. Chem., 1988,60, 1385). Recommendations for EPR/ESR nomenclature and conven- tions for presenting experimental data in publications (Pure Appl. Chem., 1989,61,2195). Nomenclature, symbols, units and their usage in spectro- chemical analysis. VII. Molecular absorption spectroscopy, UV and visible (Pure Appl.Chem., 1988, 60, 1449); VIII. Nomenclature system for X-ray spectroscopy (Pure Appl. Chem., 1991,63,735); X . Preparation of materials for analytical atomic spectroscopy (Pure Appl. Chem., 1988, 60, 1461); XII. Terms related to electrothermal atomization (Pure Appl. Chem., 1992, 64, 253); XIII. Terms related to chemical vapour generation (Pure Appl. Chem., 1992,64,261). Recommendations for nomenclature and symbolism for mass spectroscopy (Pure Appl. Chem., 199 1,63, 1541). Symbols for fine and hyperfine structure parameters (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994,66,571). Definitions of terms relating to phase transitions of the solid state (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994, 66, 577). A guide to procedures for the publication of thermodynamic data (Pure Appl. Chem., 1972,39, 395). Assignment and presentation of uncertainties of the numerical results of thermodynamic measurements (Pure Appl. Chem., 1981, 53, 1805). Notation for states and processes; significance of the word ‘standard’ in chemical thermodynamics and remarks on commonly tabulated forms of thermodynamic functions (Pure Appl. Chem., 1982,54, 1239). Standard quantities in thermodynamics: fugacities, activities and equilibrium constants for pure and mixed phases (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994,66, 533). Recommendations for nomenclature and tables in biochemical thermodynamics (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994,66, 1641). Glossary for chemists of terms used in toxicology (Pure Appl. Chem., 1993,65,2003). Spectroscopy Solid State Thermodynamics Toxicology

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9952000225

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

228 JOURNALS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY Refereeing Procedure and Policy (I 995) 1.0 Contributions to Dalton, Perkin and Faraday Transactions, J. Mater. Chem., The Analyst, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. and J. Chem. Research 1.1 Introduction This document summarises the procedure used for assessing papers submitted to the four Transactions, J. Mater. Chem., The Analyst, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., and J. Chem. Research, and provides guidelines for referees engaged in this assessment. 1.2 Subject Matter Papers are submitted to the various journals according to subject matter. If it is felt that a paper would be published more appropriately in an RSC journal other than the one suggested by the author, the referee should inform the Editor. The topics covered by the various journals are as follows.Dalton Transactions (Inorganic Chemistry). All aspects of the chemistry of inorganic and organometallic compounds, including bioinorganic chemistry and solid-state inorganic chemistry; the applications of physicochemical techniques to the study of their structures,‘properties and reactions, including kinetics and mechanism; new or improved experimental techniques and syntheses. Faraday Transactions (Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics). Gas-phase kinetics and dynamics; molecular beam kinetics and spectroscopy, photochemistry and photophysics; energy transfer and relaxation processes: laser-induced chemistry; spectroscopies of molecules, molecular and gas- phase complexes: quantum chemistry and molecular structure, statistical mechanics of gaseous molecules and complexes; spectroscopies, statistical mechanics and quantum theory of the condensed phase, computational chemistry and molecular dynamics; colloid and interface science, surface science, physisorption and chromatographic science, chemisorption and heterogeneous catalysis, zeolites and ion-exchange phenomena; electrode processes, liquids and solutions; solid-state chemistry (microstructures and dynamics); reactions in condensed phases; physical chemistry of macromolecules and polymers; materials science; thermodynamics; biophysical chemistry and radiation chemistry.Perkin Transactions I (Organic Chemistry). All aspects of organic and bio-organic chemistry. These include synthetic organic chemistry of all types, organometallic chemistry, chemistry and biosynthesis of natural products, the relationship between molecular structure and biological activity, the chemistry of polymers and biological macromolecules, and medicinal and agricultural chemistry where there is originality in the science.Perkin Transactions 2 (Physical Organic Chemistry). Physicochemical aspects of organic, organometallic, and bio- organic chemistry, including kinetic, mechanistic, structural, spectroscopic and theoretical studies. Such topics include structure-activity relationships and physical aspects of biological processes and of the study of polymers and biological macromolecules. Journal of Materials Chemistry. The chemistry of materials, particularly those associated with advanced technology; modelling ofmaterials; synthesis and structural characterisation; physicochemical aspects of fabrication; chemical, structural, electrical, magnetic and optical properties; applications.The Analyst (Analytical Science). Theory and practice of all aspects of analytical chemistry, fundamental and applied, including inorganic and organic chemical, physical and biological methods in applications areas such as environmental, clinical, geological, industrial, veterinary, food, etc. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. The development of fundamental theory, practice and analytical application of atomic spectrometric techniques, including ICP MS and XRF. Journal of Chemical Research. All areas of chemistry. The format of this journal (one- or two-page printed synopsis in Part S, plus microform version of authors’ full text typescript in Part M) makes it particularly suitable for papers containing lengthy experimental sections or extensive data tabulations.1.3 Procedure Each manuscript is considered independently by two referees. The referees’ reports constitute recommendations to the appropriate Editorial Board, which is empowered to take final action on manuscripts submitted. The Editor, acting for the Editorial Board, is responsible for all administrative and executive actions, and is empowered to accept or reject papers. It is the Editor’s duty to see that, as far as possible, agreement is reached between authors and referees; although the referees may need to be consulted again concerning an author’s reply to comments, further refereeing will be avoided as far as possible.1.3.1 Adjudication of disagreements. If there is a notable discrepancy between the reports of the two referees, or if the difference between authors and referees cannot be resolved readily, a third referee may be appointed as adjudicator. In extreme cases, differences may be reported to the appropriate Editorial Board for resolution. When a paper is recommended for rejection by referees, the Editor will inform the authors and return the top copy of the manuscript. Authors have the right to appeal to the Editorial Board if they regard a decision to reject as unfair. The Editor may refer to the Editorial Boards any papers which have been recommended for acceptance by the referees, but about which the Editor is doubtful. 1.3.2 Anonymity.The anonymity of referees is strictly preserved, and reports should be couched in terms which do not disclose the identity of the writer. A referee should never communicate directly with an author, unless and until such action has been sanctioned by the Society, through the Editor. 1.3.3 Confidentiality. A referee should treat a paper received for assessment as confidential material. Information acquired by a referee from such a paper is not available for citation until the paper is published.REFEREEING PROCEDURE AND POLICY (1 995) 229 evidence. It remains the Society’s policy to accept work only of high quality and to permit no lowering of standards. 1.4 Policy The primary criterion for acceptance of a contribution for publication is that it should advance scientific knowledge significantly.Papers that do not contain new experimental results may be considered for publication only if they either reinterpret or summarise known facts or results in a manner presenting an advance in chemical knowledge. Papers in interdisciplinary areas are acceptable if the chemical content is considered satisfactory. Papers reporting results regarded as routine or trivial are not acceptable in the absence of other, desirable attributes. Although short papers are acceptable, the Society strongly discourages the fragmentation of a substantial body of work into a number of short publications; such fragmentation is likely to be grounds for rejection. The length of an article should be commensurate with its scientific content; however, authors are allowed every latitude (consistent with reasonable brevity) in the form in which their work is presented.Figures and flow-charts can often save space as well as clarify complicated arguments, and should not be excised unless they are unhelpful or really extrava- gant. The use of colour and/or half-tones is permitted in cases where genuine clarification results; referees are asked to advise on this. If a paper as a whole is judged suitable for the Journal, minor criticisms should not be unduly emphasised. It is the responsibility of the Editor to ensure the use of reasonably brief phraseology, and to assist the author to present his work in the most appropriate format. However, referees should not hesitate to recommend rejection of papers which appear incurably badly com- posed.It should be clearly understood that referees’ reports are made in confidence to the Editor, at whose discretion comments will be transmitted to the author. To assist the Editor, referees are requested to indicate which comments are designed only for consideration, as distinct from those which, in the referee’s view, require specific action or an adequate answer before the paper is accepted. Referees may ask for sight of supporting data not submitted for publication, or for sight of a previous paper which has been submitted but not yet published. Such requests must be made to the Editor, not directly to the author. 1.4.1 Authentication of new compounds. Referees are asked to assess, as a whole, the evidence in support of the homogeneity and structure of all new compounds.No hard and fast rules can be laid down to cover all types of compounds, but the Society’s policy is that evidence for the unequivocal identification of new compounds should wherever possible include good elemental analytical data; for example, an accurate mass measurement of a molecular ion does not provide evidence of purity of a compound and must be accompanied by independent evidence of homogeneity. Low-resolution mass spectrometry must be treated with even more reserve in the absence of firm evidence to distinguish between alternative molecular formulae. Where elemental analytical data are not available, appropriate evidence which is convincing to an expert in the field may be acceptable. Spectroscopic information necessary to the assignment of structure should normally be given.Just how complete this information should be must depend upon the circumstances; the structure of a compound obtained from an unusual reaction or isolated from a natural source needs much stronger supporting evidence than one derived by a standard reaction from a precursor of undisputed structure. Referees are reminded of the need to be exacting in their standards but at the same time flexible in their admission of 1.5 Titles and Summaries Referees should comment on titles and summaries with the following points in mind. Titles of papers are used out of context by several organizations for current awareness purposes. To enable such systems to serve chemists adequately, titles must be written around a sufficient number of scientific words carefully chosen to cover the important aspects of the paper.Summaries should preferably be self-contained, so that they can be understood without reference to the main text. 1.6 Speed of Refereeing The Editorial Boards are anxious to maintain and to reduce further if possible the publication times now being achieved. In this connection, referees should submit their reports with the minimum of delay, or return manuscripts immediately to the Editor if long delay seems inevitable. 1.7 Suggestions of Alternative Referees The Editor welcomes suggestions of alternative referees competent to deal with particular subject areas. Such suggestions are particularly helpful in cases where referees consider themselves ill-equipped (in terms of specialist knowledge) to deal with a specific paper, and in highly specialized or new areas of research where only a limited number of experts may be available. If, in such a case, the alternative and the original referee work in the same institution, the manuscript may be passed on directly after informing the Editor. 1.8 Short Papers and Letters ‘Short Papers’ are published in J.Chem. Research. They are intended for the description of essentially complete pieces of work which can be described in two printed pages or less. They are NOT preliminary communications, nor in any way an alternative to Chemical Communications, for which there are additional criteria of novelty and urgency. The quality of material contained in a short paper should be the same as that in a full paper. Investigations arising out of some larger project but not prosecuted to the same degree are particularly appropriate for this format.A short paper should not normally exceed in length about 8 pages of typescript, including figures, tables, etc. It should comprise a one-sentence abstract and discussion, but adequate experimental details are required. As a consequence of its length, it appears in full in Part S with no microform version in Part M. ‘Letters’, published in Dalton Transactions, Analytical Proceedings, and The Analyst, are a medium for the expression of scientific opinions and views normally concerning material published in that journal; it is intended that contributions in this format should be published rapidly. The letters section is for scientific discussion, and is not intended to compete with media for the publication of more general matters such as Chemistry in Britain.Only rarely should a Letter exceed one printed column in length (about 1-2 pages of typescript). Where a letter is polemical in nature, and if it is accepted, a reply will be solicited from other parties implicated, for consideration for publication alongside the original letter. 1.9 Relationship with Communications Journals In cases where a preliminary report of the work described has appeared (for example in Chemical Communications), referees230 REFEREEING PROCEDURE AND POLICY ( I 995) should alert the editor to any excessive and unnecessary repetition of material; this can arise in connection with communications journals in which the restrictions on length and the reporting of experimental data are less severe than those of Chemical Communications.Furthermore, the acceptability of the full paper must be judged on the basis of the significance of the additional information provided, as well as on the criteria outlined in the foregoing sections. 2.0 Contributions to Chemical Communic- ations Chemical Communications is intended as a forum for preliminary accounts of original and significant work, in any area of chemistry that is likely to prove of wide general appeal or exceptional specialist interest. Such preliminary reports should be followed up in most cases by full papers in other journals, providing detailed accounts of the work. It is Society policy that only a fraction of research work warrants publication in Chemical Communications, and strict refereeing standards should be applied.The benefit to the reader from the rapid publication of a particular piece of work before it appears as a full paper must be balanced against the desirability of avoiding duplicate publication. The needs of the reader, not the author, must be considered, and priority in publication should not be allowed to determine acceptability. Acceptance should be recommended only if, in the opinion of the referee, the content of the paper is of such urgency or impact that rapid publication will be advantageous to the progress of chemical research. Communications should be brief and not exceed two pages in the printed form including Tables and illustrations - a maximum of 1500 words for a purely textual communication.Only in exceptional circumstances will a Communication be allowed to extend to four printed pages. Lengthy introductions and discussion, extensive data, and excessive experimental details and conjecture should not be included. Figures and Tables will only be published if they are essential to understanding the paper. Referees may ask for sight of supporting data before reaching a decision. The refereeing procedure for Communications is the same as that for full papers, except that rapidity of reporting is crucial in order to maintain rapid publication. 3.0 Communications submitted to Analytical Proceedings and J. Anal. At. Spectrom. Criteria for acceptance of communications submitted to Analytical Proceedings and J.Anal. At. Spectrom. are broadly similar to those for contributions to Chemical Communications, except that they should be concerned specifically with analytical chemistry. Scientific importance (rather than urgency) is the main criterion for acceptance. A decision whether or not to publish rests with the Editor, who will obtain advice from at least one referee. 4.0 Communications submitted to Perkin, Dalton or Faraday Transactions or J. Mater. Chem. Criteria for acceptance of Communications submitted to Perkin, Dalton or Faraday Transactions or J. Mater. Chem. are similar to those for contributions to Chemical Communications, except that the work will be of more specialist interest. For Perkin and Dalton Communications inclusion of key experi- mental data is expected.Assessment is carried out by a small nucleus of referees, consisting largely of members of the appropriate Editorial Boards. 5.0 Contributions to Mendeleev Communic- ations Mendeleev Communications, published jointly by the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Russian Academy of Sciences, is a sister publication to Chemical Communications, containing preliminary reports of the same type, in any area of chemistry. The majority of contributions are from Russian authors. Assessment involves two stages of refereeing. Manuscripts submitted to the Moscow Editorial Office are refereed initially by a Russian scientist. If found acceptable they are then reviewed by Western scientists chosen by the Royal Society of Chemistry. Manuscripts submitted to the UK Editorial Office undergo this two-stage refereeing process in reverse.6.0 X-Ray Crystallographic Work 6.1 All papers containing crystallographic determinations will be refereed by two referees, one a structural chemist. If the editor considers it advisable, the paper may also be sent to a specialist crystallographer for comment. Referees will not normally be expected to check values of structural parameters for publication (e.g. bond lengths and angles against atomic co- ordinates; this will be done after publication by the appropriate crystallographic data centre), but should still pay attention to the quality of the experimental crystallographic work. However, their primary concern should be such new chemistry as is involved in the structure. 6.2 Papers will often contain the information in their titles that an X-ray structure determination has been carried out.However, this is not obligatory, especially if the X-ray determination forms only a minor part. Summaries should normally contain this information. 6.3 A structure referred to in a Communication will normally be fully refined. The Communication can then be considered to fulfil the archival function, and the structure determination may not require further detailed refereeing when presented as part of a full paper. In the full paper, the author’s purpose will then be served by a simple reference back to the original communication. However, if the crystallography is discussed again at any length in the full paper, the data should be re-presented to the referees in full, and re-published if considered necessary. 6.4 There may be other cases when an author wishes to publish a full paper in which the result of a crystal structure determination is discussed, but in which details or extensive discussion are considered unnecessary. The crystallographer may even be omitted as a co-author (for example when the determination is carried out by a commercial company). If the author is able to show the referees that this procedure is appropriate, it will be allowed provided that it does not lead to unnecessary fragmentation. However, the author must provide, as supplementary information, sufficient data relating to the crystal structure determination to allow a referee to make sure that the point made is correct, and co-ordinates etc. will be deposited. The brief published description of the determination should be supplemented by appropriate reference to ‘unpub- lished work’.

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN9952000228

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

V FACSS What is FACSS? FACSS is the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies organized to sponsor annual conferences in the field of analytical chemistry. FACSS is a nonprofit organization governed by a board with representatives fiom six member organizations -- the American Chemical Society, the Analytical Division (ACS); the Analysis Division of the Instrument Society of America (ISA); the Association of Analytical Chemists (ANACHEM); the Society for Applied Spectroscopy (SAS); the Coblentz Society, and the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). FACSS conferences rely on a successfbl combination of invited and contributed papers, workshops and short courses, and technical exhibits. The record of achievement is due to FACSS's 20+ years of conference experience and to the contributions of scientists fiom the U.S.and abroad. Attendance at the annual meeting includes approximately 1,500 participants who can attend workshops and short courses given by experts in the various areas of analytical chemistry; visit the extensive exhibits of the most up-to-date analytical equipment and materials; select from approximately 1,000 papers and poster sessions that are presented throughout the week in parallel sessions; and enjoy sightseeing excursions. FACSS conferences are often called "just the right size,'' because they are large enough to cover the full range of analytical sciences and small enough to allow participants to talk with individual vendors, visit with colleagues, and just run into people they want to talk to.FACSS program sessions are recognized as being successhl because they are presented by international leaders in the scientific community from academia, industry, and government, covering the wide range of analytical sciences: atomic spectroscopy, bioanalysis, clinical chemistry, chemometrics, gas and liquid chromatography, electrochemistry, environmental analysis, infiared spectroscopy, lasers, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, process analysis, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray spectroscopy, and surface analysis. Who should attend? Any individual working in the field of analytical chemistry as a researcher, analyst, or technician will benefit. In fact, many people in the field regard FACSS as the one meeting a year that they can't afford to miss.Where is FACSS held? FACSS conferences are held in cities that also offer other attractions for participants. Meetings have been held in Philadelphia, Cleveland, Chicago, and elsewhere. The 1995 FACSS Conference will be held 15-20 Oct. in St. Louis. HOW do you get more information? receive the Call for Papers and Preliminary Program, please write to the following address: TO get on the FACSS mailing list and FACSS National Office 198 Thomas Johnson Drive, Suite S-2 Frederick, MD 21702-4317 (301)846-4797 @-Mail: JBrown@aol.com)vi Announcement and Call for Papers Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies October 15-20, 1995 Sabin Convention Center Cincinnati, Ohio Richard F. Browner Georgia Institute of Technology Joseph A.Caruso University of Cincinnati Program Chair General Chair 404-894-4020 5 13-556-5858 FACSS National OEce 198 Thomas Johnson Dr., Suite S-2, Frederick, MD 2 1702-43 17 (301-846-4797) Scientific Program and Submission of Papers The FACSS meeting is one of the world's leading conferences in analytical chemistry, with over 1,500 participants and a program comprised of almost 1,000 presentations. This year, in addition to' sessions on the core topics of atomic and molecular spectrometry, chromatography, and electroanalysis, the meeting will also feature sessions devoted to nanoscale analyses, biosensors for the 2 1 st century, materials characterization, chemical analysis and neuroscience, challenges to environmental analysis, and issues facing the next generation of analytical scientists.Contributed original research papers are solicited in all areas of analyt~cal chemistry. Please complete the title submission form and return it by March 31, 1995. Submitted papers will either be 20-minute talks or be presented in poster sessions. Upon acceptance of your submission, final abstract materials and instructions will be sent to you in May. Listing of your presentation in the Final Program is contingent upon receipt of your 250-word final abstract via disk submission by June 30,1995. Awards Symposia Several awards symposia are arranged each year and include the Anachem Award and Society for Applied Spectroscopy (SAS) Awards, such as the Lester Strock and Lippincott Awards. This conference also serves as the forum for the presentation of other SAS Awards and FACSS Student Awards.Tomas Hirschfeld Student Awards Nominations are requested for the Tomas Hirschfeld Student Awards, which will be presented at the conference for the most outstanding papers submitted by graduate students. The student nominees will. give their papers at the conference. To be considered for these awards, students must submit the titles of their papers, resume, two letters of nomination, any reprints/ preprints, and a 250-word abstract to the National Office by March 31,1995. As many as three students may be selected as awardees, and their travel expenses will be arranged and paid for by FACSS. For further information concerning these student awards, contact the FACSS National Ofice. Instrument Exhibit The instrument exhibit is one of the more UseM and exciting components of the conference and is designed to complement the scienMic program.The exhibition area can accommodate 125 booths and will serye as the primary gathering place for many of the social events associated with the conference. Workshops, Short Courses, and Employment Bureau Workshops and short courses conducted by leading scientists will be offered in conjunction with this conference. Typical topics include ICP-MS, GC-MS, LC-MS, Sample Preparation, Statistics, Lasers in Analytical Chemistry, and Chemometrics. An Employment Bureau will offer both local and national job listings. In addition, workshops on resume preparation and career planning will be available to assist professionals seehng employment.1995 FACSS Conference ~ This form will not be accepted unless all areas are completed.If submitted incomplete, it will be returned to you. Title Deadline: March 31, 1995 (Acceptance of submissions after this date cannot be guaranteed) Topic Code(s): +Title: (maximum of 3 fi-om Topic Code List below) vii Title Submission Form PresentingAuthor: Other Authors Corresponding Author Information: First Name: Middle Initial: Last Name: CompanyKJniver sity : City: State: ZipPostal Code: country: Phone: Fax Phone No. : E-Mail Address: Preferred format': Talk 0 Poster 0 Either 0 * Actual format may be determined by space availability and format of similar talks in your topical area. +Specific references to vendor products in the title of papers will not be permitted.A. Atomic Spectrometry B. BioanalyticaVClinicaV C. Chromatography/Separations D. Process ControVAnalysis E. Electroanalytical F. Mass Spectrometry Pharmaceutical Analyses G. Molecular Spectroscopy H. Raman I. InfraredLNear-Infrared J. Flow Analysis/Injection K. Chemometrics/Computers L. Luminescence M. MaterialdSolid State/Surfaces N. NMR 0. Imaging P. Other Sessions P1 Fundamentals/Theory P2 Applications P3 Instrumentation P4 Other/Special: Preliminary 100 word brief (PLEASE TYPE) Please send this completed form to: FACSS National Office P.O. Box 278 (2409 Himes Street for overnight express) Manhattan, KS 66502 E-Mail : LAND OLL @Bu sines s . K S UVM . K SU . edu Note 1: Send completed forms for invited/solicited talks to the symposium organizer.Note 2: No FAX submissions will be accepted.... Vlll ~ ~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~ Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Sociei ties Nominations for the Tomas Hirschfeld Student Awards 1995 FACSS Conference October 15-20,1995 Sabin Convention Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Nominations are requested for the Tomas Hxschfeld Student Awards, whch will be presented at the Twenty-Second FACSS Conference. Awards are given for ~e most outstanding papers submitted by graduate students in the field of malytical chemistry. The student nominees will present 20 minute papers at the 1995 FACSS Conference. To be considered for these awards, students must submit a resume, Call For Paper/Title Submission Form, two letters of iominations, including one fiom their graduate advisor, any reprints/preprints, md a 250 word abstract to: Diane Landoll, FACSS National Office, P.O. Box !78, Manhattan, KS 66502.@-Mail: LANDOLL@KSUVM.KSU.edu) The deadline for submission of all materials is March 31, 1995. Awardees will Lave their travel arranged and paid for by FACSS. Papers that are not selected or the award will still be scheduled for presentation. If you are unable to attend unless you are an award winner), please notify us so we can remove your paper rom the Program. ;or further information concerning the Tomas Hirschfeld Student Awards contact he Student Award Chairman: Vicki McGuffi Michgan State University Department of Chemistry E. Lansing, MI 48823 (517) 355-9715

ISSN:0003-2654    

DOI:10.1039/AN995200000v

出版商:RSC    

年代:1995

数据来源: RSC